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SEYMOUR    DURST 


Every  magazine  reader  is  longing  for  an 
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strange  to  say,  the  new  thing  is  presented 
to  an  expectant  public  by  the  oldest  peri- 
odical of  its  class  in  the  land.  The  ques- 
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How  can  anything  be  literally  the   oldest  and  at  the 
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Difficult,  but  nevertheless  true  of 


GODEYS 


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The  Sun's 
GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK 


REPLIES  TO   QUESTIONS 

ASKED     EVERY     DAY     BY    THE     GUESTS     AND     CITIZENS 
OF     THE     AMERICAN     METROPOLIS. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO  SIGHTSEERS 


AND 


PRACTICAL  INFORMATION 

FOR   PRACTICAL   PEOPLE. 


Copyright,    1892. 


s>n> 


Copyright,   1S92,  by 
R.  WAYNE  WILSON  AND  COMPANY. 


KLKCTROTYPED  AND  PRINTKD  BY 

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JKKHKY  CITY,  N.  J. 


F    YOU    SEE  IT    IN     THE    SUN, 


I 

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are  presented  by  the 

NEW    YORK    CENTRAL? 

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that  one  of  its  greatest  and  most  valuable  institutions 
is  the 

NEW    YORK    CENTRAL? 

WO  Bff'T  you  do  it  ?  And  if  you  would  have  a  clearer  con- 
ception of  our  great  system  and  its  advantages,  send 
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York. 


COJ^TEJMTS. 


PAGE 

INTRODUCTION  i 

A  TOUR  OF  NEW  YORK— 

Its  more  Notable  Districts  and  Buildings  Visited — The  Facts  of 
Interest,  Present  and  Historic,  About  Each 4 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS— 

Theatres — Opera  Houses — Music  Halls — Character  of  the  Enter- 
tainments in  Each — Cost  of  Admission  29 

PERIODIC  EXHIBITIONS— 

Pictures — American  Institute  Fair — Horse,  Dog,  Poultry  and  Flower 
Shows — Pure  Foods 46 

RESORTS  AND  EXCURSIONS— 

Where  to  Pass  an  Hour  or  Two  Pleasantly,  or  Go  for  a  Day's  Out- 
ing, or  a  More  Prolonged  Holiday 50 

SPORTS  AND  ATHLETICS— 

Racing  and  Driving — Yachting — Athletic   Clubs    and   Grounds — 
Gymnasia 70 

CLUBS  AND  SOCIETIES— 

The  Leading  Organizations  in  New  York  for  Social,   Literary  and 
Other  Purposes — Their  Homes 88 

FINE  ARTS— 

New  York's  Wealth  of  Paintings  and  Statues — The  Art  Centre  of 
the  Country — Applied  Arts 109 

ARCHITECTURE— 

A  Running  Review  of  the   Architecturally  Notable  Buildings  in 
New  York 134 

government- 
How  the  Public  Affairs  of  the  City  are  Conducted — The  Machinery 
Employed 154 

PUBLIC  WORKS— 

The  Masterpieces  of  Constructive  Skill,  which  make  New  York  so 
Comfortable  a  City  to  live  in 165 


CONTENTS. 

FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS—                                                                page 
The  Custom  House — Sub-Treasury — Assay  Office — Clearing  House 
— Stock  Exchange — Banks  and  Trust  Companies — Insurance 172 

BUSINESS  CENTRES— 

Trade  Districts — Exchanges — Markets — Office  Buildings 184 

MEANS  OF  COMMUNICATION— 

The  Post  Office — The  Telephone  Service — The  Telegraph  Service 

— Messenger  Service 202 

EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS— 

Public  Schools  and  Academies — Universities — Colleges  of  Medicine, 
Law  and  Divinity — Schools  of  Art  and  Music — Libraries — The 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History 220 

NEWSPAPERS  AND  PERIODICALS— 

Their  Circulation — How  Produced  and  Distributed — Periodicals 
Printed  in  Foreign  Languages — Leading  Magazines  and  Reviews. .   238 

BENEVOLENT  ORGANIZATIONS— 

The  Charity  Organization  Society — Government  or  Official  Aid — 
Private  or  Semi-Private  Aid — Hospitals,  Dispensaries,  Ambulances 
and  Nurses — Asylums  for  the  Insane — Homes  for  Aged  or  Infirm — 
Juvenile  Asylums  and  Schools  for  the  Defective — Reformatories — 
Day  Nurseries — Houses  of  Refuge,  Free  Lodging  and  Meals — Sum- 
mer Homes  and  Excursions — Special  Relief  Funds 244 

CHURCHES— 

Their  History — Present  Position — Music — List  of  the  More  Import- 
ant and  the  Names  of  their  Pastors 262 

CEMETERIES  AND  CREMATORIES— 

Description  of  the  Greater  Burying  Grounds  in  and  Around  New 
York — Incineration 278 

SUBURBS— 

Residential  Centres  in  Brooklyn,  Long  Island  and  Staten  Island,  in 
New  York,  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey — The  Harbor,  Rivers  and 
Islands 287 

TRAVELLERS'  GUIDE— 

Means  of  Reaching  and  Leaving  New  York— Where  to  Stay  ai'd 
the  Cost — How  to  Get  About 310 

STREET  DIRECTORY    343 

PUBLISHERS'   DEPARTMENT 357 

INDEX 373 


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INTI^ODUCBTION. 


Like  other  great  cities,  New  York  is  peopled  from  the  four  corners  of 
the  earth.  Every  known  language  is  spoken  in  its  streets ;  but  its  assimi- 
lating power  is  great,  and  in-comers  fast  become  Gothamised.  They  soon 
learn  to  love  the  city,  and  are  unhappy  away  from  it.  Its  clear  air,  unpol- 
luted by  smoke,  its  better  than  average  climate,  its  excellent  order,  the 
brilliant  lighting  and  safety  of  its  streets,  the  energy  of  its  people,  their 
lack  of  bigotry,  the  conveniences  of  locomotion,  the  big  stores,  the  resources 
of  amusement,  all  tend  to  make  New  Yorkers  fond  of  their  city.  Above 
all,  there  is  a  sympathy  recognized  less  by  its  presence  in  New  York  than 
by  its  absence  elsewhere  after  it  has  been  experienced  here,  which  attracts 
people  to  this  city.  The  best,  the  brightest,  the  strongest  minds  of  the 
country  are  drawn  to  New  York,  and  in  their  presence  and  conversation  is 
found  a  stimulus  which  leads  to  greater  organization  of  efforts  than  are 
planned  in  other  cities.  Consequently  the  wealth  of  New  York  City  is 
greater  than  the  wealth  of  the  entire  State  of  Pennsylvania,  where  coal,  iron 
and  oil  have  made  so  many  great  fortunes.  The  aggregate  wealth  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  including  Chicago,  is  only  one-fifth  that  of  this  city. 

Astonishing  as  such  calculations  are,  they  do  not  nearly  do  justice  to 
New  York,  for  it  is  the  center  of  a  cluster  of  suburbs  radiating  twenty-five 
miles  beyond  its  municipal  boundaries,  which  should  all  be  included  when 
the  resources  of  the  city  are  computed. 

The  figures  are  obtainable,  but  they  need  not  be  quoted  here.  Rough- 
ly speaking,  the  population  of  the  Metropolitan  district  is  about  four  and 
one-half  millions,  or  one-fifteenth  of  the  population  of  the  United  States,  or 
a  three-hundredth  of  the  whole  number  of  human  beings. 

Within  the  city  limits  the  enumerators  who  took  the  State  census  this 
year,  found  1,801,739  people  living  in  about  125,000  houses.  These  figures 
give  an  idea  of  the  density  of  the  population  on  Manhattan  Island.  In  one 
square  mile,  below  Fourteenth  street,  on  the  East  side,  there  are  over 
350,000  inhabitants,  nearly  all  of  whom  are  of  foreign  birth.  These  people 
are  taxing  New  York's  capacity  for  assimilation  to  the  utmost.  Many  of 
the  present  generation  will  remain  unaffected  by  it,  but  their  children  feel 
it  through  the  schools,  education  being  compulsory.  It  is  noteworthy  that 
as  these  new  comers  become  prosperous  in  any  degree  they  leave  their 


2  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

more  squalid  and  ignorant  neighbors  and  push  further  up  town.  But  faster 
than  these  are  promoted,  the  lower  classes  are  swelled  by  the  inrush  of  im- 
migrants from  Central  Europe. 

According  to  American  standards  these  people  live  in  misery,  but  their 
condition  is  undoubtedly  far  better  than  it  was  in  Europe.  Hundreds  of 
them  may  crowd  into  one  tenement  here,  but  the  Board  of  Health  insists 
that  they  have  an  ample  supply  of  water,  that  the  houses  are  properly 
sewered,  and  that  they  do  not  so  overcrowd  a  building  as  to  deprive  any  of 
a  sufficiency  of  air.  The  streets  between  these  tenements  are  kept  fairly 
clean,  and  the  people  are  protected  perforce  by  vaccination  and  sanitation 
from  the  ravages  of  disease.  There  are  no  rookeries  in  New  York.  When 
the  visitor  goes  slumming  he  is  guided  along  brightly-lighted  streets,  lined 
with  substantial  tenements  of  from  four  to  eight  stories  in  height,  and  at 
almost  every  corner  he  catches  the  glint  of  a  policeman's  buttons. 

But  there  are  other  foreign  quarters  in  New  York  where  the  people  are 
thoroughly  prosperous  and  comfortable,  and  these  should  be  visited  as  well 
as  the  abodes  of  the  outcasts  of  Europe.  One  great  amelioration  of  the 
lot  of  the  latter  is  the  city's  freedom  from  climatic  rigors.  New  York 
is  the  farthest  south  of  any  of  the  Metropolitan  centers  of  the  world. 
Hence  the  cost  of  heavy  wraps  and  fuel  is  comparatively  little  if  immi- 
grants are  content  to  be  no  warmer  on  chilly  days  than  they  were  able  to 
keep  themselves  at  home.  Americans  are  so  lavish  in  their  expenditures, 
however,  that  their  coat  and  coal  bills  would  bring  dismay  to  most  British 
householders. 

In  point  of  wealth  New  York  presents  the  extremes.  The  southeast 
side  harbors  many  poor,  but  the  northwest  side  houses  many  rich.  It  is 
impossible  exactly  to  compute  the  wealth  of  the  city.  Of  property  subject 
to  taxation  there  is  over  three  billion  dollars'  worth,  two  and  one-half  bil- 
lions of  realty  and  half  a  billion  of  personalty.  This  is  assessed  at  60  per 
cent,  of  its  value,  and  the  tax  rate  is  about  one  and  four-fifth  cents  on  the 
dollar,  making  the  annual  income  of  the  city  from  direct  taxation  about 
thirty-six  millions  of  dollars.  Other  sources  of  revenue  yield  about  three 
millions  of  dollars. 

This  income  is  spent  in  maintaining  the  best  police  force,  the  best  fire 
brigade  and  the  best  board  of  health  in  the  world.,  as  well  as  on  pavements, 
sidewalks,  sewers,  street  lights,  street  cleaning,  free  schools,  free  baths, 
parks,  docks,  water  supply,  hospitals,  asylums,  prisons  and  alms  houses, 
the  last  three  mainly  for  the  accommodation  of  Europe's  afflicted  and  pau- 
per children.  The  property  in  New  York  which  is  not  subject  to  taxation 
is  valued  at  about  half  a  billion  dollars.  Of  this  considerably  more  than 
one-half  is  public  property,  the  remainder  belonging  to  religious  and  char- 
itable organizations.     New  York's  credit  in  the  money  centers  of  the  world 


INTRODUCTION.  3 

is  of  the  very  highest,  as  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  not  long  ago  it 
sold  in  open  market  two  and  a  half  per  cent,  bonds  at  a  premium  of  one  and 
a-half  per  cent. 

At  the  opening  of  this  century  the  entire  property,  real  and  personal, 
of  the  city,  was  valued  at  twenty-two  millions,  and  its  population  was  un- 
der 50,000,  say  a  fortieth  of  what  it  is  to-day.  Nothing  more  need  be  said 
of  the  development  of  the  city  except  that  its  people  have  made  it.  Nature 
did  much  when  she  provided  our  grand  harbor,  but  there  are  fully  as  safe 
and  nearly  as  capacious  harbors  elsewhere  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  Other 
cities  had  even  a  better  start  than  New  York,  but  the  latter  secured  and 
kept  the  people  with  the  commercial  daring  necessary  to  bring  leadership 
and  pre-eminence.  Every  chapter  of  this  book  tells  how  fully,  in  some  di- 
rection, New  York  occupies  the  first  place.  It  is  a  city  that  is  peculiarly 
mindful  of  and  surpassingly  liberal  towards  ability;  and  while  it  continues 
so  it  will  remain  the  grandest  city  in  America. 


/c  TOUR  Of  JvlEW  YORK. 


Its  More  Notable    Districts   and   Buildings   Visited— The    Facts   of  In- 
terest, Present  and  Historic,  about  Each. 


If  you  will  go  up  into  the  tower  of  the  Produce  Exchange  Building,  and 
look  almost  straight  down  on  each  side,  you  will  see  nearly  every  spot  of 
historic  interest  on  Manhattan  Island.  In  a  small  space  about  half  a  mile 
in  diameter,  of  which  the  Bowling  Green  is  the  centre,  New  York  City  was 
born  and  nourished.  There  the  right  of  the  people  to  take,  and  use,  the 
powers  that  had  been  in  the  hands  of  their  rulers,  whenever  an  uncertainty 
arose  as  to  who  the  proper  rulers  were,  was  asserted  by  martyred  Jacob 
Leisler;  there  the  first  Congress  of  the  Colonies  was  held;  there  the  mer- 
chants of  New  York  vowed  not  to  import  English  goods  until  the  King's 
tyranny  was  disavowed;  there  the  American  Revolution  practically  began; 
there  its  last  act  was  done. 

As  you  leave  the  Exchange  building  by  its  Whitehall  street  exit,  you 
get  a  cross  view  of  seven  old-fashioned  brick  houses,  with  high  stoops, 
standing  between  you  and  the  Battery.  On  their  site  was  Fort  Amster- 
dam, built  under  the  direction  of  Kryn  Frederycke  in  1726.  Within  its 
walls  were  the  Governor's  House,  and,  for  years,  the  homes  of  all  the  colo- 
nists. The  waters  of  the  Bay  almost  lapped  its  base.  Where  State  street 
now  is  was  a  strand.  The  green  park  beyond  has  grown,  or  been 
made.  Castle  Garden,  over  to  the  southwest,  looking  so  old  and 
dirty,  is  modern — only  eighty-seven  years  old.  It  was  not  built  until 
1805,  and  it  was  then  far  out  in  the  water.  It  was  at  first  known  as  Fort 
Clinton,  after  Governor  George  Clinton.  When  it  had  been  deeded  to  the 
State,  in  1822,  and  made  use  of  for  public  ceremonies,  its  likeness  to  a  castle 
procured  for  it  the  name  it  now  bears.  There  in  1824  Lafayette  was  re- 
ceived with  splendor,  and  there  ten  years  later  his  death  was  sincerely 
mourned.  Receptions  were  also  given  there  at  various  times  to  Presi- 
dents Jackson  and  Tyler  and  Commoner  Henry  Clay.  Theatrical  and 
operatic  performances  were  given  in  the  Garden  tor  years,  its  crowning 
glory  being  that  Jenny  Lind  first  sang  in  America  within  its  walls.     From 


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Baggage  Called  for  and  Checked. 
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Sleeping  Berths  and  Staterooms  secured. 

All  kinds  of  Railway  and  Excursion 
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A  TOUR  OF   NEW  YORK.  5 

1855  until  recently  it  was  used  as  an  immigrant  station.  Now  it  is  a  pos- 
session of  the  municipal  government,  and  is  to  be  converted  into  a  great 
aquarium. 

Right  here,  at  the  corner  of  State  street  and  Bowling  Green,  where  the 
office  of  the  Anchor  Line  is,  the  last  act  of  the  Revolution  was  done  by- 
Captain  John  Van  Arsdale  in  climbing  a  greased  pole  and  pulling  down  the 
British  flag  a  churlish  foe  had  left  flying  when  he  departed  from  our  shore 
on  November  25,  1783.  The  event  is  celebrated  annually  at  the  flag-staff 
to  the  southeast,  in  the  Battery. 

It  was  in  the  old  fort  that  was  situated  on  this  block,  bounded  now  by 
Bowling  Green,  Whitehall  street,  State  street  and  Bridge  street,  that  the 
church  was  where  Dominie  Bogardus,  the  husband  of  Anneke  Jans,  whose 
name  is  better  known  than  that  of  any  other  woman  in  local  history,  used  to 
rebuke  the  rapacity  of  Director  Kieft.  And  Jacob  Leisler  kept  this  fort 
during  the  time  that  he  and  his  fellow  captains,  refusing  to  recognize  the 
agents  of  the  rapacious  James  II.,  waited  for  the  appearance  of  King 
William's  accredited  representatives.  His  refusal  to  surrender  it  to  Captain 
Ingoldsby,  when  the  latter  appeared,  and,  without  credentials,  demanded  it, 
in  advance  of  the  arrival  of  Governor  Sloughter,  was  the  most  potent  reason 
why  he  and  his  son-in-law,  Milborne,  were  hanged,  and  their  bodies  be- 
headed, for   "  high  treason." 

When  the  English  took  New  Amsterdam  in  September,  1664,  and 
called  it  New  York,  they  changed  Fort  Amsterdam  to  Fort  James.  Bold 
Peter  Stuyvesant  retired  in  sorrow  to  his  bowery.  In  July,  1673,  Capt. 
Anthony  Colve  took  the  colony  away  from  the  craven  English  Governor, 
Manning,  and  held  it  under  the  name  of  New  Orange — the  fort  being  en- 
titled William  Hendrick — until  February,  1674,  when,  by  treaty,  the  Dutch 
again  gave  way  to  the  English,  and  New  York  and  Fort  James  came  into 
being  once  more.  After  the  demolition  of  the  fort  an  edifice  was  erected 
on  its  site  for  the  use  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  but  it  was 
never  occupied  by  that  dignitary.  Governor  George  Clinton  lived  in  it  for 
a  time.  After  the  selection  of  Albany  as  the  State  capital  it  was  used  as  a 
Custom  House.  It  was  sold,  and  demolished  to  make  room  for  the  houses 
now  standing  there,  mainly  occupied  by  steamship  offices.  In  their 
day  they  were  the  home  of  the  fashionable  life  of  the  city.  It  is  now  pro- 
posed to  build  a  Custom  House  on  their  site  again. 

Bowling  Green  is  the  pretty  oval  park  which  lies  to  the  north  and  west 
of  these  buildings.  It  was  originally  a  part  of  the  market  place  in  front 
of  Fort  Amsterdam.  In  1770  the  citizens  of  New  York  erected  there  a 
leaden  statue  of  George  III.  in  evidence  of  their  gratitude  for  the  repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act.  Six  years  later — after  the  reading  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  to  Washington's  army  in  the  present  City  Hall  Park,  then 


6  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

known  as  The  Fields — they  tore  that  statue  down.  The  greater  part  of  it 
was  sent  to  Connecticut,  where  Governor  Wolcott's  daughters  ran  it  into 
bullets  to  kill  British  soldiers.  In  Bowling  Green,  in  1795,  the  people, 
angered  at  the  treaty  reported  to  have  been  negotiated  by  John  Jay  with 
Great  Britain,  made  a  bon-fire  of  alleged  copies  of  it. 

On  the  western  side  of  the  little  park  is  No.  9  Broadway — a  true  his- 
toric spot.  Some  ramshackle  sheds,  on  top  of  which  was  the  original 
terminus  of  the  elevated  railway,  now  stand  there.  More  than  two 
hundred  years  ago,  when  big-paunched,  slow-moving  Dutchmen  sauntered 
near-by,  Martin  Cregier  kept  a  tavern  famous  even  to  Fort  Orange.  Burns' 
Coffee  House  was  the  successor  of  the  tavern,  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
Here,  on  the  night  of  October  31,  1765,  the  merchants  of  New  York  met  and 
resolved  "  to  import  no  goods  from  England  until  the  Stamp  Act  be  re- 
pealed." And  here  again  they  renewed  their  resolution  on  hearing  of  the 
passage  of  the  bill  to  tax  tea  and  other  imports.  It  was  from  here  the 
Mohawks  started  when,  in  April,  1774,  they  escorted  the  ship  Nancy,  with 
her  cargo  of  tabooed  tea,  out  to  sea.  Later  on,  the  Atlantic  Gardens,  a 
famous  resort  for  wealthy  and  luxurious  New  Yorkers,  occupied  this  site. 

The  lots  Nos.  1  and  3  Broadway,  where  the  Washington,  or  Field, 
Building  now  lifts  its  great  mass  to  the  admiring  view  of  visitors  from 
across  the  sea,  were  first  built  upon  in  English  Colonial  times.  There,  just 
prior  to  the  Revolution,  Captain  Archibald  Kennedy,  then  Collector  of  the 
Port,  built  his  mansion,  which  was  afterwards  occupied  as  headquarters  by 
Gen.  Gage,  Lord  Cornwallis,  Gen.  Howe,  and  Sir  Henry  Clinton.  From 
here  Major  Andre  took  his  departure  to  meet  Arnold.  Gen.  Putnam  also 
had  his  quarters  there  in  1776.  Talleyrand  lived  there  for  a  time.  The 
building  was  afterwards  changed  into  a  hostelry,  and,  as  the  Washington 
Hotel,  stood  until  a  few  years  ago. 

At  No.  5  Broadway,  Benedict  Arnold  lived  after  his  unparalleled 
treachery  and  from  there  the  patriot  Champe  sought  to  kidnap  him.  The 
massive  but  somewhat  dilapidated  building  at  No.  7  Broadway  was  once 
the  scene  of  magnificence,  and  in  its  spacious  parlors  the  marriage  of  Daniel 
Webster  is  said  to  have  taken  place. 

Leaving  Broadway  for  a  time,  walk  along  State  street  under  the  trees 
of  the  Battery  Park.  You  are  now  following  the  curve  of  the  shore  as  it 
was  in  the  Dutch  times.  South  of  you,  at  the  end  of  the  Park,  is  the  hand- 
some stone  edifice  known  as  the  Barge  Office.  It  is  the  veritable  "  Gate 
of  America."  The  fine  old  mansions  opposite  you  are  in  the  main 
temporary  homes  for  immigrants.  A  queer-shaped  structure  at  the  bend 
is  the  home  and  church  for  Irish  girls.  Should  you  go  along  the  side  of  the 
Battery  to  the  Brooklyn  and  Staten  Island  ferry -houses,  near  by  the  Barge 
Office,  you  would  arrive  at  South  street,   which  stretches  along  the   East 


A  TOUR   OF   NEW  YORK.  7 

River  to  Corlear's  Hook,  where  Director  Kieft  massacred  an  unsuspecting 
party  of  Indians  in  1643  and  brought  speedy  disaster  to  the  colony. 

In  South  street  the  bowsprits  of  hundreds  of  vessels  project  over  the 
roadway.  Barrels  and  other  packages  cumber  it.  The  noise  of  trade  and 
traffic,  the  clangor  of  ship-carpenters'  hammers,  the  clashing  of  boiler- 
makers,  the  whirring  of  hoists,  the  shouts  of  drivers  and  longshoremen, 
the  shrill  notes  of  signal  whistles  fill  the  air  through  the  day.  At  night  the 
street  is  deserted,  excepting  in  the  neighborhood  of  ferries,  or  in  dark  spots 
where  dock  thieves  lurk.  Most  of  the  wharves  along  it  are  old  and  of  wood. 
The  city's  dock  improvements  are,  in  the  main,  along  West  street,  which 
stretches  from  the  Battery  to  the  beginning  of  Tenth  street,  by  the  side  of 
the  Hudson  River.  Here  are  the  wharves  of  the  ocean  steamships.  From 
daylight  to  nightfall  West  street  is  crowded  with  trucks  in  apparently  inex- 
tricable tangles.  In  some  places  bridges  are  necessary  to  enable  travellers 
to  cross  it  to  ferry-houses.  West  street  is  infested  by  confidence  men.  It 
is  not. a  safe  place  to  saunter  in.  South  street  is  more  comfortable.  Both 
streets  are  on  made  land,  far  out  from  the  boundaries  of  the  old  city. 

Pearl  street  was  the  early  thoroughfare  along  the  East  River.  It  was 
the  first  street  built  upon.  The  Colonists  were  timid  about  living  outside 
the  fort,  and  when  they  did  go  out  they  put  their  houses  between  it  and  a 
small  battery.  Thus  the  narrow,  dingy  part  of  Pearl  St. ,  between  State  and 
Whitehall  Sts.,  came  into  being.  It  was  gradually  extended  until  by 
devious  ways  it  reached  Broadway.  It  was  the  fashionable  street  for  years. 
Then  it  became  the  great  dry  goods  mart.  In  it  are  many  sites  of  historic 
interest.  On  the  corner  of  Whitehall  St. ,  where  the  big  United  States 
Military  Depot  is,  and  where  the  Produce  Exchange  used  to  be,  William 
Bradford  set  up  the  first  printing  press  seen  in  New  York,  in  April,  1693.  Just 
above  that  corner,  in  Whitehall  St. ,  the  first  church — Dutch  Reformed,  of 
course — was  built.  The  church  within  the  fort  was  a  later  structure. 
A  block  further — at  the  southeastern  corner  of  Pearl  and  Broad 
streets,  is  the  oldest  building  in  New  York.  It  has  been  somewhat  mod- 
ernized and  does  not  look  its  age.  It  was  originally  a  mansion  of  the  De 
Lancey  family.  Then  it  became  a  tavern,  and  has  remained  such.  In  it 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  organized  in  1768;  and  after  the  British 
evacuated  the  city  in  1783,  Washington  made  it  his  headquarters.  Here  he 
delivered  his  farewell  address  to  his  officers  on  December  4,  1783.  On  the 
upper  side  of  Pearl  St.,  at  the  head  of  Coenties  Slip,  you  find  the  site  of  the 
old  Stadt  Huys,  or  City  Hall, — built  in  1646  and  demolished  in  1699 — in 
which  the  first  Congress  of  Colonial  Delegates  was  held  in  1690 — called  by 
Jacob  Leisler  to  devise  means  to  repulse  the  French  and  Indians  who  were 
carrying  desolation  into  New  York  and  New  England.  In  the  middle  of 
the  next  block,  on  the  front  of  No.  90  Pearl  St.,  you  will  find  a  stone  re- 


8  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

cording  the  fact  that  there,  on  December  16,  1835,  a  fire  started  which 
burned  for  two  days,  and  destroyed  64S  buildings. 

The  old  Cotton  Exchange  stands  on  the  corner  of  Pearl  and  William 
Sts.,  facing  Hanover  Square,  and  also  its  grand  successor,  the  present 
Cotton  Exchange.  Walk  up  William  street  one  block  and  you  come  to 
Delmonico's  new  building  at  the  junction  of  William,  Beaver  and  Stone 
streets.  Here  you  may  refresh  yourself  and  make  a  brief  survey  of  the 
columns  from  Pompeii  that  support  the  front  portico.  The  big  edifice  op- 
posite you,  beyond  the  Cotton  Exchange,  is  that  of  the  Fanners'  Loan  and 
Trust  Co.  Next  to  it,  on  the  corner  of  William  street  and  Exchange  Place, 
is  the  Delaware  &  Lackawanna  Building.  Back  of  this,  facing  Exchange 
Place,  Hanover  street  and  Beaver  street,  is  the  Post  Building.  They  are 
three  magnificent  structures,  equipped  with  every  improvement.  The  dark 
mass  of  granite  known  as  the  Custom  House  now  confronts  you ;  and  it  is 
well  to  walk  up  to  Wall  street  and  view  its  proportions.  This  building  was 
erected  for  a  Merchants' Exchange  after  the  fire  of  1835,  which  swept  its 
site.  The  merchants  could  not  sustain  such  a  monster,  and  it  passed  into 
the  possession  of  the  United  States  Government.  It  will  probably  be 
abandoned  and  pulled  down  in  this  decade. 

In  Wall  street  you  are  in  the  midst  of  grand  buildings,  broad,  tower- 
ing, beautiful.  Look  to  the  west  and  you  are  delighted  with  the  appear- 
ance of  Trinity  Church  at  the  head  of  the  street.  Nearer  to  you  is  the 
Greek  temple  called  the  Sub-Treasury,  at  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau 
streets  and  at  the  head  of  Broad  street.  In  Broad  street,  just  below  Wall 
street,  is  the  main  entrance  to  the  Stock  Exchange  Building.  That  enor- 
mous pile,  the  Mills  Building,  where  Grover  Cleveland  has  his  law  office, 
is  opposite  the  Exchange.  Next  to  the  Mills  Building  is  the  Drexel  Build- 
ing, where  the  famous  banking  firm  of  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co.  has  its  offices. 

The  Sub-Treasury  is  probably  the  most  interesting  building  in  New 
York,  apart  from  the  interest  which  always  attaches  to  such  large  sums  of 
money  as  it  guards.  When  the  old  Stadt-Huys  at  Coenties  Slip  was  sold 
in  1699,  a  new  one  was  opened  here,  and  here  the  City  Hall  was  until  July 
4,  1809,  when  the  Board  of  Aldermen  first  met  in  the  present  building  in 
the  park.  In  the  building  erected  in  1699,  the  freedom  of  the  press  in  New 
York  was  established  through  the  acquittal  of  Peter  Zenger,  tried  for 
libel,  in  truthfully  criticising  Governor  Cosby,  in  the  New  York  Weekly 
Journal,  for  extorting  money  from  Rip  Van  Dorn.  The  trial  took  place 
in  1735,  and  the  jury  acted  in  disregard  of  the  advice  given  to  it  by  Chief 
Justice  DeLancey,  that  the  fact  that  a  published  statement  was  true  did 
not  excuse  its  writer  from  punishment  for  it  as  a  libel.  Here  was  held,  on 
October  7,  1765,  the  Colonial  Congress — consisting  of  delegates  from  New 
York,    Pennsylvania,   New  Jersey,   Delaware,   Maryland,   South  Carolina, 


A  TOUR   OF   NEW  YORK.  9 

North  Carolina,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut — which 
enunciated  the  doctrine  that  taxation  without  representation  was  tyranny, 
and  declared  that  the  Stamp  Act  and  all  like  measures  must  be  abandoned 
by  the  British  Government.  Here  sat  the  Provincial  Congress  which,  on 
April  20, 1776,  elected  delegates  to  attend  the  Colonial  Congress  in  Philadel- 
phia. Hither,  on  July  9,  1776,  rushed  the  people,  after  hearing  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence  read,  and  tore  down  and  destroyed  the  portrait  of 
George  III.,  with  all  the  other  insignia  of  royal  authority  that  were  in  the 
court  rooms. 

After  the  Revolutionary  War  the  City  Hall  was  set  apart  for  the  use 
of  the  new  Government  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Colonial  Congress 
met  in  it  from  1785  to  1790.  It  was  remodeled  in  1788  according  to  plans 
made  by  Major  L'Enfant,  the  French  officer  who  subsequently  laid  out  the 
city  of  Washington,  D.  C,  and  on  March  4,  1789,  the  first  Congress  of  the 
United  States  met  in  it.  But  the  roads  were  so  bad  that  it  was  not  until 
April  6  that  a  quorum  of  the  Congress  arrived.  On  that  day  the  Senate 
and  the  House  met  and  unanimously  elected  George  Washington  first  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States.  Standing  on  the  balcony  of  this  City  Hall,  on 
April  30,  1789,  Washington  took  the  oath  of  office  from  Chancellor  Living- 
ston. This  event  is  commemorated  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward's  bronze  statue  of 
Washington,  which  stands  in  front  of  the  Sub-Treasury,  and  by  a  stone  set 
in  a  small  platform  beneath  the  statue,  on  which  is  sculptured  a  statement 
that  the  first  President  stood  upon  it  when  he  was  inaugurated.  The  Fed- 
eral authorities  purchased  this  site  in  1812  and  erected  the  present  Doric 
edifice  for  a  Custom  House.  Many  stirring  scenes  have  been  witnessed 
here,  and  the  greatest  men  of  the  nation  have  addressed  meetings  from  the 
steps  of  the  present  building. 

Trinity  Church  now  claims  attention.  It  is  the  first  Protestant  Episco- 
pal Church  of  New  York.  The  service  of  the  Church  of  England  was  per- 
formed in  the  church  within  Fort  James  from  the  beginning  of  the  British 
occupancy.  The  Dutch  Reformed  services  were  held  in  the  same  building. 
Governor  Fletcher  was  extremely  anxious  to  establish  the  Episcopal  faith 
on  a  firm  foundation,  and  after  long  struggling  with  the  obstinate  Dutch- 
men of  the  Provincial  Assembly  he  succeeded.  Trinity  Parish  was  incor- 
porated in  1696,  but  the  price  of  its  incorporation  was  a  similar  privilege  to 
the  Dutch  Reformed  Church.  The  South  Dutch  Church  was  then  built  at 
the  corner  of  William  street  and  Garden  street,  now  Exchange  Place,  where 
the  Bank  of  the  State  of  New  York  is;  and  it  remained  fhere  until  that  site 
was  swept  over  by  the  great  fire  of  1835. 

Mention  must  be  made  of  the  Walton  House,  which  recalls  the  legend 
that  American  Independence  proceeded  from  that  mansion.  It  stood  in  Pearl 
St.,  or  Franklin  Square,  opposite  where  the  Harpers'  publishing-house  is.    It 


10  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

was  furnished  as  no  other  house  had  ever  been  in  the  colonies;  and  its  owner 
gave  entertainments  that  rivalled  in  magnificence  those  of  foreign  princes. 
The  report  of  these  festivities,  spread,  so  the  legend  runs,  to  the  ears  of 
British  Ministers,  and,  induced  by  them  to  believe  that  the  colonists  were 
opulent,  they  framed  the  obnoxious  tax  laws  that  caused  the  Revolution. 
The  Walton  House  was  used  as  a  tenement  until  about  fifteen  years  ago. 

Standing  at  Trinity  Church  you  may  look  down  Broadway  to  Bowling 
Green,  whence  you  came,  and  so  complete  the  circle  which  you  marked  out 
from  the  top  of  the  Produce  Exchange.  Between  the  Exchange  and  the 
church  are  several  places  of  interest.  The  Standard  Oil,  the  Welles  and 
the  Tower  Buildings  are  on  the  block  between  Beaver  and  Exchange 
Place,  the  Consolidated  Exchange  is  on  the  corner  of  the  latter  street,  and 
the  Union  Trust  Co's  structure,  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  city,  is  op- 
posite Rector  street.  The  Aldrich  Building,  on  the  western  side  of 
Broadway,  is  noteworthy  not  only  because  on  its  site  the  first 
houses  on  the  Island  of  Manhattan  were  built,  but  also  because  the 
Macomb  House  which  stood  there  was  the  presidential  home  of 
Washington  after  he  left  the  Franklin  House,  which  stood  on  the  brow  of 
Cherry  Hill,  about  where  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  crosses  Franklin  Square. 
To  the  big  building  at  the  corner  of  Rector  St.  below  Trinity,  a  peculiar 
interest  attaches  because  in  it,  about  a  year  ago,  an  insane  Boston  youth 
named  Norcross  tried  to  kill  Banker  Russell  Sage  with  a  bomb,  be- 
cause he  would  not  give  him  a  million  dollars,  and  only  succeeded  in  blow- 
ing himself  to  pieces,  killing  another  young  man,  and  injuring  several  per- 
sons, including  the  banker.  On  this  site  the  first  Lutheran  church  stood. 
Grace  Church  was  built  there  in  1808,  and  remained  until  1845,  when  it  was 
removed  to  Broadway  and  10th  street,  where  it  stands  in  as  good  a  situa- 
tion for  the  display  of  its  architectural  beauty  as  Trinity  has. 

New  Street,  which  is  cut  in  twain  by  Exchange  Place  is,  between  that 
street  and  Wall  Street,  one  of  the  noisiest,  and  certainly  one  of  the 
most  bustling  parts  of  the  city.  It  is  the  outlet  of  all  the  noise  made  by  the 
shouting  brokers  in  the  Stock  and  Consolidated  Exchanges.  In  Exchange 
Place,  just  below  New  Street,  happened  Jay  Gould's  greatest  downfall, 
when  big  Broker  Selover  picked  him  up  and  threw  him  into  a  cellar,  shock- 
ing him  and  shivering  the  stock  market  at  the  same  time. 

Broadway,  laid  out  on  the  ridge  that  runs  the  length  of  the  island, 
naturally  became  the  great  thoroughfare.  Even  in  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century  it  was  a  fashionable  promenade  below  Trinity,  and,  as  recently  as 
1810,  New  York's  Vanity  Fair  was  its  west  side  from  Cortlandt  St.  to  Bow- 
iing  Green.  The  Battery  and  City  Hall  Park  were  accounted  vulgar.  Vanity 
Fair  moved  as  high  as  Franklin  St.,  and  then  it  took  a  great  leap  to  Union 
Square.     The  afternoon  promenade  is   now,  as  it  has   been  for  some  years, 


A  TOUR   OF   NEW  YORK.  11 

between  Fourteenth  St.  and  Twenty-third.  Beyond  the  letter  is  the  new 
"Rialto,"  where  the  shaven  gentlemen  of  the  stage  sun  themselves.  The 
former  "Rialto"  of  south  Union  Square  has  lost  its  glory.  On  Sundays 
Fifth  Avenue  is,  of  course, "the  place, "although  many  "exclusives,"  disliking 
the  crush  in  that  avenue,  take  exercise  in  Madison  avenue,  above    59th  St. 

Lower  Broadway  is  not  a  place  for  promenading  in  the  day-time.  The 
people  who  frequent  it  are  rushing  after  pelf,  and  do  not  care  who  they  run 
over.  But  by  a  little  care  you  may  avoid  them,  and  see  all  the  places  of 
interest.  The  first,  after  Trinity,  is  the  Equitable  Building,  in  Broadway, 
and  Cedar,  Pine  and  Nassau  streets.  From  its  outside,  where  carts  are 
always  delivering  or  taking  on  bars  of  silver,  there  is  interest  everywhere 
in  this  structure.  The  seven-feet-high  colored  policeman  in  the  arcade  is 
not  less  attractive  than  Sergeant  Dunn  up  in  the  Weather  office  on  the 
roof.  Diagonally  across  Nassau  street  from  the  Equitable  is  the  immense 
Mutual  Life  Building.  Its  site  is  partly  that  of  the  old  Middle  Dutch 
Church,  which  was  a  prison  for  patriots  and  a  riding  school  for  British 
soldiers  during  the  Revolution.  Its  rear  portion  stands  where  the  old 
sugar-house  prison  was,  in  which  so  many  patriots  died  of  fever  or  brutal 
treatment.  The  old  church  was  abandoned  by  its  congregation  in  1844, 
and  the  United  States  Government  bought  it  and  used  it  as  the  General 
Post  Office  until  1877. 

Down  the  little  hill  in  Nassau  street,  a  block  from  the  Mutual  Life 
Building,  you  arrive  at  Maiden  Lane,  where  wholesale  and  retail  jewelers 
have  shops  and  stores.  A  block  further  is  John  street,  running  from  Broad- 
way to  Fulton  Ferry,  through  Burling  Slip.  It  descends  the  slope  of 
Golden  Hill,  where  a  fight  occurred  between  British  Soldiers  and  Sons  of 
Liberty  in  January,  1770,  which  was  the  first  battle  of  the  Revolution,  in- 
stead of  the  "Boston  Massacre,"  as  it  took  place  two  months  earlier  than 
the  "massacre."  On  the  brow  of  this  hill,  between  Nassau  and  William 
streets,  is  the  John  Street  Methodist  Church,  the  cradle  of  Methodism  in 
America.  Moved  by  the  energetic  expostulation  of  Barbara  Heck,  who  had 
known  him  when  he  was  an  eloquent  local  preacher  in  Ireland,  Philip 
Embury  tore  himself  away  from  the  fascination  of  gaming  and  pot-house 
society,  and  began  to  preach  salvation  to  the  Heck  family  in  his  own  house 
in  Barrack  St.  Others  joined  the  congregation,  and  services  were  held  in 
a  rigging-loft  at  No.  120  William  St.  There  Embury's  efforts  were  seconded 
by  Capt.  Webb,  of  the  British  Army,  a  stirring  one-eyed  exhorter.  Disciples 
came  in  numbers,  and  John  Street  Church  was  built  in  1768. 

Returning  to  Broadway  you  reach  St.  Paul's,  a  chapel  of  Trinity  parish, 
built  in  1766.  Washington  used  to  worship  here,  and  there  are  many  things 
about  the  church  to  recall  the  past.  The  tomb  and  memorial  of  Gen.  Rich- 
ard Montgomery,   the  hero  of  Quebec,  are   in  the  rear  wall  of  the  church, 


12  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

which  is  turned  to  Broadway.  Directly  opposite  the  church  are 
the  fine  Park  Bank  and  the  New  York  Herald  Building.  Barnum's 
Museum  used  to  stand  on  this  spot,  and  before  the  Revolution 
the  Sons  of  Liberty  had  their  headquarters  here.  The  Post  Office 
faces  The  Herald  Building  from  the  southern  end  of  City  Hall  Park. 
At  Beekman  St.  and  Park  Row  is  the  Potter  Building,  the  successor  of  a 
ramshackle  edifice  that  was  destroyed  by  fire,  with  the  lives  of  many  of  its 
occupants.  Across  from  it  in  Beekman  St.  is  Temple  Court,  and  on  Nassau 
St.  is  the  Morse  Building,  both  fine  buildings;  but  both,  and  also  the  Tribune 
Building,  at  Nassau  and  Spruce  Sts.,  are  eclipsed  by  the  beauty  of  the 
Times  Building.  Then  come  the  Sun  Building  and  the  Pulitzer  Building. 
The  Sun  Building  is  the  original  Tammany  Hall,  notable  because  within  its 
walls  happened  some  of  the  liveliest  political  scrimmages  that  have  taken 
place  in  New  York.  One  of  these  resulted  in  the  episode  out  of  which  grew 
the  Locofoco  Party.  Its  site  was  the  garden  of  Jacob  Leisler,  and  here 
that  believer  in  popular  suffrage  was  buried. 

Next  to  St.  Paul's  is  the  Astor  House,  now  the  oldest  hotel  in  the  city. 
It  was  built  in  1834.  A  book  could  be  written  about  the  interesting  things 
that  have  occurred  there.  At  Barclay  and  Church  streets,  back  of  the 
Astor  House,  is  the  first  Roman  Catholic  church  built  in  New  York — St. 
Peter's,  erected  in  1786.  Though  the  Dutch  were  tolerant,  excepting  to 
Quakers,  the  English  were  not.  It  was  not  until  after  the  Revolution  that  the 
Roman  Catholics  dared  to  worship  without  concealment.  As  late  as  1 741 
Mr.  Ury,  suspected  of  being  a  Popish  priest  and  to  have  incited  the  negro 
slaves  to  insurrection,  was  hanged  in  The  Fields,  of  which  the  City  Hall 
Park  was  a  part.  In  this  park  you  may  study  the  City  Hall — erected  be- 
tween 1803  and  1 81 2 — the  finest  specimen  of  its  style  of  architecture  in  this 
country,  and  the  relics  in  the  Governor's  Room  and  the  Mayor's  office.  You 
may  also  revive  your  patriotism  by  viewing  the  mock  temple  of  Diana  of 
Ephesus  which  stands  to  the  eastward  of  the  City  Hall,  and  recalling  the 
sufferings  of  the  patriots  who  were  confined  in  it  during  the  Revolution. 
Thousands  of  them  died  of  fever  or  starvation.  Brutal  Jailor  Cunningham 
was  really  merciful  to  the  hundreds  he  hanged.  This  temple  is  now  the 
Register's  Office.  In  the  Tweed  Ring  days  the  office  of  "Slippery  Dick" 
Connolly,  then  Comptroller,  was  in  it.  Among  the  daily  visitors  to  the  City 
Hall  are  men  who  stood  guard  over  the  safe  there  which  contained  over 
night  the  several  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  with  which  legislators 
were  bribed  to  vote  for  the  charter  that  for  several  years  enabled  the 
"Tweed  Ring"  to  keep  its  clutches  on  New  York,  despite  all  opposition. 
Back  of  the  City  Hall  is  the  composite  County  Court  House,  which,  under 
"the  ring,"  cost  more  than  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  Almost  at  the  eastern 
wall  of  the  Register's  office  is  the  entrance  to  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.     Morn- 


A  TOUR  OF  NEW  YORK.  13 

ing  and  evening  this  is  the  liveliest  part  of  New  York.  A  compact  mass  of 
people  pushing  to  their  work,  or  returning  to  their  homes,  then  occupies  it. 

You  have  now  reached  the  ultimate  limit  of  old  New  York.  Almost  up 
to  the  Revolution  a  stockade  stood  across  the  island  on  the  line  of  Cham- 
bers St.  It  was  put  up  in  1745.  One  of  its  block  houses  stood  where  the 
Stewart  Building  now  is.  In  this  structure  A.  T.  Stewart  carried  on  his 
great  wholesale  dry  goods  trade  from  1845  until  his  death.  It  is  now  occu- 
pied by  offices  of  the  city  government,  and  by  lawyers.  In  the  granite 
building  on  the  upper  opposite  corner  took  place,  in  1841,  one  of  the  famous 
tragedies  of  New  York.  It  was  the  murder  of  Adams  by  Colt,  who  tried  to 
hide  his  crime  by  packing  up  the  corpse  and  shipping  it  away.  Colt  was 
condemned  to  be  hanged.  On  the  morning  appointed  for  the  hanging  a 
fire  broke  out  in  the  Tombs  and  great  confusion  ensued.  A  riot  was 
threatened,  because  the  people  were  affected  by  the  belief  that  Colt  would 
get  away  during  the  fire,  which  they  believed  to  have  been  started  by  some 
persons  bribed  by  the  murderer's  rich  relatives.  The  Sheriff  certified  to  the 
hanging  of  Colt,  but  there  are  persons  still  alive  who  believe  that  a  corpse 
was  hanged,  and  that  the  murderer  got  away  to  live  in  exile.  At  Thomas 
St.,  three  blocks  north  of  Chambers  St.,  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  the 
great  Doctor's  Mob,  as  it  is  called,  did  its  rioting.  The  people  had  been 
wrought  up  to  frenzy  by  a  rumor  that  the  medical  students  of  the  New 
York  Hospital,  situated  on  a  hill,  since  levelled  to  open  Thomas  street,  were 
in  the  habit  of  robbing  graves  in  the  private  cemeteries.  They  attacked 
the  hospital  and  assaulted  the  students  and  physicians  on  April  13  and  14, 
1788.  The  military  were  called  out,  and,  after  Baron  Steuben  and  John 
Jay  had  been  hurt  with  stones,  they  fired  and  killed  a  number  of  the  rioters. 

This  neighborhood  also  recalls  two  locally  historic  murders.  Near  here 
was  the  tobacco  shop  of  John  Anderson,  to  which  the  great  attraction  for 
the  dandies  of  the  day  was  "  the  pretty  cigar  girl,"  Mary  Rogers,  whose 
murder  is  the  motive  of  Edgar  A.  Poe's  story,  "The  Mystery  of  Marie 
Roget."  In  Thomas  St.  the  equally  mysterious  killing  of  beautiful 
Helen  Jewett  took  place.  A  wealthy  young  man  named  Robinson  was 
tried  for  this  murder,  but  was  acquitted.  No.  346  Broadway,  at  the  corner 
of  Leonard  St.,  a  handsome  white  marble  building,  is  owned  and  occupied 
by  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company.  Between  this  point  and  Union 
Square  the  only  places  of  special  interest  in  Broadway  are  the  old  Brandreth 
House  at  Canal  St. — this  is  on  a  tract  of  six  acres  which  the  Lutheran 
Church  declined  to  accept  as  a  gift  in  1760,  because  "  it  would  never  be 
worth  the  cost  of  a  fence  " — the  Metropolitan  Hotel  and  Niblo's  Theatre  at 
Prince  St. ;  the  Broadway  Central  Hotel,  between  Bleecker  and  Third  streets, 
where  Edward  S.  Stokes  shot  "Jim"  Fisk,  Jay  Gould's  "wicked  partner;"  the 
New  York  Hotel,  famous  as  a  resort  for  Southerners;  A.  T.  Stewart's  for- 


14  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

mer  retail  store,  and  Grace  Church,  the  St.  Denis  Hotel,  and  the  Star 
Theatre,  where  Lester  Wallack  made  his  fame.  At  No.  31  Bond  St. ,  which  is 
directly  across  from  the  Broadway  Central  Hotel;  the  strange  murder  of  Dr. 
Burdell  took  place  in  1857,  and  back  of  the  New  York  Hotel  is  No.  10 
Washington  Place,  where  Commodore  Vanderbilt,  the  founder  of  the  family 
of  millionaires,  died.  Further  to  the  westward  is  Washington  Square,  for- 
— i»  merly  Potter's  Field.  On  its  eastern  upper  side  is  the  University  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  where  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  a  poor  portrait  painter, 
thought  out  the  principle  and  practice  of  telegraphy.  At  its  south  is  a  ser- 
ies of  handsome  edifices  known  as  the  Judson  Memorial  in  honor  of  Adon- 
iram  Judson,  America's  first  foreign  missionary.  In  these  buildings  are  a 
club-house,  gymnasium,  kindergarten,  apartment-house,  nursery,  and 
church.  This  institution  was  erected  by  subscription.  At  the  highest 
point  of  the  buildings  is  a  cross  which  is  illuminated  nightly.  On  the 
northern  side  of  the  park  are  the  homes  of  some  of  the  wealthiest,  conser- 
vative New  Yorkers.  Ex-Mayor  Cooper  occupies  the  fine  house  on  the 
eastern  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  opposite  the  park.  At  the  avenue  entrance 
to  the  park  is  the  Washington  Memorial  Arch,  recently  built  by  popular 
subscription. 

Walk  down  Leonard  St.  into  a  deep  depression,  and  there  on  the 
block  bounded  by  Leonard,  Elm,  Franklin  and  Centre  Sts.,  you  come 
upon  the  famous  Tombs,  or  City  Prison.  This  is  a  remarkable  example  of 
Egyptian  architecture,  and  if  placed  on  a  hill  would  be  an  ornament  to  the 
city.  It  is  built  on  the  filled-in  bed  of  a  pond  known  as  the  Collect,  which 
was  once  supposed  to  be  bottomless,  and  which  took  years  to  fill.  In  the 
Tombs  persons  awaiting  trial  or  indictment  are  confined.  From  the  early 
days  of  the  city  malefactors  were  hanged  on  an  island  in  the  Collect,  now  a 
part  of  the  Tombs  prison-yard.  On  the  upper  side  of  the  Tombs,  at  the 
corner  of  Franklin  and  Centre  Sts. ,  a  building  intended  to  accommodate 
the  criminal  courts  and  departments  of  the  city  government,  now  widely 
separated,  is  in  course  of  erection. 

Go  southward  from  the  Tombs  one  block,  to  Worth  St.,  and  then  east- 
ward another  block,  and  you  come  to  famous-  Baxter  St.  and  the  Five 
Points,  where  Worth,  Baxter  and  Park  streets  intersect.  The  Five  Points 
was  a  place  of  unexampled  crime  and  misery,  but  it  is  so  no  longer.  It  is 
by  no  means  purified,  yet  vice  does  not  stalk  here  as  you  might  suppose 
from  the  harrowing  tales  of  out-of-town  preachers  who  get  their  knowledge 
from  old  missionary  reports.  The  cutting  of  Worth  St.  through  the  Five 
Points  opened  the  district  to  a  current  of  purer  air,  and  made  a  thorough- 
fare for  decent  people,  whose  example  modified  the  manners  of  the  savages. 
The  Five  Points  Mission  and  the  House  of  Industry,  here  located,  have  also 
been  potent  factors  of  regeneration. 


A  TOUR   OF  NEW  YORK.  15 

You  may  turn  to  the  right  and  go  down  Baxter  St. ,  through  what  is 
known  as  "the  bay."  It  is  the  "old  clo'  "  district,  where  Hebrew  "pullers- 
in"  grab  you  to  drag  you  into  their  dismal  shops.  One  of  these  fellows 
killed  a  curiosity-seeker  on  Saturday,  Sept.  3.  because  he  resented  the  as- 
sault upon  him.  It  is  better  to  avoid  them  by  going  along  Park  St. 
to  Mott  St.  in  the  middle  of  the  Chinese  Quarter.  If  you  happen  here  on  a 
holiday  it  will  be  difficult  to  pass  through  the  crowds  of  "heathen."  Here 
are  stores  in  which  you  may  buy  anything  from  a  gaudy  banner  to  orna- 
ment your  room  to  shark's  fins  for  your  soup.  You  may  refresh  yourself 
with  Chinese  food  and  drink  in  any  one  of  several  restaurants.  You  may 
seek  Wong  Chin  Foo  or  Tom  Lee,  and  learn  who  the  "Mayor  of  China- 
town" is,  and  what  the  polity  of  the  town.  You  may  study  the  proclama- 
tions of  that  Mayor,  or  the  advertisements  of  his  constituents,  pasted  up  here 
and  there.  You  may  see  the  idols  in  the  several  Joss  houses.  And,  if  you 
have  the  proper  introduction,  you  may  play  fan-tan,  or  smoke  a  sickening 
first  pipe  of  opium. 

From  Chinatown  pass  through  Pell  St.  to  the  Bowery.  It  is  cosmo- 
politan now,  but  the  Jew  and  the  Italian  dominate,  whenever  the  ordinary 
street  ruffian  is  not  at  hand.  Its  peculiar  features  have  departed.  Mose  and 
Lize  have  left  no  progeny.  The  bright  b'hoy  who,  when  Thackeray  said  to 
him,  "I  want  to  go  to  Broadway," responded,  "Well,  why  don'tyou  go?"  has 
no  legitimate  successor.  Where  the  Bowery  Boys  sauntered  Chinamen 
amble,  and  hob-nailed  Italians  and  Oriental  Jews  stumble.  The  Bowery  is 
interesting  yet,  particularly  at  night.  But  it  is  also  repulsive.  It  is  nasty, 
with  the  nastiness  of  the  impudent  girl  just  beyond  the  border  of  vice,  the 
squalor  of  the  drunken  tramp,  the  filth  of  the  newly  arrived  immigrant  from 
Southern  and  Eastern  Europe.  It  is  dangerous  at  night  from  the  varied  lot 
of  desperate  thieves  who  seek  there  what  they  call  '  'life."  And  yet  the  level- 
headed sightseer  may  go  through  every  concert  saloon,  {"velvet  room'1  and 
"schooner  house,"  without  mishap.  The  personal  equation  enters  largely 
into  such  matters. 

Such  of  the  Dead  Rabbits  as  are  alive  are  engaged  in  coddling  the  ris- 
ing Italian  voters  to  assist  themselves  to  obtain  petty,  places  under  the  city 
government.  The  great  struggle  between  the  Dead  Rabbits,  of  the  central 
part  of  the  Sixth  Ward,  and  the  Bowery  Boys,  belonging  on  the  outer  line  of 
that  ward  or  in  the  Tenth  Ward,  across  the  Bowery,  took  place  here  on 
July  3  and  4,  1857.  Pistols,  rifles,  even  cannon,  were  used  by  the  combat- 
ants. Barricades  were  thrown  up.  The  struggle  went  on  in  the  Bowery 
and  Bayard  street,  and  in  Mott  and  Mulberry,  even  through  the  tenements 
of  Mulberry  Bend,  now  occupied  by  Italians.  The  police  were  powerless. 
The  new  Metropolitan,  and  the  old  municipal  police,  were  at  the 
time  fighting  for  possession  of  the  police  stations.     The  militia  were  called, 


16  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

and  finally  the  riot  was  stopped,  after  six  men  had  been  killed  and  a 
hundred  persons  injured  because  one  target  company  would  not  give 
precedence  to  another.  They  fought  for  very  little  in  those  days.  Every 
fire  alarm  that  brought  the  engines  to  Chatham  Square  hill  was  the  pre- 
liminary to  a  fight. 

Yet  if  there  is  anything  in  example  the  lower  part  of  the  Bowery  ought 
to  have  been  peaceful.  The  district  east  of  it  was  in  large  part  populated 
by  well-to-do  Quaker  families.  East  Broadway,  Henry,  Market,  Ludlow, 
Attorney — in  fact  nearly  all  the  streets  east  of  the  Bowery  and  north  of 
Cherry  street — were  lined  with  the  quiet  homes  of  prosperous,  cleanly  peo- 
ple. Now  the  district  swarms  with  Russians,  Poles  and  Jews,  who,  how- 
ever admirable  they  may  be  in  some  respects,  are  not  cleanly.  But,  as  a 
matter  of  comparison,  those  below  East  Broadway  are  cleaner  than  those 
above.  The  upper  section  is  Judea  proper.  Its  main  business  street  is 
Division  street.  As  you  pass  through  here  be  wary,  else  you  may  suddenly 
find  yourself  in  a  milliner's  shop,  surrounded  by  the  feminine  "touts,"  or 
"door-blowers,"  who  have  pulled  you  in,  each  exhibiting  a  high-colored  hat, 
and  insisting  upon  its  purchase.  The  street  is  almost  as  dangerous  as  Bax- 
ter. Farther  up,  in  Hester  street,  is  held  what  is  commonly  known  as  the 
"Goose  Market."  Here  the  Jewish  trading  is  done,  mainly  with  carts  and 
stands.     It  is  interesting,  but  dirty. 

Grand  street  is  the  busiest  street  on  the  east  side,  and,  from  the  char- 
acter of  its  stores,  as  well  as  from  the  contrasting  types  of  people  who  crowd 
it,  it  is  well  worth  some  study.  About  midway  between  the  Bowery  and 
the  river  in  Grand  street  is  the  old  Essex  Market,  and  behind  it  is  Ludlow 
Street  Jail,  where  persons  arrested  on  civil  processes  in  New  York  are  con- 
fined, and  also  all  United  States  prisoners  in  this  Federal  court  district.  It 
was  in  this  jail  that  William  M.  Tweed,  after  having  managed  the  various 
schemes  by  which  New  York's  taxpayers  were  robbed  of  about  $100,000,000, 
died  as  a  civil  prisoner. 

North  of  Grand  street  and  Judea  as  far  as  Fourteenth  street  the  popula- 
tion is  mainly  German.  Over  toward  the  river  it  is  mixed,  a  good  many 
Irish  being  there.  "Dry  Dock  Village"  reaches  from  Houston  street  to 
Fourteenth  street  and  from  Avenue  A  to  the  river,  taking  in  what  used  to 
be  known  as  Manhattan  Island  as  distinguished  from  the  Island  of  Manhat- 
tan. It  was  once  a  Native-American  district,  most  of  the  people  being  en- 
gaged in  pursuits  connected  with  ship  building.  But  the  glory  of  ship- 
building is  departed,  and  most  of  the  old  families  have  likewise  gone;  al- 
though there  are  yet  comfortable  small  houses  occupied  by  well-to-do  oid- 
timers.  Americans,  Irish,  Jews,  Bohemians,  all  fraternize  in  this  section, 
and  a  remarkable  blend  is  appearing.  Pork  and  beans,  hassenpfeffer,  and 
corned  beef  and  cabbage  are  equally  palatable  over  there. 


A  TOUR  OF   NEW  YORK.  IT 

Go  through  Seventh  street,  passing  along  the  lower  line  of  Tompkins 
Square,  and  you  move  through  the  section  in  which  socialists,  anarchists, 
and  shouters  about  the  rights  of  the  people  are  most  common.  The  saloons 
of  Seventh,  Sixth,  and  Fifth  Sts.  abound  with  them.  At  Second  avenue  you 
come  upon  what  was  a  home  for  the  rich  when  Fifth  avenue  was  parvenu. 
Ex-Senator  Evarts  lives  yet  on  the  corner  of  Second  avenue  and  14th  St., 
and  Ex-Governor  Hamilton  Fish  at  17th  St.  On  the  eastern  side  of  the 
avenue,  corner  of  Eleventh  St.,  is  the  building  of  the  New  York  Historical 
Society.  As  a  real  history  of  New  York  has  not  yet  been  written,  if  you 
desire  to  write  it  you  may  get  much  of  your  material  there.  Diagonally 
opposite  the  Historical  Society,  on  a  terrace  made  probably  by  a  change  of 
street  grade,  stands  St.  Mark's  Church.  It  is  Episcopalian,  but  was  estab- 
lished by  Governor  Peter  Stuyvesant  for  the  Dutch  Reformed  service  in 
1660.  For  years  it  was  the  only  church  on  the  island  above  the  city,  and  the 
people  of  Harlem  made  toilsome  journeys  to  it  each  week.  It  was  to  lessen 
the  discomforts  of  their  weekly  trips  that  in  1869  they  began  to  make 
the  road  which  is  now  Third  avenue.  They  completed  it  in  1672. 
One  block  to  the  westward  of  St.  Marks  is  the  Bible  House,  and  opposite 
it  in  the  angle  formed  by  Third  and  Fourth  avenues  and  Eighth  street 
is  the  Cooper  Institute,  founded  and  endowed  by  Peter  Cooper,  New 
York's  great  philanthropist — where  some  of  the  city's  most  successful 
and  worthy  citizens  have  procured  education  at  night,  after  working 
at  trades  during  the  day.  Facing  Cooper  Institute,  standing  at  the 
easterly  end  of  the  block  bounded  by  Broadway,  Eighth  St.,  Astor 
Place  and  Lafayette  Place,  is  the  new  building  of  the  Mercantile  Library 
Association.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  Astor  Place  Opera  House,  where, 
in  May,  1849,  the  friends  of  Edwin  Forrest,  the  American  actor,  mobbed 
the  English  actor,  Macready,  and,  while  trying  to  destroy  the  theatre,  were 
fired  upon  by  the  military.  The  rioters  fought  the  soldiers  for  a  time  and 
wounded  over  one  hundred  of  them.     A  number  of  persons  were  killed. 

Now  strike  into  Broadway  at  Eighth  street,  and,  going  down,  you  will 
pass  the  New  York  and  the  Broadway  Central  Hotels,  before  you  arrive  at 
Bleecker  street,  at  the  upper  side  of  what  used  to  be  known  as  Murderers' 
Block,  when  it  was  crowded  with  liquor-saloons,  concert-halls,  and  gambling- 
houses.  Harry  Hill's  famous  resort  was  at  the  rear  of  this  block.  Down 
Bleecker  and  Mulberry  streets,  and  you  come  to  Police  headquarters  and  the 
headquarters  of  the  Health  Department.  Keeping  on  down  Mulberry  St. , 
at  Prince  street  you  reach  the  rear  of  old  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  the 
second  Roman  Catholic  Church  built  in  New  York.  It  was  here  that  the 
celebrated  Archbishop  Hughes  delivered  his  earnest  addresses.  He  is 
buried  in  the  vaults  of  the  church,  as  are  also  Cardinal  McCloskey,  John 
Kelly,  the  famous  Tammany  Democrat,  and  many   other  persons   who   in 


f. 


18  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

life  were  of  importance  to  the  community.  Going  from  the  cathedral  to  the 
westward,  you  emerge  from  Prince  street  into  Broadway  at  the  Metro- 
politan Hotel. 

West  of  Broadway,  below  Fourteenth  St.,  there  are  few  points  of  historic 
interest.  The  stream  of  life  flowed  smoothly  far  over  in  Greenwich  village, 
which  was  a  pretty  Hudson  River  suburb  of  New  York  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary War,  and  long  afterward.  The  State  Prison  was  there.  Part  of 
it  yet  stands  as  Beadleston  &  Woerz's  Brewery,  at  West  Tenth  and  Wash- 
ington streets.  Vice  President  John  Adams  lived  there,  and  so  did  Gov. 
George  Clinton,  who  dated  his  messages  "  Greenwich,  near  New  York." 
Aaron  Burr  lived  there  at  the  time  he  fought  his  duel  with  Alexander 
Hamilton.  The  death  of  Hamilton  took  place  in  the  Bayard  house,  where 
Horatio   St.   now  runs.    But  it  is  difficult  to  locate  the  places  at  this  day. 

"  Africa  "  is  Thompson  and  Sullivan  streets  and  South  Fifth  avenue 
between  Prince  and  Canal  streets.  There  is  nothing  to  be  learned  from  a 
walk  through  the  district.  Unless  you  are  in  search  of  a  cheap  dinner,  a 
trip  through  the  French  Quarter,  north  of  Prince  street,  is  unsatisfactory. 
It  is  better  to  go  up  to  Fourteenth  St. ,  and  make  a  new  start.  Westward 
of  Broadway,  to  Sixth  avenue,  where  Macy's  well-known  store  stands,  Four- 
teenth street  is  always  thronged  with  shoppers  or  promenaders.  At  the  east- 
ward corner  of  this  street  and  Broadway  is  the  Union  Square  Theatre,  and 
beyond  Fourth  avenue,  on  the  upper  side  of  the  street,  is  Steinway  Hall. 
Around  the  corner  in  Irving  Place  is  Amberg's  Theatre.  At  Irving  Place 
and  Fourteenth  St.  is  the  Academy  of  Music,  and  next  to  it  is  Tammany 
Hall,  the  home  of  the  benevolent  Tammany  Society,  or  Columbian  Order, 
one  of  the  most  perfect  political  organizations  in  the  United  States.  Up 
Third  avenue,  and  down  Fifteenth  St.  one  block,  and  you  reach  Stuyvesant 
Square,  one  of  the  calmest  retreats  in  the  city.  It  is  a  gift  to  the  city  from 
one  of  old  Peter  Stuyvesant's  descendants,  and  its  neighborhood  is  saved 
by  restrictions  in  the  deed  of  gift  from  the  entrance  of  business  bustle.  In 
this  quiet  place  is  the  Friends'  Meeting  House  and  Seminary,  and  here  the 
calm,  practical  Quakers  from  all  over  the  country  gather  each  year,  in  May. 
They  are  a  quiet  power  in  New  York,  and  have  been  ever  since  they  were 
first  permitted  to  erect  a  meeting  house  in  Maiden  Lane.  They  now  sit  and 
worship  in  peace  in  a  square  named  after  the  Dutch  Governor,  who  used  to 
banish  their  co-religionists  from  New  York  after  having  them  beaten  and 
dragged  at  the  tails  of  carts.  If  peg-legged  Peter  Stuyvesant  was  harsh  to 
them,  his  sister  was  kind.  When  Robert  Hodgson,  on  February  16,  1657, 
after  having  been  beaten  and  dragged  at  a  cart's  tail,  was  put  at  hard  work 
with  a  wheelbarrow,  she  pleaded  for  him  and  procured  his  release. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  square,  corner  of  Sixteenth  street,  is  St.  George's 
Episcopal  church,  the   successor  of   the  St.   George's  which  was  built   at 


A  TOUR  OF  NEW  YORK.  19 

Beekman  and  Cliff  streets  in  1752  and  stood  there  for  more  than  a  hundred 
years.  Its  former  rector,  Dr.  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  was  a  famous  preacher 
and  organizer.  Its  present  rector  is  Dr.  W.  S.  Rainsford.  He  has  recently 
made  a  sensation  by  preaching  practically,  as  Hodge  sings, 

" — his  eyes  whoever  tries 

To  rob  a  poor  man  of  his  beer.'; 

Dr.  Rainsford  believes  that  club-rooms  should  be  provided  for  poor 
men,  where  they  could  get  beer  in  moderation,  as  well  as  mental  entertain- 
ment, and  that  by  them  men  would  be  weaned  from  grog-shops.  Dr. 
Rainsford  has  many  theories,  some  of  which  he  has  put  into  practice  with 
excellent  results.  He  has  established  a  parish  club,  a  gymnasium,  and 
classes  for  study;  and  at  service  he  has  thirty  women  singers  in  the  vested 
choir. 

A  brief  walk  up  Third  avenue  takes  you  to  East  Twentieth  St. ,  and 
then  it  is  only  a  step  further  to  Nos.  14  and  15  Gramercy  Park,  the  house 
built  by  Samuel  J.  Tilden  and  completed  only  a  short  time  before  his  death. 
The  club  house  of  The  Players,  presented  to  them  by  Edwin  Booth,  is  at 
No.  16.  Both  houses  are  on  the  south  side  of  Gramercy  Park,  a  private  pre- 
serve, around  which  are  also  the  houses  of  the  venerable  lawyer,  David 
Dudley  Field,  ex-Secretary  of  State  John  Bigelow,  and  the  late  Cyrus 
W.  Field.  Lexington  avenue  runs  up  from  the  park.  Abram  S.  Hewitt's 
house  is  No.  9  Lexington  Avenue.  His  father-in-law,  Peter  Cooper, 
used  to  live  there.  At  the  intersection  of  that  avenue  with  23d 
Street  is  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  maintained  as  a 
part  of  the  public  educational  system  of  the  city.  About  a  thousand  grad- 
uates of  the  public  schools  enter  this  college  annually.  On  the  southwestern 
corner  of  Fourth  avenue  and  Twenty-third  St.  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  which  is  equipped  with  everything  that 
can  be  procured  for  the  mental,  bodily,  and  spiritual  advantage  of  its  fre- 
quenters. On  the  upper  corner  is  the  Academy  of  Design,  where  tuition  in 
drawing  and  painting  is  given  free  to  whomsoever  shows  fitness  to  receive. 
The  American  Art  Association's  galleries  are  at  No.  6  East  23d  St. ,  near 
Broadway.  The  big  white  edifice  now  building  in  Madison  avenue  is  for 
the  Metropolitan  Insurance  Company,  and  is  intended  to  be  an  office  struc- 
ture much  like  those  down  town.  It  is  an  experiment,  and,  if  it  succeeds, 
will  prove  a  factor  in  a  change  of  business  affairs  and  methods.  In  Madison 
avenue,  just  beyond  this  building,  is  the  church  of  Dr.  Parkhurst,  whose 
name  is  familiar  in  the  city. 

You  are  now  in  Madison  Square,  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Every  throb 
here  sends  a  current  to  every  part  of  the  arterial  system  of  the  metropolis. 
Stand  at  the  sharp  angle   made  by  the  intersection  of  Broadway,  Fifth 


Y 

a 


20  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

avenue  and  Twenty-third  street,  if  the  crowd  is  not  too  pressing,  and  the 
big  policeman  near  by  is  complaisant  and  does  not  order  you  to  M  move  on. 
The  votaries  of  business  and  pleasure,  the  wealthy,  the  impoverished,  the 
good,  the  bad,  push  you  in  passing.  This  throng  is  not  called  here  any- 
thing extraordinary.  The  every-day  pursuits  of  its  constituents  bring 
them.  When  anything  out  of  the  common  moves  the  people,  this  square  is 
packed,  the  vestibules  and  corridors  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel  and  the 
Hoffman  House  -are  invaded,  23d  and  24th  streets  are  jammed  to  Sixth 
avenue,  and  through  neighboring  streets  rush  crowds  seeking  entrance  into 
the  square.  You  should  see  Madison  Square  on  election  night !  From 
your  stand  at  the  angle  you  may  see  the  Brunswick  Hotel  up  Fifth 
venue  at  26th  street.  Delmonico's  famous  restaurant  is  nearer  to 
you,  but  it  is  hidden  by  the  old  New  York  Club  house,  in  front  of 
which  stands  the  monument  to  Gen.  Worth.  Your  eye  may  travel 
as  far  up  as  33d  street,  where  Sixth  avenue  crosses  Broadway,  and  note  the 
many  theatres — the  Fifth  Avenue  and  Comedy  at  28th  and  29th  Sts.,  Daly's 
at  30th  St.,  Palmer's,  diagonally  opposite  Daly's,  and  the  Bijou,  oppo- 
site Palmer's — and  hotels  —  Fifth  Avenue,  Albemarle,  Hoffman,  Del- 
monico's, St.  James,  Victoria,  Coleman,  Sturtevant,  Gilsey,  Grand,  and 
Imperial.  Back  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  in  24th  street,  is  the  Madison 
Square  Theatre. 

Beyond  33d  Street  Broadway  winds  up  through  Longacre  Square  at 
43d  Street,  its  sides  being  lined  by  big  hotels — the  Marlborough,  Normandie, 
Gedney,  Vendome,  St.  Cloud,  Metropole  and  Barrett — and  theatres — the 
Park,  Broadway,  Casino,  and  Metropolitan  Opera  House.  Above  Longacre 
Square,  Broadway  has  not  yet  taken  on  a  business  character. 

Below  you,  in  Broadway,  north  of  Fourteenth  St.  are  the  great  bus- 
iness houses  of  Lord  &  Taylor,  Arnold  &  Constable,  Park  &  Tilford,  Tiffany, 
and  many  others  of  less  note.  On  this  stretch  also  are  the  Bartholdi 
Hotel  (23d  St.),  the  Bancroft  House  (21st  St.),  and  the  Continental  Hotel 
(20th  St.).  Turn  your  gaze  down  Fifth  avenue,  and  you  see  as  far  as  its 
beginning,  marked  by  glimpses  of  the  white  marble  of  the  Washington 
Memorial  Arch.  Along  this  avenue  are  grand  houses  of  wealthy  men  who 
have  not  yet  been  affected  by  the  pressure  northward  and  westward ;  among 
them  Vice-President  Morton,  August  Belmont,  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  Gen. 
Daniel  Butterfield,  and  John  Taylor  Johnston.  The  Brevoort  House,  a 
hostelry  much  patronized  by  wealthy  travelling  Englishmen,  is  at  Eighth 
street. 

Move  along  23d  street  to  the  westward.  Passing  the  corner  you  arrive 
in  front  of  the  building  occupied  by  the  Adams  Express  Company.  Here 
one  of  the  strangest  tragedies  of  New  York's  history  took  place  in  1870. 
Benjamin  Nathan,  a  banker,  and  a  member  of  a  Jewish   family   which   had 


A  TOUR   OF   NEW  YORK.  21 

been  prominently  identified  with  the  business  life  of  New  York  for  more 
than  a  century,  was  murdered  for  his  money.  The  murderer  has  never 
been  identified.  Police  Superintendent  Jordan  died  soon  after  the  murder, 
and  it  is  a  common  belief  that  his  death  was  the  result  of  chagrin  caused 
by  his  inability  to  bring  the  assassin  to  punishment.  On  both  sides  of  this 
block  are  big  retail  business  houses.  The  Eden  Musee  is  on  the  upper 
side,  and  just  west  of  it  is  the  Masonic  Temple.  Twenty-third  street 
is  becoming  a  great  business  street.  It  marks  the  limitation  between  the 
day-light  shopping  traffic  to  the  great  retail  business  houses  of  Stern  Brothers, 
Altman,  O'Neill,  Simpson,  Crawford  &  Simpson,  Ehrichs,  and  their  smaller 
competitors,  in  it  and  in  Sixth  ave.  below  it,  and  the  after-dark  traffic  in  vice 
that  is  peculiar  to  Sixth  avenue  above  it.  The  district  bounded  by  Broad- 
way, 23d  St.,  Seventh  avenue  and  34th  St.,  is  what  is  known  as  "The 
Tenderloin."  It  is  also  locally  known  as  "  The  Burnt  District"  and  the 
"Lava  Beds."  Thus  variously  baptized,  it  is  the  working-place  and  tht, 
amusement  resort  of  thieves,  gamblers,  "loose"  women,  and  "fast,"  fools 
in  search  of  novelty,  and  some  students  of  human  nature.  If  you  class 
yourself  as  a  student  you  may  venture  through  it  about  midnight,  and  pick 
up  whatever  knowledge  is  lying  around. 

You  had  better  continue  through  Twenty-third  street,  passing 
Koster  &  Bial's,  Proctor's  Theatre  and  the  big  Chelsea  Apartment  House, 
until  you  reach  the  Grand  Opera  House  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Eighth 
avenue,  built  by  S.  N.  Pike,  a  millionaire,  for  the  production  of  Italian 
opera.  It  was  not  a  success,  and  "  Jim  "  Fisk  bought  it  on  account  of  the 
Erie  Railway  Company,  whose  offices  he  moved  to  it.  Here  he  and  Jay 
Gould  sustained  a  siege  carried  on  by  their  opponents  having  interests  in 
the  railway  company.  While  the  siege  was  in  progress,  Fisk  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  gang  of  the  worst  criminals  ever  gathered  in  New  York. 
They  were  for  his  "  protection,"  but  the  sand-bagging  of  at  least  one  law- 
yer opposed  to  him  (Dorman  B.  Eaton)  suggested  that  they  were  also  for 
aggression.  In  the  Grand  Opera  House,  Fisk  carried  on  opera  bouffe  on  a 
grand  scale  at  the  expense  of  the  railway  company.  The  woman  * '  Josie  " 
Mansfield  who  caused  the  feud  that  ended  in  the  killing  of  Fisk,  lived  in 
a  handsome  house,  set  back  from  the  street,  a  short  distance  to  the  west- 
ward of  the  Grand  Opera  House.  Mrs.  Langtry  afterwards  lived  there  for 
several  years. 

You  are  now  in  the  old  village  of  Chelsea.  Opening  from  Ninth  ave- 
nue, between  20th  and  21st  streets,  is  Chelsea  Square,  the  picturesque  site 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Seminary.  This  section  was  originally  the 
farm  of  Clement  C.  Moore,  author  of  the  poem  "  The  Night  Before  Christ- 
mas." He  was  tempted  to  abandon  it  because  it  was  so  far  from  the  city, 
in  the  early  part  of  this  century,  but  was  induced  to  cut  it  up  into  lots,  and 


23  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

establish  a  stage  route.  Soon  the  farm  which  he  had  been  pestered  with 
brought  him  millions. 

Eighth  avenue  is  now  a  fine  business  street  between  23d  and  59th  Sts. 
The  traffic  and  trade  on  it  has  been  much  increased  by  the  asphalt  pave- 
ment recently  laid.  In  this  street  the  "  Orange  Riot "  of  July  12,  1S71,  took 
place.  Catholic  Irishmen  threatened  and  undertook  to  prevent  the  Irish 
Orangemen  from  celebrating  the  anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne. 
Police  and  militia  surrounded  the  Orangemen,  and  they  paraded  down  the 
avenue.  Between  25th  and  26th  streets  they  were  fired  upon  from  the 
windows  and  housetops,  as  well  as  from  the  sidewalks.  The  militia  fired 
volleys  in  return.  Forty  persons  were  killed  and  about  two  hundred  were 
wounded. 

The  neighborhood  of  59th  St. ,  west,  was  formerly  known  as  Harsen- 
ville,  but  the  public  memory  of  that  name,  like  that  of  Lancaster,  once 
given  to  Harlem,  has  faded.  The  record  of  them  is  only  in  old  documents. 
From  about  70th  St.  up  to  One-hundredth  was  Bloomingdale,  the  memory 
of  which  is  preserved  by  the  Bloomingdale  Asylum,  at  117th  St.,  and  the 
Boulevard,  which  is  soon  to  be  replaced  by  the  buildings  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege now  at  Park  avenue  and  50th  street.  Where  the  Leake  &  Watts' 
Orphan  Asylum  now  is,  at  111th  St.  west  of  Morningside  avenue,  the  great 
Protestant  Episcopal  Cathedral  is  to  be  built,  commanding  a  view  from 
this  eminence  over  the  lower  part  of  the  annexed  district,  and  the  Harlem 
and  East  Rivers,  to  the  low  hills  of  Long  Island.  The  plain  lying  north  of 
Central  Park  is  the  scene  of  the  battle  of  Harlem  in  1776,  when  Washington 
was  in  retreat  to  New  Jersey.  The  principal  avenue  on  that  plain  west  of 
Third  avenue,  is  Seventh,  a  great  resort  for  pleasure-drivers  who  cannot 
get  enough  exercise  in  Central  Park.  The  great  piles  of  masonry  you  note 
on  the  western  side  of  Central  Park,  and  those  beyond  its  foliage,  are  apart- 
ment houses  at  Eighth  avenue  and  59th  street — the  San  Remo,  Dakota, 
and  the  Navarro  Flats. 

These  apartments  are  typical  of  the  more  sumptuous  sort.  The  rapid 
multiplication  of  flats  in  New  York  within  the  last  few  years  is  the  outcome 
of  the  high  price  of  land  and  the  insufficient  supply  of  domestic  servants. 
Practically  there  are  two  types  of  these  structures  and  many  discriminate 
between  them  by  styling  one  class  "apartments"  the  other  "flats."  By  the 
former  are  understood  those  tenements  in  which  no  cooking  or  laundry 
work  is  permitted  to  the  tenant.  Apartments  have  either  a  common 
kitchen,  or  a  restaurant;  and  all  the  tenants  form  one  community.  In  flats 
each  suite  of  rooms  is  fitted  up  with  all  the  conveniences  necessary  for 
housekeeping  and  there  is  no  co-operation  between  the  tenants.  Some  apart- 
ment houses  are  owned  by  the  occupants  who  contribute  to  its  maintenance. 
Others  are  owned  by  a  person  or  corporation,  by  whom  all  expenses  and 


A  TOUR  OF   NEW  YORK.  23 

cares  of  keeping  the  building  up  are  assumed  and  to  whom  the  tenants  pay- 
rent  in  return  for  rooms,  heat,  light,  domestic  service,  meals,  etc.  Prac- 
tically these  apartments  differ  from  hotels,  only  in  that  they  do  not  take 
transients  and  that  the  guests  furnish  and  lease  their  quarters  for  a  long 
term.  In  both  types  of  tenements  there  is  often  great  luxury  of  equipment 
and  there  are  alway  mechanical  conveniences,  such  as  elevators,  electric 
door  openers,  speaking  tubes,  electric  bells,  dumb  waiters,  etc. 

Up  the  Morningside  Drive,  and  through  West  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-second  street,  you  reach  the  beautiful  Riverside  Drive  and 
Park  at  Gen.  Grant's  Tomb.  A  short  distance  beyond  the  tomb  is  a  hos- 
telry known  as  The  Clermont.  The  building  dates  from  pre-revolutionary 
times.  Here  a  charming  view  of  the  Palisades  and  the  Hudson  greets  you. 
In  the  city  below  is  the  section  generally  known  as  Manhattanville.  The 
hill  fronting  you  is  the  ascent  to  Washington  Heights.  The  Convent  of 
the  Sacred  Heart  is  on  its  right  slope — a  picturesque  spot,  and  an  admirable 
educational  institution. 

Washington  Heights  is  the  ground  on  which  Washington  lingered  with 
his  troops  after  the  evacuation  of  New  York  in  1776.  Its  historical  features 
are  too  many  for  recital  here. 

A  place  rilled  with  reminiscences  is  "The  Grange,"  at  141st  St.  and 
Tenth  avenue.  It  was  built  by  Alexander  Hamilton  for  a  country-home, 
and  was  modelled  and  named  after  his  ancestral  place  in  Scotland.  From 
here  he  went  to  fight  his  duel  with  Aaron  Burr  at  Weehawken,  on  July  11, 
1804.  Twelve  of  the  13  trees  which  he  planted  to  commemorate  the  foun- 
dation of  our  government  are  yet  standing.  It  is  strange  how  Hamilton 
and  Burr  always  become  associated!  The  Jumel  House,  as  it  is  now 
known,  is  so  named,  because  it  was  the  property  of  Madame  Jumel,  who 
became  the  wife  of  Burr,  after  he  had  killed  Hamilton.  She  was  divorced 
from  him.  The  house  is  on  the  bluff  overlooking  the  Harlem  River  at  161st 
St.  and  St.  Nicholas  avenue.  It  was  originally  the  "Roger  Morris  Man- 
sion," having  been  built  by  Col.  Morris,  the  husband  of  Mary  Philipsse,  the 
pretty  New  York  aristocrat  to  whose  hand  Washington  is  said  once  to  have 
aspired.  It  was  the  headquarters  of  Washington  while  his  army  was  on  the 
heights.  Above  this  mansion  are  the  High  Bridge,  carrrying  the  original 
Croton  Aqueduct,  and  the  new  Washington  Bridge.  Beyond  them  is  Fort 
George,  once  a  British  redoubt,  now  a  pleasure  resort,  visited  by  thousands 
every  fine  day.  A  beautiful  view  of  the  Harlem,  Spuyten  Duyvil,  and 
Hudson  may  be  had  here.  Under  the  bluff  are  the  former  villages  of 
Spuyten  Duyvil  and  King's  Bridge.  On  the  Hudson  River  side  of  the 
Heights  are  Tubby  Hook,  Inwood,  and  Carmansville.  On  the  Heights  are 
several  institutions,  the  principal  being  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  the 
Isabella  Home  for  the  Aged,  founded  by  Mrs.  Ottendorfer,  wife  of  the  pro- 


24  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

prietor  of  the  German  newspaper,  the  Staats  Zeitung,  and  the  Asylum  for 
the  Reformation  of  Juvenile  Delinquents. 

Fifth  avenue  above  23rd  St.  is  the  great  centre  of  fashionable  life.  On 
both  sides  of  it  the  streets  are  built  up  with  mansions  which  make  the 
passer-by  wonder  that  there  are  so  many  well-to  do  families  in  one  city. 
Churches  and  Club-houses  are  numerous  along  its  line.  Just  around  the 
corner  from  it,  in  East  29th  street,  is  the  picturesque  "Little  Church- Around- 
the-Corner."  At  34th  St.  and  Fifth  avenue  is  the  Manhattan  Club,  lux- 
uriously established  in  the  white-marble  palace  built  by  A.  T.  Stewart. 
For  years  after  its  completion  this  palace  was  unoccupied.  Mr.  Stewart 
lived  opposite  it  on  the  north-east  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  34th  St.  He 
admired  it  daily,  it  is  said,  but  feared  to  move  into  it;  and  he  probably 
never  would  have  lived  in  it  but  for  two  of  his  servants  taking  small-pox, 
so  that  his  old  house  had  to  be  quarantined.  He  lived  in  the  marble  palace 
only  a  short  time. 

Murray  Hill,  so  long  famous  as  the  seat  of  New  York's  fashionable  life, 
is  the  high  ground  to  the  eastward  of  the  Manhattan  Club.  There,  on  an 
estate  known  as  Inclenberg,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  War, 
lived  the  Quaker  Murray  family.  When  Washington  retreated  from  New 
York,  Putnam  was  slow  of  movement  and  his  division  seemed  likely  to  be 
cut  off  by  the  massing  of  the  British  troops  across  the  present  Third  avenue. 
Guided  by  Aaron  Burr  he  moved  to  the  westward  and  along  a  road  about 
on  a  line  with  Broadway.  Mrs.  Murray  was  in  sympathy  with  the  patriots. 
Informed  of  Putnam's  plight,  she  treated  the  British  officers  with  a  hospi- 
tality that  engaged  their  entire  attention;  and  Putnam  joined  Washington. 
Lindley  Murray,  the  grammarian,  was  a  son  of  this  lady. 

On  the  southwestern  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  34th  St.  is  the  Astor 
mansion,  and  on  the  corner  below  is  the  Hotel  Waldorf,  which  ex-Minister 
W.  W.  Astor  is  building.  Now  come,  in  succession,  Col.  Ingersoll's 
home  (No.  400  Fifth  Avenue),  the  Union  League  club  house  (39th  St.),  the 
Windsor  Hotel  (46th  St.),  the  Buckingham  Hotel  (50th  St.),  and  St.  Patrick's 
Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  (51st  St.)  Diagonally  opposite  the  Cathedral  are 
the  connected  houses  built  by  the  late  Wm.  H.  Vanderbilt  for  himself  and 
his  married  daughters,  the  wives  of  Col.  Elliott  F.  Shepard  and  Wm.  D. 
Sloane.  W.  K.  Vanderbilt's  house  is  No.  660  Fifth  Avenue,  between  52nd 
and  53rd  Streets.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  is  building  a  ball  room  on  the 
avenue,  at  the  rear  of  his  house,  on  West  57th  St.,  which  will  probably 
excel  any  other  in  the  country. 

Within  a  radius  of  a  few  hundred  feet  live  men  known  all  over  the 
United  States.  Chauncey  M.  Depew's  house  is  No.  43  West  54th  St.,  and 
John  D.  Rockefeller's  is  No.  4  of  the  same  street.  C.  P.  Huntington  is 
building  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  54th  St.     Archbishop 


A  TOUR  OF  NEW  YORK.  25 

Corrigan's  palace  is  in  Madison  Avenue,  at  the  rear  of  the  cathedral. 
Opposite  to  it  is  the  mansion  built  by  Henry  Villard,  before  he  went  down 
financially,  when  the  Northern  Pacific  dropped  in  value.  This  is,  in  part, 
occupied  by  Whitelaw  Reid,  the  Republican  candidate  for  the  Vice-Presi- 
dency of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Villard  now  lives  at  No.  17  West  58th  St. 
Jay  Gould  lives  at  No.  579  Fifth  Avenue;  at  47th  St.,  and  on  the  west  side 
of  the  avenue,  next  to  the  Hotel  Bristol,  which  is  at  the  corner  of 
42nd  Street,  is  the  home  of  his  old  Wall  Street  associate,  Russell  Sage. 
Ex-Secretary  B.  H.  Bristow  lives  in  the  hotel  Buckingham,  at  the  corner  of 
50th  St. ,  Ex-Congressman  John  Fox  lives  next  door  to  that  Hotel  in  East 
50th  St.,  and  Ex-Governor  George  Hoadley  of  Ohio,  at  No.  33  of  the  same 
street.  Rev.  Dr.  John  Hall's  residence  is  next  to  his  church — No.  712  Fifth 
Avenue  ;  Ex-Secretary  Wm.  C.  Whitney's  magnificent  home  is  No.  2  West 
57th  St.  Bishop  Potter's  less  luxurious  one  is  No.  160  West  59th  St. 
The  house  in  which  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  lived  is  No.  3  East  66th  St. 

The  plaza  at  59th  St.  is  bounded  by  immense  hotels,  of  which  only  the 
Plaza  and  Savoy  are  open.  The  eastern  entrance  to  Central  Park  opens 
from  this  plaza,  and  this  fact  has  diverted  to  the  west  a  certain  part  of  the 
population  that  would  otherwise  have  gone  straight  up  Fifth  avenue.  But 
the  upper  avenue  is  building  up  steadily  with  fine  houses  and  institu- 
tions. 

On  the  right  of  the  park  entrance,  at  60th  St.  and  Fifth  avenue,  is 
building  the  house  of  the  new  Metropolitan  Club,  popularly  known  as  the 
"Millionaires'  Club."  At  63d  street  is  the  Progress  Club,  a  Hebrew  social 
organization,  in  whose  house  is  a  ball-room  said  to  be  the  finest  in  New 
York.  Entering  the  park,  and  keeping  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  great 
East  Drive,  you  will  see  New  York's  finest  equipages  in  procession,  and,  if 
they  do  not  fully  occupy  your  attention,  you  may  view  the  Lenox  Library  at 
70th  St. ,  and  the  Temple  Beth-El,  an  ornate  synagogue  at  76th  St. 

Passing  the  park  menagerie,  at  the  East  64th  St.  entrance,  keep  on  until 
you  arrive  at  the  Mall,  in  front  of  the  entrance  to  which  is  a  plaza,  through 
which  carriages  from  the  west  side  and  the  Middle  Drive  reach  the  more 
fashionable  East  Drive.  Go  through  the  Mall,  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
walks  in  the  world,  until  you  reach  its  end  and  get  the  view  from  the  ter- 
race over  the  lake.  From  the  Mall,  ascend  the  steps  at  the  south  and  right 
of  its  exit,  and  you  will  find  yourself  in  front  of  one  of  the  most  popular 
places  in  the  park — the  Casino — where  you  may  have  as  good  a  meal  as  can 
be  procured  in  New  York.  At  the  foot  of  the  eminence  on  which  the  Casino 
stands,  you  reach  the  East  Drive  again.  By  continuing  along  its  eastern 
side,  you  come,  at  82d  St.,  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art.  You  may 
profitably  pass  a  long  time  here.  Admission  is  free,  excepting  on  Monday 
and  Tuesday. 


26  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Opposite  the  museum,  and  at  the  side  of  the  smaller  Croton  Reservoir, 
is  the  Obelisk,  a  monolith  that,  quarried  at  Syene,  in  Nubia,  stood  at  the 
entrance  to  the  Temple  of  the  Sun,  in  Heliopolis,  before  the  time  of  Moses. 
Moved  from  there  by  the  Romans,  in  the  time  of  Augustus,  the  second  de- 
cade before  Christ,  and  set  up  in  Alexandria,  it  remained  there  until  1879, 
when  the  Khedive  of  Egypt  presented  it  to  this  city.  It  was  safely  trans- 
ported hither,  at  the  expense  of  the  late  William  H.  Vanderbilt,  by  the  re- 
markable engineering  skill  of  Commander  H.  H.  Gorringe,  of  the  United 
States  Navy.  It  is  69  feet  2  inches  in  height,  and  weighs  220  tons.  The 
inscriptions  on  its  sides  mainly  record  the  titles  of  three  Kings  of  Egypt. 

North  of  the  Obelisk,  the  only  places  of  interest  in  the  park,  exclusive 
of  the  walks  and  drives,  are  McGown's  Pass  Tavern,  a  restaurant  at  the 
side  of  a  defile  through  which  the  patriots  retreated  from  the  city  in  1776, 
and  an  old  earthwork.  Turn  back  to  the  road  just  south  of  the  reservoir. 
It  will  take  you  to  the  westward,  across  the  park,  to  the  exit  at  78th  St., 
opposite  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Manhattan  Square. 
And  there  you  may  spend  much  time  to  advantage.     Admission  is  free. 

One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  street  is  only  a  few  minutes'  ride  from 
the  Museum  by  an  elevated  railroad  train,  which  you  may  board  at  the  81st 
street  station,  three  blocks  away.  As  you  go  up  town  you  will  have  a  view 
of  Central  Park,  of  the  rugged  beauty  of  Morningside  Park,  and  of  the  bat- 
tlemented  heights  of  the  Riverside  section.  From  the  abutments  of  these 
heights  broad  streets  run  to  the  East  River,  across  Harlem  plain,  and  over 
the  alluvial  meadows,  which,  by  their  richness,  first  attracted  settlers  to 
found  the  village  of  Nieuw  Haarlem,  in  1636.  The  houses  on  the  western 
plain  are  handsome  structures.  On  the  meadows,  now  stigmatized  and  con- 
demned as  "the  Harlem  flats,"  they  are  common  tenements.  A  consider- 
able portion  of  the  "flats"  in  the  neighborhood  of  110th  St.  and  Second 
avenue  is  populated  by  Italians.  It  is  known  as  "Little  Italy,"  and  its  in- 
habitants are  as  deft  and  as  habitual  in  the  use  of  the  stiletto  as  some  of 
their  compatriots  of  Mulberry  Bend  and  Crosby  street. 

One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  street  is  the  great  thoroughfare  of  Har- 
lem. Day  and  night  it  is  crowded.  Big  business  buildings  and  apartment 
houses  have  driven  out  the  villas  that  only  a  few  years  ago  lined  it,  and 
now  the  residents  of  Harlem  have  no  need  to  go  down  to  the  marts  of  Sixth 
avenue  and  Fourteenth  and  Twenty-third  streets.  What  they  cannot  pur- 
chase in  One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  street  they  can  in  Third  avenue, 
whose  Harlem  section  has  many  of  the  characteristics  of  Grand  Street. 

Seventh  avenue  is  the  Harlem  thoroughfare  by  which  most  of  the 
people  who  own,  or  can  hire,  horses,  reach  the  drives  of  the  Annexed  Dis- 
trict, as  that  part  of  the  city  and  county  beyond  the  Harlem  River,  which 
formerly  was  part   of  Westchester   County,   is  known.     Every   afternoon 


A  TOUR  OF  NEW  YORK.  27 

people  from  all  over  the  city  gather  on  the  walks  of  this  avenue,  from  Cen- 
tral Park  to  the  Macomb's  Dam  Bridge  at  155th  St.,  to  see  the  handsome 
equipages,  or  watch  the  trials  of  speed  between  trotters  which  are  occasion- 
ally engaged  in  when  a  mounted  policeman  is  not  near-by. 

Above  Macomb's  Dam  Bridge  is  Jerome,  or  Central,  avenue,  a  broad 
thoroughfare,  as  yet  very  sparsely  built  upon.  This  will  take  you  direct  to 
the  old  race  course,  Jerome  Park,  and,  beyond  that  point,  alongside  Wood- 
lawn  Cemetery — which  is  well  worth  a  visit,  and  which  may  also  be  reached 
by  way  of  the  Harlem  Railroad  from  the  Grand  Central  station  at  426.  St. 
and  Fourth  Avenue — and  through  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  where  the  local 
militia  have  their  reviews  and  sham  battles,  to  the  city  line  at  Yonkers. 
From  Central  Park  up  St.  Nicholas  avenue,  Kingsbridge  Road  and  Broad- 
way, along  the  western  side  of  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  is  also  a  fine  drive.  Re- 
turning, you  might  strike  over  to  the  road  along  the  Hudson,  follow  it 
down  to  Spuyten  Duyvil,  and  cross  that  creek  to  Sedgwick  avenue,  which 
would  take  you  on  a  line  with  the  Harlem  River — giving  you  a  view  of  the 
wooded  bluffs  of  Washington  Heights,  and  the  picturesque  site  of  the 
projected  Highbridge  Park — to  the  Washington  Bridge.  Thence  go 
through  181st  street  and  the  Boulevard,  near  the  river,  to  Audubon  Park 
and  the  beautiful  Trinity  Cemetery  at  155th  street.  Audubon  Park  is  a 
number  of  handsome  villas  on  the  site  of  the  estate  of- Audubon,  the  natur- 
alist, who  died  there  in  1851.  In  Trinity  Cemetery  are  the  vaults  of  the 
Astors  and  other  old  New  York  families. 

On  your  return,  up  near  the  Yonkers  line,  you  may  visit  the  spacious 
grounds  of  the  Academy  of  Mount  St.  Vincent,  an  educational  institution 
known  all  over  the  United  States.  It  is  conducted  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity. 
This  estate  formerly  belonged  to  Edwin  Forrest,  the  tragedian,  and  a 
castle  which  he  built  and  called  Fonthill,  but  which  was  generally  known 
as  "  Forrest's  Folly,"  stands  in  front  of  the  school  buildings,  commanding 
an  enchanting  view  of  the  Hudson.  Clara  Morris,  the  emotional  actress, 
has  a  villa  to  the  north  of  Mount  St.  Vincent.  In  the  course  of  this  drive 
you  would  pass  through  the  places  known  as  Kingsbridge,  Mosholu,  River- 
dale,  Spuyten  Duyvil  and  Fordham  Heights. 

On  the  eastern  side  of  the  Annexed  District  there  are  many  pleasant 
places  to  visit.  The  big  Crotona  and  Bronx  Parks  are  there,  and  beyond 
the  latter,  across  the  Bronx  River,  which  is  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
city,  above  the  Harlem  River,  are  the  new  Morris  Park  race  course,  and 
Pelham  Park  on  the  Sound.  In  this  eastern  part  of  the  Annexed  District 
lie  the  old  villages  whose  names  are  yet  in  common  use — Mott  Haven,  Mor- 
risania,  Melrose,  Tremont,  Fordham,  and  Williamsbridge.  The  last-named 
is  a  pretty  village,  lying  partly  in  New  York  and  partly  in  Westchester, 
being  divided  by  the  Bronx  River.     It    is  a  Sunday  resort  for  French 


28  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

people,  and  there  are  several  restaurants  where  good  dinners,  in  the  open 
air,  may  be  procured. 

In  a  general  way  the  city,  its  history,  and  special  features  are  here 
spread  out  before  the  visitor.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  determine 
what  places  might  be  visited  in  one  day.  Personally-conducted  trips  are 
rarely  satisfactory.  Only  the  geographical  relation  of  places  of  interest  to 
one  another  is  detailed;  and  the  visitor  is  left  to  walk  or  ride,  to  hasten  or 
be  leisurely,  as  the  mood  may  be. 


INDOOR  /rMUSEJVIENTS. 


Theatres — Opera   Houses  —  Music  Halls  — Character  of  the   Entertain- 
ment in  Each  —  Cost  of  Admission. 


More  than  40  theatres  representing  the  drama  in  all  its  forms,  and  all 
varieties  of  stage  entertainments,  are  open  in  New  York  in  the  Autumn  and 
Winter.  In  music  New  York  has  long  taken  the  lead  of  London  and  Paris. 
New  works  of  modern  composers  are  presented  here  before  they  are  heard 
in  the  great  European  capitals.  The  splendid  orchestras  of  the  Philhar- 
monic and  Symphony  societies  are  not  surpassed  anywhere,  and  are  scarcely 
equaled  even  in  Germany.  The  musical  taste  of  New  York  is  for  the  best. 
That  is  to  say,  there  are  enough  people  of  sound  musical  taste  in  the  city  to 
make  the  performance  of  good  music,  symphonic  or  operatic,  profitable. 

Not  so  much  can  be  said,  perhaps,  of  the  public  taste  in  things 
dramatic.  The  most  ambitious  of  managers  must  needs  make  a  living  (he 
generally  wants  something  more),  and  to  that  end  must  take  note  of  the 
craving  for  the  frivolous  and  unsubstantial.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  of  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  who  support  the  theatres  in  New  York; 
very  few  take  the  drama  seriously.  But  the  New  York  theatres,  taken  as 
a  whole,  fitly  represent  the  modern  stage.  We  have  the  best  and  the 
worst.  There  are  audiences  here  for  Henry  Irving,  Salvini,  Ludwig 
Barnay,  Constant  Coquelin  and  Sarah  Bernhardt.  Daly's  Theatre,  Pal- 
mer's, the  Lyceum,  known  all  over  the  country  for  the  excellence  of  the  per- 
formances they  offer,  and  the  adherence  of  their  managers  to  certain  ideals, 
which,  if  not  the  loftiest,  are  still  high  enough  to  hold  the  respect  of  critics 
and  students  of  the  stage,  are  counted  among  the  most  prosperous  of  our 
playhouses.  Joseph  Jefferson  and  Helena  Modjeska  act  here  every  year. 
While  jugglery,  "skirt-dancing," — "  serpentine "  and  otherwise — and  the 
mimicry  and  antics  of  the  variety  theatre  satisfy  the  demands  of  the  vast 
majority,  there  is  a  public  for  the  American  drama,  and  there  are  mana- 
gers who  are  willing  to  encourage  native  dramatists. 

New  York,  and,  theatrically  speaking,  New  York  means  the  United 
States,  is  no  longer,  as  it  was  until  about  20  years  ago,  a  "province"'  of 
London  in  theatrical  matters.     Long  after  the  young  Republic  had  ceased 


30  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

to  depend  upon  England  for  fashions  in  dress  and  methods  in  commerce, 
its  theatre  was  exclusively  English.  We  had,  to  be  sure,  the  German, 
French  and  Italian  drama,  from  time  to  time,  exotics  that  could  not  be  ex- 
pected to  grow  vigorously  on  our  soil ;  we  had  also  a  few  American  plays 
and  distinctively  American  actors  who  always  seemed  quite  as  foreign  to  the 
atmosphere  of  our  theatre.  These  were  exceptions.  Our  theatre  was 
English.  Wallack's,  for  many  years  the  representative  playhouse  of 
America,  was  exclusively  British.  The  methods  of  the  theatres  royal  of 
London  were  scrupulously  followed  there  behind  the  foot  lights  even  after 
the  necessity  of  doing  things  in  an  American  way  was  recognized  in  ' '  the 
front  of  the  house."  While  no  fees  were  charged  to  visitors,  playbills  were 
free,  and  men  served  as  ushers  instead  of  women,  on  the  stage  of  Wal- 
lack's till  nearly  the  end,  all  the  old  traditions  were  zealously  upheld.  More- 
over, the  new  plays  were  all  importations  from  London.  What  was  success- 
ful in  the  capital  of  Great  Britain  was  expected  to  please,  without  fail,  in 
the  second  largest  English  speaking  city. 

That  is  no  longer  true.  What  is  superlatively  good  in  the  English 
drama  is  wanted  here,  and  nothing  else  from  England.  The  acting  of 
Willard  and  Ellen  Terry  is  appreciated.  Success  awaits  the  promised  visit 
of  Beerbohm  Tree.  But  since  the  civil  war  New  York  has  become  a  thor- 
oughly cosmopolitan  city.  No  manager  can  count  on  success  for  a  play 
simply  because  it  has  pleased  a  certain  class  in  London.  As  for  the  Amen 
ican  drama,  it  comes  slowly.  Our  theatre  is  in  a  transition  state,  never 
more  popular  as  a  source  of  mere  entertainment,  never  more  scantily  sup- 
plied with  good  players.  The  play  markets  of  England,  France  and  Ger- 
many are  failing,  and  with  all  the  chance  for  large  profits  American  play- 
wrights produce  little  in  comparison  with  the  demand. 

New  York  had  theatrical  performances  as  early  as  the  year  1732,  but 
for  many  years  in  colonial  times  dramatic  efforts  here  were  desultory  and 
simply  experimental.  The  theatrical  history  of  the  city  began  with  the  ar- 
rival of  Lewis  Hallam's  company  in  1753.  Out  of  this  off-shoot  of  the 
British  stage  the  American  stage  grew.  The  old  John  Street  Theatre,  the 
home  of  the  best  in  the  drama  before  the  Revolution  and  for  some  time 
afterward,  was  built  in  1768.  To  this  succeeded  the  famous  old  Park 
Theatre,  which  stood  in  Park  Row  opposite  the  site  now  occupied  by  the 
General  Post  Office.  Opened  in  January,  1798,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire 
May  25,  1820;  rebuilt  and  reopened  Sept.  1,  1821,  and  again  burned  Dec.  16, 
1848.  The  traditions  preserved  at  the  old  Park  survived  at  Wallack's, 
which  was  established  in  1852,  and  lasted,  through  the  various  stages  of 
lusty  youth,  vigorous  prime  and  senile  decay,  till  the  spring  of  1888. 

Any  consideration  of  the  condition  of  the  modern  stage  must  take  note 
of  the  changed  social  conditions  in  this  country.     The  system  of  free  educa- 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  31 

tion  has  increased  the  general  average  of  intelligence,  and  there  are  many 
thousands  of  theatre  goers  whose  fathers  and  grandfathers  found  all  their 
needful  entertainment  in  the  circus  and  the  instructive  moving  panoramas 
of  John  Banvard  and  his  predecessors.  These  people  as  a  class  can 
scarcely  be  expected  steadily  to  give  encouragement  to  the  highest  forms 
of  the  drama.  The  immense  material  growth  of  this  country  has,  by  in- 
creasing the  general  wealth,  created  a  vast  theatre-going  class  who  demand 
that  stage  performances  shall  be,  above  everything  else,  amusing.  The 
tension  of  American  business  life  is  high.  The  business  man  wants  enter- 
tainment after  his  work  is  done,  and  he  wants  it  light  and  joyous. 

The  "combination  system,"  which  controls  the  present  theatre,  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  old  stock  companies,  (except  a  very  few  here  in  New  York), 
has  its  beginnings  in  this  city.  After  a  long  "run"  here,  a  play  will  last 
profitably  two  or  three  years  "on  the  road."  Plays  are  produced  here, 
therefore,  not  only  for  New  York  but  for  the  whole  country. 

Meanwhile  we  have  good  actors  and  good  plays,  though  the  immense 
growth  of  the  theatrical  system  has  left  them  in  the  minority.  In  one  thing 
theatrical  there  has  been  noteworthy  improvement.  The  play  houses  are 
handsomer,  safer  and  more  comfortable  than  ever  before.  What  with  the 
electric  light  and  improved  ventilating  apparatus  the  atmosphere  of  the 
auditoriums  of  the  newer  houses  is  comparatively  fresh  and  wholesome. 
The  stale  odors  of  peanuts  and  orange  peel,  associated  with  the  theatrical 
memories  of  our  early  youth,  went  out  with  the  "legitimate."  The  exist- 
ing building  laws  in  New  York  are  exacting  in  regard  to  theatres.  They 
must  have  easily  accessible  entrances  and  exits  on  three  sides,  and  the 
stairways  and  floor  beams  must  be  of  fire  proof  material.  The  recently 
built  theatres  are  as  nearly  fire  proof  as  possible.  They  are  not,  of  course 
panic-proof,  and  the  great  danger  in  a  crowded  theatre  has  therefore  not 
yet  been  thoroughly  averted. 

In  the  following  complete  list  of  the  theatres  and  kindred  places  of 
amusement  in  New  York,  facts  that  will  interest  strangers  in  town  are 
given.  An  attempt  is  made  to  indicate  clearly  the  character  and  quality  of 
the  entertainment  to  be  found  in  each  house.  Something  of  the  history  of 
every  existing  theatre  that  has  a  history,  is  also  given.  An  effort  is  made, 
however,  to  omit  superfluous  details.  It  would  not  interest  the  visitor  to 
the  city  to  know  the  exact  height  and  width  of  the  stage  in  every  theatre, 
and  the  names  of  the  manufacturers  of  the  door  knobs. 

Seats  in  all  the  important  theatres  are  placed  on  sale  a  week  or  more  in 
advance  at  the  box  offices.  Tickets  for  reserved  seats  may  also  be  obtained  at 
the  various  agencies  established  for  that  purpose  in  the  principal  hotel  corri- 
dors, and  at  the  downtown  theatre  ticket  office,  in  Broadway.  In  these 
places  a  premium  is  charged.  Strangers  to  the  city,  if  they  do  not  care  to  buy 


32  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

tickets  in  advance,  will  generally  find  good  seats  for  any  theatre  at  its  box 
office  just  about  the  time  the  performance  is  advertised  to  begin.  Unsold 
tickets  from  the  agencies  are  then  brought  in.  It  is  rarely  necessary  to  buy 
tickets  of  a  speculator  and  pay  his  extra  charges. 

Abbey's  Theatre  (now  in  course  of  erection,  and  to  be  opened  in  the 
fall  of  1893),  northeast  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  38th  street.  The 
architects,  James  B.  McElfatrick  &  Son,  have  planned  a  six-story  building 
of  white  Indiana  stone  and  French  gray  brick.  There  will  be  entrances  to 
the  theatre  on  both  streets.  The  interior  will  be  richly  decorated  and  fitted 
with  all  modern  improvements.  There  will  be  1,800  seats,  in  addition  to  those 
in  the  proscenium  boxes  and  four  open  boxes.  The  house  will  not  have  a 
stock  company.  Stars  and  "  combinations,"  managed  by  the  firm  of  Ab- 
bey, Schoeffel  and  Grau,  will  appear  there.  It  will  be  Sarah  Bernhardt' s 
New  York  theatre  and  Henry  Irving's.  Prices  will  be  high,  and  there  will 
probably  be  a  sliding  scale.  The  best  seats  for  the  performances  of  the 
famous  artists  above  named  will  cost  at  least  $3. 

Academy  of  Music. — This  historic  theatre  was  for  many  years  the  home 
of  Italian  opera  in  New  York.  It  is  now  the  home  of  "  The  Black  Crook." 
Palmo's  Opera  House,  in  Chambers  street,  where  the  big  building  of  the 
American  News  Company  now  is,  was  opened  September  3,  1844.  It  soon 
became  Burton's  Theatre,  and  the  exotic  Italian  opera  found  quarters  in 
the  Astor  Place  Opera  House,  memorable  as  the  scene  of  the  Macready 
riot,  the  site  of  which,  in  Astor  Place,  near  Broadway,  is  now  occupied  by 
the  new  building  of  the  Mercantile  Library  Association.  The  big  brick 
Academy  of  Music,  at  Fourteenth  street  and  Irving  Place,  was  opened  Oct. 
2,  1854.  All  the  famous  stars  of  Italian  opera  sang  there,  and  no  hand- 
somer sight  than  its  spacious  audience  room  on  a  fashionable  opera  night 
has  ever  been  known  in  this  city.  The  house  was  burned  on  the  night  of 
May  ,2i,  1866,  was  rebuilt  and  opened  anew  Feb.  28,  1868,  and  Italian  opera 
thrived  or  languished  there,  according  to  circumstances,  until  some  time 
after  the  opening  of  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  in  1883.  Messrs.  Gil- 
more  and  Tompkins  bought  the  property  in  1887.  They  present  popular 
plays  at  cheap  prices,  ranging  from  25  cents  to  $1.50.  The  boxes,  except 
those  in  the  proscenium  arch,  have  been  displaced  by  folding  chairs.  The 
present  seating  capacity  is  2,532,  and  at  the  ruling  prices  a  full  house  repre- 
sents $2,163.50.  "  The  Old  Homestead,"  which  ran  three  years,  "The 
Country  Circus,"  and  a  very  expensive  and  gorgeous  reproduction  of  the 
ballet  spectacle  of  "  The  Black  Crook  "  represent  the  kind  and  variety  of 
plays  to  be  seen  there. 

Amberg  Theatre,  southwest  corner  of  East  15th  street  and  Irving  Place, 
is  devoted  exclusively  to  performances  of  plays  and  operettas  in  the  German 
language.     It  occupies  the  site  of   Irving  Hall,  famous  as  an  annex  of  the 


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INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  33 

Academy,  with  which  it  was  connected  by  a  temporary  bridge  across  the 
street  when  big  balls  were  given,  and  famous  also  as  the  meeting  place  of 
a  now  extinct  branch  of  the  local  Democratic  party.  The  Amberg  Theatre 
is  a  new  house,  and  was  opened  Dec.  i,  1888.  It  is  a  small  but  well-ap- 
pointed theatre.  Ernst  Possart,  Josef  Kainz,  Marie  Barkany  and  Emil 
Thomas  have  been  recent  stars  on  its  stage. 

American  Theatre,  southeast  corner  of  Eighth  avenue  and  West  42d 
street,  is  now  in  course  of  erection.  It  will  be  a  commodious,  modern  house, 
with  1,800  seats,  a  large  stage,  and  elaborate  machinery.  T.  Henry  French 
will  be  the  manager,  and  spectacular  productions  are  in  view. 

Berkeley  Lyceum,  north  side  of  West  Forty-fourth  street,  west  of 
Fifth  avenue,  is  a  little  theatre  opened  Feb.  27,  1888,  for  the  use  of  amateur 
actors,  and  for  entertainments  of  readings,  music,  &c.  It  has  lately  been 
leased  by  the  American  Academy  of  the  Dramatic  Arts,  a  school  of  acting 
founded,  under  another  name,  in  1884,  of  which  Franklin  Haven  Sargent  is 
director.  This  institution  has  graduated  many  who  have  become  competent 
actors,  such  as  Dorothy  Dorr,  George  Fawcett,  Robert  Taber,  Alice  Fischer 
and  Maude  Banks.  On  the  stage  of  the  Berkeley  Lyceum  the  pupils  will 
hereafter  give  their  interesting  public  exhibitions.  The  new  Theatre  of 
Literature,  for  which  noted  writers  like  Howells  and  Stockton  have  prom- 
ised plays,  will  also  give  its  strictly  private  performances  here. 

Bijou  Theatre,  Broadway,  west  side,  near  West  Thirty-first  street. 
Seating  capacity,  1,030;  value  of  a  full  house,  $1,350,  at  the  ruling  prices, 
ranging  from  $1.50  to  50  cents.  This  house,  which  is  new  and  well-appoint- 
ed, occupies  the  site  of  "Jerry"  Thomas's  old  chop-house,  famous  just  after  the 
civil  war  for  its  collection  of  colored  caricatures  of  noted  men  and  women. 
A  minstrel  hall  called  the  Theatre  Brighton  was  opened  there  Aug.  26,  1878; 
for  a  short  time  afterward  it  was  called  Wood's  Broadway  Theatre;  March 
31,  1880,  it  was  named  the  Bijou  Opera  House;  it  has  since  been  rebuilt. 
Under  John  McCaull's  management  comic  opera  flourished  there;  with  Ed- 
ward E.  Rice  came  burlesque,  "Adonis,"  with  Dixey,  surviving  600  nights. 
J.  Wesley  Rosenquest  is  now  the  manager,  conducting  the  place  on  the 
"combination"  plan.  "The  Brass  Monkey,"  "A  Texas  Steer,"  and  "The 
City  Directory"  have  been  recent  successes.  Acrobatic  farce,  generally 
good  of  its  kind,  and  burlesque,  thrive  best  there. 

Broadway  Theatre,  southwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  41st 
street,  occupying  the  site  of  the  Old  Metropolitan  Concert  Hall,  variously 
called  also  the  Casino,  Alcazar  and  Cosmopolitan  Theatre.  The  present 
house,  one  of  the  largest'  and  finest  in  the  city,  was  built  by  T.  Henry 
French,  E.  F.  Zbrowski  and  F.  W.  Sanger.  It  was  opened,  with  "La 
Tosca,"  March  3,  1888.  Until  July,  1892,  Mr.  Sanger  was  the  sole  manager. 
Mr.  French  then  bought  his   interest,  and   assumed  charge.     The  decora- 


34  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

tions  of  the  house  are  greatly  admired.  The  arrangement  of  the  electric 
lights  is  particularly  pleasing.  There  are  700  seats  on  the  orchestra  floor, 
426  in  the  balcony  and  550  in  the  top  gallery.  In  addition  there  are  S  boxes 
holding  six  person  each  and  2  holding  four  persons.  Prices,  on  ordinary 
occasions,  range  from  35  cents  to  $1.50,  but  they  are  raised  when  the  "at- 
traction" is  very  expensive,  as  in  the  Booth  and  Modjeska  engagement. 
Edwin  Booth  made  his  last  appearance  in  New  York  on  this  stage.  But 
the  performances  are  greatly  varied,  though  generally  the  sort  that  attracts 
the  fashionable  folks  if  not  necessarily  the  cultivated.  De  Wolf  Hopper 
and  Francis  Wilson  play  there,  in  comic  musical  pieces,  and  the  stage  is 
particularly  well-suited  to  spectacle. 

Carnegie  Music  Hall,  southeast  corner  of  7th  avenue  and  57th  street, 
was  opened  in  May,  1891.  Its  large  hall,  which  with  its  54  boxes  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  3,000,  is  the  finest  for  music  in  the  city.  The  regular  concerts 
of  the  Symphony  and  Oratorio  societies,  under  the  direction  of  Walter 
Damrosch,  are  given  there.  There  is  a  smaller  hall  for  recitals  and  re- 
hearsals in  which,  sometimes,  exhibitions  like  those  of  the  famous  Gustave 
Dore  paintings  are  held.  A  stage  will  be  built  in  the  large  hall,  probably, 
for  performance  of  grand  opera. 

Casino,  southwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  39th  street.  This 
unique  and  widely-known  theatre,  identified  since  its  opening,  Oct.  28,  1SS2, 
with  comic  opera,  has  now  been  given  over  to  the  so-called  "vaudeville" 
performances  of  dancers,  singers,  jugglers  and  acrobats.  A  ballet  is  part  of 
every  entertainment.  Rudolph  Aronson  is  still  the  manager  of  the  Casino, 
and  it  is  a  respectable  and  fashionable  house,  and  one  of  the  sights  of  the 
city.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  625  on  the  first  floor,  172  in  the  balcony 
and  210  in  the  gallery.  There  are  14  boxes  on  the  buffet  floor  and  800  seats 
in  the  roof  garden.  At  the  ruling  prices,  $1.50  to  50  cents,  a  full  house  is 
worth  $1,348.50.     Francis  W.  Kimball  was  the  architect  of  the  Casino. 

Chickering  Hall,  northwest  corner  Fifth  avenue  and  iSth  street,  has 
been,  since  its  opening,  Nov.  15,  1875,  a  popular  place  for  concerts  and  lee 
tures  of  a  high  order. 

Columbus  Theatre,  in  East  125th  street,  south  side,  near  Lexington 
avenue,  was  designed  by  its  owner  and  manager,  Oscar  Hamrnerstein,  to 
be  the  popular  theatre  of  Harlem.  The  best  seats  sell  for  $1.  The  house 
will  accommodate  about  2,000.  It  is  substantially  built,  well-equipped,  and 
the  auditorium  is  spacious  and  handsome.  "Combinations"  play  there,  and 
melodrama  is  liked  by  the  frequenters.  The  house  was  opened  Oct. 
11,  1890. 

Daly's  Theatre,  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  near  West  30th  street, 
managed  by  Augustin  Daly,  who  also  directs  Daly's  Theatre  in  London, 
has  a  place  of  its  own  among  theatres.     It  is  the  highest-priced   theatre   in 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  35 

New  York,  all  the  orchestra  seats  and  the  best  in  the  balcony  selling  for 
$2,  the  lowest  price  for  top  gallery  seats  being  50  cents.  It  is  the  most 
fashionable  house  in  New  York,  and  its  "first  night"  audiences  represent 
the  wealth  and  culture  of  the  metropolis.  The  red  and  gold  auditorium  is 
rich  in  its  furnishing  and  decorations,  and  everything  is  solid  and  substan- 
tial. The  rich  act  drop,  a  combination  of  painting  and  embroidery,  and 
representing  the  Crowning  of  Comedy,  was  designed  by  G.  G.  Garibaldi, 
who  also  painted  the  elaborate  frieze  over  the  stage,  the  Comedie  Humaine. 
The  other  mural  paintings  were  done  by  Eugene  Grivaz,  an  artist  of  un- 
common talent.  His  copies  of  The  Stratford  Shakespeare  and  the  Odeon 
Moliere  are  over  the  proscenium  boxes,  right  and  left.  In  the  spacious 
foyer,  peculiar  to  this  theatre,  many  rare  old  paintings  hang  in  the  collection 
of  likenesses  of  famous  actors.  The  ushers  move  noiselessly,  and  are 
studiously  attentive.  The  stage  is  dominated,  naturally,  by  Ada  Rehan, 
an  actress  of  rare  charm,  but  other  members  of  the  permanent  company, 
which  includes  James  Lewis,  Mrs.  G.  H.  Gilbert,  George  Clarke,  Arthur 
Bourchier,  Sidney  Herbert,  Charles  LeClercq,  Isabel  Irving,  Charles  Wheat- 
leigh,  John  Craig  and  Kitty  Cheatham,  are  artists  of  uncommon  talent. 
Shakespeare  and  the  old  comedies  are  here  beautifully  revived,  and  plays 
of  contemporary  life,  generally  dainty  comedies,  are  given  with  perfect 
manners  and  exquisite  lightness  of  touch.  "Stars"  of  high  standing,  like 
Richard  Mansfield  and  Rosina  Vokes,  act  there  in  the  early  spring  and 
early  fall.  Daly's  Theatre  contains  1,309  seats,  and  the  value  of  a  full 
house  there  is  $1,800.  It  is  built  on  the  site  of  Banvard's,  afterwards 
Wood's  Museum,  and  was  opened  September  17,  1879. 

Eden  Musee,  West  23d  street,  north  side,  east  of  Sixth  avenue.  This 
was  opened  by  a  French  company,  May  30,  1884,  for  the  exhibition  of  wax 
figures  and  other  works  of  art,  and  for  light  entertainments.  It  is  a  hand- 
some wince  marble  building.  Lifelike  wax  figures  standing  in  the  vesti- 
bule deceive  the  uninitiated  visitor.  There  is  a  large  exhibition  of  wax 
representatives  of  royalty  and  genius  in  the  main  hall,  entertainments  of 
song,  dance  and  jugglery  are  given  in  the  concert  room,  and  on  the  lower 
floor  there  is  a  grisly  chamber  of  horrors. 

Eighth  Street  Theatre,  Eighth  street,  east  of  Broadway,  was  for- 
merly a  church  and  has  had  many  vicissitudes  since  it  was  opened  as  a 
low-priced  place  of  amusement,  under  the  name  of  Aberle's  Theatre,  Sep- 
tember 8,  1879.  It  has  been  known  as  the  Grand  Central,  Poole's,  Harry 
Kennedy's  and  the  Comedy  Theatre.  The  character  of  the  entertainments 
offered  has  never  been  high,  and  the  prices  have  been  correspondingly  low. 

Empire  Theatre,  on  southeast  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  40th 
street,  anew  and  handsome  theatre,  designed  by  J.  B.  McElfatrick  & 
Son,  built  by  F.   W.  Sanger  and  Al.  Hayman,  and  managed  by  Charles 


36  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Frohman,  whose  excellent  stock  company  opens  the  house.  This  theatre 
will  be  the  home  of  American  plays.  One  there  may  be  confident  of  seeing 
good  acting.  The  house  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,100,  and  the  prices 
range  from  $2  to  50  cents. 

Fifth  Avenue  Theatre,  northwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  28th 
street,  is  a  new  and  handsome  house,  managed  by  H.  C.  Miner  on  the 
"  combination  "  plan.  The  best  stars  and  companies  seek  the  Fifth  avenue. 
It  has  1,269  seats,  558  in  the  orchestra,  355  in  the  balcony  and  356  in  the 
gallery.  There  are  six  proscenium  boxes.  Prices  range  from  50  cents  to 
$1.50,  and  the  house  will  hold  $1,502.50.  The  seats  are  very  comfortable, 
and  the  decorations  of  the  auditorium  rich  and  effective.  The  house  is 
"  fire  proof."  It  stands  on  the  site  of  old  Apollo  Hall.  A  small  theatre 
called  the  St.  James  was  opened  there  in  1872,  and  in  that  James  Steele 
Mackaye  illustrated  the  principles  of  Delsarte,  as  he  understood  them,  in  two 
plays  called  "Monaldi  "  and  "  Marriage."  A  new  theatre  was  built  by  the 
Gilsey  estate  and  opened  Dec.  3,1873,  by  Augustin  Daly,  who  conducted  it 
till  Sept.  1877.  His  term  of  management  was  noteworthy  for  the  first  pro- 
duction in  America  of  "Love's  Labor's  Lost,"  the  long  runs  of  "  Pique  "  and 
"The  Big  Bonanza"  and  the  first  appearance  in  America  of  Charles 
Coghlan.  Thereafter  the  house  had  various  managers  until  the  lease  was 
secured  by  Haverley.  He  transferred  it  to  John  Stetson,  who  in  turn  was 
succeeded  by  Eugene  Tompkins  (May  1888).  In  the  fall  of  1890  Mr.  Miner 
took  the  lease  and  made  many  alterations  in  the  house,  which  was  destroyed 
by  fire  Jan.  2,  1891.     The  new  house  was  opened  in  May,  1892. 

Fourteenth  Street  Theatre,  West  14th  street,  near  6th  avenue, 
managed  by  J.  W.  Rosenquest  as  a  "  combination  "  house,  and  noted  for 
the  "  runs"  of  "  The  Still  Alarm,"  a  play  with  live  horses  and  a  real  fire 
engine,  and  "  Blue  Jeans."  Melodrama,  domestic  drama  and  farce  all  suc- 
ceed here.  The  house  was  opened  May  26,  1866,  as  the  Theatre  Frangais. 
Here  Ristori  made  her  first  appearance  in  America,  Marie  Seebach  acted 
and  Tostee  sang  in  "La  Grande  Duchesse."  Charles  Fechter  designed 
some  of  the  improvements  in  the  house  when  it  was  changed  to  the  Lyceum 
in  1872.  March  31,  1879,  it  was  first  called  the  Fourteenth  Street  Theatre. 
It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,624,  and  the  prices  range  from  50  cents  to  $1.50. 

Garden  Theatre,  southeast  corner  of  East  27th  street  and  Madison 
avenue,  a  part  of  the  Madison  Square  Garden  enterprise.  This  is  a  beauti- 
ful theatre,  designed  by  Stanford  White,  modern  and  "  fire  proof."  It  is 
managed  by  T.  Henry  French,  and  comic  opera,  with  Lillian  Russell  or  the 
Bostonians,  is  given  with  luxurious  scenic  settings.  The  house  has  a  seat- 
ing capacity  of  1,054,  and  there  are  900  seats  in  the  roof  garden,  open  in 
summer.  Prices  range  all  the  way  from  25  cents  to  $2.00,  and  a  full  house 
is  worth  $1,754.     The  Garden  Theatre  was  opened  Sent   77.  1890. 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  37 

Grand  Opera  House,  northwest  corner  of  Eighth  avenue  and  23d 
street,  a  "popular"  theatre  with  many  seats,  which  are  sold  at  prices  rang- 
ing from  25  cents  to  $1.00.  "Combinations"  play  there,  and  farces  and 
melodramas  are  especially  liked.  The  better  class  of  stars  sometimes  play 
there,  but  infrequently  nowadays.  The  house  has  a  history.  It  was  built 
by  Samuel  Pike  and  designed  for  grand,  opera.  It  was  called  Pike's  Opera 
House  when  it  was  opened,  Jan.  8,  1868.  It  was  too  far  west  to  pay.  In 
1870  it  had  passed  out  of  Pike's  hands  into  those  of  James  Fisk,  Jr.  It  fig- 
ured in  the  famous  Erie  Railway  transactions  of  that  period.  Fisk  had  "The 
Tempest"  and  Sardou's  "Patrie"  produced  there.  Augustin  Daly  lost  money 
with  a  magnificent  spectacle,  Sardou  and  Offenbach's  "Le  RoiCarotte,"and 
other  heavy  productions.  Maretzek  gave  opera  there  in  1873  with  a  com- 
pany that  included  Pauline  Lucca,  Tamberlik  and  lima  de  Muriska.  Cheap 
prices  and  engagements  of  stars  and  combinations  for  one  week  were  intro- 
duced by  Poole  &  Donnelly.  Henry  E.  Abbey  secured  the  house,  and  re- 
decorated it,  Aug.  28,  1882.  T.  Henry  French  is  the  present  manager.  The 
owner  is  George  Gould. 

Hardman  Hall,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  West  19th 
street,  is  used  for  high-class  concerts  and  lectures. 

Harlem  Opera  House,  West  125  street,  north  side,  near  Seventh  aven- 
ue, is  the  handsomest  theatre  in  Harlem.  Its  entrance  is  particularly  im- 
posing, and  the  big  mirror  in  the  long  vestibule  is  one  of  the  sights  of  the 
neighborhood.  The  auditorium  is  rather  bright  in  color,  but  very  comfort- 
able. The  stage  is  excellently  furnished.  Stars  and  "combinations"  play 
there  under  the  management  of  Oscar  Hammerstein,  who  built  the  house 
and  opened  it  to  the  public,  Sept.  30,  1889.  The  best  seats  are  now  sold 
for  $1. 

Harrigan's  Theatre,  West  36th  street,  north  side,  east  of  Sixth  avenue. 
Edward  Harrigan  opened  this  house  December  22,  1890.  He  had  previous- 
ly managed  the  old  Theatre  Comique  and  its  handsome  successor  that  was 
opened  Aug.  29,  1881,  and  destroyed  by  fire  Dec.  23,  1884,  and  had  tried  his 
luck  in  the  Fourteenth  Street  and  Park  Theatres.  The  new  house  was  de- 
signed by  F.  W,  Kimball  and  is  one  of  the  prettiest  little  theatres  in  the 
country.  It  is  fitted  with  all  the  modern  improvements.  Only  one  kind  of 
play  is  given  there,  and  when  Mr.  Harrigan  and  his  company  are  taking  a 
vacation  the  house  is  closed.  Harrigan's  comic  dramas  of  low  life  in  New 
York,  introducing  familiar  types  among  the  personages  and  familiar 
neighborhoods  in  the  scenic  pictures  have,  for  their  truth  to  nature,  excited 
the  admiration  of  critics  like  William  Dean  Howells  and  Frederick  Wed- 
more.  They  grew  out  of  the  old  variety  hall  sketches,  and  Harrigan,  who 
began  his  career  as  a  "song  and  dance  artist,"  grew  with  them.  The  per- 
formances at  Harrigan's  are  broadly  humorous,  somewhat  noisy,  and  never 


38  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

immoral.  David  Braham's  songs  are  as  popular  and  well-known  as  Mr. 
Harrigan's  plays  for  which  they  are  written.  John  Wild,  the  best  stage 
representative  of  the  New  York  street  darkey,  and  Mrs.  Annie  Yeamans, 
are  prominent  in  the  large  company. 

Harry  Miner's  Theatre,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Bowery  near  Broome 
street,  is  a  variety  hall. 

Herrmann's  Theatre,  Broadway,  west  side,  near  West  29th  street,  is  a 
new  and  pretty  theatre  on  the  site  of  the  old  San  Francisco  Minstrels'  Hall. 
This  was  opened  Sept.  3,  1874,  by  Birch,  Wambold,  Bernard  and  Backus. 
The  minstrel  troupe  finally  disbanded  Dec.  29,  1883.  The  house  has  since 
seen  many  changes.  It  was  called  the  Comedy,  the  Gaiety,  the  New  Com- 
edy, Dockstader's  Minstrels,  the  Gaiety  again,  until  finally  Herrmann,  the 
magician,  rebuilt  it.  He  opened  Herrmann's  Theatre  Oct.  11,  1890.  His 
own  entertainment  is  given  there,  and  the  house  is  rented  to  other  mana- 
gers, generally  for  farcical  plays. 

Koster  &  Bial's,  West  23d  street,  north  side,  west  of  6th  avenue.  A 
noted  concert  hall  and  resort  of  the  man  about  town.  Here  Carmencita 
danced,  and  when  J.  S.  Sargent  painted  his  famous  portrait  of  her,  "soci- 
ety" folks  began  to  go  to  Koster  &  Bial's  to  see  her.  Beer  is  sold  in  the  au- 
dience and  smoking  is  allowed.  The  performances  are  better  of  their  kind 
and  more  circumspect  now  than  they  used  to  be.  The  site  of  the  hall  was 
Bryant's  Opera  House,  opened  Nov.  23,  1870.  When  Koster  &  Bial,  sellers 
of  lager  beer,  took  the  place,  they  made  it  first  a  beer  saloon,  with  instru- 
mental music  to  please  their  guests.  The  present  concert  hall  slowly  devel- 
oped from  that  beginning. 

Lenox  Lyceum,  southeast  corner  of  Madison  avenue  and  East  59th 
street,  contains  a  very  large  hall  for  concerts  and  exhibitions,  and  some 
smaller  halls.  The  building  was  altered  from  an  old  cyclorama  hall  and 
opened,  under  its  present  name,  Jan.  2,  1890.  Concerts  have  been  given 
there  by  Anton  Seidl  and  Theodore  Thomas. 

Lexington  Avenue  Opera  House  (Terrace  Garden  Theatre),  West  58th 
and  West  59th  streets,  near  Lexington  avenue.  Used  for  many  years  for  a 
certain  class  of  receptions,  balls,  &c,  and  for  amateur  theatricals.  The 
garden  adjoining  is  used  by  beer  drinkers  on  summer  nights.  For  a  num- 
ber of  years,  beginning  in  May,  1887,  German  operetta  was  given  there  in 
the  summer. 

London  Theatre,  Bowery,  east  side,  near  Rivington  street,  a  variety 
hall. 

Lyceum  Theatre,  Fourth  avenue,  west  side,  north  of  23d  street,  one  of 
the  few  "stock  company"  theatres  in  New  York,  a  richly  appointed,  care- 
fully arranged  house,  and  a  fashionable  place  of  amusement.  No  other 
theatre  in  New  York  resembles  the  Lyceum.     It  was  planned  by  Hubert, 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  39 

Pirsson  &  Co. ,  and  the  interior  decorations  were  made  by  the  Tiffany  Glass 
and  Decorating  Company.  There  is  no  "family  circle;"  the  house  contains 
661  seats,  and  prices  range  from  $2  to  75  cents.  The  house  was  opened 
April  5,  1885,  under  the  management  of  Steele  Mackaye.  Helen  Dauvray 
afterwards  managed  the  house  for  two  seasons,  and  it  passed  into  the  charge 
of  Daniel  Frohman,  May  3,  1887.  His  stock  company,  including  Georgia 
Cayvan,  Herbert  Kelcey,  W.  J.  Le  Moyne,  Effie  Shannon,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Walcot  and  Mrs.  Whiffen  play  from  November  till  May.  E.  H.  Sothern 
fills  an  annual  engagement  in  the  early  autumn.  The  theatre  is  noted  for 
the  rich  and  tasteful  scenic  settings,  the  handsome  dresses  of  the  actresses, 
and  the  refined  character  of  the  plays. 

Madison  Square  Garden — (see  also  Garden  Theatre) — East  26th  street, 
Madison  and  Fourth  avenues,  East  27th  street.  On  this  site  stood  the  old 
railroad  station  of  the  Harlem  and  New  Haven  roads.  Cars  were  drawn  by 
horses  up  Fourth  avenue  and  through  the  still  existing  tunnel  under  Park 
avenue  to  the  then  open  country  north  of  Forty-second  street,  where  the 
trains  were  made  up.  After  the  Grand  Central  Station  was  built  the  old 
station  was  not  needed.  April  27,  1874,  after  many  changes  had  been 
made  in  the  interior,  it  was  opened,  under  the  management  of  E.  G.  Gil- 
more,  as  Gilmore's  Garden.  Promenade  concerts  were  given  and  in  the 
spring  the  circus  took  possession.  Dec,  1878,  the  name  was  changed  to 
Madison  Square  Garden.  The  new  building,  an  architectual  triumph, 
which  is  fully  described  elsewhere,  was  opened  in  June,  1890.  The  im- 
mense amphitheatre  is  used  for  the  annual  exhibitions  of  the  Barnum  Circus 
and  Menagerie,  in  March  and  April,  for  all  the  big  periodical  shows,  else- 
where noticed,  for  promenade  concerts  and  some  of  the  large  balls  of  the 
winter.  In  addition  to  this,  and  the  Garden  Theatre,  the  vast  structure  in- 
cludes a  fine  music  hall,  a  ball  room  with  adjoining  supper  rooms  and  dres- 
sing rooms  and  all  the  needful  offices.  An  admission  fee  of  25  cents  is 
charged  to  the  tower  between  8  a.  m.  and  6  p.  m. 

Madison  Square  Theatre,  West  24th  street,  south  side,  west  of  Broad- 
way. In  the  days  of  wild  speculation  during  the  Civil  War,  an  up-town 
"gold  room"  was  erected  on  this  site.  Speculation  at  night  here  was  stopped 
by  action  of  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  and  the  upper  floors  were 
at  length  altered  into  the  Fifth  Avenue  Opera  House,  Nov.  30,  1865.  Here 
George  Chrisy's  band  of  negro  minstrels  and  afterward  Kelly  &  Leon's 
troupe  gave  their  entertainments;  Myron  W.  Leffingwail  acted  there  many 
nights  as  Romeo  Jaffier  Jenkins  in  "Too  Much  for  Good  Nature,"  and 
Beppo  in  the  travesty  of  "Fra  Diavolo."  James  Fisk,  Jr.,  secured  the 
site,  and  built  a  small  but  beautiful  theatre  which  John  Brougham  tried  to 
manage  as  Brougham's  Lyceum,  Jan.  25  to  April  5,  1869.  Fisk  renamed 
the  house  the  Fifth  Avenue   Theatre  and  tried  French  opera  bouffe  there. 


40  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Augustin  Daly  took  the  lease,  Aug.  16,  1S69,  and  established  his  fame  as  a 
manager.  The  genius  of  Clara  Morris  was  there  revealed.  Agnes  Ethel, 
Fanny  Davenport,  Fanny  Morant,  Linda  Dietz,  Kate  Claxton,  the  elder 
Holland,  E.  L.  Davenport,  George  Clarke,  James  Lewis,  Davidge,  Charles 
Fisher,  Louis  James,  Harry  Crisp,  acted  there.  Goldsmith's  "Good  Natured 
Man"  and  Shakespeare's  "Merry  Wives"  had  notable  revivals.  "Frou 
Frou,"  "Saratoga"  and  "Divorce"  each  ran  many  nights.  The  house  was 
destroyed  by  fire  after  the  holiday  matinee,  Jan.  1,  1S73.  Later  in  a  small 
hall  there  Robert  Heller  gave  his  performance  of  magic.  The  present 
Madison  Square  Theatre,  built  at  great  expense,  was  opened,  Feb.  4,  1880, 
with  Steel  Mackaye's  "Hazel  Kirke,"  which  ran  nearly  two  years.  Under 
the  management  of  the  Messrs.  Mallory  and  Daniel  Frohman,  American 
plays,  including  "Esmeralda,"  "Young  Mrs.  Winthrop,"  "The  Rajah," 
"  The  Professor,"  and  "  May  Blossom,"  were  produced.  In  1884  Albert  M. 
Palmer,  who  had  resigned  the  management  of  the  Union  Square  Theatre, 
took  charge,  and  under  his  guidance  a  strong  stock  company  presented 
strong  plays.  He  retired  in  1891  to  give  all  his  attention  to  Palmer's 
Theatre.  The  house  is  now  managed  by  Hoyt  &  Thomas,  and  Charles 
H.  Hoyt's  farces,  compounds  of  caricature  of  the  life  around  us,  with  music 
and  dancing,  are  to  be  seen  there.  The  house  has  a  double  stage,  to  build 
which  tons  of  solid  rock  were  blasted  out.  Francis  W.  Kimball  was  the 
architect.  The  embroidered  drop  curtain  is  the  work  of  Louis  C.  Tiffany. 
There  are  336  chairs  in  the  orchestra  sold  at  $1.50  each;  12  balcony  chairs 
are  sold  for  $2  each,  and  the  other  178  for  $1. 50;  68  chairs  in  the  gallery  sell  for 
75  cents  each,  and  there  are  four  boxes.    The  value  of  a  full  house  is  $922.50. 

Manhattan  Opera  House,  north  side  of  West  34th  street,  between 
Broadway  and  Seventh  avenue,  newly  erected  by  Oscar  Hammerstein  and 
designed  primarily  for  opera,  though  "dedicated"  with  a  performance  of 
spoken  drama.  The  Messrs.  McElfatrick  are  the  architects.  Stage  and 
auditorium  are  both  very  large,  and  the  main  entrance  is  uncommonly 
handsome  and  spacious.  There  are  seats  for  about  2,500,  including  the  72 
boxes,  800  orchestra  chairs,  400  balcony  chairs  and  accommodations  for 
nearly  1,000  in  the  vast  gallery. 

Metropolitan  Opera  House  (now  closed  because  of  the  fire,  Aug.  27, 
which  destroyed  the  stage  and  greatly  damaged  the  auditorium),  Broadway, 
Seventh  avenue,  West  39th  and  West  40th  streets.  Designed  by  J.  C. 
Cady,  opened  Oct.  ae,  1883,  with  Italian  opera.  Used  occasionally  for 
spoken  drama — as  in  one  of  Salvini's  engagements  and  the  famous  perform- 
ance of  "  Hamlet"  for  the  benefit  of  Lester  Wallack,  May  10,  1888 — but  too 
large  for  that  purpose.  Seating  capacity  before  the  fire,  3,045.  Prices  ac- 
cording to  the  attraction.  The  house,  up  to  last  spring,  had  cost  the  stock- 
holders $2,500,000.     Single  seats  on  opera  nights  cost  from  $1.50  to  $7. 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  41 

Miner's  Eighth  Avenue  Theatre,  Eighth  avenue,  east  side,  near  West 
26th  street,  a  variety  hall. 

Mount  Morris  Theatre,  Third  avenue,  west  side,  and  East  130th  street, 
has  been  used  occasionally  for  dramatic  performances  since  it  was  opened, 
Sept.  21  1882. 

National  Theatre,  118  and  120  Bowery,  was  opened  as  a  variety  hall, 
Oct.,  1880;  in  1887,  for  a  time,  it  was  called  the  Roumania  Theatre. 

Niblo's,  east  side  of  Broadway,  north  of  Prince  street  (Metropolitan 
Hotel),  one  of  the  historic  theatres  of  New  York,  and  except  the  Old 
Bowery  (see  Thalia)  the  oldest.  Renowned  for  years  as  the  home  of  the 
spectacular  and  romantic  drama.  Now  conducted  as  a  cheap  theatre,  on 
the  combination  system,  prices  ranging  from  15  to  75  cents.  Even  at  these 
prices  the  value  of  a  full  house  is  $800.  As  the  "SansSouci"  this  theatre 
was  opened  July  4,  1828.  In  May,  1829,  it  was  a  concert  saloon.  Niblo's 
Garden  and  Theatre,  owned  and  directed  by  William  Niblo,  was  opened 
Oct.  1,  1839.  The  house  was  burned  Sept.  18,  1846;  rebuilt  and  reopened 
July  30,  1849;  enlarged  1854;  burned  again  May  6,  1872,  and  reopened  Nov. 
30  of  that  year. 

Palmer's  Theatre,  Broadway,  east  side,  and  West  30th  street,  the 
third  "  Wallack's  Theatre,"  opened,  with  "  The  School  for  Scandal,"  Jan. 
4,  1882.  In  May,  1887,  Lester  Wallack  formally  retired  from  the  manage- 
ment. Henry  E.  Abbey  took  the  house  in  the  fall  of  1887,  and  conducted 
it  till  the  next  spring  as  a  stock  theatre.  By  an  agreement  with  Theodore 
Moss,  Albert  M.  Palmer  took  the  management  October,  1888,  and  the  house 
was  then  renamed.  It  is  a  handsome,  spacious  and  well  directed  theatre. 
The  chairs  are  uncommonly  comfortable.  There  are  351  seats  in  the  or- 
chestra, 270  in  the  balcony  and  209  in  the  gallery.  The  usual  prices  range 
from  $1.50  to  50  cents.  Mr.  Palmer's  splendid  stock  company,  including 
Agnes  Booth,  Julia  Arthur,  Marie  Burroughs,  J.  H.  Stoddart  and  E.  M. 
Holland,  has  its  headquarters  there.  In  the  summer  comic  opera  is  given. 
Constant  Coquelin,  Jane  Hading,  E.  S.  Willard,  Salvini  and  John  Drew 
have  been  recent  stars.  American  plays  of  the  best  quality,  such  as 
"  Alabama,"  "  Colonel  Carter"  and  "  Aristocracy,"  have  been  seen  there. 

Park  Theatre,  northwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  West  35th  street. 
Variety,  with  occasional  performances  of  acrobatic  farce  or  melodrama. 
The  Aquarium  was  opened  on  this  site  Oct.  11,  1876,  and  the  theatre  was 
opened  Oct.  15,  1882.  Part  of  the  proscenium  of  Booth's  theatre  is  in  use. 
Recent  changes  have  not  greatly  altered  the  appearance  of  the  house.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,226,  and  prices  range  from  25  cents  to  $1. 

Peoples'  Theatre,  east  side  of  the  Bowery,  opposite  Spring  street,  a 
commodious  house  conducted  by  H.  C.  Miner  on  the  combination  plan, 
prices  ranging  from  25  cents  to  $1.  It  was  built  on  the  site  of  the  old  Volks 


42  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Garden,  a  cheap  place  of  amusement,  and  opened  Sept.  3,  1883.  Its  seating 
capacity  is  2,500. 

Proctor's  Theatre,  West  23d  street,  north  side,  between  6th  and  7th 
avenues,  built  on  the  site  of  the  former  Twenty-third  Street  Theatre,  which 
was  first  a  church  and  then  a  "  Temple,"  designed  by  Salmi  Morse  for  the 
production  of  his  so-called  "  Passion  Play,"  suppressed  by  the  police.  It 
was  first  opened  as  a  theatre  May  21,  1883.  Proctor's  Theatre,  which  is  a 
modern  fire  proof  structure,  was  opened  March  5,  1889.  Its  seating  capacity 
is  1,585,  including  620  seats  in  the  orchestra,  360  in  the  balcony,  and  605  in 
the  gallery.  Prices  range  from  25  cents  to  $1.50.  Plays  like  "  The  County 
Fair"  and  sensational  melodrama,  with  handsome  pictorial  effects,  may  be 
sought  there. 

Standard  Theatre,  Broadway,  east  side,  between  West  32d  and  West 
33d  streets.  The  first  play  house  on  this  site,  the  Eagle  Theatre,  w£  > 
opened  October  18,  1875,  for  variety  performances  at  high  prices.  Febru- 
ary 20,  1878,  it  was  first  called  The  Standard.  Here,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  William  Henderson,  comic  opera  thrived.  "Pinafore,"  "Patience," 
"Billee  Taylor,"  and  "Iolanthe,"  had  long  runs.  The  house  was  destroyed 
by  fire  Dec.  14,  1883.  The  new  theatre  was  opened  Dec.  23,  1884.  J.  M. 
Hill  assumed  the  management,  Jan.,  1890.  Comic  opera  prevails  and 
Marie  Tempest  is  this  winter's  star.  There  are  462  seats  in  the  orchestra, 
268  in  the  balcony  and  302  in  the  gallery.  There  are  also  12  boxes.  Prices 
range  from  25  cents  to  $1.50,  and  the  theatre  will  "hold"  $1,455.50. 

Star  Theatre  (owned  by  Theodore  Moss  and  managed  for  him  by 
Charles  S.  Burnham),  north-east  corner  of  Broadway  and  East  13th  street. 
This  was  the  second  Wallack's  Theatre,  opened  as  such  in  1861.  Here 
English  comedy  was  performed  by  Lester  Wallack,  John  Gilbert,  John 
Brougham,  George  Holland,  Owen  Marlowe,  Mark  Smith,  A.  W.  Young, 
Charles  Fisher,  Charles  Mathews,  Mrs.  Vernon,  Madeline  Henriques, 
Mary  Gannon,  Effie  Germon,  Mme.  Ponisi,  Ada  Dyas,  Rose  Coghlan, 
Harry  Becket,  H.  J.  Montague.  The  Robertson  comedies,  the  old  comedies, 
and  Boucicault's  "Shaughraun"  with  the  author  as  Conn,  are  among  its 
glorious  memories.  From  Sept.  13,  1881,  to  Jan.  1883,  the  house  was  called 
the  Germania,  and  German  plays  were  acted  there  under  the  direction  of 
Adolph  Neuendorff,  Friederich  Haase  and  Ludwig  Barnay  being  the  most 
notable  "stars."  Since  Jan.  10,  1883,  the  house  has  had  its  present  name, 
and  has  been  conducted  on  the  combination  plan.  Henry  Irving  and  Ellen 
Terry,  Lawrence  Barrett  and  Edwin  Booth,  Helena  Modjeska  and  Mary 
Anderson  have  played  there.  In  recent  years  William  H.  Crane's  annual 
performances  in  modern  American  comedy  have  been  notable.  The  seat- 
ing capacity  is  1,900,  and  the  best  seats  (except  in  extraordinary  engage- 
ments) are  sold  for  $1.50.     There  are  710  orchestra  chairs,  470  balcony 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  43 

chairs,  and  720  seats  in  the  upper  gallery.  The  value  of  a  full  house  at  the 
usual  prices  is  $1,945. 

Thalia  Theatre,  east  side  of  the  Bowery,  south  of  Canal  street,  the  Old 
Bowery  Theatre,  lately  used  for  German  performances.  One  of  the  most 
commodious  theatres  in  this  country.  Built  in  1S26,  it  was  burned  May  24, 
1828,  Sept.  22,  1836,  Feb.  18,  1838,  April  25,  1845.  The  present  building 
was  opened  in  August,  1845.  All  the  famous  actors  of  the  palmy  days 
appeared  on  that  stage.     Since  Sept.  11,  1879,  it  has  been  called  the  Thalia. 

Theatre  Comique,  Harlem,  West  125th  street,  near  Third  avenue, 
opened  in  1884-5,  renamed  the  Harlem  Theatre,  May,  1890. 

Third  Avenue  Theatre  (Jacobs's),  southeast  corner  of  Third  avenue 
and  East  31st  street,  now  a  popular  low-priced  theatre.  Opened  for  dra- 
matic performances  as  long  ago  as  July  26th,  1875.  Afterward,  for  a  time, 
it  was  called  the  American  Theatre  (variety).  Reconstructed  and  opened 
as  The  Third  Avenue,  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKee  Rankin,  Sept.  3,  1883. 
Kate  Claxton  took  it  for  a  brief  period,  1884.  It  was  also  called  the  Apollo, 
and  used  briefly  as  a  German  theatre.  J.  M.  Hill  renamed  it  the  Third 
Avenue,  Sept.  7,  1885.  Prices,  under  the  present  management,  range  from 
15  cents  to  $1.  Seating  capacity,  2,463.  The  orchestra  has  652  seats,  the 
balcony  581,  and  the  gallery  1,160,  while  there  are  80  box  seats.  The  value 
of  a  full  house  is  $792.75.  Plays  to  suit  the  great  multitude  which  prefers 
quantity  to  quality  are  given  there. 

Tony  Pastor's  Theatre  (variety),  in  the  Tammany  Building,  East  14th 
street,  north  side,  between  Irving  Place  and  Third  avenue.  Originally 
Byant's  Minstrel  Hall,  it  became  the  Germania  Theatre,  for  German  plays. 
Tony  Pastor,  the  oldest  and  best  known  manager  of  variety  shows  in  New 
Vork,  took  the  house  Oct.  10,  1881.  Prices  range  from  25  cents  to  $1. 
Fashionable  folks  make  up  parties  to  go  there  and  hear  Maggie  Cline  sing. 

Union  Square  Theatre,  East  14th  street,  between  Broadway  and 
Fourth  avenue,  built  by  Sheridan  Shook  on  land  owned  by  the  Courtlandt 
Palmer  estate.  Opened  for  variety  performances,  Sept.  11,  1871,  and  for 
dramatic  performances  of  a  high  order  of  merit,  under  the  management  of 
Albert  M.  Palmer,  Sept.  17,  1872.  Sardou's  "Agnes"  ("Andrea"),  then  pro- 
duced for  the  first  time,  ran  one  hundred  nights.  Mr.  Palmer  made  the 
name  of  the  theatre  famous  for  strong  plays,  fine  scenery  and  good  acting. 
Among  the  plays  were  "The  Centenarian,"  "The  Geneva  Cross,"  "Led 
Astray,"  "The  Two  Orphans,"  "The  Danicheffs,"  "The  Sphinx,"  "Miss 
Multon,"  "Ferreol,"  "The  Rantzaus,"  "Mother  and  Son,"  "A  Celebrated 
Case,"  "Daniel  Rochat,"  "The  Banker's  Daughter,"  and  "A  Parisian 
Romance."  Among  the  actors,  from  time  to  time,  were  Charles  R.  Thorne, 
Jr.,  Charles  Coghlan,  Richard  Mansfield,  Frederic  Robinson,  Mark  Smith, 
John  Parselle,  Stuart  Robson,  J.  H.  Stoddart,  J.  B.   Polk,    F.    F.   Mackay, 


44  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKee  Rankin,  Mrs.  Wilkins,  Sara  Jewett,  Rose  Eytinge, 
Linda  Dietz,  Clara  Morris,  and  Fanny  Morant.  Mr.  Palmer  retired  from 
the  management,  April  30,  1883.  Two  years  later  the  famous  company  was 
disbanded.  J.  M.  Hill  secured  the  lease,  1885.  The  house  was  burned  in 
the  spring  of  1888,  and  the  present  structure  was  opened  March  27,  1889. 
The  present  managers  are  Green  wall  &  Pearson,  and  they  play  "combina- 
tions." The  best  seats  are  sold  for  $1.50.  There  are  426  in  the  orchestra, 
232  in  the  balcony  and  744  in  the  gallery.  The  value  of  a  full  house  is 
$1,500. 

Windsor  Theatre,  Bowery,  east  side,  south  of  Canal  street,  on  the 
site  of  the  famous  old  Stadt  Theatre  where  German  plays  and  operas  were 
given.  The  Stadt  was  renamed  the  Windsor  and  used  for  English  plays, 
at  cheap  prices.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  Nov.  30,  1883.  The  present  com- 
modious house  was  opened,  Feb.  8,  1886.  It  is  conducted  by  Frank  B. 
Murtha  on  the  "combination"  plan,  prices  ranging  from  25  cents  to  $1. 
There  are  700  seats  in  the  orchestra,  450  in  the  balcony  and  1,000  in  the 
gallery.  The  house  "holds"  about  $1,000.  Melodrama  and  farce  are  equal- 
ly popular  with  the  frequenters. 

Other  Places  of  Amusement. — At  the  dime  museums,  freaks  and  curi- 
osities are  exhibited  and  stage  performances,  frequently  of  shortened  plays, 
are  given  at  short  intervals.  Worth's  Museum  is  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  6th  Ave.  and  30th  street;  Huber's,  on  the  south  side  of  East  14th  street, 
opposite  Irving  Place,  and  Doris's,  on  the  west  side  of  8th  Ave.,  near  26th 
street.  In  the  Cyclorama  Building,  southeast  corner  4th  avenue  and 
East  19th  street,  there  is  a  permanent  exhibition  of  the  panorama  of  Niag- 
ara Falls.  Behr  Bros.'  Hall,  at  81  Fifth  avenue;  Lyric  Hall,  east  side  of 
Sixth  avenue,  near  42d  street;  the  Lyceum  Opera  House,  south  side  of  E. 
34th  street,  near  3d  avenue,  are  used  for  concerts  and  entertainments,  and 
there  is  a  small  theatre  in  the  building  of  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club, 
at  Madison  Ave.  and  E.  45th  street,  that  is  frequently  used  for  amateur 
theatricals. 

The  Atlantic  Garden,  west  side  of  the  Bowery,  near  Canal  street,  has 
long  been  a  famous  resort  for  Germans  who  like  to  hear  music  while  they  drink 
their  beer.  Resorts  of  a  similar  character  are  the  Harlem  Concert  Hall, 
2d  Ave.,  corner  of  E.  126th  street;  Lion  Park,  Columbus  Ave.  and  W. 
106th  street,  and  the  Fourteenth  Street  Music  Hall,  134  East  14th  street. 

There  are  two  theatres  in  Jersey  City,  the  Academy  of  Music  and  the 
Opera  House,  and  one  in  Hoboken,  conducted  on  the  "combination"  plan, 
as  are  all  the  permanently  open  theatres  in  Brooklyn.  Here  is  a  list  of  the 
Brooklyn  theatres,  which,  of  course,  depend  entirely  upon  local  support: 

Academy  of  Music,  Montague  street,  near  Clinton;  Amphion,  Bedford 
Ave.  and  South  9th  street;   Bedford  Avenue  Theatre,   South  6th  street 


INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS.  45 

near  Bedford  Ave. ;  Columbia,  Washington  and  Hicks  streets;  Criterion, 
Fulton  street  and  Grand  avenue;  Grand  Opera  House,  Elm  Place,  near 
Fulton  street;  Hyde  &  Behman's  Theatre,  Adams  street,  near  Myrtle  aven- 
ue; Lee  Avenue  Academy,  Lee  Ave.,  near  Division  Ave.;  New  Lyceum, 
Montrose  avenue,  corner  of  Leonard  street;  Park,  Fulton  street,  opposite 
City  Hall;  Robbin's  Novelty,  South  4th  and  Driggs  streets,  and  Holmes's 
Star  Theatre,  Jay  street,  near  Fulton. 


fERI0E)l<3  EXJHIBITIOJMS. 


Pictures — American   Institute    Fair — Horse,  Dog,  Poultry  and   Flower 
Shows  —  Pure  Foods. 


New  York  has  many  annual  and  semi-annual  exhibitions  that  are  of 
national  fame.  Many  large  fairs  for  benevolent  objects  are  held  every  win- 
ter. The  Madison  Square  Garden  is  often  available  for  such  purposes,  and 
the  big  Opera  House,  its  assembly  rooms,  the  Carnegie  Music  Hall,  and  the 
fine  armories  of  the  Seventh  and  other  National  Guard  Regiments  are  fre- 
quently used.  The  Actors'  Fund  fair  in  the  Madison  Square  Garden  in  the 
spring  of  1892  secured  for  that  charitable  institution  a  fund  of  nearly 
$200,000. 

The  permanent  exhibitions  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  and  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  Lenox  Library  and  New  York 
Historical  Society  are  noticed  elsewhere.  Collections  of  paintings  and  other 
works  of  art  well  worth  the  attention  of  strangers  in  the  city  are  occasion- 
ally on  view  in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Art  Gallery,  366  Fifth  Ave. ;  Knoedlcr's 
(Goupil's),  Fifth  Ave.  and  West  22d  street,  and  Schaus's,  204  Fifth  Ave. 
These  and  other  art  exhibitions,  such  as  the  occasional  shows  of  the  Salma- 
gundi and  New  York  Etching  Clubs,  cannot  be  actually  set  down  as  peri- 
odical exhibitions.     The  art  exhibitions  held  regularly  are: 

American  Art  Association,  6  East  23d  street,  pictures  and  statuary, 
two  exhibitions,  spring  and  autumn. 

American  Artists,  Society  of,  6  East  23d  street,  annual  exhibition  of 
pictures  and  statuary,  May. 

American  Water  Color  Society,  annual  exhibition  in  the  Academy  ot 
Design,  23d  street  and  Fourth  avenue,  January. 

Architectural  League,  48  West  24th  street,  annual  exhibition  of  de- 
signs in  January. 

National  Academy  of  Design,  northwest  corner  of  23d  street  and 
Fourth  avenue,  annual  exhibition  of  pictures  and  statuary,  April  and  May; 
"Fall  Academy,"  a  second  exhibition,  November  and  December. 

New  York  Water  Color  Club,  exhibition  in  the  American  Art  Galler- 
ies, 6  East  23d  street,  November  and  December. 


PERIODIC   EXHIBITIONS.  47 

Apart  from  these  picture  shows,  some  further  account  of  which  ma}'  .be 
found  in  the  chapters  on  art  and  architecture,  the  periodical  exhibitions  of 
New  York  are  numerous  and  interesting.  The  oldest  of  them  is  the  fair  of 
the  American  Institute,  which  resembles  the  county  fairs  of  the  rural  dis- 
tricts, except  that  thei"e  is  no  horse  racing  and  live  stock  is  not  admitted — 
New  York  has  not  had  a  regular  cattle  show  for  many  years — and  that  manu- 
factures dominate  instead  of  agricultural  products.  A  visit  to  this  fair  is 
always  worth  while.  The  society  of  the  American  Institute  was  char- 
tered in  1829,  "to  encourage  and  promote  domestic  industry  in  agriculture, 
commerce,  manufactures  and  the  arts  and  any  improvements  made  there- 
in." Its  annual  exhibition,  described  more  minutely  in  the  appended  list,  is 
under  charge  of  a  board  of  directors.  The  institute  has  its  offices  at 
Nos.  111-115  West  38th  street,  where  its  scientific  library  is  kept  and 
its  various  branches  meet.  These  are:  the  Farmers'  Club,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  committee  on  agriculture,  meeting  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month  at  2  o'clock  P.  M. ;  the  Polytechnic,  under  the  direction  of  the  com- 
mittee on  manufactures  and  machinery,  meeting  to  discuss  scientific  sub- 
jects and  new  inventions,  the  third  Thursday  of  each  month  at  8  o'clock 
P.  M.;  the  Photographic  Section,  under  the  direction  of  the  committee  on 
chemistry  and  optics,  meeting  the  first  Tuesday  of  each  month  at  8  o'clock 
P.  M.  All  these  meetings  are  free  to  the  public.  The  Institute  is  governed 
by  a  board  of  13  trustees,  of  whom  the  president,  two  vice-presidents  and 
two  members  are  retired  and  others  elected  annually. 

The  American  Institute  Fair  is  popular  and  useful,  its  influence  is  far 
reaching,  but  it  is  not  "fashionable"  like  some  of  the  big  annual  shows  in 
the  Madison  Square  Garden.  These  are  useful,  too.  The  dog  show,  for 
instance,  has  greatly  increased  the  public  knowledge  of  dogs,  the  value  of 
them  and  their  care.  The  uses  of  the  splendid  yearly  horse  show  are  evi- 
dent, and  the  comparatively  new  pigeon  and  poultry  show,  during  which  the 
cackling,  crowing  and  quacking  of  the  fowls  make  the  big  amphitheatre 
an  even  noisier  place  than  the  baying,  whining  and  barking  that  confuse 
the  uninitiated  visitor  at  the  dog  show,  is  also  doing  good  work.  The  Food 
Exposition  is  a  new  enterprise  which  is  designed  to  cover  a  larger  field  than 
the  excellent  annual  exhibition  of  the  Retail  Grocers  in  Lenox  Lyceum. 
The  flower  shows  grow  in  beauty  each  year,  and  are  now  the  only  regular 
exhibitions  of  their  kind  in  the  city,  though  occasional  chrysanthemum 
shows  have  been  held  in  the  Eden  Musee. 

American  Institute  Fair,  held  every  autumn  since  1829.  Since  1869  these 
yearly  industrial  exhibitions  have  been  held  in  the  large  structure  in  Third 
and  Second  avenues,  between  63d  and  East  64th  streets.  The  fair  opens  each 
year  about  Oct.  1,  and  closes  about  Nov.  30.  There  are  seven  departments, 
namely,  "Fine  Arts  and  Education,"  "  The  Dwelling,"  "  Dress  and  Handi- 


48  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

craft,"  "  Chemistry  and  Mineralogy,"  "  Engines  and  Machinery,"  "  Inter- 
communication," "  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,"  and  each  of  these  is  sub- 
divided into  seven  groups.  The  exhibition  in  machinery  hall,  at  the  east 
end  of  the  building,  is  always  extremely  interesting.  Awards  of  medals 
are  made  by  a  committee.  An  entrance  fee  of  25  cents  is  charged  to  the 
public. 

Bench  Show,  the  annual  exhibition  of  dogs,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Westminster  Kennel  Club,  in  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  in  February. 
For  17  years  this  has  steadily  grown  in  popularity.  From  1,200  to  1,500 
animals  are  exhibited  for  prizes,  from  the  biggest  mastiffs  and  St.  Bernards 
to  the  finest  toy  dogs.  These  represent  40  or  50  breeds.  The  average  at- 
tendance is  about  35,000  for  the  four  or  five  days,  and  as  much  as  $8,000  is 
sometimes  given  in  premiums. 

Flower  Shows — (I.)  The  Chrysanthemum  Show,  first  week  in  No- 
vember, in  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  under  the  auspices  of  the  New 
York  Florists'  Club.  An  admission  fee  of  50  cents  is  charged.  Music  is 
given  by  Lander's  band.  The  premiums  amount  to  $6,500,  and  competition 
is  open  to  all.  Adolph  Ladenburg  is  the  chairman,  and  William  Plumb  the 
manager.  Many  ladies  well  known  in  New  York  society  are  "patronesses." 
Besides  chrysanthemums,  orchids  and  other  flowers  are  exhibited.  (II.) 
Rose  show,  or  spring  flower  show,  under  the  same  auspices,  in  the  Madison 
Square  Garden,  last  week  in  April.  The  premiums  amount  to  $6,500. 
Besides  all  varieties  of  roses  and  orchids,  the  collection  of  spring  bulb 
plants  is  very  large,  including  hyacinths,  narcissus  and  tulips. 

Food  Exposition,  Madison  Square  Garden,  four  weeks  in  October. 
Food  products  and  manufactured  and  prepared  articles  of  food  only  are  al- 
lowed on  exhibition.  Every  article  is  examined  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 
Liquors,  patent  medicines,  &c,  are  not  admitted.  Daniel  Browne  is  the 
general  manager.  The  amphitheatre  and  exhibition  hall  adjacent  to  it,  in- 
cluding the  tunnel  under  the  tiers  of  seats,  the  concert  hall,  assembly  room 
and  restaurant,  are  used.  Prices  of  booths  to  exhibitors  range  from  $600  to 
$55.  The  admission  fee  to  the  public  is  50  cents.  Concerts  are  given  af- 
ternoon and  evening  by  Anton  Seidl's  famous  orchestra.  Lecture^  are  also 
given,  and  the  department  of  cookery  is  directed  by  Maria  Parloa.  The 
dairy  department  includes  four  exhibits  of  cattle  representing  the  Jersey, 
Guernsey,  Ayrshire  and  Holstein.  The  milk  and  cream  are  separated  by 
an  electric  centrifugal  machine.     The  churning  is  also  done  by  electricity. 

Horse  Show,  Madison  Square  Garden,  middle  of  November,  for  eight 
years  has  been  the  most  fashionable  of  all  the  periodic  shows.  Boxes  for 
the  short  season  are  sold  by  auction  for  from  $300  to  $1,000.  The  amphi- 
theatre is  always  crowded,  and  it  is  a  fad  of  society  to  dress  well  for  this 
show.     Prices  for   single   admission   are   from   $1  to    $1.50.     Fashionable 


PERIODIC   EXHIBITIONS.  49 

women,  in  rich  costumes,  throng  the  boxes  and  the  terraces,  and  many 
wear  the  horse  show  colors,  orange  and  black.  The  "  hunting  set"  are  in 
their  glory  in  horse  show  week.  The  exhibition  of  fine  hunters  by  their 
owners  is  one  of  the  most  striking  features.  More  than  1,000  animals  are 
entered  to  compete  for  prizes,  including  besides  the  hunters,  saddle  horses, 
hackneys,  cobs,  coaching  horses,  ponies,  &c.  The  directors  of  the  horse 
show  are  Cornelius  Fellowes,  John  G.  Hecksher,  Lawrence  Kip,  W.  P. 
Wharton,  Thomas  Hitchcock,  Jr.,  H.  H.  Hollister,  H.  I.  Nicholas,  F.  K. 
Sturgis,  F.  Bronson,  F.  T.  Underhill,  H.  W.  F.  Mali,  C.  P.  Wetmore  and  J. 
T.  Hyde. 

Poultry  and  Pigeon  Show,  Madison  Square  Garden,  in  February, 
has  been  established  only  four  years,  but  holds  its  own  for  profit  and  inter- 
est with  the  other  big  shows  of  the  year.  The  exhibits  include  all  varieties 
of  domesticated  fowls  and  pigeons.  More  than  5,000  specimens  are  on  view 
at  a  time. 

Retail  Grocers'  Exposition,  under  the  auspices  af  the  New  York  Re- 
tail Grocers'  Union,  Henry  Dreyer,  president;  L.  J.  Callanan,  manager,  in 
Lenox  Lyceum,  Madison  avenue  and  59th  street,  about  the  third  week  in 
March.  The  exhibits  include  all  manufactured  articles  sold  by  grocers,  food 
predominating.  Processes  of  cooking  are  shown,  and  samples  of  food  pre- 
sented to  visitors.  The  enterprise  is  three  years  old  and  permanently  es- 
tablished. With  the  profits  a  fund  has  been  made  for  the  erection  of  the 
building  of  the  Union  in  East  57th  street.     The  admission  fee  is  25  cents. 


RESORTS  AND  EX6UF(SI0^S. 


Where  to  Pass  an   Hour  or  Two  Pleasantly  or  Go  for  a  Day's  Outing 
or  a  More  Prolonged  Holiday. 


New  York  City  had  justly  been  termed  "the  greatest  summer  resort 
city  of  the  United  States."  No  other  American  city  can  compare  with  it  in 
the  number  of  near-by  resorts  and  points  of  interest.  Within  a  fifty  mile 
radius  are  dozens  of  resorts  whose  names  are  known  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  and  with  New  York  as  a  base  of  operations,  the  visitor  can  readily 
pass  an  entire  summer  in  visiting  a  new  place  each  day.  He  can  drink  his 
fill  of  mountain,  woodlawn  and  seaside,  and  yet  be  able  to  spend  his  nights 
in  the  city.  If  he  be  not  adverse  to  two-day  trips  he  can  inspect  many  of  the 
most  famous  seaside  and  mountain  resorts  of  the  new  world.  In  almost 
every  case,  the  excursion  fares  are  remarkably  low  and  the  travelling  facili- 
ties are  unsurpassed  in  point  of  comfort  and  safety.  New  York  is  also  easily 
first  among  American  cities  in  the  matter  of  atractive  resorts  within,  as 
well  as  just  outside  its  gates. 

Parks. 

Abingdon  Square. — A  plaza  at  the  intersection  of  Eighth  avenue  and 
Hudson  street,  in  the  district  once  known  as  Greenwich  Village. 

Battery  Park. — A  semi-circular  plot  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
Manhattan  Island,  extending  from  the  former  landing  station  for  immi- 
grants on  North  River,  familiarly  known  as  "  Castle  Garden,"  to  the  Barge 
Office.  The  Dutch  settlers  who  colonized  the  Island  erected  fortifica- 
tions at  its  southern  end,  on  or  near  the  site  of  Battery  Park;  hence 
its  name.  The  park,  so-called,  is  an  uninclosed  section  of  sodded 
ground  fronting  on  New  York  Bay,  from  whose  waters  it  is  protected  by  a 
stone  sea  wall.  It  has  a  wide  walk  on  its  outer  edge,  well  supplied  with 
seats,  whence  the  interesting  panorama  of  the  bay  may  be  watched.  There 
is  a  music  stand  in  the  center  of  the  Park,  and  free  concerts  are  here  given 
at  least  once  a  week  during  the  summer  months,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Park  Commissioners.  Half  a  century  or  so  ago  the  vicinity  of  Battery 
Park  was  the  fashionable  residence  locality  of  the  city,  and  many  of  the 
quaint  mansions  of  the  old  time  grandees  of  New  York  fronted  on  Battery 


RESORTS   AND    EXCURSIONS.  51 

Park.  At  present,  the  locality  is  given  over  to  great  office  buildings,  Con- 
sular offices,  Immigrant  Agencies  and  stores.  All  four  of  the  elevated  rail- 
roads have  their  southern  termini  at  South  Ferry,  just  north  of  the  Barge 
Office,  and  the  tracks  of  the  two  west  side  lines  skirt  the  Park,  despite  the 
hue  and  cry  which  followed  the  announcement  of  the  impending  ' '  desecra- 
tion." 

Bowling  Green. — This  small  circular  park  at  the  lower  end  of  Broad- 
way and  abutting  on  Battery  Place  is  chiefly  interesting  from  a  historical 
standpoint.  It  is  merely  a  small  enclosed  grass  plot,  provided  with  a  few 
seats,  and  is  chiefly  frequented  by  children  and  loungers.  Its  history  is 
elsewhere  sketched. 

Bryant  Park. — A  pretty  bit  of  grass  occupying  the  western  half  of 
the  double  block  bounded  by  Fifth  and  Sixth  avenues  and  Fortieth  and 
Forty-second  streets.  The  eastern  half  of  the  block  is  given  up  to  the 
Reservoir  whence  Croton  water  is  distributed  to  the  lower  half  of  Man- 
hattan Island.  Like  most  of  the  parks  in  the  uptown  residence  section, 
Bryant  Park  is  much  frequented  by  the  children  of  the  well-to-do  families 
residing  in  the  vicinity.  After  dark  in  summer  its  many  seats  are  used  by 
a  motley  crowd  of  strangers  and  unfortunates. 

Central  Park. — One  of  the  most  beautiful  public  parks  in  America,  and 
one  of  the  finest  parks  in  the  world.  It  lies  in  the  very  centre  of  the  city, 
covers  about  840  acres,  and  is  a  striking  monument  to  the  foresight  of  the 
rulers  of  the  New  York  City  of  forty  years  ago,  who  made  allowance  for  an 
extraordinary  development  of  the  city,  and  generously  provided  for  the 
"greater  New  York"  of  future  generations.  Bounded  as  it  is  by  59th 
street  on  the  south  and  110th  street  on  the  north,  and  stretching  from 
5th  to  8th  avenues,  it  occupies  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  city  blocks. 
Appraised  in  accordance  with  the  value  of  real  estate  in  the  vicinity  the 
land  alone,  minus  improvements,  would  sell  in  the  market  for  scores,  if  not 
hundreds,  of  millions  of  dollars.  The  land  was  purchased  by  virtue  of 
legislative  enactment,  and  the  work  of  laying  out  the  vast  tract  of  then 
wild  and  rocky  land  was  begun  in  1857.  Under  the  direction  of  Calvert 
Vaux  and  Frederic  Law  Olmsted,  landscape  architects,  comprehensive  and 
far-sighted  plans  for  the  reclamation  and  development  of  the  tract 
were  prepared,  and  nature  and  art  happily  combined  have  converted  the 
once  useless  land  into  the  most  popular  local  resort  for  all  classes  of  New 
York's  citizens  and  visitors.  One  of  the  chief  beauties  of  the  Park  is  its 
natural  topography.  Although  every  tree  and  knoll  and  valley  and  sheet 
of  water  in  its  diversified  area  was  carefully  planned  on  paper,  the  creators 
of  the  Park  did  not  attempt  to  substitute  art  for  nature,  but  rather  to 
mould  the  latter's  handiwork.  Many,  if  not  most  of  the  rocks,  vales, 
streams  and  wooded  areas  were  left  undisturbed,   and  the  art    of  the 


52  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO  NEW  YORK. 

landscape  artist  was  applied  only  when  absolutely  necessary.  Hundreds 
of  trees  were  planted  with  a  view  to  their  effect  when  fully  grown,  and 
now  that  sufficient  time  for  the  working  out  of  the  artists'  plans  has  passed, 
the  wisdom  of  their  work  is  apparent.  Dozens  of  drives  and  walks  intersect 
the  Park,  and  render  access  to  any  desired  spot  easy  for  those  on  foot  or 
horseback  or  in  carriages.  No  vehicles  employed  in  business,  however,  are 
permitted  to  enter  the  Park,  sunken  east-and-west  roads,  commonly  known 
as  "  transverse  roads,"  being  provided  at  65th,  79th,  85th  and  97th  streets 
for  the  convenience  of  conveyances  of  this  kind  in  crossing  the  city.  These 
transverse  roads  are  so  depressed  as  to  be  practically  out  of  sight,  and 
hence  no  evidences  of  prosaic  business  life  are  apparent  in  the  poetic  envi- 
ronments of  the  Park.  At  the  intersections  of  the  various  drives  and  walks 
the  "transverse  roads"  are  spanned  by  ornamental  arches  and  bridges. 
Within  the  boundaries  of  Central  Park  are  attractions  and  facilities  for 
enjoyment  for  all  classes.  The  wealthy  and  well-to-do  classes  for  the  most 
part  find  their  enjoyment  in  the  Park  in  driving  ;  the  less  fortunate  masses 
patronize  the  innumerable  walks  and  various  points  of  interest ;  the  chil- 
dren of  both  poor  and  rich  seek  recreation  on  the  portions  set  apart  as  play 
grounds.  The  drives,  for  the  most  part  between  50  and  60  feet  in  width, 
measure  all  told  about  nine  miles;  the  walks  and  footpaths  for  pedestrians, 
nearly  thirty  miles;  the  bridle  paths  for  equestrians  about  six  miles.  The 
drives  and  bridle  paths  are  utilized  the  year  around;  the  walks  are  thickly 
peopled  only  in  warm  weather,  although  more  or  less  patronized  by  peripa- 
tetic citizens  even  in  the  coldest  weather.  Except  in  the  severest  winter 
weather,  scores  of  well-appointed  private  and  hired  equipages  may  be  seen 
in  the  Park  any  afternoon.  In  warm  weather,  particularly  on  Saturday  and 
Sunday  afternoons,  the  display  of  turnouts  is  imposing  and  well  worth  the 
visitor's  attention.  Benches  and  seats  are  provided  beside  all  the  principal 
walks,  and  altogether  there  are  seating  accommodations  for  about  10,000 
people  within  the  limits  of  the  Park.  There  are  also  about  thirty  buildings, 
and  the  central  portion  of  the  Park  is  thickly  studded  with  statues.  The  whole 
area  is  thoroughly  patroled  by  uniformed  policemen,  and  any  of  these  offi- 
cers will  direct  visitors  to  desired  points.  The  principal  objects  of  interest 
are  the  Ball  Ground,  the  Belvedere,  the  Carousal,  the  Casino,  the  "  Com- 
mons," the  Dairy,  the  various  lakes,  the  "  Mall,"  the  Menagerie,  the  Meteor- 
ological Observatory,  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  the  Obelisk,  the 
Ramble,  the  Reservoirs,  the  Terrace,  and  the  Restaurant,  known  as 
McGown's  Pass  Tavern.  Each  of  these  is  briefly  referred  to  below  under 
its  proper  head.  Those  bent  on  a  visit  to  the  Park  may  reach  it  directly  by 
the  Sixth,  Seventh  or  Eighth  Avenue  street  car  lines,  by  one  of  the  central 
cross  town  lines  running  through  59th  street,  or  by  the  Fifth  Avenue 
stages,  which,  however,  do  not  run  on  Sunday.     Almost  any  of  the  avenue 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  53 

lines  of  surface  or  elevated  railroads  will  land  the  visitor  within  easy  walk- 
ing distance  of  one  or  other  of  the  nineteen  entrances.  The  conductors  on 
street  car  lines  and  the  guards  on  elevated  roads  will  inform  strangers 
where  to  get  off  to  reach  any  particular  portion  of  the  Park.  The  nineteen 
entrances  to  the  Park  will  eventually  be  marked  by  ornamental  arches  and 
gates;  at  present  they  are  merely  breaks  in  the  low  stone  wall  surrounding 
the  Park.     They  have,  however,  been  named  as  follows: 

Fifth  avenue  and  Fifty-ninth  street — Scholars'  Gate;  Sixth  avenue  and 
59th  street — Artists'  Gate;  Seventh  avenue  and  59th  street — Artisans'  Gate; 
Eighth  avenue  and  59th  street — Merchants'  Gate;  Fifth  avenue  and  57th 
street — Students'  Gate;  Fifth  avenue  and  72nd  street — Children's  Gate; 
Sixth  avenue  and  79th  street — Miners'  Gate;  Fifth  avenue  and  90th  street — 
Engineers'  Gate;  Fifth  avenue  and  96th  street — Woodman's  Gate;  Fifth 
avenue  and  102nd  street — Girls'  Gate;  Fifth  avenue  and  110th  street — 
Pioneers'  Gate;  Sixth  avenue  and  110th  street — Framers'  Gate;  Seventh 
avenue  and  110th  street — Warriors'  Gate;  Eighth  avenue  and  110th  street — 
Strangers'  Gate;  Eighth  avenue  and  100th  street — Boys'  Gate;  Eighth 
avenue  and  96th  street — Gate  of  All  Saints;  Eighth  avenue  and  85th  street 
— Mariners'  Gate;  Eigth  avenue  and  79th  street — Hunters'  Gate;  Eighth 
avenue  and  72nd  stret — Women's  Gate. 

The  points  of  interest  which  are  especially  worth  a  visit,  are  the  follow- 
ing.    For  convenience  they  are  arrangod  in  alphabetical  order: 

Ball  Ground — A  stretch  of  lawn  about  10  acres  in  extent  set  apart  for 
the  use  of  school-boys  under  fifteen  years  of  age.  Nearest  gate,  Seventh 
avenue  and  59th  street.  Just  north  of  the  Ball  Ground  is  a  croquet  ground 
and  still  further  north  is  a  large  space  reserved  for  tennis  playing.  Those 
desiring  to  play  either  of  these  games  must  secure  permits  from  the  Park 
Commissioners. 

Belvedere — A  pretty  stone  look-out  tower  commanding  an  excellent 
view  of  the  lower  section  of  the  Park.  It  stands  on  the  highest  ground  in 
the  Park,  on  the  edge  of  the  old  reservoir.  Nearest  entrances,  Fifth 
avenue  and  79th  street,  and  Eighth  avenue  and  79th  street. 

Carousel — A  section  of  the  Park  near  the  Ball  Ground  provided  with 
swings,  "Merry-go-rounds"  and  other  attractions  for  children.  Nearest  en- 
trance, Sixth  avenue  and  59th  street , 

Casino — A  pretty  stone  cottage  on  a  knoll  just  off  the  Mall  occupied  as 
a  restaurant  under  the  supervision  of  the  Park  Commissioners  by  virtue  of 
a  lease.  The  cuisine  and  service  are  faultless;  the  surroundings,  exceed- 
ingly picturesque.  Considering  the  quality  of  the  cooking  and  the  appoint- 
ments the  prices  charged  are  exceedingly  moderate  as  compared  with  those 
of  restaurants  of  like  excellence  in  the  city.  The  Casino  is  open  the  year 
around  and  in  summer  is  liberally  patronized,  a  particularly  popular  feature 


54  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

being  the  service  of  meals  at  tables  set  in  the  open  air.  Nearest  entrance, 
Fifth  avenue  and  72nd  street. 

Commons — Stretches  of  lawn  to  which  children  bent  on  play  and  more 
serious  visitors  have  free  access  at  times.  The  principal  "Common"  is 
north  of  the  Ball  Ground  and  is  noteworthy  on  account  of  the  flock  of  sheep 
thereon  pastured.  There  are  other  "Commons"  in  various  parts  of  the 
Park,  but  with  their  exception  visitors  are  forbidden  to  walk  on  the  grass. 
Nearest  entrance  to  the  principal  "Common,"  Eighth  Ave.  and  72nd 
street. 

Dairy — A  cottage,  near  the  Carousel,  where  milk  and  other  temper- 
ance beverages  are  sold.     Nearest  entrance,  Sixth   avenue  and  59th  street. 

Lakes — There  are  six  lakes,  or  pools,  within  the  park  territory,  the 
principal  one  being  just  north  of  the  Mall  in  the  central  portion  of  the  Park. 
It  covers  about  twenty  acres  and  is  practically  divided  into  two  portions  by 
a  strait  spanned  by  a  bridge.  Row  boats  are  provided,  and  visitors  may 
hire  them  at  the  rate  of  thirty  cents  an  hour  for  the  first  person  and  ten 
cents  for  each  additional  person,  or  may  secure  seats  with  a  party  at  the 
rate  of  ten  cents  an  hour  and  be  rowed  about  by  the  attendants.  There  is  a 
pretty  boat  house  at  the  southeastern  edge  of  the  lake,  whence  visitors  may 
view  the  charming  prospect,  and  in  the  Esplanade  just  south  of  the  Lake 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  Terrace  there  is  an  attractive  artificial  fountain 
modeled  after  the  story  of  the  pool  of  Bethesda  and  known  as  the  Bethesda 
fountain.  In  winter  when  the  lake  is  frozen  over  it  is  generally  utilized  for 
skating.  Nearest  entrance,  Fifth  avenue  and  72nd  street.  Next  in  point 
of  area  comes  the  sheet  of  water  known  as  the  "Harlem  Mere,"  which 
covers  12  1-2  acres.  It  lies  in  the  northeastern  corner  of  the  park  which 
has  not  yet  been  developed.  The  naturalness  of  the  surroundings,  however, 
makes  the  spot  a  picturesque  one.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  Mere  are  a  num- 
ber of  large  green  houses  for  the  cultivation  of  delicate  plants  to  be  used  in 
adorning  the  Park.  Nearest  entrance.  Fifth  avenue  and  110th  street. 
Other  pieces  of  water  within  the  limits  of  the  Park  are:  the  Pond,  which  covers 
about  5  acres  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  Park;  the  Conservatory 
Water,  which  is  near  the  entrance  at  5th  avenue  and  72nd  street  and  is  a 
favorite  resort  for  the  owners  of  miniature  yachts;  the  Pool,  which  lies 
near  the  gate  at  Eighth  avenue  and  100th  street;  and  the  Loch,  which  is  just 
north  of  the  Park.  Altogether,  there  are  about  43  acres  of  water-covered 
land  in  the  Park. 

The  Mall — Perhaps  the  most  interesting  single  feature  of  the  Park.  It 
is  a  broad  walk,  about  sixty  feet  in  width,  paved  with  asphalt,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  main  drive  to  the  Terrace,  nearly  half  a  mile  away.  Both 
sides  arc  lined  with  scats,  and  the  immense  trees  on  either  hand  in  summer 
form  an  arch  of  green  over  the  promenade.     During   the   warm   term   the 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  55 

Mali  is  the  most  popular  resort  on  pleasant  afternoons  and  on  Saturday  and 
Sunday  afternoons.  When  free  concerts  are  given  at  the  band  stand,  at 
the  northern  end  of  the  Mall,  the  promenade  is  so  crowded  as  to  be  almost 
impassable.  A  dozen  or  more  massive  statues  are  just  outside  the  bound- 
aries of  the  Mall.  Nearest  entrances,  Fifth  avenue  and  72nd  street,  and 
Eight  avenue  and  72nd  street. 

Menagerie — This  feature  of  the  Park  is  particularly  attractive  to  chil- 
dren, and  the  attendance  of  children  of  a  larger  growth  is  also  very  great 
during  the  summer  months.  The  Menagerie  building  proper  is  an  anti- 
quated structure  of  brick,  and  there  are  also  a  dozen  or  more  buildings  and 
cages  near  by  in  which  birds,  fish  and  fowl  are  exhibited.  Nearest  entrance, 
Fifth  avenue  and  64th  street. 

The  Meteorological  Observatory — The  Observatory  is  in  the  so-called 
"Arsenal"  building  in  which  the  Park  Police  also  have  quarters.  Visitors 
are  permitted  to  inspect  most  of  its  rooms,  but  with  the  competition  of  so 
many  more  interesting  features  the  Observatory  rather  suffers  in  the  way 
of  patronage.     Nearest  entrance,  Fifth  avenue  and  64th  street. 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art — This  attractive  feature  of  the  Park  is 
described  in  another  chapter. 

Obelisk — Otherwise  known  as  Cleopatra's  Needle.  A  description  of 
the  Monolith  will  be  found  in  another  chapter. 

Ramble — A  section  of  the  Park  between  the  lake  and  the  old  Reservoir 
which  abounds  in  winding  paths,  thickets,  bits  of  water,  and  charming 
scenery.  Not  the  least  of  its  attractions  is  a  cavern  in  the  solid  rock  known 
as  the  Cave.  Nearest  entrances,  Fifth  avenue  and  72nd  street,  and  Eighth 
avenue  and  72nd  street. 

Reservoirs — Artificial  storage  places  for  Croton  water  which  together 
have  a  capacity  of  more  than  1,150,000,000  gallons.  The  new  Reservoir, 
which  nearly  spans  the  park  between  86th  and  96th  streets,  has  a  walk  and 
bridal  path  running  around  it.  Nearest  entrances,  Fifth  avenue  and  79th 
or  90th  street,  and  Eighth  avenue  and  79th  or  85th  street. 

Terrace — This  most  notable  architectural  feature  of  the  Park  lies  at  the 
northern  end  of  the  Mall.  Just  below  it  in  the  Esplanade  is  the  Bethesda 
fountain  above  mentioned.  The  Terrace  was  designed  by  architect  Cal- 
vert Vaux,  is  constructed  of  close  grained  yellowish  stone,  and  presents  an 
imposing  appearance  from  the  lake,  suggestive  of  some  old  Roman  work. 
A  broad  flight  of  steps  leads  from  the  Mall  underneath  the  Terrace  to  the 
Esplanade  by  the  Lake,  and  on  both  sides  are  other  stairways.  The  view 
from  the  Terrace  is  undoubtedly  the  finest  to  be  had  in  the  Park,  including 
as  it  does  the  Esplanade,  Fountain  and  Lake  in  the  foreground,  the  superb 
drives  on  either  hand,  and  the  slowly  rising  woodland  with  a  bit  of  the  Bel- 
vedere Tower  in  the  back  ground.    Nearest  entrance,  Fifth  Ave.  and  72d  St. 


56  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

McGown's  Pass  Tavern — A  restaurant  substantially  similar  in  charac- 
ter and  patronage  to  the  Casino.  Nearest  entrance,  Fifth  avenue  and  io2d 
street. 

City  Hall  Park. — A  truncated  triangular  park,  just  north  of  the 
General  Post  Office,  which  formerly  included  the  land  now  occupied  by  the 
Post  Office  Building.  It  is  bounded  by  Broadway,  Park  Row,  Chambers 
and  Mail  streets.  The  City  Hall  stands  in  the  center  of  the  park,  and  close 
by  are  the  County  Court  House,  the  General  Sessions  building,  and  one  or 
two  other  less  important  public  buildings.  In  olden  days  City  Hall  Park 
was  the  only  public  park  in  the  city.  It  is  now  patronized  almost  exclusively 
by  tramps,  loungers  and  newsboys.  Occasionally  some  reputable  citizen  or 
stranger  in  the  city  lingers  for  a  moment  on  one  of  the  benches  with  which 
the  park  is  provided,  but,  as  a  rule,  unfortunates  have  it  pretty  much  to  them- 
selves. The  great  majority  of  people  passing  between  the  Brooklyn  Bridge 
and  the  west  side  elevated  road  pass  through  City  Hall  Park,  and,  of  course, 
the  denizens  of  the  park  would  not  be  permitted  to  haunt  it  were  their  con- 
duct in  any  way  objectionable.  Their  right  to  lounge  there,  however,  has 
the  force  of  common  law,  and  the  police  rarely  disturb  them,  except  now 
and  then  at  night  in  warm  weather,  when  every  bench  is  crowded  by  pen- 
niless men  and  boys  without  the  wherewithal  to  procure  a  night's  lodging. 

Cooper  Union  Park. — An  enclosed  bit  of  grass,  just  south  of  Cooper 
Union,  at  the  intersection  of  Third  and  Fourth  avenues. 

East  River  Park. — An  extensive  park,  on  the  extreme  east  side  of  the 
city,  which  extends  from  86th  to  89th  streets  and  fronts  directly  on  the 
East  River.  It  is  one  of  the  parks  in  which  free  concerts  are  regularly 
given  during  the  warm  weather,  under  direction  of  the  Park  Commis- 
sioners. 

Five  Points  Park — Otherwise  sarcastically  known  as  "  Paradise  Park." 
The  bit  of  ground  to  which  this  term  is  applied  lies  at  the  intersection  of 
Worth  and  Baxter  streets,  and  years  ago  was  famous,  or  rather  infamous, 
as  the  center  of  crime,  vice  and  misery  in  the  City  of  New  York.  So 
wretched  were  the  inhabitants  and  so  miserable  their  lives  that  some 
satirist  dubbed  the  open  space  at  the  Five  Points  "  Paradise  Park."  Various 
missionary  and  philanthropic  organizations  have  done  much  to  improve  the 
character  of  the  neighborhood  and  its  occupants;  but,  nevertheless,  the  un- 
sophisticated stranger  will  do  well  to  avoid  the  neighborhood  after  dark 
unless  accompanied  by  a  proper  guide. 

Gramercy  Park. — A  private  park,  lying  between  20th  and  21st  streets 
and  Third  and  Fourth  avenues,  controlled  by  the  owners  and  tenants  of 
the  houses  which  front  upon  it.  Cyrus  W.  Field,  Samuel  J.  Tilden  and 
many  other  noted  men  once  lived  on  Gramercy  Park,  and  even  to-day  the 
district  is  an  aristocratic  one. 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  f,T 

High  Bridge  Park. — An  unimproved  tract  of  land  lying  just  west  of 
the  approach  to  High  Bridge  which  spans  the  Harlem  River.  It  is  now 
unimproved,  but  it  will  eventually  be  terraced;  and,  situated  as  it  is  on  the 
brink  of  the  river,  it  will  make  a  charming  resort. 

Madison  Square. — One  of  the  most  inviting  parks  in  the  city,  thanks 
to  its  central  location  and  the  eminently  respectable  character  of  its  fre- 
quenters. It  is  bounded  by  Madison  and  Fifth  avenues  and  23d  and  26th 
streets,  and  is  within  pistol-shot  of  many  of  the  principal  hotels  and 
theatres.  Across  Madison  avenue,  at  its  northeast  corner,  stands  the  great 
Madison  Square  Garden  building.  The  park  is  the  rallying-place  for  chil- 
dren of  well-to-do  people  and  their  nurse  girls.  Throughout  the  entire  day, 
during  the  warm  season,  the  park  is  alive  with  the  children  and  their 
guardians,  and  the  picture  presented  by  the  park  full  of  tots  is  an  extremely 
pretty  one. 

Manhattan  Square.— This  term  is  applied  to  the  open  piece  of  ground 
lying  between  8th  and  9th  avenues  and  77th  and  81st  streets,  on  which 
stands  the  Museum  of  Natural  History.  The  Museum  is  described  else- 
where. 

Morningside  Park. — A  terraced  park  of  irregular  shape  lying  just 
northwest  of  Central  Park.  It  stretches  out  for  about  ten  blocks  to  123rd 
street  on  the  north,  and  in  parts  is  prettily  terraced.  The  land  occupied  by 
the  park  is  on  the  highest  ridge  on  Manhattan  Island,  and  the  view  from  it 
is  superb. 

Mount  Morris  Square. — This  park  lies  between  120th  and  124th  streets 
and  Mount  Morris  and  Madison  avenues,  and  directly  in  line  with  Fifth 
avenue,  which  at  this  point  is  interrupted.  Free  concerts  are  given  in  the 
park  in  warm  weather. 

Riverside  Park. — A  narrow  stretch  of  lawn  and  drive  extending  from 
72nd  street  to  130th  street  and  fronting  on  the  Hudson  River.  Its  average 
width  is  about  500  feet,  but  at  some  places  it  is  much  narrower.  The  fine 
drives  and  walks  overlooking  the  river  are  much  used  by  bicyclists  and 
people  who  drive  about  in  their  own  carriages.  A  deal  of  labor  has  been 
expended  in  beautifying  the  park,  yet  much  remains  to  be  done.  Aside 
from  the  magnificent  views  of  the  palisades  and  the  river  panorama  which 
the  park  commands,  its  chief  attraction  for  visitors  is  the  tomb  of  General 
Grant  at  the  northern  end  of  the  park.  The  imposing  monument  in  honor 
of  the  dead  warrior,  now  in  course  of  erection,  is  elsewhere  described. 

Stuyvesant  Square. — A  small  park  lying  between  15th  and  17th  streets, 
near  Second  avenue,  in  a  quiet  residential  neighborhood. 

Tompkins  Square. — A  large  public  park,  bounded  by  avenues  A  and  B 
and  7th  and  10th  streets.  Most  of  the  adjacent  and  adjoining  streets  are 
tenanted  by  people  of  the  working  class,  and  as  a  breathing  spot  for  the 


58  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

people  thus  huddled  together  in  tenements  the  park  has  fulfilled  a  commend- 
able mission.     Free  concerts  are  given  in  the  park  in  summer. 

Union  Square. — The  public  park  lying  between  Fourth  avenue  and 
Broadway  and  extending  northward  from  14th  to  17th  street.  A  superb 
fountain,  flower  beds,  and  a  cottage  at  the  northern  end,  are  the  most  not- 
able features  of  the  park.  Seventeenth  street  is  so  wide  at  the  point  where 
it  stretches  along  the  northern  boundary  of  Union  Square  that  a  plaza  is 
formed,  and.  in  this  plaza  innumerable  public  meetings  of  almost  every  con- 
ceivable description  have  been  held. 

Washington  Square. — Not  unlike  Union  Square  in  character,  although 
about  twice  as  large.  It  lies  between  University  Place,  MacDougal  street, 
Fourth  street,  and  Waverly  Place,  and  is  bisected  by  Fifth  avenue.  At  its 
northern  side,  where  Fifth  avenue  enters  the  park,  the  beautiful  Washing- 
ton Memorial  Arch,  elsewhere  described,  has  been  erected.  Free  concerts 
are  given  in  the  park  in  summer. 

Van  Courtlandt  Park. — The  largest  of  the  parks  of  New  York,  cover- 
ing an  area  of  1,069  acres.  It  is  north  of  the  Harlem  River,  and  is  yet  prac- 
tically unimproved.  A  large  space,  however,  has  been  cleared  and  set 
apart  by  law  as  a  parade  ground  and  rifle  range  for  the  use  of  the  militia- 
men of  New  York. 

Bronx  Park. — An  unimproved  natural  park  of  653  acres  lying  on  the 
banks  of  the  Bronx  River,  in  the  Twenty-third  ward.  There  has  been 
some  talk  of  locating  here  the  proposed  Botanical  Garden. 

Crotona  Park. — One  of  the  contemplated  parks  in  the  "Annexed  Dis- 
trict" now  known  as  the  23rd  and  24th  wards,  lying  north  of  the  Harlem 
River.     It  covers  135  acres. 

St.  Mary's  Park. — Unimproved.  It  is  in  Morrisiana,  and  covers  twenty- 
five  acres. 

Claremount  Park. — Located  near  the  east  approach  to  High  Bridge. 
No  improvements  have  yet  been  made. 

Pelham  Bay  Park.— A  park  fronting  on  Long  Island  sound  and  located 
in  Westchester  County,  which  when  developed  will  be  the  largest  New  York 
park,  having  an  area  of  1,700  acres.     It  is  only  staked  out. 

Drivos. 

Central  Park. — There  are  about  nine  miles  of  broad  and  well-kept 
drives  in  Central  Park.  Owing  to  their  accessibility  from  all  sections  of 
the  city  and  their  proximity  to  the  fashionable  residence  localities  they  are 
the  most  popular  and  most  patronized  drives  in  or  near  New  York  City. 
The  main  drive  is  that  leading  from  the  gate  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Fifty- 
ninth  street,  and  running  parallel  with  Fifth  avenue  for  a  mile  or  more.  It 
connects  with  all  the  other  drives,  and  one   has  only  to  enter  the  park  at 


RESORTS   AND    EXCURSIONS.  59 

any  of  the  driveway  entrances  to  make  his  way  to  any  desired  drive.  On 
any  afternoon,  except  in  the  most  severe  weather,  many  carriages  may  be 
seen  in  the  park,  and  on  Saturday  and  Sunday  afternoons  in  warm  weather 
the  display  of  handsomely-appointed  private  turnouts  is  a  remarkable  one, 
surpassing  anything  of  the  kind  to  be  seen  on  this  continent.  Those  who 
have  no  carriages  of  their  own  can  enjoy  a  drive  through  the  park  at  slight 
expense,  Open  carryalls,  managed  under  the  supervision  of  the  Park  Com- 
missioners, leave  the  gates  at  5th  avenue  and  59th  street  and  8th  avenue 
and  59th  street  at  short  intervals  during  the  day .  and  make  the  complete 
circuit  of  the  park.  The  fare  for  the  round  trip  is  twenty-five  cents,  and  by 
obtaining  "  stopover  checks,"  passengers  may  leave  the  carryall,  stroll  about 
at  will  and  return  by  another  carryall  without  extra  charge.  Hacks, 
barouches  and  hansoms*  are  always  in  waiting  near  the  the  principal  gates, 
and  those  who  care  to  pay  extra  for  privacy  can  hire  them,  making  the  best 
bargain  possible.  No  charge  should  be  more  than  $1.50  an  hour,  with  the 
privilege  of  mating  as  many  stops  as  may  be  desired. 

Boulevard. — Running,  as  this  wide  avenue  does,  from  Eighth  avenue 
and  Fifty-ninth  street  diagonally  northward  through  a  pleasing  section  of 
the  city  to  Eleventh  avenue  and  West  155th  street,  and  rendered  attractive 
by  strips  of  grass  plots  and  trees  in  its  center  for  much  of  the  way,  it  is 
considerably  utilized  for  driving.  In  exceptionally  dry  weather  its  lack  of 
paving  makes  driving  on  it  slightly  disagreeable,  but  at  all  other  times  it  is 
far  preferable  to  the  stone-paved  avenues. 

Central  Avenue. — The  continuation  of  Seventh  avenue  north  of  the 
Harlem  River,  starting  at  Central  Bridge,  formerly  known  as  McComb's 
Dam  Bridge.  Seventh  avenue  above  Central  Park  has  long  been  a  fash- 
ionable drive  and  on  pleasant  Sunday  afternoons  it  is  invariably  thronged 
with  handsome  equipages.  In  this  section  of  the  city  there  is  much  less 
interference  by  business  vehicles,  and  Seventh  avenue  and  its  northern 
continuation,  Central  avenue,  are  particularly  popular  resorts  for  owners  of 
blooded  horseflesh,  who  there  have  an  opportunity  to  drive  at  a  much 
faster  gait  than  would  be  permitted  below  Central  Park.  Central  avenue 
is  wide  and  well  kept  and  leads  by  Jerome  Park  to  Yonkers.  Road  houses 
abound  in  the  vicinity,  being  particularly  numerous  along  Seventh  and 
Central  avenues. 

St.  Nicholas  Avenue. — A  good  driving  road  running  diagonally  north- 
ward from  Sixth  avenue  and  110th  street  to  West  155th  street,  where  it  joins 
the  King's  Bridge  Road,  which  extends  to  Yonkers. 

Riverside  Avenue — The  outer  boundary  of  Riverside  Park,  which  is 
elsewhere  described.  Starting  at  the  western  end  of  Seventy-second  street 
it  runs  northward  along  the  edge  of  the  Hudson  River  bluff  to  the  Convent 
of  the  Sacred  Heart,  at  128th  street,  following  the  outline  of  the  bluff.     It 


60  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

is  graded  in  conformity  with  the  varying  elevations  of  the  bluff,  is  paved 
with  stone  and  is  protected  on  the  river  side  by  a  substantial  stone  wall 
and  parapet.  Aside  from  the  charming  views  of  the  Hudson  River  and 
the  Palisades  which  it  commands  and  the  pretty  environments  on  the  land 
side,  the  drive  is  the  widest  road  in  New  York  City  and  is  probably  destined 
to  become  the  most  popular  driveway  in  the  city.  It  is  the  only  drive  in 
the  city  on  which  "speeding"  is  legally  permissible — before  ten  o'clock  in 
the  morning. 

Southern  Boulevard. — A  broad  driving  road  which  starts  at  the  north- 
ern terminus  of  the  Third  avenue  bridge  over  the  Harlem  River,  bends  to 
the  eastward,  and,  following  the  coast  line  of  Long  Island  Sound  for  some 
distance,  turns  westward  and  forms  a  junction  with  Central  avenue,  near 
Jerome  Park.  It  is  kept  in  excellent  order,  and  affords  many  fine  views  of 
landscape  and  waterscape. 

Fifth  Avenue. — Formerly  much  more  popular  as  a  drive  than  at  present, 
as  it  is  now  generally  used  by  business  wagons  and  trucks.  Hun- 
dreds of  handsome  turnouts  may  be  seen  on  "the  avenue"  any  fine  after- 
noon, but  their  presence  is  generally  due  to  the  fact  that  their  owners  live  in 
the  avenue  and  are  compelled  to  use  it  as  a  means  of  access  when  calling  or 
shopping.  On  bright  Sundays  it  is  more  free  from  business  traffic,  of  course, 
and  is  more  used  than  on  week  days  for  driving  purposes.  The  great  ma- 
jority of  carriage  owners,  however,  prefer  the  smooth  roads  of  Central 
Park  to  the  rough  pavement  of  Fifth  avenue. 

Ocean  Parkway. — A  fine  driveway  extending  from  the  southern  end  of 
Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn,  to  Coney  Island.  It  is  slightly  more  than  five 
miles  long,  about  200  feet  wide,  has  a  number  of  narrow  parks  in  the  center 
and  affords  interesting  glimpses  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean — whence   its   name. 

Weehawken — One  of  the  many  attractive  drives  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
York  City  is  that  running  along  the  edge  of  the  Palisades  on  the  New 
Jersey  side  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  is  accessible  by  the  Weehawken  Ferry 
at  West  Forty-second  street. 

Bicycling  and  Bicycling  Roads. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  nearly  50,000  bicycle  riders  in  the 
metropolitan  district  embracing  New  York,  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City  and 
Newark,  not  to  mention  thousands  of  occasional  riders  who  rent  wheels 
when  the  fancy  seizes  them.  Good  riding  roads  abound  in  the  dis- 
trict, and,  thanks  to  the  League  of  American  Wheelmen,  the  public  parks 
are  now  open  to  wheelmen.  In  a  general  way,  bicycles  and  tricycles  now 
have  access  to  all  roads  and  drives  open  to  carriages,  common  restrictions 
as  to  speed,  etc. ,  governing  both  classes  of  riders.  The  favorite  resorts  of 
bicyclists  in  New  York  are  Central  Park,  Riverside   Drive,  the  Boulevard, 


Tourists—- 

Visitors 


AND 


If  you  have  left  anything  at  home  which  you  now  re- 
quire ; 


If  you  desire  to  return  superfluous  luggage,  purchases, 
or  mementoes  of  any  kind  ; 


If  you  have  a  commission  of  any  character  to  be  execu- 
ted in  any  part  of  the  World, 

Wells  Fargo  &  Go's 

EXPRESS 

offers  the  most  efficient,  reliable,   and  economic  medium. 
It  has  offices  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the 

United  States,  Mexico  and  Europe. 


99  Cannon  St.,     19  Rue  Scribe,     39  Admiralitatstrasse, 
LONDON.  PARIS.  HAMBURG. 

New  Montgomery  &  Mission  Sts.,        154  Dearborn  St., 
SAN  FRANCISCO.  CHICAGO. 

63  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


Always    send   communications   and    packages   to   the 
nearest  agency  of  Wells  Fargo  &  Co's  Express. 


I 


!><a)9>3K3S<«>SglC3<Z09€^^O&&n^»&@^«9«3i6a^f 


Manufacturers  of 

Cocom 

Correspondence  moiled 
Catalogues  of  our  various  departments 
to  responsible  parties-  • 


Offices 
Fulton  St.Coi 


i?<xuyS 


^a-^«.<£»g^^<sa»gs»aa^^g>^s»( 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  61 

Eighth  avenue,  and  the  Broadway  road  to  Yonkers  and  Tarrytown.  In 
Brooklyn,  the  most  popular  roads  are  Bedford  avenue,  the  Ocean  Parkway, 
and  the  Eastern  Boulevard,  all  of  which  may  be  reached  by  the  roadway  of 
the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  There  are  excellent  roads  in  plenty  on  the  New  Jer- 
sey side  of  North  River,  the  several  roads  leading  from  Newark  to  the 
Oranges  being  much  patFonized.  About  the  only  restrictions  on  riders  are 
the  prohibition  of  sidewalk  riding,  and  the  ordinance  requiring  them 
to  carry  lamps  at  night.  Bicycles  may  be  rented  by  any  responsible 
person  from  any  one  of  a  dozen  or  more  dealers  and  agents  in  this  city. 
As  a  rule,  the  rates  are  as  follows:  First  hour,  50  cents;  each  succeeding 
hour,  25  cents;  half  day  (6  hours),  $1.25;  day  (12  hours),  $2.00;  one  week, 
$5.00;  two  weeks,  $8,00;  one  month,  $12.00.  Special  rates  for  longer 
time. 

Suburban  Resorts. 

Asbury  Park. — A  borough  and  summer  resort  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of 
New  Jersey,  fifty-one  miles  south  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  permanent 
population  of  about  5,000,  which,  in  summer,  is  increased  to  15, 000 by  summer 
residents.  The  place  was  founded  by  James  A.  Bradley,  who  decreed  that 
no  liquor  should  be  sold  within  its  boundaries,  and  has  since  successfully 
maintained  this  prohibition.  It  is  separated  from  Ocean  Grove  only  by 
Wesley  Lake,  and  the  two  places  are  practically,  though  not  legally,  one. 
Means  of  access :  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  or  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  which,  respectively  connect  with  the  Liberty  street  and  Cortlandt 
street  ferries.     Fare,  $1.20;  excursion,  $1.85. 

Atlantic  Highlands. — A  summer  residence  place  on  the  New  Jersey 
coast,  near  Sandy  Hook.  Means  of  access  :  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jer- 
sey and  line  of  boats  (in  summer  time)  leaving  Pier  8,  North  River.  Fare, 
60  cents  ;  excursion,  $1.00. 

Arverne-by-the-Sea. — A  new  and  successful  summer  resort  on  the  south 
shore  of  Long  Island,  just  beyond  Far  Rockaway.  Many  New  Yorkers 
spend  the  summer  months  in  the  various  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  but 
there  are  few  attractions  for  excursionists.  Means  of  access:  Long  Island 
Railroad,  by  East  34th  street  and  James  Slip  ferries. 

Bay  Ridge. — That  section  of  the  shore  of  Long  Island  just  south  of 
Brooklyn.  The  land  is  elevated  and  commands  a  good  view  of  the  upper 
bay.  Several  old-time  mansions  and  the  handsome  house  and  grounds  of 
the  Crescent  Athletic  Club,  of  Brooklyn,  are  here.  Means  of  access  :  A 
ferry,  whose  slip  is  at  South  Ferry,  just  north  of  the  Staten  Island  ferry. 
Fare,  ten  cents. 

Bedloe's  Island — Containing  about  thirteen  acres,  lies  southwest  of  the 
Battery.     It  is  owned  by  the  United  States  Government.      It  formerly  was 


62  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

the  site  of  goverment  fortifications,  but  it  is  now  chiefly  notable  as  the  site 
of  the  Statue  of  Liberty,  designed  by  the  French  sculptor  Bartholdi,  which 
is  described  in  the  chapter  on  Art.  Means  of  access  :  A  ferry,  plying  be- 
tween the  pfer  at  the  Barge  Office  and  the  island. 

Belden  Point. — A  resort  for  picnickers  and  excursionists  in  "Westches- 
ter County,  on  the  shore  of  Long  Island  Sound.  Means  of  access:  Various 
lines  of  excursion  boats,  for  which  see  daily  newspapers. 

Bowery  Bay  Beach,  otherwise  known  as  North  Beach.  An  excursion 
resort  on  the  western  Long  Island  shore,  near  the  junction  of  East  River 
and  Long  Island  Sound.  Means  of  access:  Various  lines  of  excursion 
boats. 

Cholera  Fishing  Banks. — An  excellent  fishing  ground  just  below 
Sandy  Hook,  so  named  because  a  hospital  ship  was  there  anchored  during 
one  of  New  York's  cholera  epidemics.  Sea  bass,  black  bass  and  flounders 
abound.  Means  of  access :  Various  lines  of  excursion  boats  advertised  in 
the  daily  newspapers  during  the  summer. 

College  Point. — A  resort  on  the  northeast  shore  of  Long  Island,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Flushing  Bay.  Means  of  access:  Long  Island  Railroad,  connect- 
ing with  East  Thirty-fourth  street  and  James  Slip  ferries — excursion  fare, 
20  cents;  also  by  boat  from  East  29th  St. 

Coney  Island. — The  Mecca  to  which  great  numbers  of  visitors  to  New 
York  in  the  summer  time  sooner  or  later  gravitate.  It  is  a  resort  supplied 
with  attractions  for  all  classes  and  elements  of  society,  at  once  so  compre- 
hensive and  so  peculiar  to  it  that  it  has  no  parallel.  The  island  is  separated 
from  Long  Island  only  by  a  narrow  creek,  and  is  to  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses part,  geographically,  of  Kings  County.  It  is  really  the  western  end  of 
a  long  sand-bar,  which,  though  submerged  here  and  there,  skirts  the  south- 
ern shore  of  Long  Island  for  nearly  ninety  miles,  Rockaway,  Great  South 
Beach  and  several  so-called  islands  being  on  other  parts  of  the  same  bar. 
At  its  eastern  and  western  extremities  Coney  Island  is  quite  distinct  from 
Long  Island,  being  separated  from  it  by  Gravesend  Bay  and  Sheepshead 
Bay,  respectively.  At  its  center,  Coney  Island  Creek  alone  intervenes. 
The  island  is  about  five  miles  long,  points  substantially  east  and  west,  and 
is  about  nine  miles  from  the  Battery.  Up  to  1S75,  it  was  practically  unoc- 
cupied, and  the  few  people  who  did  visit  it  earned  for  it  an  unsavory  repu- 
tation. In  1S75,  a  steam  railroad  connecting  it  with  Brooklyn  was  built, 
and  from  that  date  its  rise  in  popular  favor  has  been  steady  and  unprece- 
dented. To-day;  almost  every  rod  of  its  five  miles  of  ocean  beach  has  some 
attraction  or  other,  and  it  is  easily  first  among  the  day  summer  resorts  of 
the  Atlantic  coast.  The  various  railroads  and  steamboats  which  connect 
the  island  with  New  York  and  Brooklyn  can  conveniently  carry  150,000  pas- 
sengers a  day,  and  not  infrequently  the  exodus  to  the  island  reaches  this 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  63 

figure  during  the  excessively  warm  weather.  The  extreme  west  end  of 
the  island,  commonly  known  as  Norton's  Point,  is  practically  unimproved. 
A  lighthouse,  an  old  hotel  and. a  few  bathing  houses  are  its  only  attractions 
for  visitors,  though  it  is  to  some  extent  a  resort  for  picnic  parties.  In  the 
near  future  it  will  probably  be  greatly  improved,  as  the  phenomenal 
success  of  the  other  parts  of  the  island  has  attracted  capital  thither. 

To  the  east  of  this  district  lies  the  section  of  the  island  known  as 
West  Brighton  Beach  and  sometimes  called  "  the  Bowery."  Here  every- 
thing is  cheap — reasonably  cheap  for  Coney  Island — and  gaudy.  Almost 
innumerable  concert  halls,  "  museums,"  petty  gambling  devices,  merry-go- 
rounds,  swings,  "  razzle  dazzles,"  and  a  thousand  and  one  schemes  for 
luring  nickels  and  dimes  from  poorly  stocked  pockets  abound.  The  poorer 
class  of  visitors  naturally  drift  this  way,  and  for  an  expenditure  of  a  dollar 
or  so  manage  to  find  diversified  and  unlimited  happiness.  The  really  inter- 
esting features  of  the  place  are  the  tubular  iron  steamboat  piers  running 
1,300  feet  out  into  the  surf,  at  the  end  of  which  the  iron  steamboats  make 
their  landings;  the  big  West  Brighton  and  Sea  Beach  Hotels;  a  camera 
obscura,  a  colossal  hollow  wooden  figure  of  an  elephant  supporting  a 
howdah,  a  skeleton  iron  observatory  tower  300  feet  high,  and  the  hundreds 
of  bathing  houses.  During  the  season — between  June  1  and  September  1 5 
— this  section  of  the  island  is  thronged  every  afternoon  and  evening,  and 
lighted,  as  it  is,  by  scores  of  electric  lights,  it  presents  a  brightly  colored 
and  animated  picture  at  night.  Between  the  beach  and  the  stretch  of 
lawn  and  flower  beds  in  the  rear,  is  a  wide  boulevard,  which  is  the 
thoroughfare  between  West  Brighton  and  Brighton  Beach,  to  the  east. 
The  stroller  may  secure  a  seat  for  ten  cents  in  one  of  the  carryalls  plying 
between  the  two  Brightons,  or  may  reach  Brighton  Beach  by  an  elevated 
railway  which  starts  in  front  of  the  iron  pier  and  lands  passengers  at  the 
Brighton  Beach  Hotel — fare,  5  cents. 

Brighton  Beach  is  fairly  well  supplied  with  catch-penny  attractions, 
but  it  is  entirely  unlike  West  Brighton  in  its  general  character.  It  is 
a  favorite  resort  for  those  who  care  for  neither  the  gaudy  gayety  of  West 
Brighton  nor  the  costly  comfort  of  Manhattan  Beach,  to  the  east.  There  are 
the  usual  bathing  facilities  which  are  to  be  found  all  along  the  Coney  Island 
beach,  but  the  main  features  are  the  great  Brighton  Beach  Hotel,  and  the 
musical  amphitheatre  in  front  of  it  where  semi-classical  programmes  are 
daily  rendered  by  a  fine  orchestra.  The  hotel,  525  feet  long  and  three 
stories  high  though  it  is,  was  bodily  moved  back  100  feet  or  more  a  few  years 
ago,  when  the  encroachment  of  the  sea  upon  the  beach  threatened  to  under- 
mine it.  There  is  a  fine  lawn  about  the  front  of  the  hotel,  set  off  by  artistic 
flower  beds;  and  at  the  ocean  front  there  are  broad  plank  walks.  The  hotel 
has  a  wide  covered  piazza  extending  about  three  of  its  sides,  and  on  the  piazza 


64  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

are  tables  for  the  accommodation  of  guests,  who  go  to  the  hotel  by  hundreds 
for  dinner.  In  addition  to  these  facilities,  there  is  of  course  a  large  dining- 
room. 

Manhattan  Beach,  which  lies  to  the  east  of  Brighton  Beach,  is  even  a 
more  attractive  place  for  people  who  do  not  care  for  a  few  dollars  more  or 
less,  provided  they  are  well  served  and  cared  for.  It  is  the  favorite  resort  of 
Coney  Island  with  the  well-to-do  class  of  New  Yorkers  and  knowing 
visitors.  It  may  be  reached  by  a  marine  railway  which  connects  Brighton 
Beach  and  the  Manhattan  Beach  Hotel,  or  directly  from  Brooklyn  or  New 
York  by  the  Manhattan  Beach  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railway  which 
lands  passengers  at  the  hotel.  The  Manhattan  Beach  Hotel  is  the  largest 
of  its  kind  in  the  world,  measuring  660  feet  in  length — considerably  more 
than  the  largest  ocean  steamer  afloat.  It  is  well-appointed,  the  cooking  is 
admirable,  and  the  service,  though  necessarily  slow  at  rush  hours,  is  gener- 
ally excellent.  Two  thousand  persons  frequently  sit  down  to  dinner  at  a 
time  in  the  dining  room  and  on  the  broad  piazzas,  and  this  company  invari- 
ably includes  scores  of  notably  wealthy  and  prominent  New  Yorkers.  Almost 
all  diners  are  fashionably  dressed  and  give  evidence  of  being  in  easy  circum- 
stances. An  immense  musical  amphitheatre  adjoins  the  front  of  the  piazza, 
and  here  two  concerts  are  given  daily  by  Gilmore's  Band  during  the  season, 
the  programme  being  interspersed  with  songs  by  popular  artists,  cannon 
accompaniments,  and  other  novelties.  Superb  lawns,  flower  beds  and  private 
bathing  pavilions  are  incidental  attractions,  and  near  by  is  an  amphitheatre 
in  which  spectacular  pyrotechnic  exhibitions  on  a  colossal  scale  are  given  at 
night.  At  the  east  end  of  the  island,  beyond  the  fireworks  amphitheatre,  is 
the  Oriental  Hotel,  which  caters  principally  to  permanent  guests  of  abundant 
means.  The  building  is  an  ornate  structure,  478  feet  long,  surmounted  by 
divers  picturesque  towers  and  minarets.  The  Oriental  makes  no  bid  for 
transient  guests,  and  there  is  an  air  of  privacy  and  exclusiveness  about  it 
strongly  contrasted  with  the  free-and-easy  atmosphere  of  the  west  end  of 
the  island.  Means  of  access:  (West  Brighton),  the  Iron  steamboats,  which 
leave  Pier  A  and  West  Twenty-third  street,  North  River,  at  intervals  of 
twenty  minutes  or  half  an  hour — excursion  fare,  50  cents;  Sea  Beach  road 
from  Bay  Ridge,  connecting  with  the  Bay  Ridge  ferry — excursion  fare,  50 
cents;  and  various  lines  of  Brooklyn  railroads;  (Brighton  Beach),  by  various 
lines  of  Brooklyn  railroads  or  by  elevated  railway,  above  noticed,  from 
West  Brighton;  (Manhattan  Beach),  Manhattan  Beach  division  of  Long 
Island  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  East  Thirty-fourth  street,  James 
Slip  and  Bay  Ridge  ferries — excursion  fare  fifty  cents;  (Oriental  Hotel), 
only  by  walk  starting  from  Manhattan  Beach  Hotel. 

Far  Rock  aw  ay. — A  village  and  summer  resort  at  the  eastern  end  of 
Rockaway  Beach,  where  it  joins  the  Long  Island  mainland.     Most  of  those 


RESORTS  AND  EXCURSIONS,  65 

who  visit  Far  Rockaway  go  with  the  intention  of  boarding  in  one  or  other 
of  the  hotels,  as  the  place  offers  few  attractions  to  transient  visitors. 
Means  of  access:  Long  Island  Railroad;  fare — 

Fort  George. — A  cheap  and  popular  resort  on  the  high  bluff  at  the 
junction  of  Tenth  avenue  and  the  Harlem  River.  The  view  from  the 
bluff,  however,  will  well  repay  a  visit.  Means  of  access:  Cable  cars  run- 
ning across  125th  street  and  up  Tenth  avenue.     Fare,  5  cents. 

Fort  Hamilton. — A  village  and  summer  resort  adjacent  to  the  stone 
fort  of  that  name  on  the  southwest  shore  of  Long  Island,  in  the  township 
of  New  Utrecht,  about  one  mile  from  Fort  Wadsworth,  on  Staten  Island, 
and  separated  from  it  by  "the  Narrows."  There  are  some  of  the  usual  at- 
tractions for  transient  visitors,  but  the  patronage  of  the  resort,  aside  from 
that  of  the  hotels,  is  chiefly  confined  to  people  living  in  the  vicinity.  Means 
of  access:  an  electric  road,  connecting  with  the  Brooklyn  street-car  line  run- 
ning to  Greenwood  Cemetery. 

Fort  Lee. — That  section  of  the  Palisades  of  New  Jersey  opposite 
Washington  Heights,  on  the  New  York  bank  of  the  Hudson,  named  after  the 
old  fort  whose  ruins  still  mark  the  spot.  Those  who  do  not  mind  a  long  and 
steep  climb  will  be  well  repaid  for  their  trouble  by  the  superb  view  of  the 
Hudson  River  and  New  York  City  across  the  way,  which  the  heights  com- 
mand. There  are  several  hotels,  picnic  grounds  and  other  attractions.  Means 
of  access:  A  ferry  starting  from  the  foot  of  West  129th  street.  Fare,  15  cents. 

Glen  Island. — A  naturally  charming  island  in  the  western  end  of  Long 
Island  Sound  near  New  Rochelle,  which  has  been  greatly  improved  and 
beautified  by  its  owner,  ex-Congressman  John  H.  Starin.  The  liberal  ex- 
penditure of  money  has  made  the  place  a  veritable  garden  spot,  and  it  has 
ranked  for  years  as  one  of  the  most  popular  day  resorts  in  the  vicinity  of 
New  York.  Facilities  for  innocent  games  and  sports  of  all  kinds  are  at 
hand,  there  is  a  collection  of  birds  and  animals,  and  excellent  boating, 
bathing  and  music  are  provided.  There  i  s  none  of  the  cheap  and  vicious 
air  of  parts  of  Coney  Island  about  Glen  Island,  and  the  visitors  are  orderly 
and  well  conducted.  Glen  Island  is  popular  as  a  place  for  Sunday  school 
picnics  and  family  outings,  and  the  rough  element  rarely  visits  it.  Means 
of  access:  Starin's  excursion  boats,  which  leave  the  Cortlandt  street  pier 
on  North  River,  and  the  Thirty-second  street  pier  on  East  River.  Excur- 
sion fare,  40  cents. 

Greenwood  Lake. — A  popular  summer  resort  on  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween New  York  and  New  Jersey,  49  miles  northwest  of  New  York  City. 
It  is  a  picturesque  spot,  has  excellent  boating  and  fishing,  and  is  well  sup- 
plid  with  good  hotels  and  boarding  houses.  Means  of  access:  New  York 
and  Greenwood  Lake  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  by  Chambers  street 
ferry.     Excursion  fare,  $2.  — 


66  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Hudson  River  Resorts. — A  charming  trip,  popular  with  New  Yorkers 
as  well  as  visitors  to  the  city,  is  the  ride  up  the  Hudson  River  on  the  Albany- 
day  boats.  Cornwallis  Heights,  Dobbs  Ferry,  West  Point,  Newburgh, 
Poughkeepsie  and  various  other  villages  and  cities  along  the  river  banks, 
will  repay  a  visit,  and  even  if  no  landing  is  made  the  view  of  the  superb 
scenery  is  more  than  sufficient  inducement  to  strangers  to  make  the  trip. 

Long  Beach. — A  resort  for  summer  boarders  and  cottagers  on  the 
south  shore  of  Long  Island  near  Rockaway  Beach.  Means  of  access:  Long 
Island  Railroad,  connecting  with  the  East  Thirty-fourth  street  and  James 
Slip  ferries.     Excursion  fare,  70  cents. 

Long  Branch. — A  summer  resort  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  New  Jersey, 
about  30  miles  south  of  New  York  City.  It  is  a  residence  place  rather  than 
an  excursion  resort,  though  the  various  boats  and  trains  daily  carry  hun- 
dreds of  sight  seers  thither  during  July  and  August.  There  are  compara- 
tively few  attractions  for  transient  visitors  except  the  fine  bathing,  the  big 
hotels  and  numerous  handsome  cottages  of  the  summer  residents,  and  the 
gay  procession  of  fashionable  turnouts  on  pleasant  afternoons.  Ocean  ave- 
nue, a  wide  boulevard  which  runs  along  the  low  bluff  at  the  brink  of  the 
ocean,  is  the  favorite  driving  road,  but  there  are  many  other  even  more  at- 
tractive roads  leading  from  "the  Branch"  in  every  direction.  Orchestras 
are  provided  at  all  the  hotels,  and  in  the  evening  two  or  three  large  "hops" 
are  always  in  progress.  The  grounds  and  park  of  John  Hoey,  ex-president 
of  the  Adams  Express  Company,  are  superbly  laid  out  and  are  the  objec- 
tive point  of  all  visitors,  strangers  being  permitted  to  drive  through  them 
at  certain  hours  of  the  day.  Another  feature  which  invariably  attracts  the 
attention  of  strangers  is  the  tubular  iron  pier,  running  well  out  into  the 
surf,  at  which  passengers  on  the  Iron  Steamboats  are  landed  when  the 
water  is  sufficiently  smooth.  The  Monmouth  Race  Course  lies  within  easy 
driving  distance  of  Long  Branch,  and  on  race  days  there  is  a  steady  pro- 
cession of  handsome  turnouts  between  the  two  places.  Means  of  access: 
The  Iron  Steamboat  Company's  boats,  which  leave  Pier  A,  North  River, 
and  the  West  Twenty-third  street  pier  at  hourly  intervals  during  the  sum- 
mer months.  Excursion  fare,  75  cents;  boat  to  Sandy  Hook,  leaving  Pier 
8,  North  River,  and  connecting  with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad — 
excursion  fare,  $1.50;  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  connecting  with 
the  Liberty  street  ferry,  or  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  ferry,  connecting 
with  the  Cortlandt  and  Desbrosses  street  ferries — excursion  fare,  $1.50. 

Mauch  Chunk. — A  town  in  the  center  of  the  Lehigh  anthracite  coal 
region  of  Pennsylvania,  120  miles  west  of  New  York  City,  famed  as 
"  the  Switzerland  of  America,"  on  account  of  its  magnificent  mountain 
scenery.  The  town  nestles  on  the  side  of  a  mountain,  and  near  it  the 
world-famed  Switchback  Railroad  winds  its  way  up  the    steep    grade. 


RESORTS  AND  EXCURSIONS.  67 

This  road  has  no  motive  power  but  gravitation,  the  cars  being 
hauled  up  the  side  of  a  mountain  on  a  sharply  inclined  plane  and  then  sent 
tearing  down  the  mountain  by  their  own  weight.  The  1 8-mile  ride  is  a 
thrilling  one.  A  few  miles  from  Mauch  Chunk  is  Glenoko  Glen,  a  pictur- 
esque cut  in  the  rocks.  Many  excursion  parties  patronize  both  places. 
Means  of  access:  The  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  by  ferry  at  the  foot  of  Liberty  street.     Excursion  fare,  $3.45. 

Monmouth  Beach. — A  fashionable  resort  for  cottagers  just  north  of 
Long  Branch  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  New  Jersey.  The  Shrewsbury  River 
deeply  indents  the  land  in  its  rear,  and  makes  the  beach  a  mere  tongue  of 
land.  The  fishing  and  bathing  are  excellent.  Inland  is  the  famous  Mon- 
mouth Park  race-course,  which  is  elsewhere  described.  Means  of  access: 
Boats  leaving  Pier  14,  North  River,  and  connecting  with  the  New  Jersey 
Southern  Railroad.     Excursion  fare,  90  cents. 

Navesink  Highlands. — Sometimes  called  the  Neversink  Highlands. 
These  highlands  are  often  confounded  with  the  Atlantic  Highlands,  but 
the  two  are  distinct,  the  Navesink  Highlands  being  on  the  Shrewsbury 
River,  just  below  Sandy  Hook,  and  fronting  on  the  Atlantic.  The  two 
government  lighthouses  here  are  the  principal  attraction  for  transient  visit- 
ors. They  are  unsurpassed  in  point  of  construction,  and  one  of  them 
throws  its  rays  35  miles.  At  any  reasonable  hour  of  the  day,  visitors  are 
permitted  to  inspect  them.  There  is  good  boating  and  fishing  at  the  High- 
lands. Means  of  access:  Boats  leaving  Pier  8,  North  River,  and  connect- 
ing with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.     Fare,  50  cents. 

Ocean  Grove. — Practically  a  southern  annex  of  Asbury  Park,  from 
which  it  is  separated  only  by  Wesley  Lake.  It  is  owned  and  managed  by 
a  Methodist  Camp-meeting  Association,  which  rules  it  with  a  rod  of  iron. 
Neither  driving  nor  rowing  is  permitted  within  its  limits  on  Sunday;  the 
sale  of  liquor  is  prohibited  every  day  in  the  year,  and  not  even  are  trains 
permitted  to  take  on  or  discharge  passengers  at  "  the  grove  "  on  Sunday. 
Notwithstanding  all  these  Puritanical  regulations,  the  place  has  steadily 
grown  in  favor,  and  10,000  people  generally  make  it  their  home  each  sum- 
mer. There  are  many  cheap  but  serviceable  cottages  and  tents,  and 
tent  sites  can  be  hired  of  the  association  at  moderate  rentals.  An  old- 
fashioned  Methodist  camp-meeting,  generally  lasting  a  week  or  more,  is 
held  in  August,  and  religious  services  are  held  almost  daily.  The  prin- 
cipal attraction  of  the  place  for  those  not  drawn  thither  by  its  religious 
character  are  its  unsurpassed  beach,  the  delightful  bathing,  and  the 
famous  board  walk  or  promenade,  which  runs  beside  the  Ocean  for  miles. 
Means  of  access:  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  by  way  of  Liberty 
street  ferry,  and  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  by  Cortlandt  street  ferry.  Ex- 
cursion fare,  $1.85. 


68  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Prohibition  Park. — A  grove  and  park  on  the  north  shore  of  Staten 
Island,  at  which  prohibition  camp  meetings  are  held  in  summer.  Means  of 
access:  Staten  Island  boats  and  Rapid  Transit  Railroad  and  stages.  Fare, 
20  cents. 

Rockaway  Beach. — A  narrow  sand  bar  nearly  10  miles  long  which 
separates  Jamaica  Bay  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  in  reality  a 
portion  of  the  same  sandy  ridge  which  forms  Coney  Island,  though  appar- 
ently a  peninsula  joined  to  the  main  land  of^  Long  Island  only  by  a  narrow 
tongue  of  land  at  its  eastern  extremity. 

For  more  than  half  a  century  Rockaway  was  one  of  the  great  summer 
resorts  of  America,  dividing  the  honors  with  Saratoga  and  White  Sulphur 
Springs.  At  this  period  of  its  history  it  was  the  only  important  resort  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  New  York.  Coney  Island  and  the  myriad  of  cheap 
resorts  of  to-day  had  not  been  dreamed  of,  and  Rockaway's  patronage  was 
of  the  very  best.  Several  Presidents  of  the  United  States  were  in  the  habit 
of  visiting  it,  and  naturally  a  resort  thus  favored  attracted  the  dwellers  of 
the  fashionable  world  in  great  numbers.  Almost  all  distinguished  visitors 
to  the  city  went  there,  and  scores  of  names  of  prominent  Americans  are 
linked  with  its  history.  Its  promotors  and  real  estate  owners  dreamed  of 
fabulous  fortunes  and  saw  them  almost  within  their  grasp.  Had  they 
made  the  most  of  their  monopoly,  their  dreams  might  have  been  realized, 
but  they  delayed, too  long. 

Aside  from  Coney  Island  and  one  or  two  near-by  resorts,  it  is  now 
perhaps  the  most  popular  cheap  excursion  place  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York. 
There  are  four  piers  on  the  inner  side  of  Rockaway  Beach,  on  the  Jamaica 
Bay  shore,  and  the  excursion  steamers  which  ply  between  New  York  and 
the  beach  make  landings  at  all  of  them.  The  attractions  are  on  the 
general  order  of  those  of  Coney  Island,  but  they  lack  the  variety  and 
picturesqueness  of  the  catch-penny  devices  of  that  national  headquarters 
of  "  fakirs."  There  are  both  still-water  and  surf  bathing,  and  innumerable 
bathing  houses,  drives,  dancing  pavilions,  a  wide  plank  walk  along  the 
beach,  and  dozens  of  places  where  sea  food  dinners  may  be  procured.  As 
at  Coney  Island  and  Long  Branch,  there  is  a  tubular  iron  pier  on  the  ocean 
side  1,200  feet  long,  which  facilitates  the  landing  of  passengers  from  the 
excursion  boats. 

The  Fates  have  decreed  that  Rockaway  shall  be  an  excursion 
resort  rather  than  a  summer  residence  place.  Popular  with  the  masses  it 
will  always  be;  fashionable,  probably  never  again.  It  is  about  20  miles  from 
New  York,  and  the  trip  thither  gives  the  stranger  an  excellent  opportunity 
of  getting  a  comprehensive  idea  of  the  salient  features  of  New  York 
Harbor  and  the  Bay.  Means  of  access:  the  Southern  Division  of  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  connecting  with  the  East  Thirty-fourth  street  and  James 


RESORTS  AND   EXCURSIONS.  69 

Slip  ferries — excursion  fare,  50  cents;  or  divers  lines  ot  steamboats  whose 
advertisements  appear  in  the  newspapers  in  summer. 

Seabright. — The  northernmost  of  the  cluster  of  summer  resorts  on  the 
New  Jersey  coast  in  the  vicinity  of  Long  Branch.  It  also  borders  on  the 
Shrewsbury  River,  and  in  addition  to  the  facilities  for  surf  bathing,  it  has 
boating  and  fishing  on  the  river.  There  are  many  cottages  and  sum- 
mer boarding  houses,  but  few  or  no  attractions  for  excursionists. 
Means  of  access:  Boats  leaving  Pier  8,  North  River,  and  connecting  with 
the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.     Fare,  85  cents. 

Sheepshead  Bay. — A  cove  which  separates  the  east  end  of  Coney 
Island  from  Long  Island.  Clustered  about  the  bay  are  many  summer 
boarding  houses,  and  near  at  hand  is  the  Sheepshead  Bay  Track.  It  is 
reached  by  the  Manhattan  Beach  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
which  connects  at  Bay  Ridge  with  the  Bay  Ridge  ferry,  and  the  East 
Thirty-fourth  street  ferry. 

Shohola  Glen. — A  picturesque  resort  in  Pike  County,  Pa.,  107  miles 
from  New  York  City.  One  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Delaware  River  here 
£ows  through  a  charming  glen,  and  the  surroundings  are  exceedingly 
pretty.  The  fishing  is  excellent.  Means  of  access:  Erie  Railroad,  by 
Chambers  street  or  West  23rd  street  ferry.     Fare,  $2.88. 

South  Beach. — A  "  cheap  and  gaudy"  resort  on  the  south  shore  of 
Staten  Island,  just  south  of  the  Narrows.  It  has  all  of  Coney  Island's  cheap 
features  and  few  of  its  good  ones,  but  it  attracts  immense  crowds  in  the 
summer,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  round  trip  fare  from  New  York  is  only 
twenty  cents.  Everything  at  the  Beach  is  proportionately  cheap.  Means 
of  access:  Staten  Island  ferry  from  Whitehall  street,  and  Staten  Island 
Rapid  Transit  road. 

Spring  Lake. — A  summer  resort  on  the  New  Jersey  coast,  just 
below  Ocean  Grove.  Has  several  fine  hotels,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  for 
Philadelphians.  Means  of  access:  New  York  and  Long  Branch  division 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  by 
the  Liberty  and  Cortlandt  street  ferries.     Excursion  fare,  $2.10. 


SfORTS  AND/rTHLETieS. 


Racing  and  Driving — Yachting — Athletic  Clubs  and  Grounds - 

Gymnasia. 


New  York  is  a  sport-loving,  athletic  town.  Not  only  is  this  fact  evi- 
denced by  the  long  lists  of  athletic  and  yacht  clubs  and  the  numerous  other 
clubs  whose  foundation  is  laid  in  the  love  of  good  sport,  but  by  the  great 
financial  strength  which  many  of  these  clubs  have  attained.  The  Man- 
hattan Athletic  Club  has  a  palace  for  its  club  house,  and  the  New  York  Ath- 
letic Club  is  contemplating  the  erection  of  a  club  house  which  will  be  de- 
signed to  outshine  the  home  of  the  wearers  of  the  cherry  diamond.  The 
finest  yachts  and  the  biggest  yacht  clubs,  the  best  road  horses  and  the  most 
solid  driving  clubs,  the  fastest  thoroughbreds  and  the  most  successful 
jockey  clubs,  all  belong  to  New  York.  Every  sort  of  sport  or  athletic  game 
has  its  earnest  adherents  and  the  devotees  of  each  number  from  a  few 
nundreds  up  to  hundreds  of  thousands. 

Thoroughbred  racing  is,  of  course,  the  most  popular  sport.  Such  a 
firm  place  has  it  in  the  affections  of  New  Yorkers  that  it  is  possible  for  any 
one  in  the  city  to  see  half-a-dozen  races  on  any  week  day  in  the  year  unless 
there  be  a  blizzard  or  the  track  be  so  badly  frozen  that  it  would  be  danger- 
ous for  the  thoroughbreds  to  run  on  it.  In  the  summer  there  is  a  tremen- 
dous increase  in  the  crowds  that  flock  to  the  racecourses.  But  when  the 
meetings  at  the  big  tracks  are  ended  and  the  horses  go  over  to  Guttenberg 
and  Clifton,  there  is  a  regular  attendance  which  is  counted  by  thousands, 
and  on  pleasant  days  even  approaches  the  summer  crowds  on  off  days. 

In  the  summer  season,  when  everybody  who  stays  in  town  moves  out  of 
doors  for  his  amusement,  the  play  grounds  in  the  parks  are  thronged  with 
tennis,  cricket,  base  ball  and  croquet  players.  The  roads  are  alive  with 
bicyclers,  who  ride  in  such  a  steady  procession  up  and  down  that  a  stranger 
is  likely  to  inquire  where  the  turns  in  the  track  are,  as  if  the  wheelmen  were 
riding  round  a  circle  and  passing  and  repassing  the  observer.  They  are  to 
be  seen  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  but  particularly  above  Forty-second  street, 
where  there  are  streets  paved  with  asphalt,  so  many  bicyclers  ride  that  one 
wonders  where  all  the  machines  come  from,  and  is  surprised  that  there  are 


SPORTS  AND   ATHLETICS.  71 

so  many  people  who  can  afford  to  own  them.  Up  along  the  Boulevard  and 
in  the  streets  in  the  neighborhood  of  Central  Park  are  dozens  of  bicycle 
stores  where  wheels  may  be  rented  for  a  small  sum  by  the  hour.  Members 
of  the  dozen  or  more  wheelmen's  clubs  are  sure  to  be  met  if  one  goes  into 
the  Park  or  along  the  Boulevard  or  Riverside  Drive,  and  not  infrequently 
one  meets  a  party  of  them  in  uniform  having  a  "  run."  Brooklyn  swarms 
with  riders  of  the  "  silent  steed  "  too,  and  there  are  numerous  schools  of  in- 
struction in  riding  in  both  cities.  Prospect  Park  has  finer  roads  for  bicy- 
cling than  Central  Park,  and  more  wheelmen  resort  to  it.  Ocean  Parkway 
leading  from  Prospect  Park  to  Coney  Island  is  always  in  Summer  the  scene 
of  a  double  procession  of  bicycles,  one  going  to  and  the  other  coming 
from  the  Island. 

Besides  the  big  athletic  clubs  which  have  club  houses  large  enough  to 
maintain  thoroughly  equipped  gymnasia,  there  is  a  host  of  other  clubs 
whose  principal  form  of  athletic  amusement  is  boxing.  The  lead  is,  of 
course,  taken  by  the  Manhattan  and  New  York  athletic  clubs,  which  give 
exhibitions  during  the  winter  by  professional  boxers.  These  exhibitions 
are  held  in  the  club  houses,  and  may  be  attended  only  by  club  members 
and  their,  friends,  who  pay  a  small  admission  fee.  Some  other  clubs 
have  also  given  exhibitions,  either  entirely  composed  of  professional 
boxers  or  combination  shows,  consisting  of  three  or  four  bouts  between 
amateurs  and  a  wind-up  go  between  professionals.  Some  of  these  shows 
are  given  in  public  halls,  but  where  the  club  room  is  large  enough  the 
club  exhibitions  are  held  there.  The  smaller  clubs  all  give  '*  stags,"  as  the 
exhibitions  are  sometimes  called.  If  it  is  just  a  little  show  it  is  usually 
given  in  the  club  room,  but  the  tournaments  are  held  in  public  halls,  and 
any  man  may  go  who  buys  a  ticket. 

Many  young  men  who  do  not  care  to  belong  to  a  regular  athletic  club, 
but  who  do  want  opportunity  for  gymnasium  work  and  training,  become 
associate  members  of  one  of  the  various  branches  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  either 
in  New  York  or  in  Brooklyn.  The  main  building  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in 
New  York  is  at  Twenty-third  street  and  Fourth  avenue,  and  there  the  best 
equipped  of  its  New  York  gymnasia  is.  The  Harlem  branch  in  125  th 
street  is  also  well  equipped.  The  Young  Men's  Institute  in  the  Bowery 
has  a  gymnasium  which  contains  well  selected  apparatus.  The  main 
branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  Fulton  street  has  an  exceptionally 
well  equipped  gymnasium  and  fine  baths,  including  a  large  swimming 
tank. 

There  is  a  well  fitted  gymnasium  at  Fifty-ninth  street  and  Eighth  ave- 
nue, which  is  public.  It  is  under  the  management  of  Dr.  Sargent.  In- 
struction in  all  sorts  of  athletic  sports  can  be  had  there  from  competent 
men  for  a  reasonable  tuition  fee. 


72  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

There  are  numerous  shooting  clubs  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  but  no 
ground  in  this  city  for  their  practice.  Some  of  the  Manhattan  Athletic 
Club  members  shoot  at  Manhattan  Field.  The  grounds  at  Marion,  New 
Jersey,  are  frequently  used  for  matches,  and  the  grounds  of  the  Coney 
Island  Rod  and  Gun  Club  can  be  had  when  not  in  use  by  the  club,  as  can 
also  grounds  at  Ridge  wood  and  Dexter  Park  Long  Island.  Creed- 
moor  has  been  surrendered  by  the  association  which  built  the  famous 
rifle  range  to  the  National  Guard  of  New  York.  There  are  numerous 
ranges  for  target  practice  with  small  rifles  in  the  Bowery.  Conlin's  gallery 
at  51  West  Thirty-first  street,  and  Zettler's  at  12  St.  Mark's  Place,  are 
equipped  for  long  range  rifle  and  pistol  practice.  The  amateur  champion- 
ship matches  are  usually  shot  off  at  Conlin's,  and  there  are  frequently  ex- 
hibitions of  remarkable  skill  with  the  rifle  or  revolver  to  be  seen  in  this 
gallery.  Zettler's  is  the  home  of  many  of  the  German  shooting  clubs. 
Almost  every  German  society  in  the  city  has  a  shooting  corps.  Besides 
shooting  at  Zettler's  they  have  their  out-door  practice  at  Ridgewood  or 
Dexter  Park. 

Professional  base  ball  does  not  seem  to  be  as  popular  in  New  York  as 
it  was  a  few  years  ago.  But  there  are  thousands  of  its  devotees  who  reg- 
ularly visit  the  Polo  grounds  or  Eastern  Park.  In  other  years  it  has  been 
the  custom  so  to  arrange  the  schedules  that  a  game  would  be  played  on 
one  ground  or  the  other  every  day  during  the  season.  But  this  year  the 
Brooklyn  and  New  York  clubs  have  conflicted  in  most  of  their  dates.  The 
amateur  base  ball  clubs  organized  each  summer  are  legion.  A  number  of 
the  larger  athletic  clubs  put  teams  in  the  field  early  in  the  season,  which 
play  practice  games  with  various  professional  clubs  and  with  Yale  and 
Princeton.  A  number  of  college  games  are  played  in  New  York  each 
spring,  and  the  final  game  between  Yale  and  Princeton  always  attracts  a 
throng  of  spectators. 

Many  New  Yorkers  find  time  for  the  delights  of  horseback  riding. 
There  are  several  large  riding  academies,  all  of  which  have  numbers  of 
regular  patrons.  They  are  all  situated  near  Central  Park,  and  on  any  fair 
morning  or  afternoon  on  the  bridle  paths  in  the  Park  and  on  Riverside  drive 
scores  of  riders  may  be  seen. 

By  far  the  most  popular  winter  sport  in  New  York  is  bowling.  It  is 
impossible  to  give  any  adequate  notion,  in  such  a  sketch  as  this,  of  the  ex- 
tent to  which  the  bowling  alleys  are  patronized.  Most  of  the  time  they  are 
full,  and  alleys  have  to  be  engaged  long  ahead.  Clubs  are  organized  by 
the  score  as  soon  as  the  cool  weather  comes,  and  alleys  are  engaged  for  the 
entire  season.  The  big  German  societies  have  alleys  in  Beethoven  Maen- 
nerchor  Hall,  210  Fifth  street,  and  Central  Turn  Verein  Hall,  209  East 
Sixty-seventh  street.     The  Academy  in  Fourteenth  street  and  Joe  Thums' 


SPORTS   AND   ATHLETICS.  73 

place  in  the  Bowery  are  about  the  largest  public  alleys.  The  Tennis 
Building  Association  at  212  West  Forty- first  street  has  more  than  20  alleys, 
and  there  a  number  of  the  fashionable  afternoon  bowling  clubs  have  head- 
quarters during  the  season. 

There  are,  of  course,  many  other  organizations,  of  which  it  is  impossi- 
ble here  to  give  any  extended  notice,  which  were  founded  to  give  amuse- 
ment or  sport  to  their  members.  The  Fencers'  Club  at  49  East  Twenty- 
eighth  street  and  the  Racquet  Club  at  27  West  Forty-third  street  are  the 
more  notable  of  these  organizations.  There  are  also  a  number  of  whist 
clubs,  notably  the  New  York  Whist  Club,  and  several  chess  clubs,  among 
which  the  Manhattan  at  31  West  Twenty-seventh  street  and  the  New 
York  at  52  Union  square  are  prominent.  The  Coaching  Club  is  made  up 
of  fashionable  and  wealthy  New  Yorkers  who  every  spring  have  a  parade 
through  Central  Park  or  along  Riverside  Drive.  The  National  Horse  Show 
Association  and  the  Westminster  Kennel  Club,  of  which  more  extended 
notice  is  made  elsewhere,  each  gives  an  annual  show  in  the  Madison 
Square  Garden,  the  former  in  October  and  the  latter  early  in  the  spring. 

Foot  ball  gets  a  great  deal  of  attention  from  New  Yorkers  in  the  fall, 
but  it  is  mostly  played  by  the  college  teams.  The  American  Foot  Ball  As- 
sociation, composed  of  teams  of  the  Crescent,  Orange  and  Staten  Island 
Athletic  clubs,  and  sometimes  of  teams  from  other  athletic  clubs,  plays  a 
championship  series.  The  various  clubs  usually  play  two  games  with  Yale 
and  Princeton  each  fall,  and  the  great  Thanksgiving  day  game  for  the 
college  championship  is  played  either  in  New  York  or  Brooklyn. 

Rowing  is  also  indulged  in  to  a  large  extent  during  the  summer  months, 
and  the  rowing  club  members  keep  themselves  in  good  condition  during  the 
cold  weather  by  the  athletic  appliances  in  their  club  houses.  The  Atalanta 
is  the  largest  of  these  clubs.  Its  boat  house  is  at  15 2d  street  and  the  Har- 
lem river.  Other  prominent  clubs  are  the  Dauntless  and  Harlem  of  New 
York,  the  Nautilus  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Varuna  at  Bay  Ridge. 

Play  Grounds. 

There  is  only  one  public  play  ground  of  any  size  or  importance  in  New 
York.  That  is  in  Central  Park.  It  has  facilities  for  all  sorts  of  out-door 
games,  base  ball,  foot  ball,  croquet,  tennis,  cricket,  &c.  Application  must 
be  made  to  the  superintendent  of  the  park  for  a  permit  to  use  the  ground, 
which  will  be  reserved  for  the  applicant.  There  are  about  250  tennis  courts, 
and  ample  space  for  other  games.  Other  parks  are  used  as  play  grounds, 
but  none  have  spaces  set  apart  for  athletic  games. 

Manhattan  Field  is  the  athletic  ground  of  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club. 
It  is  at  Eighth  avenue  and  155th  street,  on  the  line  of  the  Sixth  and  Ninth 
avenue  elevated  roads  and  the  Eighth  avenue  surface  cars.      The  games  of 


74  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club  are  held  on  this  field,  which  is  the  club's  private 
property.  The  Thanksgiving  foot  ball  game  between  Yale  and  Princeton 
for  1 89 1  was  played  on  this  field,  and  the  out-door  horse  show  was  held 
here  last  spring. 

Adjoining  Manhattan  Field  on  the  north  is  the  Polo  ground,  where 
the  professional  games  of  the  New  York  Base  Ball  Club  are  played.  From 
the  last  of  April  to  the  first  week  of  October  each  year,  games  are  played  at 
4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  General  admission  is  50  cents.  The  grounds 
are  reached  by  the  same  means  as  the  Manhattan  Field. 

Berkeley  Oval  is  the  private  property  of  Dr.  John  T.  White,  head 
master  of  the  Berkley  school.  During  its  existence  the  Berkeley  Athletic 
Club  used  the  Oval  for  its  athletic  field.  The  Oval  comprises  ten  acres  of 
ground  near  Morris  Dock.  It  is  reached  by  the  Sixth  Avenue  Elevated 
and  the  New  York  and  Northern  from  155th  street,  on  the  same  trains  as  for 
Yonkers ;  ako  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  from  the  Grand  Central  Station. 
Excursion  fare  by  the  Northern,  25  cents;  by  the  Hudson  River,  18  cents. 
The  Oval  has  a  cricket,  lacrosse  and  foot  ball  field,  base  ball  diamond, 
quarter  mile  running  track,  220  yards  straightaway,  and  many  tennis 
courts.  It  can  be  engaged  for  athletic  games  or  sports  from  Dr.  White. 
Since  the  abandonment  of  the  old  Mott  Haven  grounds  the  intercollegiate 
games,  which  are  commonly  known  as  the  Mott  Haven  games,  from  the 
fact  that  they  were  held  on  the  Mott  Haven  grounds,  have  usually  been 
held  at  Berkeley  Oval. 

Yacht  Clubs. 

More  than  30  yacht  clubs  have  their  headquarters  in  or  near  New  York 
and  their  stations  in  New  York  Bay  or  the  waters  adjacent.  Two  of  them, 
the  New  York  and  the  Seawanhaka  Corinthian,  have  clubhouses  in  the  city 
as  well  as  at  their  stations,  the  former  at  67  Madison  avenue,  and  the  latter 
at  7  East  32d  street.  The  Manhattan  Yacht  Club  also  has  city  headquarters 
at  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club.  The  houses  of  the  other  clubs  are  at  their 
stations.  A  number  of  other  clubs  such  as  the  American  and  Atlantic  have 
their  city  headquarters  in  the  business  offices  of  their  secretaries.  The 
oldest  and  largest  of  the  clubs  is  the  New  York,  which  was  organized  in 
1844  and  incorporated  in  1S86.  Its  fleet  now  numbers  more  than  one 
hundred  steam  yachts  and  launches,  and  more  than  160  sail  yachts.  The 
club  maintains  seven  stations,  and  its  annual  cruise  is  the  greatest  yacht- 
ing event  of  the  year.  The  first  two  stations  are  at  New  York,  the  third  at 
Whitestone,  and  the  others  at  New  London,  Shelter  Island,  Newport  and 
Vineyard  Haven.  The  New  York  Yacht  Club  is  the  present  holder  of  the 
famous  100  guinea  cup,  which  was  wron  by  the  yacht  America,  on  Aug.  22, 
1S51,  at  Cowes,  England,  in  the  regatta  of  the  Royal  Yacht  Squadron. 
The  club  holds  the  cup  under  the  deed  of  gift  of  the  late  George  R.  Schuy 


i 


SPORTS  AND   ATHLETICS.  75 

ler,  the  last  surviving  owner  of  the  cup.  It  is  held  by  the  club  as  an  inter- 
national challenge  cup,  and.  the  conditions  of  the  race  are  determined  by 
the  deed  of  gift.  The  Genesta-Puritan,  Galatea-Mayflower,  and  Thistle- 
Volunteer  races  for  the  cup  were  all  sailed  under  the  auspices  of  the  New 
York  Yacht  Club  over  the  course  off  Sandy  Hook.  The  winning  boats  all 
came  from  Boston,  but  their  owners  are  members  of  the  New  York  Club. 
Among  the  members  of  the  club  are  Wm.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Frederick  W. 
Vanderbilt,  Commodore  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  Freder- 
ick Gallatin,  E.  D.  Morgan,  Hy.  M.  Flagler,  John  A.  Morris,  Dr.  Seward 
Webb,  James  Gordon  Bennett,  George  W.  Vanderbilt,  Adrian  Iseiin, 
Wendell  Goodwin,  Archibald  Rogers,  Lieut.  W.  Henn,  R.  N.,  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  George  Gould,  Fred.  Gebhard,  Hugh  D.  Auchincloss,  Sir  Roderick 
Cameron,  Ayre,  Scotland,  Colgate  Hoyt,  Ogden  Goelet,  F.  K.  Sturgis, 
Henry  Marquand,  C.  O.  Iseiin  and  J.  Malcolm  Forbes,  Gen.  Charles  J. 
Paine  and  Wm.  Amory  Gardner,  of  Boston,  owners  of  the  Puritan,  Volun- 
teer, and  Mayflower. 

The  Seawanhaka  Corinthian  Club  was  organized  in  1871,  and  incorpor- 
ated 16  years  later.  Its  station  is  at  Oyster  Bay,  Long  Island,  where  it  has 
a  fine  club  house.  Its  annual  cruise,  usually  held  early  in  July,  is  one  of 
the  yachting  events  of  each  year.  A  number  of  the  yachts  which  have  won 
notice  by  their  performance  in  races,  belong  to  this  club  as  well  as  to  the 
New  York  Yacht  Club,  and  many  of  the  members  of  the  New  York  Club 
whose  names  are  familiar  to  the  public  belong  also  to  the  Seawanhaka  Cor- 
inthian and  to  other  clubs,  particularly  the  American  Yacht  Club,  the  mem- 
bership of  which  is  made  up  almost  entirely  of  owners  of  steam  yachts. 
The  fleet  of  the  Seawanhaka  Corinthian  Club  numbers  something  more 
than  100,  of  which  about  20  are  steam  yachts. 

The  American  Yacht  Clnb  was  organized  and  incorporated  in  1883.  It 
is  essentially  a  steam  yacht  club  and  has  in  its  fleet  44  steam  yachts  and 
naphtha  launches  and  about  24  sail  yachts.  Jay  Gould's  Atalanta,  Frederick 
W.  Vanderbilt's  English-built  Conqueror,  and  Archibald  Watt's  Golden  Rod 
are  some  of  the  largest  yachts  in  the  fleet.  The  club's  station  is  at  Milton 
Point,  Rye,  where  it  has  a  beautiful  club  house. 

The  Atlantic  Yacht  Club  is  second  in  size  to  the  New  York  club,  its 
fleet  numbering  about  140  sail  and  30  steam  yachts.  It  has  a  fine  club 
house  at  Bay  Ridge,  which  is  its  station.  It  was  organized  and  incorpor- 
ated in  January,  1866.  Its  annual  sail  is  usually  held  about  the  middle  of 
June.  The  Corinthian  Yacht  Club,  which  numbers  in  its  fleet  August  Bel- 
mont's Mineola,  Lieut.  Henn's  Galatea,  the  Irene,  Jessica,  Miranda, 
Bedouin  and  other  well  known  racing  yachts,  was  organized  in  1871.  Its 
station  is  at  Tompkinsville,  Staten  Island,  where  its  club  house  is  situated. 
The  Neptune  Yacht  Club,  of  Navesink,    N,    J.,   and  the   Brooklyn  Yacht 


76  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Club,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Gravesend  Beach,  are  both  old  clubs.  The 
Neptune  was  organized  in  1850,  and  the  Brooklyn  seven  years  later. 

The  Corinthian  Navy,  which  is  an  offshoot  from  the  Corinthian  Mos- 
quito fleet,  has  headquarters  in  the  Hotel  Marlborough,  Broadway  and 
Thirty-sixth  street.  The  navy  has  six  squadrons.  The  station  of  the  Long 
Island  squadron  is  at  Glen  Cove;  of  the  Staten  Island  squadron,  at  Sewaren, 
N.  J.;  of  the  East  River  squadron,  at  Port  Morris;  of  the  New  York  Bay 
squadron,  at  Fort  Hamilton;  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  squadron,  at  Clay- 
ton, and  of  the  Delaware  River  squadron,  at  Camden,  N.  J. 

Clubs  whose  stations  are  in  New  York,  which  have  not  heretofore  been 
mentioned,  are  the  Columbia,  at  the  foot  of  West  Eighty-sixth  street;  the 
Manhattan,  at  the  foot  of  East  Eighty-ninth  street;  the  Harlem,  which  has 
club  houses  at  121st  streeet  and  the  Harlem  River,  and  at  College  Point, 
Long  Island;  and  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  foot  of  West  Ninety-second 
street. 

Other  clubs  near  New  York  and  their  stations  are  the  Corinthian 
Mosquito  fleet,  at  New  Rochelle;  Jamaica  Bay  Y.  C,  at  Rockaway  Beach; 
Jersey  City  Y.  C,  which  was  organized  in  1858,  at  Jersey  City  and  Totten- 
ville,  Staten  Island;  Knickerbocker  Y.  C,  organized  in  1874,  which  has  a 
fine  club  house  at  College  Point;  Larchmont  Y.  C,  station  and  club  house 
at  Larchmont;  the  Marine  and  Field  Club,  club  house  at  Bath  Beach; 
Newark  Y.  C. ,  which  has  a  club  house  in  Newark  and  another  at  its  station 
at  Bayonne;  the  New  Jersey  Y.  C,  organized  in  1871,  which  has  its  clnb 
house  at  its  station  at  the  foot  of  Tenth  street,  Hoboken;  the  New  Rochelle 
Y.  C,  whose  station  and  club  house  are  at  Echo  Island,  New  Rochelle;  the 
Pavonia  Y.  C,  organized  in  1869,  which  has  stations  at  Jersey  City  and 
Atlantic  Highlands  and  a  club  house  at  each  station;  the  Williamsburg  Y. 
C,  organized  in  1870,  whose  club  house  is  at  its  station  at  Bowery  Bay;  the 
Yonkers  Corinthian  Y.  C,  of  Yonkers;  the  Yorkville  Y.  C,  which  has  a 
clubhouse  at  its  station  at  Port  Morris;  the  Raritan  Y.  C,  at  Perth 
Amboy,  N.  J.;  the  Essex  Y.  C,  which  has  stations  at  Newark  and  Bay- 
onne; the  Canarsie  Y.  C,  at  Sands  Point,  Jamaica  Bay;  the  New  York 
Yacht  Racing  Association  and  a  few  other  clubs  whose  stations  are  at  Long 
Island  summer  places. 

Racing— Jockey  Clubs. 

The  admission  fee  to  all  the  race  tracks  is  the  same,  $1.  Fifty  cents 
extra  is  charged  for  grand  stand  privileges  and  50  cents  more  for  a  badge 
admitting  the  wearer  to  the  paddock. 

The  racing  of  thoroughbreds  is  conducted  regularly  at  four  tracks  near 
New  York  city  in  this  State.  There  are  also  five  tracks  in  New  Jersey 
which  New  Yorkers  visit.     The  laws  of  New  York  legalize  betting   on   the 


SPORTS  AND  ATHLETICS.  77 

races,  but  limit  the  number  of  days  on  which  races  maybe  held  to  30  in  one 
year  for  each  track.  The  laws  of  New  Jersey  prohibit  betting  or  book- 
making  at  race  tracks,  and  because  of  the  diversity  in  the  enforcement  of 
the  New  Jersey  laws  there  were  three  tracks  at  which  there  were  no  races 
during  the  last  season. 

The  clubs  in  control  of  the  four  New  York  tracks  are  the  New  York 
Jockey  Club,  which  races  at  Morris  Park;  the  Coney  Island  Jockey  Club, 
racing  at  Sheepshead  Bay;  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club,  which  races  at 
Gravesend,  and  the  Brighton  Beach  Racing  Association,  which  races  at 
Brighton. 

The  New  Jersey  tracks  are  Monmouth  Park,  owned  by  the  Monmouth 
Park  Association;  Linden,  owned  by  the  Linden  Blood  Horse  Association; 
Clifton,  controlled  by  the  Passaic  Agricultural  Society;  Elizabeth,  where 
the  New  Jersey  Jockey  Club  races,  and  Guttenberg,  owned  by  the  Hudson 
County  Jockey  Club. 

Racing  at  the  Morris  Park,  Monmouth  Park,  Sheepshead  Bay 
and  Gravesend  tracks  is  controlled  under  the  rules  of  the 
Board  of  Control,  an  organization  of  racing  men  which  was 
formed  to  remedy  existing  evils  of  the  turf.  These  four  are 
commonly  known  as  the  "big  tracks."  The  great  stake  races  are  run 
over  these  courses,  and  the  thoroughbreds  which  struggle  for  the  rich 
prizes  are  of  much  higher  class  and  the  sport  is  really  better  than  at  the 
smaller  tracks.  The  meetings  at  these  tracks  are  held  in  the  summer,  and 
the  racing  season  is  said  to  begin  on  the  day  of  the  Brooklyn  Handicap, 
which  opens  the  spring  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Jockey  Club  at  the 
Gravesend  track.  The  race  is  worth  about  $20,000  and  is  one  of  the  three 
races  which  attract  the  most  attention  and  the  greatest  crowds  of  the  sea- 
son. The  spring  meeting  at  Gravesend  continues  for  15  days.  The  best 
races  of  the  meeting  besides  the  Handicap  are  the  Great  American  Stakes 
and  the  Fort  Hamilton  Handicap.  The  Gravesend  track  lies  south  of 
Brooklyn  and  is  reached  by  any  of  the  Coney  Island  routes.  It  is  a  very 
few  minutes'  ride  from  New  York  and  the  fare  varies  from  10  to  25  cents, 
according  to  the  route  taken. 

After  the  spring  meeting  at  Gravesend  the  thoroughbreds  go  to  Morris 
Park  for  the  spring  meeting  of  the  New  York  Jockey  Club,  which  opens 
with  the  Metropolitan  Handicap.  This  meeting  is  also  for  15  days,  during 
which  the  Withers,  Belmont  and  Great  Eclipse  stakes  are  decided,  the  last 
of  which  is  worth  $40,000.  Morris  Park  is  the  most  beautiful  and  the  new- 
est of  the  race  courses  near  New  York.  No  expense  was  spared  in  making 
it  attractive  and  comfortable.  The  betting  ring  will  accommodate  a  far 
larger  crowd  than  has  ever  attended  a  race  in  this  country,  and  in  front  of 
the  grand  stand  a  beautiful  lawn   slopes    gradually  to  the  track.     Morris 


78  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Park  is  reached  by  the  Second  or  Third  avenue  elevated  roads  to  Harlem 
River,  thence  by  Harlem  River  division  of  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.  to 
Van  Nest,  or  by  the  suburban  road  from  Third  avenue  and  129th  street  to 
Van  Nest.     Fare,  20  cents. 

From  Morris  Park  the  thoroughbreds  go  to  Sheepshead  Bay,  and  the 
great  Suburban  Handicap  is  the  event  of  the  opening  day.  This  race  is 
worth  about  $25,000  and  has  been  the  occasion  of  some  of  the  most  thrilling 
contests  on  the  turf.  During  the  fifteen  days  of  the  spring  meeting  at  the 
Sheepshead  Bay  track  the  Great  Trial  stakes  are  decided  and  the  meeting, 
which  begins  with  the  greatest  of  the  three  great  races  of  the  year — the 
Brooklyn  Handicap,  Suburban  Handicap  and  the  Futurity — closes  with  the 
rich  Realization  stakes,  which  is  worth  $40,000.  Sheepshead  Bay  is  on  the 
Manhattan  Beach  and  Brighton  Beach  railroads,  and  is  reached  from  New 
York  by  way  of  the  34th  street  station  of  the  Long  Island  railroad  and  the 
Atlantic  avenue  station  of  the  Manhattan  Beach  road  and  the  Bedford 
station  of  the  Brighton  Beach  road.  The  ride  varies  from  15  to  30  minutes' 
duration,  according  to  the  road  taken.     The  round  trip  fare  is  50  cents. 

When  the  thoroughbreds  leave  Sheepshead  Bay  they  go  down  the  Jer- 
sey coast  to  Monmouth  Park  for  the  30  days'  summer  meeting.  At  the 
same  time  the  summer  meeting  of  the  Brighton  Beach  Racing  Association 
opens  at  the  Brighton  Beach  track.  This  meeting  also  continues  for  30 
racing  days.  During  two  months  the  Monmouth  Park  and  Brighton  Beach 
race  days  alternate,  Monmouth  racing  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and 
Saturdays,  and  Brighton  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays.  The 
races  at  Brighton  are  almost  all  selling  events,  and  although  of  a  better 
class  than  the  winter  sport,  do  not  rank  with  those  seen  on  the  Board  of 
Control  tracks. 

During  the  30  days  at  Monmouth  Park  some  of  the  greatest  events  of 
the  American  Turf  are  decided.  The  Long  Branch  Handicap  is  the  first  of 
these  races.  The  Junior  Champion  and  Champion  stakes,  decided  on  the 
same  day,  follow,  and  then  come  the  great  Omnibus  stakes,  with  the  Loril- 
lard  and  Produce  stakes.  Monmouth  Park  is  the  only  race  course  fit  to  cope 
with  Morris  Park  in  beauty  and  comfort.  It  is  only  a  short  distance  from 
Long  Branch,  and  the  facilities  for  reaching  it  from  New  York  are  excellent. 
On  race  days  special  express  trains  on  the  Central  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  and  the 
Pa.  R.  R.  make  the  50  mile  run  to  the  track  in  one  hour,  and  as  fast  time  in 
returning.  The  Central  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  has  also  a  fine  boat  service  to  Atlan- 
tic Highlands.  The  twin  screw  steamers  Monmouth  and  Sandy  Hook  and 
the  big  side- wheeler  St.  Johns  make  the  run  down  New  York  Bay,  past 
Quarantine  and  through  the  Narrows  to  Atlantic  Highlands  in  an  hour, 
connecting  there  with  express  trains,  which  run  to  the  track  without  stop. 
The  round  trip  fare  by  train  from    New  York,  or  by  boat  and   train,  is  $1. 


SPORTS   AND   ATHLETICS.  70 

An  excellent  meal  is  served  on  the  boats  for  $i,  and  Pullman  buffet  cars  are 
attached  to  all  express  trains.  The  Pullman  car  fare  to  or  from  the  track  is 
40  cents. 

At  the  close  of  the  Monmouth  meeting  the  racers  go  back  to  Sheeps- 
head  Bay,  which  opens  with  the  Futurity  stakes  for  two  year  olds,  the  rich- 
est event  on  the  American  turf.  The  race  of  1890  was  worth  $76,000. 
That  of  1892  was  worth  about  $60,000.  The  fall  meeting  at  Sheepshead 
decides  the  Twin  City,  Omnium,  New  York  and  Bridge  Handicaps,  and  then 
the  thoroughbreds  go  over  to  Gravesend  for  a  15  days'  fall  meeting,  after 
which  the  fall  meeting  at  Morris  Park  is  held. 

It  has  been  the  custom  in  former  years  for  the  Linden  Blood  Horse 
Association  to  hold  a  15  days'  meeting  immediately  after  the  close  of  the 
fall  meeting  at  Morris  Park  in  October.  The  New  Jersey  Jockey  Club  fol- 
lowed Linden  with  15  days'  racing  at  Elizabeth.  Then  the  Passaic  Agri- 
cultural Society  and  the  Hudson  County  Jockey  Club  raced  at  Clifton  and 
Guttenberg  on  alternate  days  until  about  the  middle  of  April,  when  15  days' 
spring  meetings  were  held  at  Linden  and  Elizabeth  before  the  "big  season" 
opened  at  Gravesend.  In  1891,  owing  to  the  uneven  method  in  which  the 
New  Jersey  law  was  enforced,  there  was  no  racing  at  Linden,  Elizabeth  or 
Clifton.  Nor  was  there  racing  at  Monmouth  Park.  The  races  of  the  Mon- 
mouth Assooiation  were  run  off  at  Morris  and  Jerome  Parks.  Guttenberg 
opened  immediately  after  the  close  of  Morris  Park  and  raced  through  the 
entire  winter.  This  year  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Monmouth  Association 
was  held  on  its  own  tracks,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  opposition  to  Linden, 
Clifton  and  Elizabeth  will  not  prevent  the  regular  meetings  on  those  courses. 

Linden  is  18  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  reached  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  in  40  minutes  from  the  Cortlandt  street  ferry.  The  fare  for  the 
round  trip  is  50  cents.  The  Elizabeth  track  is  reached  only  by  the  Central 
R.  R.  of  N.  J.  The  time  is  about  half  an  hour  and  the  excursion  fare  is 
40  cents.  Clifton  is  reached  by  the  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.,  and  by  the  D.,  L.  & 
W.  Railroads,  from  Twenty-third  and  Chambers  streets  and  from  Barclay 
street.  The  time  is  about  50  minutes  and  the  excursion  fare  half  a  dollar. 
Guttenberg  is  reached  from  New  York  via  Barclay  and  Christopher 
streets  ferries  to  Hoboken,  thence  by  horse  cars,  or  by  Jay  and  Forty-second 
street  ferries  to  Weehawken,  thence  by  Hudson  County  Railroad. 

Driving. 

New  York  is  the  home  of  the  American  trotter.  More  valuable  trotting 
horses  are  owned  here  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  United  States.  The 
New  York  Driving  Club  is  the  richest  and  strongest  of  such  institutions  in 
the  country.  For  years  the  King  and  Queen  of  the  trotting  turf  have  been 
owned  here.     And  yet  in  spite  of  these  facts  there  is  not  a  suitable  driving 


80  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

park  nor  a  satisfactory  speedway  easy  of  access.  The  Driving  Club  was 
organized  more  than  20  years  ago.  For  a  time  after  that  Fleetwood  Park 
at  165th  St.  and  Sheridan  avenue,  then  far  out  of  the  city,  was  the  most 
famous  trotting  track  in  the  country.  But  it  was  famous  more  for  the  men 
who  sent  their  horses  there  than  for  great  races. 

Of  late  years  the  millionaire  owners  of  trotters  on  Manhattan  Island 
have  lost  their  active  interest  in  harness  races,  and  Fleetwood  has  gone  into 
a  decline.  As  a  usual  thing  one  meeting  is  held  there  each  year.  But  it  is 
not  an  important  meeting.  New  York  is  not  in  the  grand  circuit.  Fleet- 
wood usually  goes  with  a  small  eastern  circuit.  Fleetwood  is  easiest  reached 
from  the  Grand  Central  Station,  by  train  to  Melrose.  It  can  also  be  reached 
by  horse  car  from  129th  street  and  Third  avenue  every  fifteen  minutes. 

The  lover  of  the  trotting  horse  who  visits  New  York  has  more  to  see 
than  Fleetwood.  Mr.  Robert  Bonner,  the  owner  of  Maud  S.  and  Sunol,  has 
his  stables  in  West  Fifty-sixth  street.  A  permit  to  visit  the  stables  can 
always  be  obtained  by  seeing  Mr.  Bonner,  either  at  The  New  York  Ledger 
office,  182  William  street,  or  at  his  residence,  8  West  Fifty-sixth  street.  The 
stables  of  Frank  Work  and  John  D.  Rockefeller  are  also  well  worth  a  visit, 
and  there  are  numerous  public  stables  in  the  neighborhood  of  Central  Park 
which  are  models. 

In  the  winter  season  the  great  sales  of  trotters  and  thoroughbreds  are 
held.  The  Californian  horses  are  for  the  most  part  sold  in  the  American  In- 
stitute Building,  Third  avenue  and  Sixty-third  street.  Tattersall's,  at 
Seventh  avenue  and  Fifty-fifth  street,  is  also  a  great  horse  mart. 

Although  there  is  not  a  satisfactory  speeedway  in  or  near  New  York, 
there  are  certain  roads  where  fast  driving  is  permitted.  Trotters  can  be 
speeded  in  St.  Nicholas  avenue  above  155th  street,  and  Seventh  avenue 
above  135th  street  is  a  favorite  place  for  brushes.  There  on  any  fair  morning 
dozens  of  fast  steppers  may  be  seen,  many  of  them  driven  by  men  who, 
having  retired  from  business  with  great  fortunes,  derive  their  keenest 
pleasures  from  their  trotters. 

A  driving  club  has  recently  been  organized  in  Brooklyn  called  the 
Parkway  Driving  Club.  Its  members  find  most  of  their  pleasure  in  Ocean 
Parkway,  the  beautiful  soft  road  which  runs  from  Prospect  Park  to  Coney 
Island. 

Tennis, 

Eleven  years  ago  the  Tennis  Building  Association  of  New  York  was  in- 
corporated. It  is  a  stock  company  which  owns  a  handsome  and  com- 
modious building  at  212  West  Forty-first  street.  The  building  is  fitted  with 
excellent  tennis  courts  and  more  than  20  bowling  alleys.  The  tennis  courts 
and  bowling  alleys  are  rented  to  different  clubs  for  morning,  afternoon  and 


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SPORTS  AND  ATHLETICS.  81 

evening  matches,  the  stockholders  in  the  association  reserving  four  after- 
noons in  each  week  for  themselves.  Only  indoor  tennis  clubs  rent  the 
courts. 

The  most  prominent  outdoor  tennis  clubs  are  the  New  York  and  the 
recently-organized  Knickerbocker.  The  New  York  club  has  beautiful 
courts  at  147th  street  and  at  St.  Nicholas  avenue.  The  Knickerbocker's  courts 
are  in  Willis  avenue.  There  are  scores  of  other  outdoor  tennis  clubs,  some 
of  which  have  excellent  private  courts,  but  most  of  them  play  on  the  public 
courts  in  Central  and  Prospect  Parks. 

Hand  Ball. 

There  is  only  one  hand  ball  court  which  is  maintained  in  first-class 
condition  and  which  is  liberally  patronized.  That  belongs  to  Phil  Casey, 
the  champion  hand  ball  player.  It  is  at  Court  and  DeGraw  streets,  Brook- 
lyn, reached  by  a  Court  street  car  from  the  Bridge.  There  are  many  hand 
ball  players  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  but  only  one  regularly  organized 
club,  the  Brooklyn  Hand  Ball  Club.  Its  headquarters  are  at  Casey's  court. 
The  games  of  the  club  are  public;  at  some  of  them  a  small  admission  fee  is 
charged.  Anybody  who  wishes  to  play  can  engage  the  court  for  a  small 
sum  for  games.  There  is  another  court  in  South  Brooklyn,  but  it  is  not 
kept  in  good  condition  and  very  little  playing  is  done  there. 

Base  Ball. 

There  are  here  two  professional  base  ball  clubs,  one  in  New  York  and 
the  other  in  Brooklyn.  They  are  members  of  the  National  League  of  Pro- 
fessional Base  Ball  Clubs.  The  New  York  club  plays  its  games  on  the  Polo 
grounds,  at  155th  street  and  8th  avenue.  The  Brooklyn  club's  home  grounds 
are  at  Eastern  Park,  East  New  York,  reached  by  the  Kings  County  and 
Brooklyn  elevated  roads  from  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  The  season  opens  in 
the  third  week  of  April  each  year  and  continues  till  the  second  week  in 
October.  Admission  50  cents.  Grand  stand,  25  cents  extra.  Games  called 
at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

The  Amateur  Base  Ball  League,  composed  of  the  clubs  of  the  New 
Jersey  Athletic  Club,  Staten  Island  Cricket  Club,  Staten  Island  Athletic 
Club  and  Englewood  Field  Club,  plays  a  championship  series  each  year. 

A  great  many  other  amateur  base  ball  clubs  are  organized  every  year. 

Cricket. 

The  Metropolitan  District  Cricket  League  is  composed  of  thirteen  cricket 
clubs  whose  headquarters  are  in  New  York  or  the  cities  near  it.  The  league 
is  divided  into  two  sections,  each  section  plays  a  championship  schedule 
during  the  season,  and  at  the  close  of  the  season,  the  champions  of  the  two 
sections  play  a  match  for  the  championship  of  the  league.     The  members 


82  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

of  the  league  are  the  Staten  Island  C.  C,  of  Livingston,  S.  I.;  the  Manhat- 
tan C.  C. ;  Kings  County  C.  C,  Brooklyn  C.  C,  and  South  Brooklyn  C.  C,  of 
Brooklyn;  the  Berkeley  C.  C,  New  York  C.  C,  Sons  of  St.  George  and 
Harlem  C.  C,  of  New  York,  and  the  Cricket  Club  of  the  St.  George  Athletic 
Club  of  New  York;  The  Newark  C.  C.  and  the  Paterson  C.  C.  The  New 
York  and  Brooklyn  clubs  play  in  Central  and  Prospect  Parks,  respectively, 
except  the  Berkeley  Club,  which  plays  on  Berkeley  Oval,  and  the  South 
Brooklyn,  which  has  grounds  at  Fort  Hamilton.  The  Staten  Island  Club 
has  grounds  at  Livingston,  the  New  Jersey  Club  at  Bergen  Point,  and  the 
Newark  and  Paterson  clubs  in  those  cities.  No  admission  fee  is  charged  at 
any  of  the  games  which  are  public. 

Croquet. 
The  Union  Croquet  Club  is  the  only  such  organization  in   New   York. 
It  makes  its  headquarters  in   Central   Park,    where   two  tournaments   are 
played  each  year,  the  first  in  the  first  week  of  June,  and  the  second  in   the 
last  week  of  September. 

Riding  Academies. 

Most  of  the  riding  academies  are  naturally  clustered  around  Central 
Park.  Durland's,  one  of  the  largest,  is  at  the  Eighth  avenue  and  Fifty- 
ninth  street  entrance,  between  Eighth  avenue  and  the  Boulevard.  Just 
across  the  Boulevard  from  Durland's  is  the  Boulevard  Riding  Academy. 
Dickel's  Academy,  at  157  West  Fifty-sixth  street,  is  the  headquarters  of 
Troop  A,  the  only  cavalry  organization  in  the  National  Guard  of  this  State. 
The  Troop  drills  and  goes  through  its  manoeuvres  in  the  big  ring.  Cohn 
Brothers'  big  academy  is  on  Seventh  avenue  near  Fifty-ninth  street.  The 
Central  Park  Riding  Academy  is  at  Ninetieth  street  and  Fifth  avenue,  and 
the  Belmont  Riding  School  at  124th  street  and  St.  Nicholas  avenue.  There 
are  other  riding  schools  of  less  prominence.  Lessons  may  be  had  at  any 
time  in  one  of  these  academies  from  thoroughly  competent  instructors, 
either  in  private  or  in  clubs.  Road  lessons  are  also  given.  The  business 
of  the  academies  naturally  falls  off  in  the  summer,  when  many  of  their  pa- 
trons go  to  the  sea  shore  or  mountains.  Some  of  the  academies  make  a  prac- 
tice of  establishing  branches  at  various  summer  resorts.  But  in  the  fall, 
when  the  people  get  back  to  town,  business  picks  up  again  at  once.  Many 
riding  clubs  are  formed,  and  it  is  customary  for  each  academy  to  give  at 
least  one  "  music  ride  "  a  week,  at  which  one  or  more  of  the  academy's 
clubs  give  exhibitions.  Moonlight  club  rides  are  also  features  of  each  sea- 
son. 

Athletic  Clubs. 

In  the  long  list  of  athletic  clubs  in  New  York  two  are  particularly 
prominent.     They  are  the  Manhattan  and  the  New  York.     The  New  York 


SPORTS  AND  ATHLETICS.  83 

Club  is  the  older,  and,  perhaps,  the  more  conservative  of  the  two.     Its 
membership  limit  was  long  ago  reached,  and  its  waiting  list  is  very  long. 

The  New  York  Athletic  Club  was  born  on  the  17th  of  June,  1866,  in  the 
back  parlor  of  200  Sixth  Ave.,  now  a  part  of  R.  H.  Macy  &  Co's  store,  which 
was  then  a  private  residence.  In  1866,  amateur  athletics  had  just  begun 
to  assume  prominence  in  England.  The  London  Athletic  Club  was  founded 
in  1863,  the  first  Oxford-Cambridge  games  were  held  in  March,  1864,  and  the 
first  amateur  championship  meeting  in  March,  1866.  So,  on  this  June  17, 
1866,  in  the  back  parlor  of  200  Sixth  Ave.,  three  enthusiastic  amateur 
athletes  who  had  been  discussing  the  rise  of  athletic  sports  in  England 
determined  to  found  an  amateur  athletic  club  in  New  York  on  the  model 
of  its  English  predecessors.  They  chose  200  Sixth  Ave.  as  the  head- 
quarters and  weekly  rendezvous.  It  was  fitted  up  with  such  indoor  appar- 
atus as  was  at  that  time  obtainable,  and  it  is  told  in  the  annals  of  the  club 
that  great  feats  of  strength  were  performed  there. 

The  first  open  air  rendezvous  was  on  the  half-mile  track  connected  with 
the  old  "Red  Horse  Inn,"  at  the  head  of  Harlem  Lane.  In  a  few  months 
a  street  and  a  row  of  tenement  houses  disfigured  the  centre  of  the  track, 
and  the  young  athletes  went  over  to  the  Elysian  fields,  in  Hoboken.  There 
was  no  regular  track,  but  a  quarter-mile  circuit  was  marked  out  on  the  turf 
on  the  ball  field  and  several  100-yard  straightaway  courses  were  measured  off. 
Thus  far  no  effort  had  been  made  regularly  to  organize  the  club.  The 
three  original  enthusiasts  had  been  joined  by  a  number  of  other 
athletes,  and  in  their  reunions  on  the  Elysian  Fields  many  members  of  the 
Atlantic  Boat  Club,  whose  boat  house  was  only  a  quarter  of  a  mile  below, 
joined  in  the  games.  The  Elysian  Fields  proving  unsatisfactory  because  of 
their  publicity,  and  because  there  was  no  running  track,  another  change  was 
made,  this  time  to  Finley's  half-mile  track  at  72d  St.  and  Bloomingdale 
road.  In  the  summer  of  1868,  43  persons  were  registered  as  having  par- 
ticipated in  the  sports  at  this  track,  and  that  fall  the  first  effort  was  made 
to  organize  the  club.  It  was  unsuccessful,  and  so  was  the  second.  At  the 
third  effort,  Sept.  8, 1868,  fourteen  men  signed  the  muster  roll,  and  the  formal 
organization  of  America's  first  amateur  athletic  club  was  completed.  The  first 
regular  open  amateur  athletic  meeting  was  held  on  Nov.  11,  1868,  in  the 
American  Institute  Rink,  at  Sixty-second  St.  and  Third  Ave.  The  central 
section  of  the  rink  had  not  been  floored,  and  an  eighth  of  a  mile  track  was 
staked  off  on  the  smooth  clay.  The  figures  credited  to  the  winner  of  each 
game  were  the  first  amateur  records  claimed  in  America.  In  1869,  the  par- 
lor at  200  Sixth  Ave.  was  found  to  be  too  small,  and  larger  apartments  were 
secured  in  Clarendon  Hall.  In  1S70,  the  club  was  incorporated  and  its  indoor 
headquarters  transferred  to  St.  Marks  Place  gymnasium.  Next  year,  the  indoor 
rendezvous  was  changed  to  Wood's  gymnasium  in  Twenty-eighth  St. ,  and 


84  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

the  vacant  lots  between  Third  and  Lexington  avenues  and  130th  street  and 
Harlem  River  were  leased  and  made  into  an  athletic  field,  with  a  sixth  of  a 
mile  track,  and  the  club  boat  house  was  anchored  along  the  back  stretch. 
In  1876  a  large  boat  house  was  built  and  was  anchored  with  the  other  at 
the  foot  of  138th  St.,  Mott  Haven.  The  next  year,  a  lease  was  obtained  of  a 
large  plot  of  ground  north  of  the  Harlem  river,  near  150th  street,  and  beau- 
tiful grounds  were  laid  out.  In  1882,  the  indoor  headquarters  were  moved 
to  the  old  Crescent  Club  gymnasium  in  Twenty-third  street.  The  beautiful 
house  which  the  New  York  Athletic  Club  now  occupies  at  104  West  Fifty- 
fifth  street  was  opened  in  February,  1885.  Large  as  it  is,  and  perfect  as  are 
it  appointments,  it  is  not  satisfactory  to  the  club,  and  a  new  house  will  prob- 
ably be  built  in  the  near  future.  A  site  has  been  obtained  in  Sixth  avenue, 
between  Fifty-eighth  and  Fifty-ninth  streets,  opposite  the  Sixth  avenue 
entrance  to  Central  Park.  A  fund  of  $100,000  with  which  to  begin  the  new 
house  is  nearly  completed. 

In  1S87,  the  New  York  Athletic  Club  acquired  the  property  at  Pelham 
Manor  on  the  Sound,  now  known  as  Travers  Island,  being  so  named  for 
William  R.  Travers,  who  was  president  of  the  club  when  the  property  was 
purchased  and  who  died  in  Bermuda  in  1887.  Besides  a  beautiful  club 
house  at  Travers  Island  finely  fitted  up,  there  are  two  large  houses,  one  of 
which  is  named  "Wellbefall,"  and  the  other  "The  Boulders."  The  athletic 
field  of  the  club  is  now  at  Travers  Island,  and  there  its  games  are  held. 

The  Manhattan  Athletic  Club  was  organized  Nov.  7,  1S77,  and  was 
incorporated  April  1,  1878.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1878  the  new  club  leased 
22  lots  in  Eighth  avenue,  between  Fifty-sixth  and  Fifty-seventh  streets,  for 
the  first  Manhattan  Field.  A  cinder-ash  track  was  built,  an  eighth  of  a 
mile  in  circuit,  and  a  series  of  free  exhibition  races  was  given.  After  that 
games  were  regularly  held  every  spring  and  fall  until  the  club  vacated  the 
grounds  in  1883.  In  1880,  1881  and  1882  the  club's  athletes  won  the  cham- 
pionship standard  of  colors  offered  by  the  National  Association.  The  giv- 
ing of  the  colors  was  then  discontinued.  The  Manhattan  Athletic  Club 
Chronicle  says  that  the  title  of  champion  athletic  club  of  the  United  States 
has  been  earned  by  the  club,  whose  emblem  is  the  Cherry  Diamond. 
In  1883  the  club  moved  its  athletic  field  to  the  block  bounded  by  Eighth 
and  Ninth  avenues  and  Eighty-sixth  and  Eighty-seventh  streets.  There  a 
220-yard  straightaway  track  was  built,  and  another  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
circuit.  That  was  the  athletic  home  of  the  club  until  Manhattan  Field  was 
obtained  in  1891.  The  club's  social  home  was  at  524  Fifth  avenue  until 
1890,  when  it  moved  into  its  present  beautiful  club  house  at  the  corner  of 
Forty-fifth  street  and  Madison  avenue. 

The  Manhattan  Athletic  Club  has  a  six-story  fireproof  building.     The 
general  architectural  design  is  of  the  Renaissance  period.     The  frontage  in 


SPORTS  AND   ATHLETICS.  85 

Madison  avenue  is  125  feet  10  inches,  and  the  depth  115  feet  on  the  north 
and  125  feet  on  the  south.  In  the  sub-cellar  are  the  boiler  and  engine 
rooms,  the  electric  light  plant  and  the  pump  which  supplies  water  from  the 
club's  artesian  well.  In  the  rear  of  the  basement  are  the  bowling  alleys, 
so  constructed  that  there  are  platforms  between  each  two  alleys  which  will 
seat  a  large  number  of  spectators  during  match  games.  In  the  front  is  the 
swimming  bath,  100x21  feet,  8  feet  deep  at  one  end  and  5  feet  6  inches  at 
the  other.  There  are  also  a  large  number  of  dressing  and  rubbing  rooms, 
and  on  the  south  side  of  the  basement  are  the  Turkish  and  Russian  baths. 
Underneath  the  sidewalk  is  a  125-foot  rifle  range.  To  the  left,  on  the  parlor 
floor,  as  one  enters  the  building  from  Madison  avenue,  is  the  reception 
room,  and  in  the  rear  of  that  are  the  offices  of  the  club,  the  manager's  room, 
the  elevators,  and  the  cafe  and  grill  room.  To  the  right  of  the  entrance  is 
the  parlor,  62  1-2  feet  by  38.  In  the  rear  of  the  parlor  is  the  large  smoking 
and  lounging  hall,  and  in  the  rear  of  that  to  the  right  of  the  cafe  is  the 
billiard  hall,  fitted  with  twelve  billiard  and  pool  tables.  In  lieu  of 
full  partitions  on  the  parlor  floor  open  grilles  of  carved  oak  are  used.  At 
the  entrances  to  the  principal  rooms  stand  four  life-size  figures  representing 
"Running,"  "Fencing,"  "Putting  the  Shot"  and  "Hammer  Throwing." 
The  reception  room  is  finished  in  the  style  of  the  Empire.  The  furniture 
coverings  are  of  figured  silk  in  salmon  and  pink.  The  parlor  is  in  the 
Byzantine  style  with  the  ceiling  representing  a  hunting  party.  At  the 
southeast  corner  is  a  great  open  fire-place.  The  lounging  hall  and  billiard 
room  are  fitted  solidly  and  for  comfort.  The  woodwork  of  the  cafe  is  of 
oak  with  ceilings  and  walls  of  applique  work.  The  floor  of  the  main  hall  is 
a  mosaic  of  the  Cherry  Diamond.  On  the  second  floor,  in  the  centre  of  the 
building,  is'the  concert  hall,  seating  1,500  people.  It  is  107.6  by  62  feet,  and 
the  stage  is  38.10  by  24  feet.  On  this  floor  are  the  reading  and  writing 
rooms,  the  governors'  room  and  the  card  room.  On  the  south  are  the  la- 
dies' parlors.  The  ceiling  of  the  theatre  is  25  feet  high.  There  is  a  mez- 
zanine floor  12  1-2  feet  above  the  second  floor,  running  around  the  theatre, 
which  is  given  up  to  sleeping  apartments  and  the  smo  ke  room.  On  the 
third  floor  is  the  gymnasium,  109x97.4  feet.  On  the  south  is  the  boxing 
room,  29.6x25.6,  toilet,  lounging,  locker  and  dressing  rooms  and  needle  baths. 
Over  the  gymnasium  is  a  skylight  40x50  feet.  Twelve  feet  above  the  gymna- 
sium floor  is  the  running  track,  ten  feet  wide,  fourteen  laps  to  the  mile.  South 
of  the  running  track  are  the  fencing  room,  29.7x25  feet,  and  lounging,  retir- 
ing and  locker  rooms.  On  the  floor  above  the  gymnasium  is  the  main  dining 
hall,  63x31  feet,  private  dining  rooms,  housekeeper's  and  servants'  apart- 
ments, ice  house  and  storage  rooms,  laundry,  manager's  and  clerk's  rooms, 
kitchen,  pantry,  scullery  and  service  room.  Above  the  dining  hall  is  the 
roof  garden.     All  the  club  house  furnishings  are  the  finest  obtainable. 


86  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Besides  the  New  York  and  Manhattan  clubs,  other  prominent  athletic 
clubs  are  the  Scottish-American  A.  C.  of  Jersey  City,  which  was  the  great 
val  of  the  New  York  Club  when  the  Manhattan  Club  was  organized;  the 
Irish-American  A.  C. ,  whose  clubhouse  is  at  24  North  Moore  street;  the 
Pastime  Athletic  Association,  at  the  foot  of  East  Sixty-sixth  street;  the 
Staten  Island  A.  C,  at  West  New  Brighton,  and  the  St.  George  Athletic 
Association,  at  207  East  Sixteenth  street.  The  Crescent  A.  C,  of  Brooklyn, 
is  perhaps  better  known  socially  than  athletically.  It  has  beautiful  grounds 
at  Bay  Ridge  and  a  club  house  at  71  Pierpont  street,  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
base  ball  and  a  foot  ball  team  to  support  its  claim  to  athletic  prominence. 
The  Actors'  Amateur  Athletic  Association  of  America  has  a  club  house  at 
43  West  Twenty-eighth  street,  and  usually  tries  once  or  twice  a  year  to  do 
something  that  will  demonstrate  its  athletic  prowess.  The  new  University 
Athletic  Club  has  a  a  well-fitted  club  house  at  55  West  Twenty-sixth  street, 
the  old  home  of  the  Racquet  Club.  This  club  requires  for  membership  a 
diploma  from  some  recognized  college.  It  will  probably  be  more  promi- 
nent socially  than  in  the  athletic  field. 

Other  athletic,  rowing  and  wheeling  clubs,  with  their  addresses,  are  : 
Acorn  A.  C,  of  Brooklyn,  Fifth  avenue  and  Union  street;  Amity  A.  A., 
Brooklyn,  Manhattan  and  Meserole  avenues  ;  Bank  Clerks'  A.  A.,  1282 
Broadway;  Brighton  A.  C,  Brooklyn,   133  New  Jersey  avenue  ;  Brooklyn 

A.  C,  210  Grand  street,  Brooklyn  ;  Brooklyn  Bicycle  Club,  62  Hanson 
place  ;  Clipper  A.  C. ,  Lexington  avenue  and  107th  street  ;  Clinton  A.  C. ,  2 
Pike  street;  Corinthian  A.  C,  West  New  Brighton  ;  Columbia  A.  C,  12 
East  Fifteenth  street  ;  Co.  F,  47th  Regt.  A.  A.,  Brooklyn,  at  the  armory  ; 
Co.  D,  47th  Regt.  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  at  the  armory  ;  Hellgate  Boat  Club, 
Astoria  ;  Kings  Co.  Wheelmen,  1255  Bedford  avenue  ;  Manhattan ville  A.  C, 
533  W.  130th  St.;  Metropolitan  Rowing  C,  East  133d  street  and  Lex- 
ington avenue  ;  N.  Y.  Turn  Verein,  66  East  Fourth  street ;  Nautilus  Boat 
Club,  foot  Sixty-fourth  street,  Brooklyn  ;  National  A.  C. ,  Broadway  and 
Lawton  street,  Brooklyn  ;  Nonpariel  A.  C. ,  47  Oliver  street ;  Palmetto  A. 
C,  152-4  Hamilton  avenue,  Brooklyn  ;  Prospect  Harriers,  286  Bridge  street, 
Brooklyn  ;  Stuyvesant  A.  C,  166  East  123d  street ;  71st  Regt.  A.  A.,  in  the 
armory  ;  Sylvan  A.  A  ,  1390 Boston  road  ;  12th  Regt.  A.  A.,  in  the  armory  ; 
23d  Regt.  A.  A.,  in  the  armory  ;  Titan  A.  C,  414  West  Forty-fifth  street ; 
Union  A.  C,  103  Pineapple  street,  Brooklyn;  Varuna  Boat  Club,  164 
Atlantic  avenue,  Brooklyn  ;  West  Side  A.  C,  329  West  Fifty-fourth  street  ; 
Williamsburgh  A.  A.,  145  Skillman  avenue,  Brooklyn;  Xavier  A.  C,  27 
West  Sixteenth  street;  Xavier  B.  C,  27  West  Sixteenth  street ;  Xavier  B. 

B.  C,  27  West  Sixteenth  street ;  Columbia  College  Athletic  Union,  41  East 
Forty-ninth  street  ;  Crescent  Rowing  Club,  Park  avenue  and  East  133d 
street ;  Dauntless   Rowing   Club,    Lenox   avenue   and  West  147th  street  ; 


SPORTS   AND  ATHLETICS.  87 

Friendship  Boat  Club,  foot  of  East  132c!  street ;  Gotham  Wheelmen,  54  East 
Seventy-ninth  street ;  Gramercy  Boat  Club,  Park  avenue  and  134th  street ; 
Harlem  Wheelmen,  2180  Fifth  avenue  ;  Lafayette  Athletic  Club,  Washing- 
ton avenue  and  West  167  street ;  Lone  Star  Boat  Club,  West  153d  street 
and  Harlem  river  ;  Manhattan  Bicycle  Club,  243  West  Fifty-sixth  street ; 
Nonpariel  Rowing  Club,  foot  of  East  i32d  street ;  N.  Y.  Bicycle  Club,  146 
West  End  avenue  ;  Nassau  Boat  Club,  foot  of  East  i32d  street ;  Riverside 
Wheelmen,  232  West  104th  street  ;  Waverly  Boat  Club,  foot  of  West  105th 
street. 


(5LUBS  /cND   S06IETIES. 


The  Leading  Organizations  in  New  York  for  Social,  Literary  and  Other 
Purposes] — Their  Homes. 


Clubs. 

New  York  City  is  easily  first  among  the  cities  of  the  new  world  in  the 
number,  variety,  wealth  and  importance  of  its  clubs,  societies  and  associa- 
tions. No  five  other  cities  on  the  western  continent  taken  as  a  whole  can 
compare  with  it  in  this  respect.  Of  recognized  clubs  alone  there  are  at  least 
300,  and  the  societies  and  associations  on  Manhattan  Island  are  almost  in- 
numerable. 

Many  of  the  leading  fraternal  orders  and  secret  societies  of  the  United 
States  have  their  headquarters  in  New  York  City.  All  of  them  are  at  least 
represented.  So  are  most  of  the  leading  colleges  and  college  fraternities. 
Of  philanthropic,  educational  and  scientific  societies  and  associations  there 
is  no  end.  Almost  every  race  and  nationality  has  anywhere  from  one  to  a 
score  of  distinctively  racial  organizations.  No  man,  whatever  his  race, 
creed,  profession,  inclinations,  or  social  aspirations,  need  have  the  slightest 
trouble  in  finding  some  congenial  organization  in  New  York  City. 

Social  Clubs. 

Actors'  Amateur  Athletic  Association  of  America — Commonly 
known  as  "the  Five  A's."  Although  officially  known  as  an  "association," 
"the  Five  A's"  is  essentially  a  club.  Membership  is  restricted  to  theatrical 
people,  and  many  of  the  best  known  American  actors'  names  appear  on  the 
roll.  Entertainments  for  the  benefit  of  the  club  are  generally  given  in 
New  York  City  each  year,  and  dozens  of  actors  and  actresses  of  national 
repute  contribute  their  services.  Organized,  1889;  membership,  400;  house, 
No.  43  West  28th  street. 

Alpha  Delta  Phi  Club — The  leading  club  organization  of  members 
of  the  college  fraternity  of  Alpha  Delta  Phi.  None  but  members  of  the 
fraternity  are  eligible,  but  outsiders  may  be  admitted  as  visitors.  Organ- 
ized, 1890;  membership,  about  350;  house,  266  Madison  avenue. 

Arion  Society — Nominally  designed  to  promote  the  cultivation  and 
performance  of  sacred  and  secular  music,  but  in  reality  the  leading  German 


CLCJBS   AND  SOCIETIES.  89 

social  organization  of  the  United  States.  Membership  is  not  restricted  to 
Germans,  but  as  all  the  proceedings  at  business  and  social  meetings  are 
conducted  in  German  the  great  majority  of  members  are  German-speaking 
people.  "Carnivals"  of  a  musical  nature  are  given  almost  weekly  during 
the  winter  months  in  the  Society's  superb  house,  and  a  masque  ball  is  annu- 
ally given,  generally  in  the  Madison  Square  Garden  on  February  21. 
This  ball  is  the  liveliest  fixture  of  the  social  season  and  is  also  notable  for 
its  magnificent  and  costly  pageantry.  At  all  of  the  '  'carnivals,"  and,  in  fact, 
at  almost  all  times,  ladies  under  escort  of  members  are  admitted  to  the 
club-house.  Organized,  1854;  membership,  1,500;  house,  corner  of  Park 
avenue  and  59th  street. 

Calumet  Club — A  purely  social  organization  whose  membership  is 
chiefly  confined  to  sons  of  wealthy  and  aristocratic  families.  It  has  jocular- 
ly been  termed  the  "Junior  Union  Club"  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  fathers 
of  many  of  its  members  are  Union  Club  men  and  that  most  Calumet  men 
eventually  become  members  of  the  Union.  Organized,  1879;  membership, 
about  600;  house,  No.  267  Fifth  avenue. 

Catholic  Club — The  leading  social  organization  of  members  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  resident  in  New  York  City  and  vicinity.  Only 
Catholics  are  eligible.  A  director  appointed  by  the  Archbishop  of  New 
York  nominally  supervises  the  affairs  of  the  club  and  has  the  power  of  veto- 
ing any  action  of  the  club  or  its  Board  of  Managers  which  he  may  deem 
prejudicial  to  the  best  interests  of  the  church,  but  this  power  is  rarely,  if 
ever,  exercised.  Organized,  1871;  membership,  about  800;  house,  No.  120 
West  59th  street. 

Cercle  Francais  de  l'  Harmonie — The  distinctively  French  social  club 
of  New  York  City.  Its  tone  is  exclusive  and  all  the  members  are  well-to-do. 
One  of  the  House  Rules  prohibits  the  use  of  any  language  other  than  French 
in  the  club  house,  hence  the  organization  maintains  its  distinctively  French 
character.  Membership,  about  400;  house,  No.  26  West  Twenty-fourth  street. 

Church  Club — A  social  organization  of  baptized  laymen  of  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Church  and  of  churches  in  communion  with  that  church. 
Organized,  1887;  membership,  about  450;  secretary's  office,  No.  4  Warren 
street. 

Clergy  Club — Membership  restricted  to  clergymen  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church.  Organized,  1888;  membership,  150;  house,  No.  29 
Lafayette  Place. 

Coaching  Club — An  exclusive  organization  designed  to  encourage 
"four-horse  driving"  in  America.  Its  membership  is  practically  confined 
to  the  so-called  "Four  Hundred."  Its  parades  in  Central  Park  are  essen- 
tially society  events  and  attract  much  attention.  Organized,  1875;  member- 
ship, 41 ;  no  house.  • 


90  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Colonial  Club — A  social  club  which,  by  accident  rather  than  design, 
has  become  a  residential  club,  nine-tenths  of  its  members  living  in  the  dis- 
trict lying  west  of  Central  Park  and  adjacent  to  the  club-house.  It  is  the 
only  purely  social  club  of  consequence  in  that  section  of  the  city,  has  en- 
joyed phenomenal  success,  and  is  one  of  the  few  clubs  of  standing  which 
have  set  apart  suites  of  rooms  for  the  use  of  the  wives  and  daughters  of 
members.  Organized,  1889;  membership,  about  700;  house,  corner  of  the 
Boulevard  and  West  72d  street. 

Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  Club — The  largest  of  the  college  fraternity 
clubs  in  New  York  City.  Any  member  of  the  D.  K.  E.  fraternity  whose 
class  has  been  graduated  is  eligible  to  membership.  Organized,  1885;  mem- 
bership, about  500;  house,  No.  435  Fifth  avenue. 

Deutscher  Verein  (German  Club) — The  most  exclusive  German  social 
club  in  the  city.  Nearly  all  the  club's  members  are  wealthy  and,  small 
though  the  membership  is,  the  club  maintains  one  of  the  handsomest  club- 
houses in  New  York.  A  feature  of  the  house  is  the  superb  suite  of  apart- 
ments for  the  accommodation  of  the  ladies  of  members'  families  who  may 
wish  to  take  luncheon  or  dinner  at  the  club  or  while  away  an  hour  there. 
Only  German  speaking  people  are  eligible  to  membership.  Organized, 
1842;  membership,  about  250;  house,  No.  112  West  59th  street. 

Electric  Club — Designed  to  promote  acquaintance  and  social  inter- 
course among  those  interested  in  the  study  and  practical  application  of  elec- 
tricity. Organized,  1885;  membership,  about  550;  house,  No.  17  East  22d 
street. 

Engineers'  Club — Similar  in  plan  and  scope  to  the  Electric  Club  except 
that  it  caters  to  the  engineering  profession  rather  than  to  the  electrical  bus- 
iness. Organized,  1888;  membership,  about  300;  house,  No.  10  West  29th 
street. 

Fencers'  Club — A  social  organization  of  those  interested  in  the  art  of 
fencing.  Organized,  1883;  membership,  about  200;  house,  No.  8  West  2Sth 
street. 

Freundschaft  Club — Otherwise  known  as  the  Freundschaft  Verein. 
Most  of  the  club's  members  are  Hebrews,  and  membership  is  practically  re- 
stricted to  people  of  that  race.  The  club-house  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
handsomest  in  the  city.  The  organization  is  purely  social  in  character. 
Organized,  1879;  membership,  about  350;  house,  Park  avenue  and  72d 
street. 

Harlem  Club — A  social  club  for  the  accommodation  of  residents  of  the 
northern  part  of  the  city,  known  as  Harlem.  Organized,  1879;  membership, 
about  450;  house,  corner  of  Lenox  avenue  and  123d  street. 

Harmonie  Club. — The  leading  Hebrew  social  club  of  New  York  City. 
There  are  four  other  Hebrew  clubs  of  recognize^  standing,   but  the  Har- 


CLUBS   AND  SOCIETIES.  91 

ttionie  probably  outranks  any  of  them  in  point  of  wealth  and  exclusiveness. 
Organized,  1852;  membership,  about  300;  house,  No.  45  West  Forty-second 
street. 

Harvard  Club — The  only  club  in  the  city  with  permanent  quarters 
maintained  by  the  graduates  of  a  single  university.  Alumni  of  Harvard 
and  those  who  have  been  connected  with  the  university  for  one  year  either 
as  instructors  or  students  may  become  members.  Organized,  1865;  mem- 
bership, about  700;  house,  No.  11  West  226.  street. 

Knickerbocker  Club — The  most  exclusive  social  club  in  New  York 
City.  It  had  its  origin  in  a  split  in  the  Union  Club,  the  discontented  ele- 
ment practically  withdrawing  from  the  Union  and  founding  the  Knicker- 
bocker. Almost  every  member  is  well-known  socially,  and  dozens  of 
Knickerbocker  men  are  famed  as  millionaires.  Organized,  1871;  member- 
ship, 450;  house,  No.  319  Fifth  avenue. 

Ladies'  New  York  Club — A  purely  social  club  "  of  women,  for  women, 
by  women."  It  occupies  a  cozy  house,  has  most  of  the  features  of  the  male 
club,  and  besides  entertains  its  members  with  "  teas,"  readings  and  other 
distinctive  features  of  the  feminine  club.  Organized,  1889;  membership, 
about  500;  house,  No.  28  East  22d  street. 

Lambs'  Club — A  social  organization  of  actors,  which  has  as  its  object 
"  social  intercourse  of  members  of  the  dramatic  and  musical  professions 
with  men  of  the  world  and  the  giving  of  entertainments  for  mutual  amuse- 
ment and  instruction."  Many  of  its  entertainments  are  unique  and  all  are 
exceedingly  enjoyable.  Organized,  1874;  membership,  about  250;  house, 
No.  8  West  29th  street. 

Liederkranz — A  musical  aud  social  organization  whose  membership  is 
practically  confined  to  Germans  and  Hebrews.  It  has  a  chorus  of  125  male 
and  80  female  voices,  and  annually  gives  several  concerts  in  its  large  and 
handsome  house.  The  Arion  Society  grew  out  of  it,  and  the  two  are  not 
unlike  in  scope  and  character.  Organized,  1847;  membership,  about  1,750; 
house,  No.  115  East  58th  street. 

Metropolitan  Club — An  exclusive  social  organization  still  in  embryo. 
The  organization  of  the  club  has  been  completed,  and  its  membership  list 
indicates  that  it  will  rank  second  to  no  club  in  the  country  in  wealth  and 
social  position.  As  yet,  however,  the  marble  club  house  which  it  will  oc- 
cupy is  uncompleted  and  the  club  exists  on  paper  only.  Organized,  1891; 
membership,  about  800;  house  (in  course  of  erection),  corner  Fifth  avenue 
and  60th  street. 

Metropolitan  Club — An  exclusive  social  club  of  Hebrews.  Organized, 
1878;  membership,  about  300;  house,  No.  751  Fifth  avenue. 

Music  Club — A  professional  club  of  musicians,  composers  and  critics, 
designed  to  bring  together  those  of  musical  bent  in  a  social  way.     A  novel 


90  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW   YORK. 

feature  of  the  club  is  the  prohibition  of  the  playing  of  any  musical  instru- 
ment or  rendition  of  any  musical  composition  in  its  rooms.  Organized, 
1890;  membership,  about  150;  rooms  39  West  31st  street. 

New  Club — A  well-to-do  social  club.  Organized,  1S89  ;  membership, 
about  100;  house,  No.  747  and  749  Fifth  avenue. 

New  York  Club — A  purely  social  club  of  wealth  and  standing,  next  in 
point  of  age  to  the  Union  Club.  In  the  early  days  of  clubs  in  New  York 
City  it  and  the  Union  ranked,  for  years,  as  the  two  leading  clubs  of  the 
city.  The  New  York  Club  is  exceedingly  conservative,  and  has  no  public 
functions  whatever.  Wall  street  brokers  form  a  conspicuous  element  of  its 
membership.  Organized,  1845;  membership,  about  850;  house,  corner  of 
Fifth  avenue  and  35th  street. 

Ohio  Society — A  social  organization  of  natives,  former  residents  or  sons 
of  natives  of  the  state  of  Ohio.  It  maintains  a  club-house,  but  the  members 
rarely  frequent  it  except  on  the  occasion  of  the  monthly  meetings  in  the  Fall 
and  Winter  months.  Organized,  1886;  membership,  about  350;  house,  No. 
236  Fifth  avenue. 

Players',  The — A  conservative  and  exclusive  club  of  actors,  theat- 
rical managers,  playwrights  and  professional  men.  Its  objects  are 
stated  in  this  wise  :  "To  bring  the  worthy  ones  of  the  theatrical  profession 
into  frequent  intercourse  with  gentlemen  of  other  arts  and  callings  who 
love  the  stage  and  appreciate  the  value  of  the  drama."  The  Players'  was 
founded  by  Edwin  Booth,  who  provided  a  house  for  it  and  liberally  endow- 
ed it,  and  he,  as  president,  and  a  perpetual  board  of  trustees  appointed 
with  his  concurrence,  govern  its  affairs.  Organized,  1887;  membership, 
about  500;  house,  No.  16  Gramercy  Park. 

Progress  Club. — A  Hebrew  social  club  whose  house  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  and  best  equipped  club  houses  in  New  York  City.  Organized, 
1864;  membership,  about  525;  house,  Fifth  avenue  and  Sixty-third  street. 

Psi  Upsilon  Club — A  college  fraternity  club,  membership  in  which  is 
restricted  to  members  of  the  Greek-letter  fraternity  known  as  Psi  Upsilon. 
Its  aims  are  purely  social.  Organized,  1886;  membership,  about  250;  house, 
No.  33  West  42d  street. 

Racquet  and  Tennis  Club. — Generally  known  as  the  Racquet  Club.  It 
is  an  outgrowth  of  a  club  formed  several  years  ago  for  the  encouragement 
and  development  of  the  game  of  racquets,  and  has  elaborate 
racquet  and  tennis  courts  in  its  handsome  new  house,  but  is  essen- 
tially a  social  club.  Most  of  its  members  are  wealthy,  and  all  move  in  ex- 
cellent society.  Under  its  direction  several  amateur  billiard  tournaments 
have  been  held,  and  the  winner  of  the  Racquet  Club  tournament  is  practi- 
cally acknowledged  as  the  champion  amateur  billiard  player  of  the  Eastern 
states  —  if  not,   indeed,   of   the   United  States.      Reorganized  under   the 


Simpson,  Crawford  4  Simpson 

IMPORTERS  AND   RETAILERS  OF  ' 

DRY    (xOODS 


OF    BVISKY     DESCRIPTION  ; 


Cloaks,  Suits,  Millinery  Goods,  &c. 
6th  Avenue,  19th  to  20th  St.,  N.  Y. 


65  Departments,  covering  an  area  of  80,000  square  feet, 
and  presenting  in  their  entirety  an  Aggregate  of  At- 
tractions unsurpassed  by  any  Retail  Dry  Goods  House 
in  America. 

VISITORS  TO  NE  W  YORK  are  cordially  invited  to  visit  our 
establishment. 


ONE  OF  THE  SIGHTS  OF  NEW  YORK 

Is  the  large  and  comprehensive  display  of 

Fine  Furniture 


AT  THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF 


15 

SHOW  ROOMS 
AND 


SUITE  OF 

FURNISHED 
SPECIMEN 
ROOMS. 


R.J.  HORNER  &  CO. 

61-65  West  23d  Street, 

(ADJOINING   EDEN    MUSEE.) 


VISITORS  TO  NEW  YORK  ARE  CORDIALLY  INVITED 
TO  EXAMINE  OUR  STOCK  AND  PRICES. 


CLUBS  AND   SOCIETIES.  93 

present  title,  1890;  membership,  773;  house,  No.  27  West  Forty-third 
street. 

Renwick  Club — A  social  club  with  semi-Bohemian  predilections.  Or- 
ganized, 1881;  membership,  about  300;  house.  No.  40  West  32d  street. 

Riding  Club — The  most  exclusive  of  the  many  riding  clubs  of  the  city. 
Most  of  its  members  move  in  ultra-fashionable  society.  The  club  has  its 
own  riding  ring  and  permanent  club  quarters.  Organized,  1S82;  member- 
ship, about  450;  house,  No.  5  East  58th  street. 

St.  Anthony's  Club — Otherwise  known  as  Delta  Psi  Club.  This  is 
the  oldest  and  probably  the  wealthiest  of  the  college  fraternity  clubs  in  this 
city,  and  it  is  the  only  one  of  the  half  score  or  more  "  Greek-letter  clubs" 
on  Manhattan  Island  which  has  erected  and  owns  its  club-house.  Not  only 
is  membership  restricted  to  members  of  the  Delta  Psi  fraternity,  but 
no  non-member  is  even  allowed  to  pass  the  threshold  of  the  club-house. 
The  club  rooms  are  on  the  first  floor,  and  the  windowless  floor  above  is  the 
chapter-room  of  the  Columbia  College  chapter  of  the  Delta  Psi  fraternity. 
Organized,  1878;  membership,  about  200;  house,  No.  29  East   28th   street. 

Saint  Nicholas  Club — An  aristocratic  social  club,  membership  in  which 
is  restricted  to  male  descendants  of  residents  of  New  York  State  prior  to 
1785.  Organized,  1875  ;  membership,  about  400 ;  house,  No.  386  Fifth 
avenue. 

Seventh  Regiment  Veteran  Club — A  social  club  composed  of  former 
members  of  the  famous  Seventh  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.  Organized, 
1889;  membership,  800  ;  house,  No.  756  Fifth  avenue. 

Swiss  Club — A  social  organization  of  people  of  Swiss  birth  and  ances- 
try. Organized,  1882 ;  membership,  about  200 ;  rooms,  No.  80  Clinton 
Place. 

Tenderloin  Club — A  unique  organization  of  decidedly  Bohemian 
character.  Most  of  its  members  are  newspaper  men,  actors  and  "  men 
about  town.''  Its  club-house  has  no  parallel  in  the  matter  of  decorations. 
The  walls  of  one  room  are  adorned  with  bottles,  knives,  pistols  and  other 
articles  of  infinite  variety,  which  were  embedded  in  the  plastering  while  it 
was  moist.  Another  room  bristles  with  the  vignettes  of  hundreds  of 
American  newspapers  pasted  on  the  walls  in  hap-hazard  fashion.  Enter- 
tainments, consisting  of  dancing,  singing,  recitations,  etc.  by  professionals, 
are  frequently  given  in  the  club-house  in  winter.  Cheering  or  other  bois- 
terous manifestations  of  approval  are  prohibited,  as  these  entertainments — 
and,  in  fact,  all  meetings  and  elections  of  the  club — begin  at  midnight,  and 
if  the  audience  wishes  to  record  its  pleasure  it  does  so  by  vigorous  hissing. 
Organized,  1889;  membership,  about  800;  house,  No.  114  West  32d  street. 

Union  Club — The  oldest  club  in  New  York  City,  and  undoubtedly  the 
wealthiest  and  most  famous  club  in  America.     Membership  in  it  confers  a 


04  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

distinct  social  standing.  Nearly  all  the  men  of  prominence  in  New  York 
society  are  members,  and  the  pressure  for  admission  is  so  great  that  many 
members  "  put  up "  their  sons  for  membership  while  the  latter  are  mere 
infants,  that  their  names  may  be  near  the  head  of  the  list  of  candidates 
when  they  become  eligible  in  point  of  age.  Organized,  1836;  membership, 
about  1,500;  house,  corner  Fifth  avenue  and  21st  street. 

United  Service  Club — A  military  and  naval  club  composed  of  commis- 
sioned officers  and  ex-officers  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  Navy,  and  National  Guard, 
and  graduates  of  the  U.  S.  Military  and  Naval  Academies.  Its  objects  are 
purely  social.  Organized,  1889;  membership,  about  800;  house,  No.  16 
West  31st  street. 

University  Club — A  social  club  restricted  to  those  who  have  received 
degrees  from  universities  and  colleges  requiring  a  three  years'  residence 
and  study,  recipients  of  honorary  degrees  and  graduates  of  the  U.  S.  Mili- 
tary and  Naval  Academies.  It  ranks  among  the  half  dozen  leading  clubs 
of  the  city  in  point  of  wealth,  membership  and  standing,  and  has  a  valuable 
library.  Organized,  1865;  membership,  about  1,800;  house,  corner  Madison 
avenue  and  26th  street. 

Southern  Society — A  social  organization  of  natives  and  former  resi- 
dents of  the  Southern  states.  Only  those  born  in  the  South,  direct  descend- 
ants of  Southerners  and  residents  of  the  South  for  at  least  20  years  prior  to 
1884  are  eligible  to  membership.  Though  formally  termed  a  "Society,"  the 
organization  is  to  all  intents  and  purposes  a  club.  Its  house  is  the  rallying 
place  and  headquarters  for  Southerners  temporarily  resident  in  this  city. 
Organized,  1886;  membership,  about  1,400;  house,  Nos.  18-20  West  25th 
street. 

St.  George's  Club — A  social  club  restricted  to  those  of  English  birth 
or  descent.  Organized,  1891;  membership,  about  250;  house,  corner  Lex- 
ington Avenue  and  27th  street. 

Literary  and  Artistic  Clubs. 

Aldine  Club — Essentially  literary  in  character,  only  publishers,  authors, 
printers,  artists,  sculptors,  engravers,  architects,  musicians,  or  those  in  sym- 
pathy with  these  pursuits,  being  eligible  to  membership.  The  great  ma- 
jority of  members  are  publishers,  authors  or  journalists.  During  the  "club 
season" — from  October  1  to  May  1 — charming  entertainments  in  line  with 
the  character  of  the  club  are  frequently  given.  Organized,  1889;  member- 
ship, 250;  house,  No.  20  Lafayette  Place. 

Authors'  Club — A  club  and  not  a  club.  Its  objects  are  purely  social, 
but  only  on  the  bi-monthly  meeting  nights  are  the  club's  rooms  frequented. 
At  other  times  they  are  practically  deserted.  Only  "authors  of  published 
books  proper  to  literature,  or  those  holding  recognized  positions  in  distinc- 


CLUBS  AND   SOCIETIES.  95 

tively  literary  work,"  are  eligible  to  membership.  The  lines  are  closely 
drawn,  and  the  club  is  the  most  exclusive  and  most  representative  organiza- 
tion of  the  kind  in  America,  numbering  among  its  members  nearly  all  the 
more  prominent  authors  of  the  country.  Organized,  1882;  membership 
about  150;  rooms,  No.  19  West  24th  street. 

Century  Club — The  recognized  and  oldest  literary  club  of  New  York 
City.  It  had  its  origin  in  a  sketching  club  of  the  olden  time,  and  admits 
none  but  authors,  artists,  or  men  of  acknowledged  position  in  professions 
akin  to  these  pursuits.  Its  membership  includes  most  of  the  distinguished 
artists,  authors  and  journalists,  and  many  of  the  more  eminent  clergymen  of 
the  city  and  country.  Its  tone  is  exceedingly  conservative  and  its  standing 
in  the  club  world  of  the  very  best.  Monthly  art  exhibitions  are  given  in  the 
club  gallery,  during  the  season,  and  cards  of  invitation  to  these  exhibitions 
are  eagerly  sought  by  New  Yorkers  of  artistic  inclinations.  As  a  rule,  only 
the  artist-members  of  the  club  are  permitted  to  contribute.  Organized, 
1847;  membership,  about  800;  house,  No.  7  West  43d  street. 

Grolier  Club — One  of  the  most  interesting  literary  clubs  in  the  city. 
It  is  a  club  of  book-makers,  and  includes  among  its  members  most  of  the 
better-known  book  connoisseurs  and  designers.  Its  unique  exhibitions 
of  rare  volumes,  quaint  bindings,  illustrated  manuscripts,  etc.,  are  notable 
fixtures  of  the  literary  life  of  the  city.  Organized,  1884;  membership,  about 
350;  house,  No.  29  East  32d  street. 

Kit-Kat  Club — Organized  as  a  working  club  for  artists,  but  has  de- 
veloped into  a  semi-social  club.  There  are  two  classes  of  membership — 
artists  and  lay  members.  Organized,  1881;  membership,  not  stated;  rooms, 
No.  61  Lexington  avenue. 

Lotos  Club — Originally  organized  as  a  journalistic  club,  soon  devel- 
oped into  a  literary  and  artistic  organization  and  now  ranks  as  the  lead- 
ing social-literary  club  of  the  city.  It  is  less  formal  and  more  sprightly 
than  the  Century  Club,  and  its  "Saturday  Nights,"  art  exhibitions  and  re- 
ceptions to  distinguished  visiting  litterateurs  and  artists  have  made  it 
famous  the  world  over.  Organized,  1870;  membership,  about  650;  house, 
No.  149  Fifth  avenue  (will  remove  to  Nos.  556  and  558  Fifth  avenue  in 
November). 

Press  Club — The  distinctively  journalistic  social  organization  of  New 
York  City  and  the  largest  press  club  in  the  United  States.  Nominally  so- 
cial in  its  purposes,  it  is  really  a  benevolent  organization  and  is  incorpor- 
ated under  the  New  York  legislative  act  providing  for  charitable  and  be- 
nevolent institutions.  Hundreds  of  unfortunate  newspaper  men  and  their 
families  have  received  aid  from  the  Press  Club's  charity  fund,  and  two  score 
journalists  have  been  buried  in  the  club's  burial  plot  in  Cypress  Hills  Ceme- 
tery.    Organized,  1872;  membership,  650;  house,  No.  120  Nassau  street. 


96  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Salmagundi  Club — The  only  social  club  in  the  United  States  which 
absolutely  restricts  membership  to  artists  of  recognized  ability  and  standing. 
Art  exhibitions  and  social  entertainments  are  frequently  given  in  the  club- 
house. Organized,  1871;  membership,  about  175;  house,  No.  40  West  226. 
street. 

Women's  Press  Club. — A  social  organization  of  women  of  literary 
bent.     Organized,  180;  membership,  150;  rooms,  126  East  23d  street. 

Political  Clubs. 

City  Club. — A  politico-social  organization  formed  for  the  purpose  of 
purifying  municipal  politics,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  divorcing  them  from 
national  politics.  Many  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of  New  York  have 
enrolled  their  names  on  the  club's  membership  list,  and  it  is  probable  that 
the  organization  will  eventually  prove  an  influential  and  beneficent  one.  It 
is  now  looking  for  a  suitable  house,  and  will  probably  establish  itself  in  a 
home  during  the  present  year.     Organized  1892,  membership  about  600. 

Democratic  Club — The  junior  Democratic  social  club  of  the  city,  rank- 
ing second  to  the  Manhattan  Club.  It  participates  in  politics  to  some  ex- 
tent but  is  chiefly  social  in  purpose  and  character.  Organized,  1852;  mem- 
bership, about  1,000;  house,  No.  617  Fifth  avenue. 

Manhattan  Club — The  best-known  social  organization  of  members  of 
the  Democratic  party  in  the  United  States.  It  is  famed  for  its  good  cookery 
and  its  occupancy  of  the  marble  palace  built  and  occupied  by  the  late  A.  T. 
Stewart  rather  than  for  its  active  participation  in  politics.  Membership  is 
practically,  though  not  constitutionally,  restricted  to  Democrats,  and  nearly 
all  the  conspicuous  New  Yorkers  of  that  political  faith  are  members.  Or- 
ganized, 1868;  membership,  about  1,900;  house,  No.  1  West  34th  street. 

Reform  Club — This  club  had  its  origin  in  the  tariff-reform  movement, 
and  the  great  majority  of  its  members  are  advocates  of  tariff-reform.  Al- 
though the  club  ranks  as  a  social  organization,  it  has  various  committees 
constantly  at  work  in  the  interest  of  tariff-reform.  Organized,  1888;  mem- 
bership, about  2,300;  house,  corner  Fifth  avenue  and  27th  street. 

Republican  Club — The  junior  Republican  social  club  of  the  city,  so  to 
speak,  its  aims  being  those  of  the  older  and  wealthier  Union  League  Club. 
It  is  essentially  a  social  club  but  actively  participates  in  politics.  Organized, 
1879;  membership,  about  800;  house,  No.  450  Fifth  avenue. 

Union  League  Club — The  wealthiest  and  most  influential  Republican 
social  club  in  the  United  States.  It  was  founded  during  the  Civil  War  for 
the  purpose  of  rendering  moral  support  to  the  government  in  its  prosecu- 
tion of  the  war,  and  crystallized  into  a  social-political  Republican  club.  The 
constitution  provides  that  any  loyal  citizen  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
eligible  to  membership,  but  nine-tenths  of  the  members  are  of  the  Republi- 


CLUBS   AND   SOCIETIES.  97 

can  faith.  During  the  season  art  exhibitions  are  given  monthly  in  the 
club's  handsome  gallery.  These  exhibitions  are  events  of  recognized  im- 
portance in  the  artistic  life  of  the  city.  Organized,  1863;  membership,  about 
1,700;  house,  corner  of  Fifth  avenue  and  39th  street. 

DiniDg-  Clubs. 

Commonwealth  Club — A  dining  organization  rather  than  a  club, 
which  gives  monthly  dinners  and  discusses  political  and  economic  questions 
after  dinner.  Organized,  1886;  membership,  about  400;  secretary's  office, 
No.  15  Wall  street. 

Down  Town  Association — The  oldest  of  the  many  so-called  "  dining  " 
— in  reality,  lunching — clubs  in  the  down-town  business  quarter.  This 
club  and  its  many  counterparts  were  primarily  designed  as  select  luncheon 
places  for  men  engaged  in  business  in  the  vicinity,  but  eventually  developed 
into  clubs.  They  are  most  frequented  at  noon-time  and  are  practically 
deserted  after  business  hours,  though  dinner  parties  are  occasionally  given 
at  them  in  the  evening.  Organized,  i860;  membership,  about  1,100;  house, 
No.  60  Pine  street. 

Fulton  Club — A  luncheon  club  on  the  lines  of  the  Down  Town  Asso- 
ciation. Organized,  1889;  membership,  about  250;  rooms,  Nos.  81-83 
Fulton  street. 

Importers'  and  Traders'  Club — Substantially  a  down-town  luncheon 
club,  though  nominally  designed  to  promote  united  action  on  the  part  of 
business  men  and  merchants  in  matters  of  common  interest.  Organized, 
1891;  membership,  about  200;  house,  No.  13  Cedar  street. 

Insurance  Club — A  luncheon  club  designed  for  men  engaged  in  the  in- 
surance business,  but  not  restricted  to  that  class.  Organized,  1891;  mem- 
bership, about  650;  house,  No.  52  Cedar  street. 

Lawyers'  Club — A  superbly  appointed  luncheon  club  for  lawyers  and 
business  and  professional  men  doing  business  down  town.      Its  rooms  for 
the  use  of  ladies  introduced  by  members  are  the  most  sumptuous  of  their 
kind  in  the  city.      Organized,    1887;    membership,   about   1,200;    rooms 
Equitable  Building,  No.  120  Broadway. 

Merchants'  Central  Club — A  luncheon  club,  principally  supported  by 
merchants  doing  business  in  the  vicinity  of  Grand  street.  Organized,  1888; 
membership,  about  200;  house,  Nos.  68  and  70  Grand  street. 

Quill  Club — The  successor  of  the  now  extinct  Religious  Press  Club. 
Membership  is  practically  restricted  to  workers  on  the  religious  press,  and 
clergymen.  Organized,  1890;  membership,  about  200;  meeting  place,  No. 
22  West  23d  street 

Thirteen  Club — A  dining  organization  formed  for  the  purpose  of  ridi- 
culing and  dissipating  the  time-honored  superstition  that  the  number  thir- 


as  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

teen  is  significant  of  misfortune  and  that  the  presence  of  thirteen  people  at 
table  portends  the  death  of  one  of  them  within  a  year.  It  was  founded  on 
the  13th  of  the  month  and  holds  its  meetings  on  the  13th,  just  13  people  are 
seated  at  each  table  at  its  dinners,  13  courses  are  always  served,  and  in 
various  other  ways  the  number  13  is  constantly  brought  into  play  in  all  the 
club's  transactions.  The  club's  carefully  compiled  statistics  show  that  its 
death  rate  is  below,  rather  than  above,  the  average,  notwithstanding  its 
disregard  of  the  "  thirteen  superstition."  It  was  the  pioneer  organization 
of  the  kind,  but  many  similer  clubs  have  grown  out  of  it.  Organized,  1882; 
membership,  about  1500;  scribe's  office,  No.  128  Broadway. 

Twilight  Club — An  unorganized  dining  coterie  which  holds  bi-weekly 
dinners  during  the  winter  season  and  discusses  civic,  religious,  scientific 
and  miscellaneous  topics.     Founded,  1883;  membership,  about  700. 

Miscellaneous  Clubs. 

American  Jersey  Cattle  Club — This  organization  probably  includes 
among  its  members  more  millionaires  than  any  similar  organization  in  the 
world.  Its  special  aim  is  the  improvement  of  the  breed  of  Jersey  cattle  in 
the  United  States,  and  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  millionaire  "fancy  stock"  breeders 
are  members.     Organized,   1868;  membership,  450;  office,  No.  1  Broadway. 

American  Kennel  Club — Practically  the  central  organization  of  clubs 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  holding  bench  shows  and  field  trials.  The 
objects  of  the  club  are  the  promotion  of  uniformity  in  bench  shows  and  field 
trials,  and  the  publication  of  an  official  stud  book  and  kennel  gazette. 
Organized,  1884;  membership  54  clubs,  about  400  persons;  secretary's  office, 
No.  44  Broadway. 

Building  Trades  Club — Designed  to  promote  social  intercourse  and 
uniformity  of  action  on  business  lines  among  employers  in  the  line  of  erect- 
ing and  furnishing  buildings.  Organized,  1889;  membership,  300;  house,  No. 
117  East  23d  street. 

Central  Turn  Verein — A  German  organization  for  the  promotion  of 
physical  culture.  Organized,  1886;  membership,  1,000;  house,  Nos.  205-217 
East  67th  street. 

Manuscript  Club — An  organization  formed  with  a  view  to  the  advance- 
ment of  musical  composition  and  the  development  of  intelligent  musical 
criticism.     It  is  a  club  in  name  only. 

Mendelssohn  Glee  Club — A  musical  and  social  organization  of  high 
standing.  Its  concerts  are  notable  musical  events.  The  club  will  soon 
move  into  a  superb  building  in  West  40th  street,  near  Broadway,  now  in 
course  of  erection,  and  it  is  likely  that  its  social  side  will  then  be  more  pro- 
nounced than  at  present.  Organized,  1866;  membership,  about  250;  rooms, 
No.  108  West  55th  street. 


CLUBS  AND   SOCIETIES.  99 

Nineteenth  Century  Club — A  coterie  of  essentially  refined  and  in- 
tellectual people,  at  whose  occasional  meetings  addresses  on  serious,  lit- 
erary, social  and  religious  problems  are  delivered  by  authorities  on  the 
subjects  under  discussion. 

Patria  Club — An  organization  of  public-spirited  men  and  women  de- 
signed to  inculcate  patriotism  and  promote  the  discussion  of  questions  re- 
lating to  the  duties  of  citizenship.  Organized,  1891;  membership,  about 
300;  place  of  meeting,  Sherry's,  Fifth  avenue  and  37th  street. 

Sorosis — An  association  of  women  of  literary,  scientific,  and  philosoph- 
ical bent,  which  holds  stated  meetings  at  Delmonico's  with  a  view  to  social 
enjoyment  and  discussion  of  matters  and  questions  relating  to  womankind. 
It  is  probably  the  oldest  and  best  known  women's  club  in  America,  and 
many  similar  clubs  have  been  founded  on  its  lines.  Organized,  1868;  mem- 
bership, about  175;  meeting  place,  No.  212  Fifth  avenue. 

Associations. 

American  Bible  Society. — The  sole  aim  of  this  well-known  organiza- 
tion is  the  circulation  of  the  Bible  without  note  or  comment.  It  has  more 
than  1,000  auxiliary  branches,  and  issued  during  the  year  covered  by  its  re- 
port for  1892  no  less  than  1,298,196  copies  of  the  Bible,  printed  in  various 
languages.  The  society  has  invested  funds  amounting  to  nearly  $400,000 
and  owns  the  building  occupying  the  block  bounded  by  Third  and  Fourth 
avenues,  Astor  Place  and  East  Ninth  street,  known  as  the  Bible  House, 
where  its  headquarters  are.  It  publishes  most  of  the  Bibles  which  it  circu- 
lates and  supplies  them  at  cost  price  to  members  for  distribution.  Organ- 
ized, 1816. 

American  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals. — One 
of  the  four  kindred  organizations  generally  known  as  "the  Humane  Socie- 
ties." It  aims  at  enforcing  the  laws  prohibiting  cruelty  to  animals,  and  its 
agents,  who  are  constantly  on  the  lookout  for  violations  of  these  laws,  have 
legal  power  to  make  arrests  and  can  demand  the  assistance  of  the  police  if 
necessary.  It  has  prosecuted  more  than  15,000  cases  since  its  organization 
in  1866,  and  now  has  branches  all  over  the  American  continent.  Under 
the  presidency  of  the  late  Henry  Bergh,  who  devoted  the  later  years  of  his 
life  to  incessant  work  in  its  behalf,  the  society  attained  wide-spread  fame. 
Office,  Fourth  avenue  and  Twenty-second  street. 

Bar  Association  of  the  City  of  New  York. — An  organization  which, 
so  far  as  the  profession  of  law  is  concerned,  fills  substantially  the  same 
field  as  that  occupied  in  the  medical  world  by  the  County  Medical  Society. 
It  was  founded  to  "maintain  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession  of 
law,  cultivate  social  relations  among  its  members,  and  increase  its  useful- 
ness in  promoting  the  due  administration  of  justice."     The  association  owns 


100  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

and  occupies  a  large  house  at  No.  7  "West  Twenty-ninth  street,  and  has  a 
library  of  about  23,000  law  books,  which  may  be  consulted  by  members  or 
judges  of  the  courts  between  8  A.  M.  and  12  P.  M.  Nearly  all  the  more 
prominent  lawyers  of  New  York  City  are  members.     Organized,  1S70. 

City  Mission  and  Tract  Society. — A  central  religious  organization 
which  has  charge  of  three  English  churches,  two  German  churches,  one 
Italian  church  and  one  Hebrew  congregation,  and  besides,  employs  about 
50  women  who  do  missionary  work  among  the  people  of  their  respective 
districts. 

Gaelic  Society. — An  organization  whose  purposes  are:  "the  study 
and  cultivation  of  the  Irish  language,  music,  literature,  history,  archaeology 
customs  and  folk-lore  of  Ireland  and  the  furtherance  of  the  interests  of  the 
Gael."  The  society  has  several  sections  known  as  the  Language,  Historical, 
Art,  Music  and  Athletic  sections.  The  Athletic  Section  aims  at  keeping 
alive  Celtic  sports  and  games,  and  has  a  club  house  at  Tailtin,  Woodside, 
Long  Island.  Under  the  direction  of  the  Music  Section  a  distinctively  Irish 
musical  festival  known  as  the  "  Feis  Ceoil  Agus  Seanachus  "  is  annually 
given.  The  society  was  organized  in  1878,  has  150  members  and  has 
quarters  at  No.  17  West  28th  street. 

Holland  Society. — A  social  organization  of  those  who  can  trace  their 
genealogy  back  through  the  male  line  to  emigrants  from  Holland  residing 
on  Manhattan  Island  prior  to  1675.  One  of  the  society's  objects  is  the  col- 
lection and  preservation  of  information  regarding  the  early  Dutch  Colonies 
and  colonists,  and  it  has  erected  bronze  tablets  in  various  parts  of  the  city 
in  commemoration  of  historic  events.  Its  sole  other  function  is  the  dis- 
cussion of  a  big  annual  dinner. 

Labor  Organizations. — There  is  an  almost  infinite  variety  of  organiza- 
tions of  workingmen  in  this  city,  but  they  may  all  practically  be  classified 
under  four  heads,  as  follows  :  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  the 
Knights  of  Labor,  the  Central  Labor  Federation,  and  Trades'  Unions. 
The  component  parts  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  are 
known  as  Trades  Unions,  the  workmen  in  any  organized  trade  being  en- 
rolled in  a  single  union,  or  perhaps  in  two  or  three  unions,  if  the  number 
of  workers  is  sufficiently  large.  The  members  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  on 
the  other  hand  are  enrolled  in  local  assemblies.  From  seven  to  fifty  local 
assemblies  are  united  in  a  single  district  assembly  and  the  district  assemblies 
are  in  turn  welded  into  the  national  body  known  as  the  general  assembly. 
There  are  a  few  trades  unions  not  amalgamated  with  either  the  Knights  of 
Labor  or  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  which  are  technically  known 
as  "Open  Trades' Unions."  The  largest  and  most  influential  peculiarly 
local  labor  organization  is  the  Central  Labor  Union,  in  which  delegates 
from  the  Knights  of  Labor,  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  and  some  of 


CLUBS   AND   SOCIETIES.  101 

the  "Open  Trades'  Unions"  meet  on  common  ground.  This  central  organ- 
ization, said  to  represent  50,000  workers,  was  founded  in  1882,  and  suc- 
ceeded the  old  and  impotent  trade  assembly.  It  speedily  became  power- 
ful and  has  practically  directed  the  course  of  labor  agitation  and  organiza- 
tion in  New  York  City  since  its  formation.  Through  its  instrumentality 
bills  modifying  the  Conspiracy  Law  and  the  Contract  Prison  Labor  Law 
were  enacted  by  the  State  Legislature  and  solely  through  its  efforts 
the  first  Monday  in  September,  now  known  as  Labor  Day,  was  made  a 
legal  holiday,  in  18S5.  Since  the  enactment  of  this  law,  the  day 
has  invariably  been  celebrated  by  a  parade  of  organized  workingmen. 
Early  in  its  history  the  Central  Labor  Union  began  to  dabble  in  politics.  It 
unsuccessfully  ran  candidates  for  Congress  and  Assembly  in  con- 
nection with  the  Greenbackers  and  Socialists  in  1882,  to  a  man  supported 
Henry  George  for  Mayor  in  1886,  and  has  since  taken  a  turn  at  politics  when 
opportunity  offered.  In  1889  the  Socialistic  delegates  to  the  Central  Labor 
Union,  for  the  most  part  representing  German  Trades'  Unions,  made  serious 
charges  against  certain  representatives  of  American  unions,  a  row  followed, 
and  the  Socialistic  delegates  withdrew  and  organized  the  Central  Labor 
Federation.  The  new  body  dissolved  a  year  later,  and  its  members  re- 
turned to  the  Central  Labor  Union  only  to  get  into  fresh  trouble.  Once 
more  they  withdrew  and  revived  the  Central  Labor  Federation,  which  still 
exists,  and  is  said  to  represent  more  than  20,000  workingmen. 

The  functions  and  methods  of  both  bodies  are  substantially  alike.  They 
meet  weekly  on  Sunday,  discuss  any  pending  labor  troubles,  adopt  resolutions 
condemning  this  or  recommending  that,  and,  in  rare  cases,  order  boycots. 
The  Central  Labor  Union  meets  in  Clarendon  Hall  in  East  Thirteenth 
street,  near  Fourth  avenue;  the  Central  Labor  Federation  at  No.  385 
Bowery.  Aside  from  these  two  central  bodies  there  is  the  Board  of  Walk- 
ing Delegates  which  consists  of  one  representative  of  each  of  the  Building 
Trades  Unions  which  are  parties  to  the  agreement.  These  "walking 
delegates"  are  paid  salaries  by  their  respective  unions,  and  devote  their  en- 
tire time  to  inspecting  buildings  in  course  of  erection  and  ascertaining 
whether  or  no  any  boycotted  materials  are  employed  or  whether  the  workers 
whom  they  represent  have  any  other  "just"  grievance,  as  they  regard  it. 
Each  delegate  can  "order"  the  members  of  his  union  to  strike  if  he  sees  fit, 
and  if  he  can  persuade  the  delegates  representing  the  other  workmen 
employed  on  the  building  to  co-operate  with  him,  he  can  absolutely  put  a 
stop  to  all  work  on  the  building.  With  the  exception  of  railroad  employes, 
who  are  organized  in  distinct  unions  or  "brotherhoods"  of  their  own,  the 
three  above-named  central  bodies  include  practically  all  the  organized 
workingmen  of  New  York  City.  There  is  of  course  a  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  the  results  which  have  attended  the  organization  of  these  labor  bodies, 


102  THE    SUN'S   GUIDE   TO    NEW   YORK. 

but  no  unprejudiced  observer  can  doubt  that  the  welding  together  of  in- 
dividually powerless  workers  into  compact  and  powerful  organizations,  has 
tended  to  raise  wages  and  better  the  condition  of  the  working  classes. 

New  England  Society. — A  social  organization  of  former  residents  of 
che  New  England  states  and  descendants  of  New  Englanders.  It  dates 
back  to  May  6,  1805,  when  it  was  founded  with  a  view  to  keeping  alive  the 
landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  to  render  assistance  to  members,  when  re- 
quired, and  to  promote  social  intercourse.  Its  sole  function  at  present  is 
the  giving  of  an  elaborate  dinner  annually  on  Pilgrims'  Day  (December  22), 
but  the  erection  of  a  permanent  home  for  the  society  has  long  been  talked 
of,  and  the  project  will  probably  materialize  at  no  distant  day.  It  has  about 
1,300  members. 

New  York  Bible  Society. — An  auxiliary  branch  of  the  American  Bible 
Society,  which  supervises  the  work  of  circulating  the  Bible  in  this  city  and 
manages  the  work  of  raising  funds  in  New  York  for  the  assistance  of  the 
parent  society.     Organized,  1823. 

New  York  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children. — 
Another  of  the  quartet  of  "humane  societies"  and  perhaps  the  most  im- 
portant and  useful  of  the  four.  It  was  the  pioneer  in  its  peculiar  field,  and 
in  its  seventeen  years  of  existence  it  has  done  a  world  of  good.  The  soci- 
ety's agents,  who  are  practically  special  detectives,  make  it  their  business 
to  hunt  out  cases  of  cruelty  to  children  as  well  as  to  investigate  cases  placed 
m  their  hands,  and  have  secured  the  conviction  of  more  than  15,000  offend- 
ers. Not  only  does  the  society  prevent  direct  cruelty  to  children  but  it 
also  steps  into  the  houses  of  the  wretched  and  criminal  classes  when  cir- 
cumstances seem  to  call  for  its  interference,  rescues  the  children,  and  places 
them  in  private  homes  or  in  protecting  asylums.  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  the 
many-times  millionaire,  is  president  of  the  society,  and  in  consequence  of 
his  never-ceasing  activity  in  its  behalf,  it  is  generally  known  locally  as 
"Mr.  Gerry's  Society."     Its  office  is  at  No.  106  East  Twenty-third   street. 

New  York  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice. — This  organization 
aims  at  restricting  and,  as  far  as  possible,  preventing  the  circulation  of  im- 
moral literature,  the  unlawful  use  of  the  mails  for  swindling  purposes,  and 
the  maintenance  of  gambling  houses.  Its  agent,  Anthony  Comstock,  is 
widely  known  through  his  work  on  behalf  of  the  Society.  The  Society's 
office  is  in  the  New  York  Times  Building,  No.  41  Park  Row. 

Oratorio  Society. — This  Society  was  organized  in  1873,  through  the 
instrumentality  of  the  late  Dr.  Damrosch,  the  eminent  conductor,  to  en- 
courage the  cultivation  of  classical  music  by  public  concerts  and  rehearsals 
of  operatic  works.  A  series  of  concerts  is  given  each  year,  famous  vocalists 
and  instrumental  performers  invariably  taking  part.  Walter  Damrosch  is  the 
conductor  of  the  Society  at  present.    Headquarters,  No.  30  East  14th  street. 


CLUBS  AND   SOCIETIES.  103 

Philharmonic  Society. — One  of  the  oldest  and  probably  the  most  im- 
portant musical  organization  in  the  city.  The  object  of  the  Society  is  the 
cultivation  of  instrumental  music,  and  its  ioo  active  members 
are  all  professional  musicians.  The  Society  gives  a  series  of  six 
concerts  on  Saturday  evenings  each  year,  and  a  series  of  six  public 
rehearsals  on  the  preceding  Friday  afternoons.  On  these  occasions  Mr. 
Anton  Seidl  conducts  the  orchestra,  and  the  most  eminent  vocal  and  instru- 
mental artists  participate.  The  concerts  and  rehearsals  are  eminently 
society  events,  and  the  world  of  wealth  and  fashion  is  always  fully  repre- 
sented at  them.     Organized  1842;  headquarters,  No.  923  Park  avenue. 

Secret  and  Benefit  Organizations. — All  the  more  important  national 
secret  societies,  fraternities  and  mutual  benefit  organizations  are  repre- 
sented by  chapters,  lodges  or  councils,  and  most  of  them  have  headquarters 
or  offices  in  this  city.  The  headquarters  of  the  principal  orders  are  given 
below: 

American  Legion  of  Honor,  268  W.  34th  St. 

Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of  Elks,  115  W.  23d  St. 

B'nai  Brith,  908  3d  Ave. 

Court  Lafayette  of  Ancient  Foresters,  193  Bowery. 

Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  Masonic  Temple,  corner  6th  Ave  and  W. 
23d  St. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  City  Hall. 

Good  Templars,  167  Chambers  St. 

Knights  of  Honor,  38  Park  Row. 

Knights  of  Pythias,  254  Broadway. 

Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  214  5th  Ave. 

Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  853  Broadway. 

Sons  of  Liberty,  66  Essex  St. 

Turn  Verein,  66  E.  4th  St. 

United  Americans,  Order  of,  20  2d  Ave. 

Society  of  American  Artists — An  organization  of  artists  founded  in 
1877  by  some  of  the  younger  members  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 
It  gives  an  annual  exhibition  in  the  spring  in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Art 
Galleries. 

Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Crime. — This,  the  fourth  of  the 
"humane  societies,"  is  substantially  like  the  New  York  Society  for  the  Sup- 
pression of  Vice,  in  its  general  scope  and  character.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Charles 
H.  Parkhurstis  its  president,  and  in  that  capacity  he  made  the  investiga- 
tions which  resulted  in  his  famous  denunciation  of  the  city  government  of 
New  York  last  spring.     Office,  No.  913  Broadway. 

Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen. — A  venerable  institution  dating 
back  to  1785.     It  maintains  a  free  circulating  library,  known  as  the  Appren- 


104  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

tices'  Library,  which  is  patronized  by  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  people, 
and  an  evening  school  for  the  instruction  of  young  men  and  women  wishing 
to  learn  typewriting,  stenography,  mechanical  or  free  hand  drawing,  has 
endowed  twelve  scholarships  in  the  New  York  Trade  Schools  and  has  other 
benevolent  and  philanthropic  features.  It  owns  considerable  valuable 
real  estate  in  New  York  City,  including  the  building  at  No.  18  East  16th 
street. 

Symphony  Society. — The  aims  of  this  organization,  widely  known  on 
both  sides  of  the  water,  are  substantially  those  of  the  Oratorio  Society, 
except  that  the  Symphony  Society  makes  a  specialty  of  symphonic  com- 
positions at  its  public  rehearsals  and  concerts.  Like  the  Oratorio  Society, 
its  musical  and  social  standing  is  of  the  best,  and  its  concerts  are  red-letter 
events  in  the  musical  calendar.  Dr.  Damrosch  was  its  conductor  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  and  his  son,  Walter  Damrosch,  has  now  succeeded  him. 
Organized  1878. 

Other  important  musical  organizations  besides  those  above  mentioned 
are  the  Banks  Glee  Club,  the  Beethoven  Maennerchor,  the  Church  Choral 
Society,  the  Musurgia,  the  New  York  Chorus  Society,  the  New  York  Vocal 
Union,  the  Rubenstein  Club  and  the  Wagner  Society. 

Typothet.-e,  The. — An  organization  of  master  printers  who  collectively 
employ  nearly  10,000  men.  Its  objects  are  social  intercourse,  mutual  pro- 
tection and  assistance  and  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  printing 
trade.  The  organization  has  a  valuable  library  of  works  dealing  with  ty- 
pography and  many  portraits  of  American  printers.  Its  annual  banquet  on 
January  17,  on  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  is  one  of 
the  events  of  the  dinner  season.  Organized  1863  and  reorganized  1883; 
rooms,  No.  19  Park  Place. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. — This  most  important  of  all  un- 
denominational religious  organizations  in  New  York  City  has  13  places  of 
resort  for  young  men  in  New  York  City,  and  its  various  branches,  all  told, 
number  8,000  members.  During  the  past  year  the  attendance  at  the  various 
branches  aggregated  about  1,250,000.  Nearly  2,000  young  men  attended 
the  58  classes  in  the  various  evening  schools;  2,808  secured  positions  through 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.'s  employment  bureau,  and  the  organization's  athletic 
grounds,  gymnasia  and  reading  rooms  furnished  healthful  exercise  and 
recreation  to  thousands  of  men  and  boys.  The  religious  features  of  the  or- 
ganization and  its  library  are  described  elsewhere  in  the  chapters  on  Reli- 
gious Organizations  and  Libraries  respectively.     Organized  1852. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association. — Its  aims  and  efforts  are  sub- 
stantially those  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  with  the  modifi- 
cations necessary  to  adapt  them  to  the  needs  of  young  women.  The 
association  particularly  provides  for  young  women   dependent    upon   their 


CLUBS  AND   SOCIETIES.  105 

own  exertions  for  support,  and  offers  them  the  advantages  of  free  instruc- 
tion in  typewriting,  stenography,  book-keeping,  sewing,  music,  drawing, 
photography,  etc. ;  maintains  an  employment  bureau,  and  directs  them  to 
safe  and  economical  boarding  houses.  It  also  maintains  a  free  reading 
room,  has  a  circulating  library  of  about  17,000  volumes,  and  provides  exer- 
cise and  recreation  in  the  way  of  instruction  in  physical  culture  and  read- 
ings, concerts  and  other  entertainments.  Across  the  street  from  the 
association's  house  at  No.  7  East  Fifteenth  street,  is  a  handsome  building 
erected  for  it,  and  donated  to  it  by  Mrs.  Elliott  F.  Shepard,  which  is  known 
as  the  Margaret  Louisa  Home.  Here  young  women  can  obtain  board  and 
lodging  at  low  rates  while  looking  for  permanent  boarding  places.  During 
the  year  2,613  women  were  admitted.     Organized  1870. 

Learned  and  Scientific  Societies, 

American  Geographical  Society. — An  organization  designed  to  pro- 
mote explorations  and  advance  the  knowledge  of  the  world's  topography. 
It  has  1,500  members,  owns  the  building  at  No.  11  West  Twenty-ninth 
street,  which  it  occupies,  and  has  a  library  of  14,000  volumes  and  a  fine 
collection  of  8,000  maps  and  charts.  It  is  known  in  scientific  circles  the 
world  around.     Organized,  1852. 

American  Institute. — A  society  founded  in  1828  for  the  encourage- 
ment and  promotion  of  domestic  industry  in  the  United  States.  There  are 
three  sections,  namely :  the  Farmers'  Club,  the  Polytechnic  Association 
and  the  Photographical  Section,  which  hold  weekly,  or  monthly,  meet- 
ings for  the  discussion  of  topics  relating  to  their  several  spheres  of  work. 
These  meetings  are  public.  The  feature  of  the  Institute  with  which 
the  general  public  is  most  familiar  is  its  annual  fair  held  in  the  Fall 
at  the  Institute  Building  at  Third  avenue  and  Sixty-third  street.  This 
fair,  which  exhibits  an  almost  infinite  variety  of  agricultural  products, 
new  mechanical  devices,  and  the  like,  has  became  a  recognized  fea- 
ture of  the  Fall  season,  and,  continuing  as  it  does  for  several 
weeks,  attracts  great  crowds.  The  prizes  and  medals  awarded  are  highly 
prized.  The  Institute  has  a  fine  special  library  of  about  14,000  volumes  at 
its  headquarters,  No.  115  West 38th  street.  Its  members  number  about  2,000. 

American  Microscopical  Society. — An  organization  founded  in  1865  for 
the  study  and  preservation  of  the  interests  of  microscopy,  histology,  optics, 
etc.     Bi-weekly  meetings  are  held  at  No.  12  East  22d  street. 

Archaeological  Institute, — An  organization  designed  to  promote 
archealogical  investigation  and  research.  It  holds  stated  meetings  at 
Columbia  College,  and  among  its  256  members  numbers  many  distinguished 
scientists. 


106  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Aryan  Theosophical  Society. — Belongs  to  the  American  Section  of 
the  Theosophical  Society  whose  objects  are  stated  in  this  wise: — "to  form  the 
nucleus  of  a  universal  brotherhood  of  humanity  without  distinction  of  sex, 
race,  creed,  caste  or  color;  to  promote  the  study  of  Aryan  and  other  East- 
ern literatures,  sciences  and  religions;  to  investigate  unexplained  laws  of 
Nature  and  the  physical  powers  latent  in  man."  Meetings  are  held  weekly. 
Organized,  1883. 

Homoeopathic  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  New  York. — An 
association  of  homcepathic  physicians  which  meets  at  No.  201  East  Twenty- 
third  street. 

Mathematical  Society. — The  name  of  this  organization  clearly  indi- 
cates its  aims  and  functions.     Its  meetings  are  held  at  Columbia  College. 

Medical  Journal  Association. — Its  function  is  to  collate  and  keep  on 
file  current  medical  publications  and  periodicals  for  the  use  of  its  members. 
It  has  rooms  at  No.  12  West  31st  street. 

Medico-Legal  Society. — Designed  to  promote  the  study  of  medical 
jurisprudence.  Physicians,  lawyers,  chemists,  scientists  and  men  of 
literary  bent  are  eligible.  Meetings  are  held  at  No.  64  Madison  avenue. 
Organized,  1866. 

New  York  Academy  of  Medicine. — The  most  important  and  influen- 
tial of  the  medical  societies  and  organizations  of  New  York  City.  All  its' 
members  are  either  physicians  or  students  of  medicine  of  this  city  or  state, 
and  each  applicant's  character  and  standing  are  carefully  investigated  prior 
to  his  election.  The  objects  of  the  Academy,  briefly  summarized,  are  the 
development  of  the  science  of  medicine,  the  elevation  of  the  standing  of 
the  profession,  the  improvement  of  the  standard  of  medical  education,  and 
the  promotion  of  the  public  health.  There  are  various  sections  for  the 
study  and  discussion  of  the  several  branches  of  the  healing  art.  The  Acad- 
emy occupies  a  fine  new  building  at  No.  17  West  Forty- third  street,  recently 
erected  by  it,  and  has  a  library  of  20,000  volumes,  which  is  open  to  the  pub- 
lic as  well  as  to  physicians.     It  was  organized  in  1847. 

New  York  Academy  of  Science. — Probably  the  best  known  scientific 
society  on  this  side  of  the  water.  At  its  meetings  and  in  its  periodical  pub- 
lications all  branches  of  scientific  study  and  investigation  are  discussed, 
and  many  of  the  most  famous  scientists  and  investigators  in  the  country 
are  included  among  its  members.  Weekly  meetings  are  held  at  Columbia 
College  from  October  1  to  May  1,  and  two  publications,  "The  Annals"  and 
"  The  Transactions,"  are  issued  by  the  Academy.  These  publications  are 
sent  to  all  members,  and  circulated  throughout  the  world  in  scientific 
circles.  The  publications  of  most  of  the  learned  foreign  societies  are 
received  in  exchange,  and  the  club's  library  and  collection  of  papers  and 
treatises  on  scientific  subjects  arc  extraordinarily  valuable.  The  Academy's 


CLUBS   AND   SOCIETIES.  107 

meetings  are  open  to  the  public,  and  cards  of  admission  for  its  courses  of 
popular  lectures  may  be  obtained  from  any  member.  Both  ladies  and 
gentlemen  are  eligible  to  membership.  Aside  from  the  active  members 
there  are  50  distinguished  honorary  members.  In  point  of  age  the  Academy 
is  outranked  by  only  three  scientific  societies  in  America,  dating  back,  as  it 
does,  to  1817. 

New  York  County  Medical  Society. — An  organization  whose  aims 
are  substantially  those  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine.  The  Governor  of 
New  York  State  and  the  Mayor  of  New  York  City  are  honorary  members 
ex-officio,  and  the  society  has  power  to  grant  licenses  to  such  applicants  as 
give  evidence  of  having  "  studied  physic  and  surgery  for  the  time  and  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by  the  laws  of  the  state."  The  society  was  organ- 
ized in  i860.  It  holds  its  meetings  in  the  Academy  of  Medicine  building, 
No.  17  West  Forty-third  street. 

New  York  Derm ato logical  Society. — An  association  of  physicians 
designed  to  further  investigation  of  diseases  of  the  skin.  It  was  organized 
in  1869. 

New  York  Historical  Society. — Probably  the  oldest  organization  k 
America  designed  to  collect  and  preserve  records  and  data  relative  to  the 
early  history  of  America.  It  was  founded  in  1804  and  has  gradually  devel- 
oped into  the  most  important  organization  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 
The  society  has  always  paid  particular  attention  to  the  accumulation  of  data 
regarding  the  history  of  New  York  State  but  has  by  no  means  confined  its 
investigations  to  that  field.  Its  library  of  nearly  75,000  volumes  dealing 
with  American  history,  its  hundreds  of  rare  pamphlets  and  its  old  news- 
paper files  dating  back  to  1804  are  well-nigh  invaluable.  Besides  these  pos- 
sessions the  society  has  a  valuable  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities,  and 
an  even  more  valuable  collection  of  manuscripts  on  America.  At  its  month- 
ly meetings  papers  on  historical  topics  are  read  and  discussions  are  held. 
The  society  now  owns  and  occupies  a  large  fire-proof  structure  at  No.  170 
Second  avenue  but  has  recently  purchased  a  site  for  a  new  building  at  Eighth 
avenue  and  76th  street,  and  proposes  there  to  erect  a  million-dollar  structure. 

New  York  Laryngological  Society.— A  similar  association  for  the  study 
of  affections  of  the  larynx  and  adjacent  organs.  It  was  organized  in  1873, 
and  meets  in  the  Academy  of  Medicine  building. 

New  York  Medical  and  Surgical  Society. — An  organization  of  phy- 
sicians and  surgeons  whose  objects  are  social  intercourse  and  the  discus- 
sion of  professional  questions.  Meetings  are  held  at  members'  houses. 
The  society  was  organized  in  1834. 

New  York  Medico-Historical  Society. — Its  aims  are  the  discovery 
and  preservation  of  data  relative  to  the  medical  history  of  New  York  and 
vicinity.     Organized,  1864. 


108  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO  NEW  YORK. 

New  York  Neurological  Society. — Designed  to  further  the  study  of 
nervous  diseases.  It  holds  its  meetings  in  the  Academy  of  Medicine  build- 
ing.    Organized,  1872. 

New  York  Obstetrical  Society. — Designed  to  promote  the  develop- 
ment of  the  obstetrical  branch  of  medical  work.  Meetings  are  held  at 
members'  houses.     Organized,  1863. 

New  York  Ophthalmological  Society. — Designed  to  promote  the 
study  of  treatment  for  the  eye  and  ear.  Meetings  are  held  at  members' 
houses.     Organized,  1864. 

New  York  Pathological  Society. — Designed  to  promote  the  study 
of  pathology.     Meetings  are  held  at  members'  houses.     Organized,  1844. 

New  York  Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Association. — Its  name  clearly 
summarizes  its  objects.  Any  practicing  physician  of  New  York,  Kings, 
Queens,  Richmond  or  "Westchester  Counties,  in  good  health  and  under 
thirty  years  of  age  is  eligible.  In  case  of  a  member's  death,  a  certain  sum 
is  paid  to  his  widow,  children  or  other  relatives.     Organized,  1868. 

Scientific  Meeting  of  German  Physicians. — Its  objects  are  the  demon- 
stration of  pathological  specimens  and  pathological  discussion.  Meetings 
are  held  at  No.  no  West  34th  street.     Organized,  1857. 

Society  of  Psychical  Research. — An  organization  which  aims  at  care- 
ful and  thorough  investigation  of  hypnotism,  mesmerism  and  other  psychic 
phenomena.  Its  meetings  are  held  in  the  Columbia  Law  School  Building. 
Organized,  1882. 


Tj-IE  fINE/tRTS. 


New  York's  Wealth  of  Paintings  and  Statues — The  Art  Centre  of  the 
Country  —  Applied  Arts. 


In  the  Fine  Arts  this  city  has  led  the  colonies  of  North  America  and 
the  United  States  since  the  land  was  settled,  save  for  the  period  during  and 
after  the  Revolution  when  Philadelphia  disputed  with  her  the  palm.  New 
York  has  always  been  too  mixed  in  population  and  too  large  to  permit 
religious  zealots  to  interfere  with  the  practice  of  the  arts  and  frown  down 
their  employment  in  public  and  private;  the  city  has  also  been,  save  in  the 
Revolution,  a  mart  where  fortunes  were  made;  here  wealth  has  existed  in 
measure  greater  than  elsewhere.  This  combination  of  circumstances  has 
always  favored  the  arts. 

The  record  of  New  York's  past  in  art  is  meagre;  some  fragments  may 
be  gathered  in  the  collections  of  the  Historical  Society,  Lenox  Library 
and  Metropolitan  Museum  where  one  comes  upon  paintings  by  Copley,  Col. 
John  Trumbull,  Charles  Wilson  and  James  Peale,  Benjamin  West,  Gilbert 
Stuart,  Washington  Allston,  John  Vanderlyn,  Thomas  Cole,  Sully,  Henry 
Inman,  A.  B.  Durand,  Mount,  John  Wesley  Jarves  and  others  belonging  to 
the  end  of  the  last  and  beginning  of  the  present  century.  But  until  the 
middle  of  this  century  little  was  done  in  sculpture,  while  other  branches  of 
the  arts  had  to  depend  upon  Europe,  with  the  exception  of  wrought-iron 
work,  which  had  various  obscure  but  efficient  practitioners.  It  is,  however, 
only  in  the  last  quarter  of  the  century  that  the  fine  arts  have  flourished 
greatly  in  New  York; 

Art  Organizations  That  Exhibit. — The  city  has  become  next  to 
Paris  and  Munich  a  centre  for  artists,  architects  and  students  of  art.  The 
Academy  of  Design  instituted  in  1828  in  the  place  of  an  earlier  establish- 
ment that  encouraged  art  but  was  not  distinctly  confined  to  fine  art  alone, 
ranks  second  in  age  in  the  long  list  of  art  institutions  now  to  be  found  in 
the  Union,  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts  at  Philadelphia  being 
somewhat  older.  It  was  unique  in  being  the  creation  of  the  artists,  not 
established  by  a  national  or  municipal  government  or  by  a  syndicate  of  art 
patrons.     It  forms  in  fact  an  art  club  which   owns   its  Venetian  palace   at 


110  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Fourth  avenue  and  23d  street,  manages  its  own  exhibitions,  elects  its  own 
officers  and  determines  the  number  and  kind  of  its  members.  It  holds  two 
exhibitions  yearly,  one  in  spring  which  is  "the"  Academy  exhibition  of  the 
year,  when  the  older  men  are  expected  to  show  work  in  painting  or  sculp- 
ture, and  another  in  autumn  where  beginners  are  more  numerous.  Ex- 
hibitions generally  consist  of  work  in  the  rate  of  one-third  from  members, 
two-thirds  from  outsiders.  There  are  two  ranks  in  the  Academy,  that  of 
Academician  and  that  of  Associate.  Academicians  number  100  or  there- 
abouts ;  the  Associates  are  about  50  in  number  and  form  the  probationary 
class  whence  Academicians  are  chosen.  For  1892  the  chief  officers  are: 
President,  Thomas  W.  Wood.  Vice  President,  Frank  D.  Millett,  Secretary, 
J.  Addison  Richards.  The  Academy  has  had  for  many  years  a  school  for 
students  in  oils,  water-colors  and  sculpture  which  although  unfortunately 
placed  owing  to  the  lack  of  the  most  suitable  accommodations  has  of  late 
increased  greatly  in  efficiency  and  can  boast  of  many  famous  graduates. 
Students  wishing  to  enter  the  classes  should  apply  for  circulars  to  the  Sec- 
retary or  to  W.  Farrington  the  superintendent  of  the  Academy.  Yearly 
prizes  in  money,  and  medals,  silver  and  bronze,  are  decreed  to  pupils.  The 
Spring  Exhibition  offers  five  prizes  for  pictures  painted  by  Americans,  the 
Thomas  B.  Clarke  prize  of  $300,  for  figure  work,  the  Julius  Hallgarten  of 
$300,  $200  and  $100,  for  pictures  in  oil-colors,  kind  not  specified,  and  the 
Norman  W.  Dodge  prize  of  $300,  for  a  picture,  kind  not  specified,  reserved 
to  women. 

The  Society  of  American  Artists,  founded  in  1871  by  a  younger  gener- 
ation than  the  majority  which  ruled  the  Academy  of  Design,  has  a  pretty 
little  home  in  West  Fifty-seventh  street.  For  ten  or  twelve  years  it  strug- 
gled with  adverse  fortune,  steadily  representing  ideals  in  art  to  which  the 
general  run  of  art  patrons  were  not  educated;  but  now  it  is  an  equal  of  the 
Academy  in  all  respects.  Its  annual  exhibition  in  May  is  the  occasion  of 
more  excitement  among  connoisseurs  of  painting  than  any  other  show 
during  the  year.  Broadly  speaking,  the  Society  represents  ideals  proper  to 
France,  whilst  the  Academy  retains  traditions  of  British  art.  The  latter 
is  in  some  respects  modeled  on  the  Royal  Academy  of  London,  whilst  the 
Society  has  some  characteristics  of  the  Salon.  But  the  closest  connection 
exists  between  the  Society  and  the  New  Salon  of  Paris,  a  recent  creation, 
and  it  may  be  fairly  the  boast  of  the  New  York  organization  that  it  showed 
the  New  Salon  of  Paris  the  way  of  detaching  itself  from  the  Old.  The  So- 
ciety does  not  limit  itself  to  a  hundred  members  and  has  no  Associates.  It 
has  a  very  large  committee  to  select  exhibits.  For  1S92  the  President  is 
Wm.  M.  Chase;  Vice-President,  II.  Bolton  Jones,  and  Secretary,  Wm.  A 
Coffin.  It  offers  one  prize,  an  annual  $300  from  Dr.  W.  Seward  Webb  foi 
the  best  landscape  by   an   American   under  40,    and    has   an  arrangemer 


THE   FINE  ARTS.  Ill 

with  Samuel  T.  Shaw  to  purchase  each  year  for  $1,000  a  figure  painting  in 
oils  from  the  exhibition,  said  painting  to  be  the  property  of  Mr.  Shaw. 
This  gentleman  thus  obtains  expert  opinion  for  his  annual  purchase  and 
sets  a  good  fashion  to  other  collectors  of  native  work. 

Neither  Academy  nor  Society  gives  special  attention  to  sculpture,  be- 
cause their  halls  of  exhibit  are  not  well  fitted  for  large  and  weighty 
objects.  Sculpture  is,  however,  by  no  means  absent;  each  organ- 
ization has  a  minority  of  sculptor  members.  The  popular  sculptor  J.  Q.  A. 
Ward  is  prominent  and  active  in  the  Academy;  the  sculptor  J.  T.  Hartley, 
scarcely  less  so.  In  the  Society  the  sculptor  Augustus  Saint  Gaudens  takes 
an  active  part  with  Olin  L.  Warner;  but  this  does  not  prevent  him,  nor  the 
President  of  the  Society,  nor  other  members  of  the  younger  organization, 
from  being  Academicians.  A  certain  proportion  belong  to  both  artistic 
camps  in  token  of  the  fact  that  while  there  is  rivalry  there  is  no  ill-will. 

The  Architectural  League  gives  an  annual  show  in  December,  which 
is  very  popular,  embracing  as  it  does  many  objects  of  art  not  strictly  oil  or 
water-color  painting  or  sculpture.  The  League  was  organized  in  1881  and 
has  a  large  membership.  Its  home  is  the  Fine  Arts  Building  in  West  Fifty- 
seventh  street,  where  the  Society  of  American  Artists  holds  forth.  For 
1891-1892  the  President  is  Russell  Sturgis,  the  lecturer  on  architecture; 
Vice-President,  W.  A.  Coffin,  and  Secretary,  Edward  T.  Hapgood.  For 
further  items  concerning  the  architects  of  New  York  reference  should  be 
made  to  the  chapter  on  Architecture. 

The  American  Water  Color  Society  vies  with  the  Academy  and 
Society  of  American  Artists  for  popular  favor,  and  often  seems  to  make  the 
leading  exhibition  of  the  year.  That  exhibition  comes  in  February,  and  hither- 
to it  has  been  given  in  the  Academy  of  Design  in  East  Twenty-third  street. 
Founded  in  1867,  the  Water  Color  Society  has  enjoyed  an  almost  uninter- 
rupted quarter-century  of  success.  It  is  administered  by  a  Board  of  Con- 
trol, the  President  of  which  for  1892  is  J.  G.  Brown,  the  popular  painter  of 
genre  pictures,  bootblacks,  old  wrinkled  women  and  the  like;  the  Sec- 
retary being  C.  Harry  Eaton.  The  Society  has  76  resident  and  38  non- 
resident members.  Much  taste  is  shown  in  decorating  the  galleries  of  the 
Academy  and  the  catalogues  of  the  exhibition;  this,  together  with  the 
bright  colors  and  joyous  subjects  commonly  found  in  aquarelles,  accounts 
in  part  for  the  favor  the  public  always  bestows  on  the  Society.  The  gal- 
leries are  thronged,  and  the  pictures  sell  rapidly.  In  truth  the  skill  of  the 
water  colorists  in  New  York  is  remarkable.  They  outstrip  those  of  London, 
except  in  quantity  of  work,  and  vie  with  the  Parisian  artists  in  quality. 

Along  with  the  February  water  colors  appear  the  etchings  shown  by 
the  New  York  Etching  Club,  a  compact  little  organization  of  30  resident 
and  half  that  number  of  non-resident  artists.     Although  etching  as  a  com- 


112  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

mercial  art  staple,  if  that  term  will  pass,  has  received  a  rude  shock  from 
the  photo-engraving  process  for  the  making  of  prints,  there  are  enough  art- 
ists to  keep  the  club  together  who  love  the  delicate  processes  of  acid  and 
dry  point  for  the  freedom  and  picturesque  results  they  afford  the  etcher. 
Etchings  that  express  directly  the  impression  the  etcher  gets  from  a  land- 
scape, a  figure,  or  a  bit  of  "still-life"  preponderate  in  the  gallery  set 
apart  for  the  club;  copies  of  paintings  in  black  and  white  are  in  a  min- 
ority. This  art  is  of  great  use  to  painters  in  oils  and  water  colors  by  giving 
them  another  aspect  of  their  own  picture;  especially  are  the  water-colorists 
fond  of  etching  a  companion  plate  to  their  aquarelles. 

Like  the  Etching  Club  in  its  small  size  and  precarious  existence  is  the 
Society  of  Painters  in  Pastel,  which  manages  in  most  years  to  hold  an 
exhibition  in  the  gallery  belonging  to  some  dealer  in  art  works.  W.  M. 
Chase  is  one  of  the  leaders  in  this  charming  band,  together  with  Carroll 
Beckwith,  Robert  Blum  and  Childe  Hassam. 

Similar  in  its  struggling  state  is  the  New  York  Water  Color  Club, 
an  organization  which  held  its  first  exhibition  in  1890,  with  Childe  Hassam 
as  President,  Rhoda  Holmes  Nicholls,  Vice  President,  and  Henry  B.  Snell, 
Secretary. 

#  For  the  Sale  of  Women's  Work. 

The  Society  of  Decorative  Art,  at  No.  28  East  21st  street,  is  less 
an  exhibiting  organization  than  one  to  fit  young  women  for  their  life  work 
in  some  branch  of  art.  The  studios  are  at  Nos.  37  and  39  West  22d  street. 
It  was  founded  in  1877  by  a  number  of  public-spirited  ladies,  who  appoint 
officers  and  engage  saleswomen  to  conduct  the  studios  and  sell  their  pro- 
ceeds to  the  best  advantage.  The  Society  of  Decorative  Art  has  a  list  of 
4,000  contributors,  and  exacts  ten  per  centum  on  sales.  The  President  is 
Mrs.  Catharine  C.  Hunt  and  Secretary,  Miss  C.  A.  Stevenson. 

The  Exchange  for  Woman's  Work  is  another  successful  organization 
at  329  Fifth  avenue,  near  34th  street.  Ten  per  centum  is  exacted  on  sales. 
It  has  done  good  work  in  affording  gentlewomen  of  reduced  means  a 
chance  to  sell  articles  of  an  artistic  sort,  useful  or  ornamental.  The  Harlem 
Exchange  for  Women's  Work  is  at  No.  40  West  125th  street.  Many  young 
women  enter  the  ranks  of  art,  and  some  possess  far  more  than  ordinary 
talents;  their  work  may  be  seen  at  all  current  exhibitions.  Women  are  also 
eligible  but  rarely  elected  to  the  Academy  and  Society;  they  have  started 
two  special  organizations  for  themselves,  which  so  far  have  not  been  able 
to  fix  themselves  solidly,  but  exhibit  from  time  to  time  in   different  places. 

Effect  of  Clubs  on  Art. 

The  clubs  of  New  York  have  exercised  no  little  power  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  an  intelligent  consideration  of  paintings.    Especially  has  the  Union 


AS  THIS  IN  ITSELF  GUARANTEES  THE  QUALITY. 

BE  SURE  THE  PREFIX  134-7  IS  STAMPED  ON  EVERY  ARTICLE. 

THESE    GOODS    HAVE   STOOD    THE    TEST    FOR    NEARLY 

•HHLF  -PL  CENTURY* 

MANUFACTURED    ONLY    BY   THE 

Meriden  Britannia  Co. 


Gold  and  Silver  Plate. 


TRADE   MARK. 

New  York, 

46  E.   14TH   ST.,   UNION   SQ 

Hamilton, 

ONTARIO. 


MERIDEN, 

Chicago, 


Conn, 


14.7  STATE  STREET. 

San  Francisco, 

134  SUTTER  STREET. 


Tea,  Coffee  and  Water  Sets,  Toilet  Articles,  Mirrors, 

Fruit  and  Bonbon  Dishes,  Brushes,  Combs, 

Epergnes,  Candelabra,  Trinket  Trays, 

Cake  Baskets,  Baking  Dishes.  Manicure  Sets,  Etc 


TRAYERS  BROTHERS  CO. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Pure    Manilla,   Sisal    and    Jute    Rope 
Clothes  Lines. 

STEAM  PACKING  AND    BINDER   TWINE. 


mm 
biiiibimI 


TRAVERS  BROS.  CO/S  FACTORIES, 

526,523,  530,  532,  534,  536,  556  &  558  W.  52nd  St.  &  531  W.  51st  Street, 

MEXICAN  HAMMOCKS,  SASH  CORDS,  SEINE  AND  ALL  OTHER  TWINES. 

Peerless,    Liberty,    Empire,    Oriental   Colored 
Sea    Island    Twines. 

JUTE,  FLAX  AND  HEMP  YARNS. 


Office,  107  Duane  and    16  Thomas  St. 

THE  LARGEST  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE  KIND  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


THE   FINE   ARTS.  U3 

League  Club  done  much  by  loan  exhibitions  to  call  the  attention  of  business 
men  to  the  merits  of  American  painting,  and  the  New  York  Athletic  Club  has 
followed  suit,  practically  confining  its  exhibits  to  work  by  Americans.  The 
Century  Club,  the  Players,  Aldine  and  Grolier  Clubs  have  from  their  start- 
ing point  done  much  in  this  direction;  but  this  phenomenon  is  more 
noteworthy  in  clubs  frequented  by  business  men  and  the  younger  sets 
devoted  to  athletics.  The  Manhattan  Athletic,  Fencers  and  Authors  Clubs 
have  also  begun  to  devote  some  attention  to  the  fine  arts.  The  only 
club  equipped  exclusively  by  artists  is  the  Salmagundi  in  West  226.  street, 
which  holds  a  number  of  small  exhibitions  during  the  year,  unless  the  Kit 
Kat,  a  sketch  club  with  rooms  at  No.  23  East  14th  street,  be  reckoned  as  a 
second.  The  magazines  have  also  done  much  for  art  in  black  and  white, 
especially  those  managed  by  Harpers  &  Brothers,  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  and 
the  Century  Company.  The  last  led  the  way  for  a  revival  of  engraving  on 
wood,  and  was  supported  valiantly  by  the  Harpers  and  at  a  later  date  by  the 
Scribners.  Engraving  on  wood,  with  headquarters  in  New  York,  is  one  of 
the  chief  glories  of  America  in  the  arts.  The  engravers  have  an  organization 
and  their  exhibits  in  European  capitals  have  earned  medals  and  much  praise. 
Elbridge  Kingsley  engraves  on  the  wood  block  directly  from  nature; 
Timothy  Cole,  Slosson,  F.  French,  Kruell  and  others  are  artists  in  trans- 
lating oils  and  water  colors  into  print.  Artistic  printing  is  a  specialty  with 
the  De  Vinne  Press  on  Lafayette  Place;  excellent  work  being  also  turned 
out  by  Gilliss  Brothers  and  other  high  art  printers.  An  organization  neces- 
sarily of  a  guild  kind  and  without  exhibits  is  the  newly  formed  Society  of 
Scenic  Painters.  The  Art  Guild,  a  combination  of  artists  to  protect  their 
interests  when  pictures  are  lent  to  distant  cities,  has  failed  to  succeed  and 
is  now  merely  kept  alive. 

Public  Paintings. 

New  York  has  a  wealth  of  public  paintings  unsuspected  by  the  average 
citizen,  but  welcome  to  the  art-loving  visitor.  The  City  Hall  contains  a 
number  of  fine  old  portraits  of  mayors  and  public  men  and  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  in  the  Produce  Exchange,  on  Bowling  Green  has  a  series  of 
likenesses  of  merchants  a  little  more  modern.  The  Bible  House  on  Fourth 
avenue  at  Clinton  Place  has  several  curious  and  interesting  sets  of  portraits, 
and  the  Astor  Library  has  busts,  portraits  and  a  number  of  French  paintings. 
But  it  is  not  till  one  reaches  Eleventh  street  and  Second  avenue  that  a  very 
notable  and  varied  collection  is  found.  This  is  in  the  New  York  Historical; 
it  can  be  seen  from  10  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M.  on  week  days  by  card  of  the  Sec- 
retary or  a  member.  The  Society  has  life  members  who  have  paid  $100 
and  annual  members  who  pay  $10  yearly.  The  President  is  John  A. 
King  and  Secretary,  Andrew  Warner.      The  collection  of  old  masters  of 


114  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Italy,  the  Netherlands,  Spain  and  France,  is  small  but  contains  not  a 
few  pieces  of  the  best  sort,  together  with  many  curious  panels  and 
canvases.  The  nucleus  comes  from  the  private  collection  of  the  late 
Thomas  J.  Bryan,  augmented  by  smaller  gifts  from  members  and  a  selec- 
tion from  the  old  pictures  left  by  the  late  Mr.  Durr  of  New  York.  Rubens, 
Rembrandt,  Fyt,  F.  Bol,  Velasquez,  Uccello,  Botticelli,  Mantegna,  Poussin, 
Chardin,  Watteau  and  Greuze  are  represented  by  small  works,  some  of 
which  are  of  great  beauty  and  value.  Sculpture  is  not  unknown  to  the 
Historical.  There  are  idols  in  stone  from  Central  America  and  several  ideal 
figures  by  Americans  of  the  last  generation,  such  as  Henry  K.  Brown — 
"Ruth"  and  "Boy  and  Dog,"  and  Thomas  Crawford — "The  Indian,"  etc. 
Here  is  the  statue  of  William  Pitt  by  Joseph  Wilton,  erected  in  1770  at 
the  intersection  of  William  and  Wall  streets,  but  mutilated  during  the  Rev- 
olution, together  with  many  busts  of  distinguished  New  York  men.  An- 
tique sculpture  is  further  represented  by  a  very  valuable  series  of  ten  slabs 
from  Nineveh  carved  in  low  relief,  the  gift  of  James  Lenox,  and  by  pieces 
in  the  Abbott  collection  of  Egyptian  antiquities,  a  small  but  exceedingly 
choice  gathering  made  in  the  early  part  of  the  century  by  Dr.  Abbott  of 
Cairo  and  bought  for  the  society  in  i860  by  citizens.  The  New  York  His- 
torical Society  has  a  fine  site  for  a  new  building  worthy  of  its  collections  of 
books,  antiques  and  old  and  modern  pictures,  in  Central  Park  avenue.  Should 
public-spirited  citizens  see  to  the  completion  of  its  building  fund,  it  will 
take  a  useful  position  in  the  zone  of  Central  Park  along  with  the  Lenox 
Library  and  the  museums  of  Fine  Arts  and  Natural  History. 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  the  Fine  Arts  is  naturally  the  place  an 
art-loving  visitor  of  New  York  would  be  sure  to  seek.  Founded  in  1869, 
the  long,  low  facade  of  its  present  abode,  inaugurated  in  1S80,  rises  above 
the  trees  near  Fifth  avenue  and  Eighty-first  street,  and  can  be  reached  by 
the  east  side  elevated  trains,  by  the  Madison  avenue  surface  cars  or  by 
vehicles  hired  at  the  southern  gates  of  Central  Park.  Mention  has  been 
made  of  the  Catherine  L.  Wolfe  bequest  of  modern  paintings,  chiefly 
French,  of  the  very  remarkable  Willard  collection  of  architectural  casts  and 
the  small  but  superb  room  of  paintings  by  old  Netherlandish  and  British 
masters  given  by  Henry  G.  Marquand.  Add  to  these  the  casts  of  ancient 
sculptures;  the  modern  and  ancient  sculptures;  the  Cypriote  relics  bought 
of  Colonel  L.  P.  di  Cesnola;  the  loan  collection  of  American  antiquities, 
from  the  rudest  stone  with  eyes  inserted  to  represent  a  spirit,  to  elaborate 
but  grotesque  works  in  pottery  to  stand  for  a  local  god;  the  superb  collection 
of  Geo.  L.  Baker  consisting  of  mummies,  mummy-cases,  scarabs  and  other 
Egyptian  trophies  of  the  tomb;  the  small  alcove  of  old  wrought-iron  work 
from  Europe;  the  Blodgett  collection  of  old  French,  Flemish  and  Dutch 
masters;  the  collections  of  musical  instruments  made  by  J.    W.    Drexcl  and 


THE   FINE  ARTS.  115 

Mrs.  J.  Crosby  Brown;  the  Avery  collection  of  Oriental  ceramics;  the  Ward 
collection  of  Assyrian  and  Babylonian  antiquities  on  loan;  the  beautiful 
series  of  cameos  and  rings  wrought  in  intaglio  ;  the  gold  ornaments;  the 
Lazarus  collection  of  miniatures;  the  Somerville  collection  of  engraved  gems 
on  loan,  and  some  idea  may  be  had  of  the  variety  of  exhibits  permanent  to 
the  museum.  Majolica  of  modern  times  and  vases  and  terra  cottas  of  re- 
mote epochs  from  Italy;  glass  from  Venice  and  Bohemia;  drawings,  etch- 
ings and  photographs  by  and  after  old  masters;  the  Jarvis  and  Marquand 
collection  of  antique  glass  from  Cyprus;  water-colors  and  modern  oils  by 
German,  French,  Italian,  Dutch,  Spanish  and  American  painters  of  note 
should  be  added  to  make  the  list  at  all  complete.  It  may  be  said  that  sev- 
eral visits  must  be  made  if  the  visitor  hopes  to  profit  by  the  Museum.  On 
Sundays  from  i  to  5  P.  M.  and  on  Wednesdays,  Thursdays  and  Fridays 
from  10  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.,  the  public  is  admitted  free  as  well  as  from  8  to  10 
P.  M.  on  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays;  on  Mondays  and  Tuesdays,  the  admis- 
sion fee  is  twenty-five  cents.  Some  of  the  collections  have  catalogues; 
others  being  in  process  of  enlargement  have  none.  The  new  wing  to  the 
north  now  being  completed  will  at  once  be  occupied  by  objects  for  which 
the  older  part  of  the  edifice  can  find  no  room.  The  President  is  Henry  G. 
Marquand  and  the  Director,  Louis  P.  di  Cesnola. 

The  Lenox  Library  at  Fifth  avenue  and  70th  and  71st  streets,  founded 
m  1870  by  James  Lenox,  and  opened  in  1877,  after  designs  by  Richard  M. 
Hunt,  is  on  a  generous  scale,  with  plenty  of  room  about  it  for  extensions. 
It  is  like  the  New  York  Historical  in  offering  paintings  and  sculptures  to 
the  public,  besides  its  office  as  a  consulting  library  for  scholars.  These 
works  of  art  are  free  to  the  public  on  each  week  day  [except  Monday]  from 
11  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M.;  they  include  not  a  few  old  British  masters  in  paint, 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Constable,  Turner,  Gainsborough,  Sir  David 
Wilkie,  Raeburn  and  Morland,  together  with  works  by  Americans  of  the 
colonial  epoch,  such  as  Copley,  Gilbert  Stuart,  John  Trumbull,  James 
Peale,  and  their  immediate  successors  Gilbert  Stuart  Newton,  Rembrandt 
Peale,  Henry  Inman,  Thomas  Cole,  A.  B.  Durand,  John  Wesley  Jarvis, 
John  Vanderlyn,  and  W.  S.  Mount.  American  sculptors  of  the  past  are  re- 
presented by  Crawford.  Later  British  painters  like  Sir  Edwin  Landseer, 
C.  R.  Leslie',  Sir  A.  W.  Calcott,  Thomas  Webster,  David  Roberts,  and 
sculptors  like  John  Gibson  and  Sir  John  Steell  make  the  Lenox  Library- 
one  of  the  few  places  in  the  Union  where  the  fine  arts  of  Great  Britain  can 
be  seen.  The  collection  numbers  barely  200  pieces,  and  includes  work  by 
Munkacsy  of  Hungary,  and  a  few  Belgian  painters,  together  with  a  bust  by 
the  modern  French  sculptor  Barrias.  Among  the  rare  books  which  are  a 
specialty  of  this  library  is  a  work  of  art  in  mediaeval  miniature,  a  manu- 
script decorated  with   six  paintings   in  water  colors  by  Ju«iio  Clovio.     The 


116  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Lenox  has  five  portraits  of  Washington,  one  painted  by  James  Peale,  three 
by  Rembrandt  Peale  and  one  by  Gilbert  Stuart. 

Private  Collections  of  Paintings. 

The  private  collections  of  paintings  in  New  York  are  numerous,  and  as 
a  rule  their  owners  are  hospitable  to  those  who  are  earnestly  interested  in 
the  fine  arts.  The  collections  of  Edward  D.  Adams,  H.  O.  Havemeyer, 
Wm.  Rockefeller,  the  late  Wm.  H.  Vanderbilt,  Mrs.  Wm.  Astor,  Cyrus  J. 
Lawrence,  the  late  M.  O.  Roberts  and  the  late  August  Belmont  are  noted, 
but  many  exist  which  are  rarely,  if  ever  drawn  upon  by  loan  exhibitions. 
One  of  the  most  interesting  is  the  private  collection  of  Thomas  B.  Clarke 
made  up  exclusively  of  works  by  modern  and  for  the  most  part  young 
painters  of  New  York.  Mr.  Clarke,  in  partnership  with  M.  de  Morgan,  is  a 
dealer  in  Oriental  porcelains,  Greek  antique  terra  cottas  and  vases  and  the 
landscapes  of  George  Inness  at  his  Art  House,  No.  4  East  34th  street.  His 
American  pictures  are  often  seen  at  the  loan  exhibition  of  the  Union 
League  and  New  York  Athletic  clubs.  His  example  in  buying  native  work 
has  been  followed  by  half  a  dozen  well-to-do  people  in  New  York,  Brooklyn 
and  Chicago.  Other  collectors  tend  chiefly  to  modern  and  ancient  paintings 
by  Europeans,  and  so  active  have  some  become  in  the  passion  for  collecting 
old  masters  that  the  prices  of  really  good  examples  have  gone  up  in  Europe 
to  unheard  of  figures. 

The  Dealers  in  Fine  Arts. 

Another  active  promoter  of  American  work  is  the  American  Art  Asso- 
ciation, a  firm  of  dealers  and  auctioneers  of  objects  of  fine  art  at  No.  6  East 
23rd  street,  famous  as  the  importers  of  "The  Angelus"  by  J.  F.  Millet  and 
the  sellers  of  the  peachblow  vase.  Exhibitions  of  native  paintings  with 
round  prizes,  special  exhibits  of  the  works  of  one  or  several  artists,  and  im- 
portations of  famous  collections  and  still  more  celebrated  single  pictures 
have  made  this  firm  the  liveliest  single  mover  of  the  sometimes  stagnant 
waters  of  New  York.  Of  late  years  the  firm  has  become  in  some  respects 
rivals  in  business  with  old  established  firms  of  art-dealers,  to  whom  also 
much  credit  is  due  for  constant  quiet  agitation  of  new  names  and  new 
styles  of  work.  Such  is  the  firm  of  William  Schaus  on  Fifth  Avenue  at 
Madison  Square  from  which  Mr.  W.  Schaus  has  retired,  although  not  with- 
out retaining  certain  old  masters  of  great  beauty;  Knoedler  &  Company  at 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-second  Street;  Boussod  Valadon  and  Company; 
Blakeslee  &  Company;  S.  P.  Avery,  Jr. ;  L.  Crist  Delmonico;  Reichard  &  Com- 
pany; Montross;  and  last  but  not  least  Durand  Ruel,  represented  by  the 
sons  of  that  expert  from  Paris.  Special  interest  attaches  to  Cottier  &  Co. , 
144  Fifth  avenue,  who  under  the  taste,  judgment  and  boldness  of  the  late 
Daniel  Cottier  and  of  James  A.  Inglis  have  done  much  to  encourage  the  highest 


THE    FINE    ARTS.  117 

ideals  in  painting,  not  only  by  importing  the  finest  sort  of  French  land- 
scapes of  the  Romantic  period  but  by  calling  attention  to  ideal  work  by  New 
York  and  other  American  painters.  The  late  Daniel  Cottier  was  among  the 
first  to  acquaint  people  with  the  great  modern  colorists  here  and  in  Europe. 
All  of  these  dealers  and  others  are  keen  searchers  of  Europe  for  old 
masters  and  modern  masters.  Some  like  Avery,  Reichard  and  Montross 
encourage  American  workmen  chiefly;  Cottier,  Blakeslee,  Knoedler  and 
Schaus  have  many  native  paintings  on  exhibition;  Boussod-Valadon  and 
Durand-Ruel  seldom  deal  in  American  work.  Some  if  not  all  of  these 
dealers  are  expert  judges  of  art,  and  all  may  be  said  to  possess  rightfully 
the  confidence  of  their  clients.  There  is  a  host  of  smaller  fry  down  to  the 
fabricators  of  stenciled  landscapes  and  bogus  old  masters  who  support  a 
precarious  and  most  unsafe  existence  by  swindling  country  people  in  New 
York,  and  through  agents  in  distant  towns.  Prints  and  etchings  are  intelli- 
gently furthered  by  Federick  Keppel,  20  East  16th  street,  Klackner  at  5 
East  17th  street  and  Weinderlich  &  Co,  at  868  Broadway. 

Studio   Buildings. 

To  accommodate  the  great  "  little  world"  of  artists  there  are  many 
studio  buildings  beginning  with  the  headquarters  of  Academicians  No.  51 
to  55  West  10th  street,  and  ending  with  houses  specially  built  over  for 
studios  by  artists  of  means.  The  old  graystone  University  still  houses  a 
number,  and  the  Benedick,  also  on  East  Washington  Square,  still  more. 
No.  3  Washington  Square  north  is  a  nest  of  studios;  another  is  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  building  opposite  the  Academy  of  Design,  and 
a  third  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Fourth  avenue  and  25th  street.  The 
largest  cluster  is  in  West  55th  street,  where  Nos.  106,  139  to  145,  and  140  to 
146  are  devoted  to  studios.  One  of  the  most  charming  is  the  studio  No. 
103  East  15th  street,  rebuilt  and  decorated  by  McKim,  Mead  &  White  with 
medallion  portraits  of  children.  The  Sherwood,  at  Sixth  avenue  and  57th 
street,  is  another  center  for  artists,  while  still  other  buildings  are  to  be 
found  in  most  of  the  newer,  but  not  the  newest  quarters  of  the  city. 

Statuary  Outside  Central  Park. 

New  York  is  liberally  supplied  with  statues  of  a  certain  kind,  but  very 
little  is  worthy  of  the  prominence  that  statuary  must  hold  m  the  public 
gaze.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  nine-tenths  would  at  once  be  removed  were 
New  York  in  the  hands  of  an  aesthetic  dictator.  A  remedy  may  possibly 
be  found  by  taking  a  leaf  from  Boston's  municipal  book  and  creating  an 
Art  Commission,  which,  courageously  and  judicially  conducted,  might  save 
the  city  from  any  further  aberrations.  The  statue  that  dominates,  not  the 
city  alone,  but  the  bays  and  rivers,  which  throws  the  electric  light  from  its 


118  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

torch  far  across  Long  Island  to  the  sea,  is  the  gigantic  "  Liberty  Enlight 
ening  the  World,"  by  the  French  sculptor  Bartholdi,  a  colossus  erected  by 
French  admirers  of  the  United  States  on  Bedloe's  Island  in  the  upper  bay, 
and  thus  very  fitly  placed  at  the  main  gate  of  immigration.  It  is  built  of 
hammered  copper  plates  rivetted,  and  is  a  draped  goddess  crowned  with 
sun-diadem  and  rays,  holding  in  her  left  hand  a  tablet  marked  July  4, 1776, 
and,  with  a  strong  gesture,  lifting  high  in  air  the  burning  torch  of  free 
thought,  free  speech  and  liberty.  The  goddess  is  151  feet  to  the  end  of  the 
torch  flame  and  stands  on  a  square  pedestal  of  granite  155  feet  high,  contri- 
buted by  citizens  and  designed  by  Richard  M.  Hunt.  A  mistake  was  made 
in  having  no  elevator,  but  the  magnificent  view  repays  the  climb  to  the  gi- 
gantic head,  whence  Staten,  Governor's,  Ellis  and  Coney  Islands,  together 
with  northern  Long  and  most  of  Manhattan  Islands  are  visible  as  on  a  map. 
The  angles  and  water  batteries  of  old  Fort  Wood  seen  above  a  foreground 
of  water  afford  this  statue  as  perfect  a  site  as  could  be  imagined.  At 
present  the  statue  is  badly  lighted  at  night.  Instead  of  an  electric  glare 
the  torch  calls  for  a  moving,  fluttering  flame,  while  the  present  plant  of 
electricity  throws  more  light  on  the  pedestal,  but  leaves  the  head  in  shadow. 
Completed  in  Paris  in  1883,  the  Liberty  was  unveiled,  if  that  term  be 
stretched  to  cover  so  gigantic  an  affair,  on  October  26th,  1886.  A  small 
steamer,  fare  25  cents,  runs  to  Bedloe's  Island  from  the  wharf  behind  the 
Barge  Office,  Battery  Place.     Food  can  be  bought  on  the  island. 

The  flight  of  18  granite  steps  leading  from  Wall  street  to  the  classic  porch 
of  the  Sub-Treasury  is  occupied  in  median  line  by  a  pedestal  which  carries 
the  bronze  George  Washington  of  colossal  size  modeled  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward 
and  unveiled  Nov.  26,  18S3.  The  spot  was  chosen  to  recall  the  inaugura- 
tion of  the  First  President,  who  took  the  oath  of  office  in  the  balcony  of  the 
old  town  hall,  just  about  where  the  steps  of  the  Treasury  now  lie.  The  stone 
on  which  he  stood  is  here  preserved.  The  south  and  north  pediments  over 
the  colonnades  of  this  building  have  never  been  filled  with  statuary,  and 
this  fact  increases  the  severity  of  the  Doric  columns  below.  Neither  has 
the  roof  any  groups,  nor  so  much  as  the  acroteria  which  gave  liveliness  to 
the  Greek  temples  which  the  building  imitates.  Nor  is  the  roof  of  the 
Customs  House  decorated.  Old  as  these  buildings  are,  no  one  seems  to 
have  taken  pity  and  finished  them. 

Trinity  Church  possesses  an  altar  and  reredos  of  some  pretensions  to 
the  sculptor's  art,  a  gift  of  his  sons  in  memory  of  Wm.  B.  Astor.  In  the 
foundry  are  four  doors  very  elaborately  cast  in  bronze  and  panelled  with 
high  reliefs  by  various  sculptors.  These  are  to  replace  the  present  doors  of 
Trinity.  They  are  William  Waldorf  Astor's  memorial  to  the  late  John 
Jacob  Astor,  long  an  active  layman  in  the  parochial  and  business  affairs  of 
the  corporation.     About  to  be  unveiled  in  the  yard  looking  down  Wall 


THE   FINE   ARTS.  119 

street  is  the  bronze  statute  of  Judge  John  Watts,  in  his  youth  Recorder  of 
the  city  under  the  British.  It  is  a  handsome  work  by  George  W.  Bissell, 
formerly  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  and  erected  by  Maj.-Gen.  John  Watts  de 
Peyster.  Further  north  is  the  monument  erected  to  prisoners  who  died  of 
neglect  and  starvation  while  the  British  occupied  the  town  in  the  Revolu- 
tion; a  monument  to  Capt.  Lawrence  of  .the  "Chesapeake"  is  seen  at  the 
tower  side  of  the  churchyard.  Over  the  chief  portal  of  the  Equitable  office 
building  stands  a  group  of  mother,  child  and  guardian  angel  (in  granite) 
expressive  of  life  insurance.  At  old  St.  Paul's  rises  a  brown-stone  obelisk 
with  words  in  the  old  Irish  tongue  engraved  upon  it,  commemorating 
a  brother  of  Robert  Emmett  who  found  an  asylum  and  a  new  country  here. 
In  the  Broadway  apse  of  this  church,  is  a  colonnade  with  pediment,  the 
memorial  of  General  Montgomery,  famous  in  the  "old  French"  war. 

Printing  House  Square  is  fitly  occupied  by  a  bronze  life-size  statue  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  erected  by  Captain  de  Groot  after  Plassmann's  design. 
It  is  a  dignified  and  excellent  work  of  art.  In  one  of  the  large  window 
openings  of  the  Tribmie  building  is  the  heroic  seated  statue  of  Horace 
Greeley  founder  of  the  Tribune,  modeled  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward  and  unveiled 
in  1890.  Head  and  legs  have  a  twist  which  gives  a  lively  but  unrestful  air 
to  the  bronze.  Another  statue  of  Greeley  ordered  of  W.  F.  O'Donovan  by 
the  printers,  will  be  set  up  elsewhere.  The  City  Hall,  Court  House  and 
new  Criminal  building  have  niches  and  places  for  statues  which  remain 
unfilled.  The  great  freight  depot  on  the  west  side  occupying  old  St.  John's 
Square  at  Laight  street  has  a  bronze  relief  with  portrait  of  Commodore 
Vanderbilt  designed  by  or  caused-to  be  modeled  by  Capt.  de  Groot  which 
will  hardly  repay  a  visit. 

From  this  point  northward  New  York  has  no  statuary  save  the  "Eagle 
and  Young"  on  the  New  York  Life  Building  until  Washington  Square  is 
reached.  There  stands  the  colossal  bronze  bust  of  the  civil  engineer 
Holley,  modelled  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward  and  unveiled  in  1890,  together 
with  the  bronze  standing  figure  of  the  Liberator  Garibaldi  designed  by 
Turini  and  presented  by  Italian  residents — a  work  of  little  art.  The  mar- 
ble arch  in  memory  of  Washington,  just  completed,  is  so  far  guiltless  of 
sculpture  beyond  very  simple  rosettes  and  other  decorations  in  low  relief. 
In  this  zone  at  Astor  and  Clinton  places  is  the  life-size  bronze  standing  fig- 
ure of  United  States  Senator  S.  S.  Cox,  erected  by  the  postal  employees. 
It  is  a  stiff,  inartistic  affair  by  Louise  Lawson.  The  triangular  grass 
plot  south  of  Cooper  Union  is  to  have  the  colossal  statue  of  Peter 
Cooper  by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens.  At  Union  Square  the  monuments  be- 
come more  numerous.  Here  is  one  of  the  finest  statues  of  the  city,  the 
equestrian  George  Washington  on  a  tall  pedestal,  designed  by  H.  K.  ' 
Browne.     It  is  dignified,  noble  and  impressive  without  being  technically  a 


120  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

clever  bit  of  handling.  Browne's  standing  figure  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in 
bronze  opposite  is  much  inferior.  Bartholdi's  lively  bronze  statue  of  the 
young  Lafayette,  given  by  French  residents,  looks  south  down  Broadway. 
In  the  western  border  of  the  square  is  a  tall  bronze  drinking  fountain  by 
Donndorf  of  Germany,  with  a  group  of  mother  and  children  on  top  and 
much  decoration  below.  It  is  the-  gift  of  D.  Willis  James.  On  the  curb 
of  the  northeast  sidewalk  is  a  charming  little  drinking  fountain  carved  by 
Olin  L.  Warner  out  of  Tennessee  marble.  Exquisite  in  contours  and  deco- 
rated on  the  west  side  with  cupids  in  half  relief,  it  is  the  gift  of  Miss 
Shepard. 

At  Madison  Square  the  seated  bronze  statue  of  the  statesman  Wm.  M. 
Seward  by  Randolph  Rogers  is  one  of  the  unfortunate  bits  of  statuary. 
The  difficulties  in  the  way  of  treating  a  figure  like  Seward's,  all  head  and 
no  legs,  are  cut  by  the  sculptor;  he  provides  the  statesman  with  legs  of  un- 
usual length  and  prominence.  Here  is  an  iron  and  bronze  drinking  foun- 
tain designed  by  Miss  Emma  Stebbins  and  erected  by  the  late  Miss  Cath- 
arine L.  Wolfe;  also  the  plain  shaft  with  bronze  panels  to  recall  the  mili- 
tary feats  of  Major-General  Worth,  who  died  in  1849  in  Texas.  With  the 
bronze  standing  figure  of  Admiral  Farragut  by  Augustus  St.  Gaudens  one 
reaches  the  high  mark  of  statuary  in  New  York,  but  the  rest  is  considera- 
bly below  that  mark.  The  figure  shows  the  Admiral  in  command  on  deck, 
with  marine  glasses  in  hand  and  his  coat  skirt  thrown  back  by  the  wind. 
His  legs  are  slightly  apart  in  a  sailor's  attitude,  a  point  quite  lost  on  Parisian 
critics  when  the  model  was  shown  and  admired  at  the  Salon.  The  pedestal 
is  hardly  less  a  work  of  art.  Its  shape  lends  itself  to  the  weary,  being  a 
bench  with  tall  back  in  a  shallow  circular  shape.  Marine  and  military  sym- 
bols appear  in  the  dolphins  covered  with  flowing  water,  the  upright  sword 
and  the  bronze  crabs  let  into  the  pebbly  path  before  the  seat.  Striking 
symbolical  female  figures  in  low  relief,  perhaps  the  most  beautiful  of  all 
Saint  Gaudens'  works,  are  seen  to  right  and  left  of  the  advanced  central 
portion  of  the  structure  which  forms  the  special  pedestal  of  the  statue. 
The  bench-pedestal  was  designed  with  the  collaboration  of  the  architect 
Stanford  White.  By  Saint  Gaudens  is  also  the  copper  Diana  on  the  tower 
of  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  which  acts  as  a  weather-vane.  The  first 
vane  was  a  mistake  in  size;  it  has  been  lowered  and  a  much  smaller  Diana 
will  take  its  place.  The  goddess  is  nude,  with  her  cloak  flying  in  the 
breeze,  her  bow  bent  and  extended  and  one  foot  on  the  ground.  The  model 
was  a  charming  one,  but  the  figure  and  subject  are  not  particularly  suited 
to  so  great  an  altitude  and  the  veering  about  of  a  weather-cock.  In  spite 
of  a  certain  triviality  in  the  site  the  Diana  is  a  work  of  art. 

Besides  the  fountains  already  mentioned,  there  are  a  dozen  iron  drinking 
fountains  scattered  about  the  city,  presented  by  the  late   Mrs.  John  Jacob 


THE    FINE   ARTS.  121 

Astor.  One  in  the  entrance  flight  of  stairs  at  the  Academy  of  Design,  another 
in  the  Jordan  Memorial  Church  in  Washington  Square,  a  third  in  Jefferson 
Market  Court  House  in  Sixth  avenue,  have  some  merit;  others  must  forego 
mention. 

Aside  from  Central  Park  but  two  squares  or  parks  have  statuary  in 
addition  to  that  already  mentioned.  The  intersection  of  Broadway,  Sixth 
avenue  and  34th  street  has  a  bronze  standing  figure  of  the  late  Wm.  E. 
Dodge,  erected  on  a  bench  pedestal  by  relatives  and  friends,  and  designed 
by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward.  This  is  another  statue  which  would  bear  removal  to 
private  grounds  or  a  cemetery.  In  Bryant  Park  near  the  Reservoir  and 
looking  on  40th  street  is  the  colossal  bronze  bust  of  Washington  Irving, 
modeled  in  Europe  by  Beer,  and  presented  to  the  city  in  1866  by  Joseph 
Wiener.  It  is  to  Central  Park,  however,  that  the  great  bulk  of  New  York 
statuary  is  confined. 

Statuary  in  Central  Park. 

At  the  head  of  the  Mall,  looking  down  from  the  terrace  to  the  lake, 
one  sees  a  large  fountain  with  a  bronze  Angel  designed  by  Miss  Emma 
Stebbins.  This  is  a  somewhat  religious  figure,  since  it  represents  the  angel 
that  descended  on  the  pool  at  Siloam.  History  is  recorded  by  the  standing 
bronze  figure  of  the  Pilgrim  erected  near  the  72d  street  cross-road  by  the 
New  England  Society  of  New  York  to  commemorate  A.  D.  1620,  the  year 
in  which  the  English  Dissenting  refugees  into  Holland  decided  to  follow 
the  Netherlanders  across  the  Atlantic.  The  young  pilgrim  wears  a  broad, 
Flemish  soft  hat,  broad  topped  boots  falling  to  the  calf,  and  the  costume  of 
a  Dutch  burgher  of  the  period;  he  has  a  musket  and  old-fashioned  belt  for 
powder  and  shot.  The  standing  marble  statue  of  Alexander  Hamilton 
has  a  commanding  site  near  the  drive  past  the  Metropolitan  Museum.  It 
was  carved  by  Conrads,  and  given  by  the  late  John  C.  Hamilton. 

A  colossal  Christopher  Columbus  by  Miss  Emma  Stebbins  has  never 
been  erected,  although  presented  to  the  city  in  1869  by  the  late  Marshall  O. 
Roberts.  It  is  stored  away  in  the  old  arsenal  in  the  zoological  garden.  A 
heroic  bronze  Daniel  Webster  by  Thomas  Ball  of  Boston,  the  gift  of  Gor- 
don W.  Burnham,  stands  on  a  very  tall  ivy-grown  pedestal  at  the  round- 
point  of  the  drive  west  of  the  lake.  Mazzmi  the  Italian  agitator  is  recalled 
by  a  bust  in  bronze  of  heroic  size  from  the  hands  of  Turini.  It  stands  on 
the  west  drive,  not  far  from  the  72d  street  line,  and  is  a  gift  of  Italian  resi- 
dents. 

Another  champion  of  freedom  is  recalled  in  the  violently  agitated 
equestrian  statue  of  the  Liberator  Bolivar,  a  gift  to  New  York  from  the 
President  and  people  of  Venezuela  in  1884.  It  is  by  the  Venezuelan  sculp- 
tor Rafael  de  la  Cova,  and  stands  near  the  81st  entrance  on  the  west  side. 


122  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

If  it  be  ungenerous  to  look  a  gift  horse  in  the  mouth,  the  animal  designed 
by  Cova  must  be  an  exception,  for  it  is  opening  its  jaws  so  wide  that  the 
glance  penetrates  perforce. 

On  the  west  drive  stands  a  bronze  soldier  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  erected 
by  the  Seventh  Regiment  in  1874  in  honor  of  members  who  fell  in  war. 

Ideal  groups  and  figures  are  represented  by  the  life-size,  Indian  Hunter 
and  Dog,  designed  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward,  to  the  west  of  the  southern  entrance 
to  the  Mall,  and  a  symbolical  Commerce  in  bronze,  presented  by  Stephen  B. 
Guion  in  1865.  The  latter  stands  near  the  southwestern  entrance.  Only 
one  artist  is  commemorated  in  the  Park,  and  he,  not  for  his  paintings, 
which  were  mediocre,  but  for  an  invention  and  application  of  electricity. 
This  is  the  bronze  standing  statue  of  Morse  designed  by  Byron  M.  Pickett, 
near  the  entrance  from  Fifth  avenue  at  726.  street.  One  musical  genius  is 
here,  a  colossal  bronze  bust  of  Beethoven  by  H.  Baerer  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Mall,  presented  by  the  New  York  Maennerchor,  July  226.,  1884.  A  pretty 
little  bronze  figure  of  Music  with  lyre  decorates  the  pedestal.  Literary 
men  of  fame  are  more  generously  treated. 

Shakespeare  has  a  life-size  bronze  figure  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward  on  the  right 
as  one  enters  the  Mall  fjom  the  south.  It  was  placed  in  1872  to  commem- 
orate the  300th  birthday  of  the  dramatist,  and  is  the  most  ambitious  single 
figure  by  this  sculptor.  A  bust  of  Cervantes  from  the  Spanish  members  of 
the  Cervantes  Club  has  been  modeled  by  Senor  de  Miranda  of  New  York. 
The  Scottish  residents  have  supplied  the  lower  end  of  the  Mall  with  two 
seated  figures  in  bronze  on  pedestals  of  polished  Aberdeen  granite:  a  Sir 
Walter  Scott  reclining  on  a  rock,  duplicate  of  the  Edinburgh  statue  by  Sir 
John  Steell,  presented  in  1872,  and  a  bronze-seated  Robert  Burns,  his  eyes 
in  frenzy  rolling,  a  work  by  the  same  Edinburgh  sculptor,  and  presented  in 
1880.  They  are  coarsely  modeled  statues  by  a  man  with  local  fame  m  Scot- 
land, but  no  artist.  A  large  bronze  bust  of  the  German  poet  Schiller,  mod- 
eled by  C.  L.  Richter,  stands  on  the  Ramble,  and  is  the  gift  of  German 
citizens.  '  A  bronze  bust  of  the  poet  Thomas  Moore  by  Dennis  B.  Sheehan 
is  the  gift  of  the  Moore  Memorial  Committee,  and  was  unveiled  in  1880.  It 
is  by  the  pond  near  the  entrance  at  Fifth  avenue  and  59th  street.  The 
New  York  poet  Fitz-Greene  Halleck  is  honored  by  a  seated  bronze  figure 
on  the  Mall,  pen  in  hand,  and  his  laurel  crown  hung  on  the  back  of  his 
chair;  it  is  the  design  of  Wilson  MacDonald  and  was  erected  in  1877.  The 
poet  Wm.  Cullen  Bryant  has  a  colossal  bronze  bust  in  the  Metropolitan 
Museum,  a  fine  work  by  Launt  Thompson.  Finally  the  author  and  natural 
philosopher  Alexander  von  Humboldt  has  a  bronze  bust  near  the  Fifth 
avenue  and  59th  street  entrance.  It  was  the  gift  of  German  citizens 
on  Sept.  14;  1869,  the  100th  birthday  of  Humboldt,  and  is  by  Gustav 
Blaeser. 


THE    FINE   ARTS.  123 

Out  of  all  these  statues  and  groups  few  are  worthy  of  retention.  Sing- 
ularly enough  New  York  allows  foreign  sculptors  to  supply  a  large  part  of 
her  statuary;  she  does  not  employ  Warner,  Donohue,  Herbert  Adams, 
MacMonnies  and  other  capital  sculptors,  just  as  she  failed  to  secure  at  any 
price  the  architect  H.  H.  Richardson  when  alive  and  allows  the  color-talents 
of  John  La  Farge  to  be  used  by  other  cities.  One  animal  sculptor  of  the 
city  has  a  Crouching  Puma  in  Central  Park;  this  is  the  "Still  Hunt"  by 
Edward  Kemeys  which  the  author  presented.  The  Falconer  by  George 
Simonds,  a  British  artist,  was  presented  by  George  Kemp  in  1872;  it  is  on 
the  bank  above  the  west  drive  near  the  lake.  The  Tigress  and  Cubs  by 
Auguste  Cain  of  Paris  was  presented  by  a  dozen  gentlemen  in  1872;  it 
stands  west  of  the  terrace.  The  Eagles  and  Mountain  Goat  by  Fratin  of 
Paris  was  given  by  Gordon  W.  Burnham  in  1863;  it  stands  west  of  the 
upper  Mall. 

Specialties  of  Painters. 

Mural  painting  is  practised  by  many  of  the  best  artists  together  with 
carved  work  inlaid  and  painted  for  the  decoration  of  interiors.  Noted 
mural  painters  are  the  artists  John  La  Farge,  who  has  revived  an  encaustic 
process  with  wax  as  a  fixative,  Geo.  W.  Maynard,  Francis  Lathrop,  who 
is  also  a  maker  of  mosaics,  Thomas  W.  Dewing,  Kenyon  Cox,  Walter 
Shirlaw  and  Richard  Newton,  Jr.  Among  the  artists  who  paint  stage 
curtains  are  J.  O.  Davidson  the  marine  painter,  and  Jules  Goodman. 
Fashionable  portrait  painters  include  Benjamin  C.  Porter,  John  Sargent, 
Wyatt  Eaton,  Harper  Pennington,  Eastman  Johnson,  Geo.  B.  Butler, 
Carroll  Beckwith,  Rice,  Hardy,  and  Chase,  while  the  older  men — Daniel 
Huntington,  Thomas  W.  Wood,  H.  A.  Loop,  and  their  contemporaries — 
are  much  sought  by  a  large  list  of  clients.  Among  ideal  landscapists  and 
colorists  of  great  subtlety  are  George  Inness,  Albert  P.  Ryder,  John  La 
Farge,  Homer  D.  Martin,  Theodore  Robinson,  Frederick  Church,  and 
Melville  Dewey,  to  whom  one  may  perhaps  add  in  second  line  Robert 
Miner,  Dwight  Tryon,  Robert  Reid  and  John  Johnston.  Religious  paint- 
ings for  churches  have  been  produced  by  John  La  Farge,  Richard  Creifeld, 
Mrs.  Ella  Condie  Lamb,  and  Frederick  Crowninshield;  historical  pictures 
by  M.  F.  H.  de  Haas,  Thomas  Hovenden,  Gilber  Gault,  Frank  D.  Millet, 
J.  O.  Davidson,  Julian  Scott,  Winslow  Homer,  and  others  too  many  to  retail. 

The  Applied  Arts. 

The  arts  as  applied  to  industries  are  varied  as  befits  a  city  which  has 
become  a  great  manufacturing  centre  and  is  full  of  wealthy  corporations 
and  citizens.  In  stained  glass  for  windows  and  fire-screens,  for  example, 
New  York  has  reached  a  point  not  easily  imagined  by  those  who  fail  to 
keep  track  of  such  matters.     Chartres  in  France,    Paris,    Brussels,   Munich 


124  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

and  London  are  all  places  where  stained  glass  is  made  in  abundance  for 
churches  and  dwellings.  Chartres  is  one  of  the  original  mediaeval  homes  of 
stained  glass;  yet  not  even  Chartres  produces  as  beautiful  stained  glass  as 
New  York.  The  leading  artists  in  this  comparatively  new  branch  are  John 
La  Farge  and  Louis  E.  Tiffany;  fine  work  is  also  produced  by  Francis 
Lathrop,  the  Tiffany  Glass  Company,  Frederick  Crowninshield,  Lamb, 
Miss  M.  A.  Tillinghast  and  half  a  dozen  more.  For  a  small  exhibit  in 
1889  in  Paris  the  ribbon  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  was  decreed  to  John  La 
Farge. 

Wrought  iron  and  bronze  work  can  be  turned  out  as  fine  in  quality  as 
in  Paris,  and  the  leading  New  York  architects  are  introducing  more  and 
more  bronze  and  iron  work  into  public  and  private  buildings.  The  foundry 
of  John  Williams  on  West  27th  street  is  the  leading  shop  for  this  sort  of 
work;  it  is  produced  in  still  larger  quantities  by  the  Jackson  iron  works. 
Designs  are  made  by  artists,  and  the  work  is  carried  out  with  great  spirit. 
Silversmithing  is  in  still  greater  case;  the  Tiffany  firm,  the  Gorham  Com- 
pany and  the  other  gold  and  silversmiths  produce  a  great  variety  of  original 
work,  some  of  which  is  in  the  best  taste.  For  rugs  and  carpets  woven 
from  designs  by  their  own  artist  the  Sloane  firm  is  famous,  while  there  are 
specialists  in  porcelains,  pottery  and  tiles  who  have  their  kilns  in  or  near 
New  York.  Embroidery  of  an  artistic  kind  is  produced  by  Mrs.  Wheeler.  In 
furniture  of  original  design  employing  woods  of  novel  fashion  the  firm  of 
Cottier  &  Co,  is  very  noteworthy,  not  to  speak  of  the  great  establishments 
of  older  date  which  supply  the  vast  hotels  and  the  sumptuous  homes  of 
millionaires  with  furnishings  always  costly  and  some  times  in  good  taste. 

Steinway  and  Sons. 

In  the  musical  development  of  New  York  one  of  the  most  potent  factors 
has  been  the  great  house  of  Steinway  and  Sons.  Not  only  have  they  built 
better  pianos  than  any  other  house,  but  they  have  given  direct  encourage- 
ment to  musicians,  and  at  times  when  amusement  managers  shrank  from 
the  risk  of  bringing  world-renowned  artists  at  great  cost  to  this  country, 
this  house  undertook  the  expense,  and  thus  greatly  educated  the  public 
taste.  For  a  long  time  New  York  was  without  a  building  suitable  for  grand 
concerts  until  Steinway  and  Sons  built  Steinway  Hall,  which  became  the 
home  of  the  Symphony  and  Oratorio  Societies.  At  this  day  the  house  is 
still  among  the  most  munificent  patrons  in  New  York  of  the  musical  art. 

Steinway  Hall  still  carries  with  it  in  memory  the  full  rich  notes  of  Ade- 
lina  Patti  when  she  was  at  her  best,  of  Gerster,  Lehmann,  Albani,  Nilsson, 
Materna,  of  Scalchi,  Trebelli,  Campanini,  Del  Puente, Rubinstein,  Essipoff, 
Rosenthal,  Joseffy,  Ole  Bull,  and  scores  of  others  whose  names  are  in- 
scribed in  gold  letters  on  the  artists'  roll  of  fame.     Charles  Dickens  made 


THE   FINE   ARTS.  125 

his  American  debut  in  this  hall.  Almost  every  great  contemporary  musician 
has  performed  there,  and  many  of  them  would  never  have  even  visited  these 
shores  had  it  not  been  for  the  guarantees  of  Steimvay  and  Sons. 

.  Since  the  hall  was  built  the  uptown  movement  has  carried  the  music- 
loving  public  beyond  easy  reach  of  it,  and  two  years  ago  it  was  converted 
into  warerooms  and  a  finishing  factory.  The  old  instructors'  rooms  remain, 
however,  and  a  smaller  hall  has  been  fitted  up  for  chamber  concerts 
and  afternoon  recitals.  Thus  it  is  still  a  centre  of  musical  culture.  Some 
of  the  most  famous  teachers  in  New  York  have  their  offices  in  the  building, 
including  William  Mason,  S.  B.  Mills,  E.  M.  Bowman,  Joseffy  and  others. 

During  the  Columbus  celebration  in  October  and  for  some  time  subse- 
quently there  will  be  a  most  interesting  exhibition  at  Steinway  Hall.  It 
will  include  the  first  square  piano,  the  first  grand  piano,  and  the  first  up- 
right piano  made  by  the  firm,  also  the  piano  which  brought  them  into  fame 
at  the  Crystal  Palace  Exhibition  of  the  American  Institute  in  1855.  This 
was  the  first  overstrung  grand  piano  ever  made.  Other  features  of  the  ex- 
hibition will  be  some  of  the  achievements  of  the  house  in  the  way  of  orna- 
mental cases,  in  the  designing  and  manufacture  of  which  they  have  no 
rivals. 

The  show  rooms  themselves  are  among  the  finest  permanent  exhi- 
bitions in  New  York.  Steinway  Hall  extends  from  Fourteenth  street  below 
Union  Square  clear  back  to  Fifteenth  street,  a  distance  of  207  feet.  The 
lot  is  irregular  in  size,  being  72  feet  wide  on  Fourteenth  street  and  100  feet 
wide  on  Fifteenth  street.  All  the  first  floor  is  divided  up  into  show-rooms 
for  the  exhibition  of  the  instruments  made  by  the  firm.  There  are  four- 
teen of  these  rooms  in  all,  and  as  each  may  be  closed  off  by  glass  doors  it 
is  possible  for  fourteen  salesmen  to  be  at  work  at  once  without  in  any  way 
interfering  with  each  other  or  distracting  the  customer.  These  rooms  are 
richly  decorated  in  Renaissance  style.  They  are  of  varying  sizes  and  fitted 
up  differently.  For  instance,  a  grand  piano  is  usually  exhibited  in  a  large 
hall  with  bare  floor,  reproducing  concert  hall  conditions  as  nearly  as  possible. 
In  selling  a  piano  for  a  private  residence,  it  is  first  shown  on  a  bare  floor, 
then  taken  into  a  luxuriously  carpeted  and  furnished  parlor.  Again,  in 
order  to  show  the  color  effects  of  the  cases,  there  is  a  room  where  the 
strongest  daylight  is  showered  upon  the  instruments.  Another  is  dark,  but 
may  be  lighted  by  gas  or  electricity.  No  customer  can  ever  complain  of 
being  deceived,  for  he  can,  if  he  wishes,  hear  and  see  his  purchase  under 
all  possible  conditions.- 

In  the  basement  are  the  packing  and  shipping  rooms  and  the  vaults. 
Every  piano  that  goes  out  with  the  name  of  Steinway  upon  it  is  shipped 
from  this  buildmg,  for  here  the  finishing  touches  are  given.  There  is  no 
such  factory  building  m  the  world  as  that  which  was  once  Steinway  Hall. 


126  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Every  workman  has  a  window.  It  is  true  they  are  very  superior  workmen- 
artists,  in  fact,  rather  than  artisans,  the  men  who  impart  to  each  piano  its 
individuality.  Follow  a  piano  through  the  stages  of  its  finishing.  It  comes 
from  one  of  the  other  factories  with  all  its  strings,  action,  keyboard,  pedals, 
and  case  complete.  The  action  regulator  adjusts  its  mechanism  so  that 
each  key  is  equally  with  its  fellows  responsive  to  the  touch.  In  the  next 
process  it  is  tuned  as  perfectly  as  a  tuner  can.  The  master  workman  takes 
it  then.  He  is  called  the  tone  regulator,  is  generally  a  first-class  musician, 
and  perfectly  familiar  with  every  point  in  the  construction  of  a  piano.  He 
plays  upon  it,  tries  it  in  every  way,  makes  up  his  mind  as  to  the  character 
it  is  best  fitted  to  assume,  and  forces  it  to  live  up  to  that  character.  Off  one 
hammer  he  takes  a  little  felt,  with  another  uses  the  needles,  points  a  third, 
flattens  a  fourth.  He  educates  the  instrument,  gives  it  a  soul,  and  when  it 
is  moulded  to  his  liking,  to  his  belief,  he  puts  his  name  on  a  certain  key,  so 
that  his  fellow-craftsmen  can  always  tell  who  is  responsible  for  the  tone- 
making  of  that  piano.  All  the  Steinway  instruments  have  the  essential 
qualities  in  common  ;  they  have  that  much-admired  singing  tone,  great 
volume,  brilliancy  and  carrying  power,  with  a  perfect  mechanism.  But 
play  first  on  one  then  on  another,  and  you  will  find  them  as  different  as 
twins  in  character,  each  possessing  a  distinctive  individuality.  From  the 
house  come  the  family  characteristics,  from  the  tone  adjusters  the  indi- 
vidual differences. 

The  names  of  the  original  members  of  the  house  may  still  be  seen 
upon  the  last  keys  of  Steinway  pianos  made  in  the  fifties  ;  they  having  per- 
sonally regulated  tone  and  action,  finished,  and  put  in  the  sounding  board, 
in  fact,  with  their  own  hands,  made  the  pianos  in  their  entirety.  The  instru- 
ments alluded  to  are  still  in  daily  use,  for  the  life  of  a  Steinway  piano  has 
not  yet  been  determined  by  time,  old  as  the  house  is.  One  reason  for  this  is 
found  in  the  strength  of  the  frames  and  the  careful  selection  of  materials 
used,  all  of  which  will  be  described  when  the  other  factories  are  under 
review. 

Many  of  the  artisans  employed  are  men  of  great  talent,  and,  of  course, 
their  remuneration  is  correspondingly  large.  This  is  true  in  the  decorative 
as  well  as  in  the  musical  departments.  With  the  increase  in  the  wealth  of 
this  country  has  come  a  demand  upon  this  representative  house  for  ex- 
pensively cased  pianos,  in  the  construction  of  which  a  high  order  of  artistic 
skill  is  required.  With  the  majority  of  their  wealthy  patrons  the  demand 
is  met  by  the  use  of  precious  woods — as  mahogany,  English  and  quartered 
oak,  prima  vera,  figured  walnut  and  satinwood.  Others,  however,  require 
elaborate  carving  in  relief  or  inlaying.  Some  of  the  most  beautiful  cases 
made  are  in  marquetrie,  designed  and  inlaid  by  the  best  Parisian  artists. 
Others  have  been  adorned  by  the  hands  of  such  masters  as  Alma  Tadema. 


THE   PINE  ARTS.  127 

Others  are  in  tortoise-shell  and  mother  of  pearl,  and  some  have  been  built 
with  precious  stones  set  in  the  cases. 

A  number  of  unique  designs  are  now  on  exhibition,  as  well  as  many- 
cases  which  derive  their  beauty  solely  from  the  choice  character  of  the 
woods  used.  All  the  importers  of  woods  give  the  first  choice  to  Steinway 
and  Sons,  and  whenever  they  come  across  an  exceptionally  beautiful  piece 
lay  it  aside  for  the  use  of  this  house.  They  are  fully  warranted  in  doing 
this  by  the  largeness  of  the  orders  received  from  the  firm.  An  idea  of  the  ex- 
tent of  the  business  done  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  they  have 
constantly  in  their  Steinway  Hall  building  over  1,000  pianos,  and  as  many 
more  are  in  course  of  construction  at  their  factories.  Specimens  of  orna- 
mental cases  ordered  from  them  may  be  seen  in  New  York's  three  newest 
and  most  sumptuous  hotels,  the  Savoy,  Holland  House,  and  Plaza.  The 
highest  price  ever  paid  for  a  Steinway  Piano  was  $50,000. 

To  know  how  it  is  possible  for  these  manufacturers  to  continue  without 
intermission  the  production  of  perfect  pianos,  requires  a  visit  to  the  fac- 
tories at  Steinway,  Long  Island,  and  on  the  block  in  New  York  bounded 
by  Park  and  Lexington  Avenues  and  Fifty-second  and  Fifty-third  Streets. 
It  is  also  well  to  bear  in  mind  that  Steinway  and  Sons  are  the  only  manu- 
facturers in  the  world  who  make  every  part  of  a  piano,  including  the  casting 
of  their  steel  composition  plates. 

Over  at  Steinway  all  the  heavy  work  is  done.  The  works  cover 
twelve  acres,  and  include  boiler  and  engine  houses,  case  making,  wood  carv- 
ing and  action  making  factories,  a  saw  mill,  a  foundry,  japanning  works, 
a  key  board  factory,  offices,  sheds  for  the  storing  of  lumber,  drying 
kilns,  and  a  building  for  the  storage  of  fine  veneers.  In  the  yards  about 
5,000,000  feet  of  lumber  is  kept  stacked  for  seasoning.  Millions  of  feet  of 
logs  are  to  be  seen  in  the  great  basin,  which  is  300  x  100  feet  in  size. 

Everybody  has  heard  of  the  machine-like  regularity  of  the  German 
army,  how  each  officer  and  private  is  on  ordinary  occasions  an  automaton, 
yet  in  an  emergency  develops  a  surprising  degree  of  resourcefulness. 
Thus  it  is  with  the  workmen  in  the  Steinway  employ.  All  are  thoroughly 
trained  and  disciplined.  No  one  slurs  his  work.  Every  part  of  it  is  accom- 
plished with  scrupulous  care.  The  officering  of  the  army  of  600  men 
employed  at  Steinway  and  of  500  employed  in  the  New  York  factories  is 
magnificent.  In  every  department  a  partner  in  the  house  holds  supreme 
command,  and  subordinate  officers  are  numerous  enough  to  exercise  com- 
plete supervision.  No  imperfect  wood,  no  flawed  metal,  is  ever  permitted 
to  enter  into  a  Steinway  piano.  Watching  the  workmen  here,  one  under- 
stands at  last  how  the  house  holds  its  pre-eminence  in  the  trade. 

Outside  of  the  factory  discipline  is  relaxed,  and  the  most  cordial  relations 
prevail  between  emplovers  and  employees.     The  town  is  a  model  one  in  all 


128  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

respects,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  another  of  its  size  in  the  world  that 
has  so  many  municipal  improvements.  All  of  these  have  been  created 
through  the  liberality  of  the  house.  Everything  possible  is  done  to  improve 
the  condition  of  the  workmen.  They  have  charming  homes  to  live  in,  good 
schools  for  their  children,  and  are  encouraged  to  save  money  and  provide 
for  the  future. 

Similar  conditions  prevail  at  the  Park  Avenue  factory,  except  on  the 
social  side,  though  many  of  the  workmen  do  make  their  homes  at  Steinway, 
L.  I.  But  within  the  factory  there  is  the  same  close  attention  to  the  duty  of 
the  hour  under  the  same  intelligent  supervision.  Many  of  the  processes 
used  are  trade  secrets,  and  are  jealously  guarded. 

Improvements  made  in  piano  construction  from  time  to  time  are  pat- 
ented, and  it  would  require  several  books  to  describe  all  the  inventions 
that  have  been  made  by  members  of  the  house. 

Besides  the  factories  in  New  York,  the  house  has  a  large  one  in  Ham- 
burg, where  instruments  are  finished  for  the  climate  of  Europe.  In  London 
the  house  owns  Steinway  Hall,  a  building  which  does  for  the  greater  city 
much  the  same  service  as  old  Steinway  Hall  did  for  New  York.  It  is  a  center 
of  musical  instruction  and  a  rendezvous  for  the  profession.  Great  as  the  suc- 
cess of  the  Steinways  has  been  in  this  country,  it  has  perhaps  been  even 
more  distinguished  in  Great  Britain  and  Europe.  Messrs.  Steinway  &  Sons 
are  the  only  Americans  who  have  ever  been  appointed  "manufacturers  of 
pianofortes  to  the  Queen."  Others  falsely  assert  a  claim  to  the  title,  but  an 
official  contradiction  of  this  claim  was  recently  made,  and  the  statement  put 
forth  by  authority  that  Messrs.  Steinway  &  Sons  are  alone  entitled  to  the 
distinction.  Similarly  they  are  the  only  Americans  ever  appointed  as  piano- 
forte manufacturers  to  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  the  Princess  of  Wales.  An 
inquiry  addressed  to  the  London  branch  of  the  house  as  to  the  reception  ot 
the  Steinway  instruments  in  Britain  elicited  the  following  list  of  aristo- 
cratic purchasers : — 

The  Queen,  Prince  of  Wales,  Princess  of  Wales,  Prince  of  Chanderna- 
gore,  Princess  Beatrice,  Duke  of  Orleans,  Ranee  Sarawak,  Prince  Leiningen, 
Duchess  of  Fife,  Rt.  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  M.  P.,  Hon.  T.  Egerton,  M.  P., 
Duchess  of  Abercom,  Duchess  of  Manchester,  Duke  of  Marlborough,  Duke  of 
Newcastle,  Duke  of  Portland,  Countess  of  Bective,  Earl  Cadogan,  Earl  of 
Caithness,  Countess  of  Charleville,  Earl  of  Clarendon,  Earl  Compton, 
Countess  of  Dalhousie,  Countess  de  Lanchatre,  Countess  de  Grey, 
Countess  of  Dudley,  Earl  of  Dysart,  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  Countess  of  Glas- 
gow, Countess  of  Gosford,  Countess  of  Kenmare,  Dowager  Countess  of 
Kintore,  Countess  of  Kinnoull,  Countess  of  Leicester,  Countes  of  Lonsdale, 
Earl  Manvers,  Countess  of  Meath,  Countess  of  Rosebery,  Earl  of  Sand- 
wich, Earl  of  Shrewsbury  and  Talbot,  Earl  of  Wilton,  Countess  of  Wilton, 


THE   FINE  ARTS.  129 

Earl  of  Zetland  (Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland), Maria  Marchioness  Ailesbury, 
Marchioness  of  Blandford,  Marquis  de  Santurce,  Marchioness  of  London- 
derry, Dowager  Marchioness  of  Londonderry,  Marquis  of  Queensberry, 
Marchioness  of  Ripon,  Marchioness  of  Tweeddale,  Dowager  Lady  Marchion- 
ess of  Waterford,  Lord  Alington,  Lord  Brassey,  Lord  Bramwell,  Lord 
Walter  Campbell,  Lord  Camoys,  Lord  Willoughby  D'Eresby,  Lord  Grey  de 
Wilton,  Lord  W.  Nevill,  Lord  Petrie,  Lord  Rothschild,  Baron  de  Fock, 
Baron  Knoep,  Baron  Orczy,  Baron  F.  de  Rothschild,  Baron  de  Worms  (Un- 
der Foreign  Secretary),  Viscountess  Boyne,  Viscountess  Combermere,  Vis- 
countess Doneraile,  Dowager  Viscountess  Doune,  Viscountess  Dupplin, 
Viscountess  Maidstone,  Viscountess  Mandeville,  Viscountess  de  Stern,  Vis- 
countess Harberton,  Lady  Louisa  Ashburton,  Lady  (Denman)  Brooke, 
Lady  (Sarawak)  Brooke,  Lady  Idina  Brassey,  Dowager  Lady  Belper,  Lady 
Charles  Beresford,  Lady  Mary  Boscawen,  Lady  Aline  Beaumont,  Lady 
Bowen,  Lady  Colin  Campbell,  Lady  Randolph  Churchill,  Lady  Clayton, 
Lady  de  Clifford, Lady  Dorchester,  Lady  Charlotte  Dundas,  Lady  Willough- 
by D'Eresby,  Lady  Orr  Ewing,  Lady  Augusta  Fane,  Lady  Fairbairn,  Lady 
Alice  Fitzwilliam,  Lady  Forbes,  Lady  Galsworthy,  Lady  Gerard,  Lady  Al- 
bert Gower,  Lady  Cynthia  Graham,  Lady  Henry  Grosvenor,  Lady  Vernon 
Harcourt,  Lady  Hastings,  Lady  Hilda  Higgins,  Lady  Hillington,  Lady 
Hindlip,  Lady  Hothfield,  Lady  Muriel  Howard,  Lady  R.  Howard,  Lady 
Huntingtower,  Lady  Jenkinson,  Lady  Algernon  Lennox,  Dowager  Lady 
Lyttelton,  Lacy  Maiden,  Lady  G.  Montgomery,  Lady  Stafford  Northcote, 
Lady  E.  W.  Quin,  Lady  E.  Romilly,  Lady  A.  Rothschild,  Lady  Sandhurst, 
Lady  Isabella  Schuster,  Lady  A.  Scott,  Lady  Henry  Somerset,  Lady  M. 
Spearman,  Lady  F.  Sturt,  Lady  Suffield,  Lady  E.  Talbot,  Lady  E.  Upton, 
Lady  Vernon,  Lady  Wenlock,  Lady  Wimborne,  Lady  Wolverton,  Hon.  G. 
Addington,  Hon.  Mrs.  Cholmondeley,  Hon.  Miss  Colbourne,  Hon.  Mrs. 
Dundas,  Hon.  H.  Finch-Hatton,  Hon.  Mrs.  Johnstone,  Hon.  Mrs.  Magniac, 
Hon.  Mrs.  Newdigate,  Hon.  and  Rev.  W.  Petrie,  Hon.  E.  Phelps,  Hon.  A. 
Ponsonby,  Hon.  H.  Sturt,  Hon.  Mrs.  R.  Talbot,  Sir  W.  Abdy,  Sir.  A.  W. 
Birch,  K.  C.  M.  G.,  Sir  Lionel  Darell,  Bart,  Sir.  C.  S.  Forbes,  Sir  Julian 
Goldsmid,  Sir  J.  Lister  Kaye,  Sir  H.  Maxwell,  Sir  F.  Montefiore,  Sir 
Charles  Rich,  Bart,  Sir  M.  W.  Ridley,  Bart,  Sir  T.  S.  Tancred,  Bart,  Sir  E. 
Thornton,  K.  C.  B.,  Sir  G.  Wombwell,  Sir  Gordon  Wolseley,  Madame 
Grondahl  Backer,  Mrs.  Joseph  Chamberlain,  Mrs.  Cyril  Flower,  Mrs.  Grim- 
wood  (The  heroine  of  Manipur),  Royal  Normal  Colleges  for  the  Blind, 
Principal  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  Oxford  Musical  Union,  Oxford 
Musical  Club,  Royal  Amateur  Orchestra  Society  (Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
President),  University  College  Musical  Society,  General  Barwell,  Major 
W.  Carpenter,  Admiral  Corbett,  Captain  Cresswell,  Colonel  Stanley  Clarke, 
General  Darling,  Colonel  H.  E.    Davidson,    Colonel   Gourand,    Major   Mc- 


130  THE   SUN'S   GuIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Creagh,  Colonel  Montague,  Dr.  Russell  Reynolds,  A.  C.  de  Rothschild,  Dr. 
Villiers  Stanford,  W.  C.  Cazalet,  Cor  de  Lass. 

On  the  continent  of  Europe  the  Steinway  Pianos  have  met  with  an  equally 
enthusiastic  reception,  and  these  famous  instruments  have  been  supplied  to 
almost  every  court.  The  latest  instance  of  the  favor  with  which  they  have 
been  received  is  a  patent  conferred  upon  Mr.  William  Steinway  by  The 
Emperor  of  Germany  in  his  capacity  as  King  of  Prussia.  A  photographic 
fac-simile  of  this  document  appears  on  the  opposite  page.  Translated 
from  the  somewhat  old  fashioned  Court  German  in  which  it  is  couched 
into  modern  English,  it  reads  as  follows  : — 
• 

<£}\$  ^ttiljeSittJ  ®fte  §Mttfl  has  by  means  of  the  highest  decree  of 

the  13th  of  June,  1892,  most  graciously 
(femnttb  to  the  pianoforte  manufacturer,  William  Steinway,  in 
New  York,  the  title  of  Royal-Court  Pianoforte  maker,  and 
moreover  the  most  high  grant  of  this  present  patent,  bearing 
the  impress  of  the  Royal  seal,  is  issued  only  to  his  own  person 
and  to  the  business  now  engaged  in  by  him. 

&jnts  ^ttxttb,  Berlin,  the  13th  of  June,  1892,  the  Minister  of  the 

Royal  House.     Signed  :  Wedell. 
Patent  for  the  Pianoforte  manufacturer,  William   Steinway,   in 

New  York,   as  Royal-Court  Pianoforte  maker. 

These  facts  are  mentioned  because  the  members  of  the  nobility  in 
Europe  are  usually  well  trained  in  music,  and  therefore  their  adoption  of  a 
piano  is  a  testimonial  to  its  excellence.  The  verdict  of  professional  musicians 
is  also  in  favor  of  the  Steinway  instrument.  Patti  says  it  is  "peerless;" 
Minnie  Hauk,  "the  finest  in  the  world;"  Etelka  Gerster,  "the  most  desir- 
able and  certainly  the  best  to  accompany  the  voice  ;"  Emma  Nevada,  "none 
can  compare  with  the  Steinway  ;"  Franz  Liszt,  "a  harmonic  totality  of  ad- 
mirable qualities  ;'  Wagner,  "a  noble  work  of  art;"  Rubinstein,  "unri- 
valled;" Berlioz,  "excellent  and  rare;"  Charles  Gounod,  "aided  and  in- 
spired by  its  powerful  and  delicate  vibrations;"  Anton  Seidl,  "a  master- 
work  ;"  and  Paderewski,  "  ideal  beauty  of  tone,  and  perfection  of  touch  and 
mechanism." 

Since  its  first  victory  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  1855,  the  Steinway  piano 
has  been  exhibited  at  all  the  great  expositions  that  have  been  held,  and  in- 
variably has  been  awarded  the  highest  prizes. 

Above  all,  the  public  has  set  its  seal  of  approval  upon  these  instruments 
by  buying  upwards  of  seventy-five  thousand  of  them  m  less  than  forty 
years,  a  record  unapproached  by  any  other  manufacturers, 


kjZw  UuCiw^4u4t-$u£ 


X*r&***, 


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J^eA^  **■*»••**'• 


13U  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Several  of  the  men  who  laid  the  foundations  of  the  house  of  Steinway 
have  been  gathered  to  their  fathers,  but  their  work  is  effectually  carried  on 
by  the  survivors  and  men  of  the  second  and  third  generations.  There 
is  none  more  looked  up  to  and  respected  than  the  present  head  of  the  house, 
William  Steinway.  Twice  he  has  been  offered  a  nomination  as  mayor  of 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  repeatedly  mentioned  as  candidate  for  governor 
of  the  state.  Many  other  offices,  elective  and  in  the  gift  of  his  party,  have 
been  offered  him,  but  he  has  always  refused  even  to  entertain  a  proposition 
of  this  kind.  Yet  he  has  never  shirked  any  of  the  burdens  of  citizenship, 
and  has  given  much  of  his  time  and  labor  to  the  promotion  of  National  as 
well  as  New  York's  interests.  An  important  committee  is  hardly  considered 
complete  unless  he  is  a  member.  Recently  he  has  given  almost  a  whole 
year  of  his  time  to  studying  and  solving  the  rapid  transit  problem,  acting 
as  chairman  of  the  Mayor's  commissioners. 

In  addition  he  is  a  director  in  a  number  of  financial  institutions,  is  identi- 
fied with  the  government  of  several  large  charities,  and  is  ex-president  of 
the  Liederkranz,  and  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Piano 
Makers'  Association.  His  liberality  may  be  judged  by  the  fact  that  his  sub- 
scription for  $50,000  was  one  of  the  first  received  by  the  World's  Fair  Fund 
of  New  York.  When  Chicago  was  decided  upon  as  the  site  of  the  Fair  he 
subscribed  $20,000  to  its  fund. 

Mr.  George  A.  Steinway  is  the  oldest  son  of  Mr.  William  Steinway, 
bat  was  not  admitted  as  a  partner  until  he  had  served  a  thorough  appren- 
ticeship. Like  his  father  he  is  associated  with  many  outside  institutions 
and  is  Vice-President  of  the  Queens  County  Bank,  Long  Island  City,  and 
a  director  in  the  Union  Square  Bank,  New  York. 

Mr.  Charles  H.  Steinway,  who  is  a  son  of  the  late  Charles  Steinway, 
attends  rather  to  the  financial  than  the  manufacturing  end  of  the  business, 
although,  like  his  brother,  F.  T.  Steinway  and  his  cousins,  he  has  served  his 
time  at  the  bench  in  the  Steinway  factories.  He  enjoys  a  high  reputation 
in  financial  circles  and  is  a  director  of  the  Pacific  Bank  and  Vice-President 
of  the  Citizens  Savings  Bank. 

Mr.  Frederick  T.  Steinway,  brother  of  the  last  mentioned  gentleman, 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Columbia  College  School  of  Mines,  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  authorities  in  this  country  on  metals  and  woods.  He 
is  a  great  element  of  strength  in  the  manufacturing  department  of  the 
house. 

Mr.  Henry  Ziegler  is  a  grandson  of  the  late  Henry  Steinway  and  the 
possessor  of  a  high  order  of  inventive  genius,  and  does  much  to  keep  the 
Steinway  piano  in  the  van  of  the  march  of  improvement.  His  scientific 
knowledge  of  piano  construction  in  all  its  complicated  details  is  second  to 
none  in  the  trade. 


THE  FINE  ARTS.  13S 

Mr.  Charles  F.  Tretbar  has  been  associated  with  the  house  as  employee 
and  partner  for  twenty-seven  years.  During  most  of  this  time  he  has  had 
control  of  the  art  department.  His  acquaintance  with  artists  is  world-wide 
and  his  experience  in  managing  them  makes  certain  the  success  of  any  con- 
cert tour  he  arranges.  No  other  manager  has  had  a  more  phenomenal 
success.  His  last  year's  record  with  Paderewski  is  only  one  of  his  many 
triumphs. 

Mr.  Nahum  Stetson  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  the  willingness  of  the 
house  to  recognize  merit.  He  entered  the  service  of  Steinway  and  Sons  in 
1876  as  a  clerk,  became  a  salesman,  then  manager  of  the  sales  department, 
and  has  been  for  some  years  a  partner.  Although  a  musician  and  com- 
poser of  note,  he  has  none  of  the  erratic  qualities  supposed  to  be  inseparable 
from  genuis,  but  is  a  remarkably  clear  sighted,  cool  headed  man  of  business. 
It  is  his  part  to  sell  pianos,  and  he  does  it  with  a  perfectly  phenomenal  suc- 
cess.    He  is  secretary  of  the  Piano   Manufacturers'  Association. 

From  these  notes  it  will  be  seen  that  the  personality  of  the 
members  of  the  house  is  individually  very  strong,  but  especially  so  in 
combination.  Each  fills  a  part  where  the  others  might  fail.  No  stronger 
business  association  exists  in  the  country. 


jfOcRCHITEGTUF^E. 


A  Running   Review  of  the   Architecturally    Notable    Buildings   in    New 

York. 


The  architecture  of  the  city  of  New  York  has  been  chiefly  affected  by 
two  things — the  mixed  nationality  from  which  her  citizens  have  descended 
and  the  narrowness  of  the  island  on  which  the  town  is  built.  The  place  has 
passed  through  four  architectural  phases — the  Dutch  phase,  now  absolutely 
vanished,  characterized  by  low  houses  with  steep  roofs  and  "crow  step" 
gables,  little  panes  of  glass,  and  stoops  before  the  doors,  and  the  English  phase 
of  the  Georges,  marked  by  the  use  of  Renaissance  columns,  heavy  florid  deco- 
ration in  stone  along  and  above  the  eaves,  portals  of  some  magnificence  and 
rounded  fronts  of  brick.  For  public  buildings  a  French  variety  of  the  clas- 
sic Renaissance  was  in  order.  A  third  phase  was  the  Brown  Stone  epoch, 
out  of  which  the  city  is  now  emerging,  while  the  Romanesque  or  Yellow 
Brick  and  Terra  Cotta  is  that  in  which  we  are  now.  Examples  of  the 
Dutch  period  no  longer  exist;  a  few  rare  specimens  of  the  Georgian  era  may 
be  found,  but,  as  Mayor  Philip  Hone  confided  to  his  voluminous  Diary  be- 
fore the  year  1840,  New  York  was  even  then  pulling  itself  down  and  building 
itself  up  afresh  on  an  average  once  in  every  ten  years. 

The  stream  of  people  of  different  nationalities  which  began  in  16 10 
made  New  York  two  centuries  ago  what  it  is  to-day,  a  world-city  or  cos- 
mopolis,  and  prevented  an  exclusively  Dutch,  English  or  French  look  to  its 
streets;  this  we  learn  from  travellers  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries.  The  narrowness  of  the  island  between  North  and  East  Rivers 
caused  land  to  rise  to  a  great  price  at  an  early  period,  and  in  recent  times  the 
cost  of  land  grew  so  high  that  buildings  of  an  ordinary  and,  as  it  seemed, 
safe  number  of  stories  no  longer  returned  a  profit  to  the  owner.  Inventive- 
ness of  architects  then  stepped  in.  It  was  determined  to  obtain  in  height 
the  space  that  could  not  be  procured  on  the  surface.  The  steam  elevator 
having  been  invented,  the  city  was  ready  for  the  huge  business  and  apart- 
ment buildings  which  to-day  present  so  notable  a  feature  in  the  townscape. 
The  lofty  piles  seen  near  Central  Park  or  when  one  approaches  from  the 
3ay  are  part  of  the  Yellow  Brick  and  Terra  Cotta  epoch  in  which  we  are. 


ARCHITECTURE.  135 

The  fashion  of  tall  buildings  which  was  born  in  New  York  to  meet  a  neces- 
sity has  been  taken  up  in  Chicago,  where  there  is  space  and  to  spare,  and 
carried  out  on  the  scale  of  Western  largeness.  In  New  York  the  business 
buildings  in  lower  Broadway  and  Wall  street  are  lofty  enough  to  give  the 
city  quite  another  aspect  from  its  appearance  twenty  years  ago. 

Approaching  from  the  sea  by  the  Narrows,  the  lower  city  has  an  aspect 
that  few  capitals  present.  On  a  golden  autumn  morning  while  the  mists 
still  linger  about  the  rivers,  the  Liberty,  lifting  her  torch  through  wreaths 
of  fog,  and  the  long  line  of  the  bridge  connecting  Brooklyn  with  the  city 
running  its  wonderful  low  curve  from  and  into  a  bank  of  fog,  the  city  of 
New  York  greets  a  foreigner  like  those  magic  towns  one  reads  of  in  the  Ara- 
bian Nights.  The  square  Florentine  tower  of  the  Produce  Exchange  soar- 
ing above  the  solid  main  building,  the  conical  towers  of  the  Cotton  Ex- 
change, yellowish  among  the  red  brick,  the  fantastic  outline  of  the  roof  of 
the  huge  Washington  office  building  on  Battery  Park,  and  the  big  structures 
for  business  in  Broadway  just  above  Bowling  Green  almost  screening 
the  spire  of  Trinity  Church,  give  great  variety  of  outline  and  color  to  the 
scene.  Near  by,  the  roofs  and  towers  of  the  Barge  Office  are  red  and  gray 
against  the  dark-green  foliage  of  Battery  Park,  and  the  steam  cars  of  the 
Elevated  can  perhaps  be  detected  skimming,  as  it  seems,  among  the  branches. 
To  right  and  left  emerge  the  spars  of  ocean-going  sail  craft  and  the 
tall  funnels  of  steamers  that  ply  on  the  Hudson  and  Long  Island  Sound. 
The  architecture,  as  well  as  the  world  of  ferryboats,  ocean  steamships,  tugs, 
barges  and  yachts,  indicates  a  lively  population  accustomed  to  command  the 
resources  of  the  best  architects  and  engineers  and  of  capitalists  with  the 
largest  views. 

New  York  has  architectural  attractions  in  abundance,  far  more,  in  fact, 
than  one  can  consider  in  a  chapter;  but  it  has  comparatively  few  places 
where  fine  architecture  is  concentrated  in  one  spot,  so  that  the  fact  is  often 
overlooked  and  habitually  underrated. 

The  Battery  Zone. 

Battery  Place,  Bowling  Green  and  Whitehall  offer,  in  addition  to  the 
Barge  Office  and  Washington  building,  already  mentioned  (the  latter 
erected  by  the  late  Cyrus  W.  Field)  the  Army  building,  No.  37  Whitehall, 
a  specimen  of  the  designs  sent  out  by  the  National  Supervising  Architect 
in  Washington,  D.  C,  suggestive  of  an  armory;  the  row  of  fine  old  resi- 
dences facing  north  on  Bowling  Green,  which  are  now  given  up  to  offices 
of  various  steamship  lines,  and  the  vast  parallelogram  of  the  Produce  Ex- 
change. This  immense  edifice  of  red  pressed  brick,  with  high  reliefs  in  red 
terra  cotta,  was  designed  by  George  B.  Post.  The  Florentine  tower  with 
clock  faces  does  noi  rise  from  the  roof,  but  is  a  structure  by  itself  behind 


136  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

the  Exchange.  At  the  corner  of  Morris  street,  and  at  the  proper  entrance 
to  Broadway,  stands  on  the  left  the  Columbia  building  with  turrets  and  a 
steep  roof  dotted  agreeably  with  dormer  windows.  On  the  right  the  Welles 
building  of  granite  (18  Broadway)  designed  by  the  Shaw  Brothers  ,and  the 
tall  Standard  Oil  offices  climb  the  gentle  ascent  from  Bowling  Green  into 
Broadway.  It  is  on  Bowling  Green  that  the  new  Custom  House  is  to 
stand  when  the  government  has  sold  the  present  structure  in  Wall  Street. 

South  William  Street  where  Beaver  crosses  it  affords  a  number  of  re- 
markable buildings,  such  as  the  Cotton  Exchange  of  yellow  brick,  with 
its  extinguisher  roof  turrets  and  semicircular  swell-fronts  to  correspond, 
its  stained  glass  window  and  fine  hall  for  the  transaction  of  business.  A 
restaurant  in  a  building  of  no  little  beauty  stands  opposite  on  Beaver 
street  ;  it  is  the  downtown  branch  of  Delmonico  and  retains  certain  col- 
umns of  the  former  structure  on  the  same  site.  Toward  the  East  River, 
past  the  old  Cotton  Exchange  of  brownstone,  in  the  middle  of  a  square  at 
Coenties  Slip,  is  a  red  brick  engine  house  with  gables  crowned  by  crowsteps, 
designed  by  Le  Brun  &  Son,  which  reflects  in  some  degree  the  vanished 
Dutch  architecture  of  New  Amsterdam.  Northward  on  William  Street, 
toward  the  Custom  House,  a  fine  building  by  Clinton  of  whitish  stone  fol- 
lows the  curve  of  the  street ;  it  is  the  Farmer's  Loan  and  Trust  Company. 

The  Wall  Street  Zone. 

Eastward  in  the  same  zone  of  the  city,  on  Beaver  and  Broad  streets, 
near  Broadway,  are  many  new  tall  edifices  which  require  the  elevator. 
Following  northward  along  Broadway  one  finds  on  the  left  Aldrich  Court 
(45  Broadway)  a  magnificent  structure  for  offices,  built  of  gray  carved  stone 
and  red  brick  for  the  Langdon  estate,  with  Celtic  knot  decorations  and  a 
turning  stair  in  a  recessed  porch.  On  the  right  is  the  curious  Tower  build- 
ing, very  narrow  and  tall,  the  front  treated  by  the  architect  Bradford  L. 
Gilbert  as  if  it  were  a  tower  indeed.  The  entrance  decorated  with  Celtic 
knot  ornament  encloses  three  stories ;  a  fourth  story  is  lit  by  square  win- 
dows in  the  granite  base  of  the  tower.  At  night  the  heavy  iron  gates  are 
closed.  The  shaft  of  the  tower  contains  five  stories,  the  belvedere  two.  A 
certain  air,  half  martial,  half  church  tower,  like  the  Irish  round  towers, 
suggests  cross-bows  and  helmeted  defenders  of  ecclesiastical  property. 
On  the  corner  of  Tinpot  Alley  the  office  building,  No.  55  Broadway  is  an 
agreeable  variation  on  the  big  gray  structures;  it  is  of  red  brick  and  terra 
cotta,  and  was  designed  with  much  cleverness  in  details  by  Babb,  Cook 
and  Willard.  Opposite,  on  the  corner  of  Exchange  Place,  stands  the 
Petroleum  and  Stock  Exchange  in  modified  Romanesque,  noticeable  for  its 
broad,  square  stone  tower  and  its  mixture  of  soft-toned  stone  with  brick. 
Farther  on  to  the  right  we  come  to  one  of  the  handsomest  facades  in  New 


ARCHITECTURE.  IS? 

York,  that  of  the  Union  Trust  Company,  very  similar  in  its  granite  and 
gray  lime-stone  and  the  scheme  of  its  design  to  the  Times  building,  and 
planned  in  the  office  of  the  same  architect,  George  B.  Post.  An  error  was 
made  in  the  New  street  back  for  this  building,  by  using  buff  brick,  but  so 
far  as  the  Broadway  front  goes  the  proportions  of  this  front,  the  mass  of 
the  roof  compared  with  the  mass  of  the  lower  parts,  the  number  and  ar- 
rangement of  the  arches  that  frame  several  stories  at  once,  the  relative  size 
of  its  portal — all  these  points  are  so  nicely  adjusted  that  the  facade  is  a 
pleasant  one  to  contemplate.  It  looks  out  on  the  lower  part  of  Trinity 
churchyard. 

Trinity  Church  was  rebuilt  at  the  end  of  the  last  century  to  take  the 
place  of  the  structure  burnt  in  1776.  while  the  British  troops  occupied  the 
city.  In  1839  this  structure  was  pulled  down,  and  rebuilt  by  Upjohn  in  1846. 
It  is  at  present  the  finest  specimen  of  English  Gothic  in  the  country,  almost 
flawless  of  its  kind,  unless  the  flying  buttresses  about  the  chapels  and  choir 
might  be  thought  by  a  devotee  of  the  sincere  to  be  unnecessary  to  the  sup- 
port of  the  choir  walls.  The  spire  is  284  feet  high,  and  uncommonly  beau- 
tiful of  outline,  and  the  portals  are  neither  too  small  nor  too  large  for  the 
edifice.  This  well-designed  and  impressive  structure  of  brown  sandstone, 
though  small  compared  with  churches  built  since  its  day,  is  the  parent 
Church  of  a  host  of  others  in  the  City.  It  is  the  oldest  corporation  next  to 
the  Dutch  Reformed  and  its  revenues  not  applied  to  charity  have  done 
much  to  beautify  the  City  with  churches  and  chapels. 

The  quarter  east  of  Broadway,  containing  upper  Broad,  "Wall,  Pine  and 
Nassau  streets,  is  remarkable  for  the  great  size  and  variety  of  its  recent 
buildings  for  offices  and  certain  public  structures  of  much  earlier  date.  In 
Wall  street  the  Custom  House  is  conspicuous  for  its  double  rank  of  immense 
fluted  columns,  granite  monoliths  which  produce  a  dark  and  cavernous  por- 
tal at  the  top  of  a  large  flight  of  steps.  The  classical  architecture,  modified 
to  a  certain  extent  by  the  French  style  of  the  First  Empire,  is  more  or  less 
lost  by  the  narrowness  of  Wall  Street  and  the  lack  of  space  about.  It  is  a 
heavy -browed  building  of  dark  granite,  erected  by  Isaiah  Rogers  in  1836- 
1842,  for  an  exchange  for  merchants,  which  with  age  takes  on  a  gloomier 
tint,  but  the  rotunda  forms  an  interesting  architectural  example.  Visitors 
to  the  City  will  hardly  fail  to  experience  the  sensations  afforded  by  the  vast 
columns  as  one  enters  and  the  sense  of  spaciousness  conveyed  by  an  unob- 
structed view  from  the  marble  slabs  on  the  floor  of  the  rotunda  up  to  the 
dome  and  the  lantern.  Another  antique  design  of  the  French  First  Em- 
pire is  shown  by  the  Sub-Treasury  at  Wall  and  Nassau  streets,  looking  down 
Broad.  This  is  almost  purely  Greek,  and  owing  to  the  higher  level  of  Pine 
street,  on  which  its  rear  abuts  to  the  north,  the  front  looking  south  is  ap- 
proachedby  wide,  high  stairs,  in  the  centre  of  which  stands  the  colossal  bronze 


138  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Washington  by  J.  Q.  A.  Ward.  The  Sub-Treasury  has  the  merit  of  seeming 
a  strong-box  in  its  straight,  Doric  lines,  simple  parts  and  lack  of  windows. 
It  has  two  porticos  of  eight  Doric  colums  of  marble  each,  and  a  rotunda, 
supported  within  on  16  Corinthian  columns.  John  Frazee  the  sculptor  has 
his  name  on  this  building  as  architect.  Upper  Broad  Street,  which  in  the 
Dutch  period  was  a  place  for  markets,  and  had  a  canal  reaching  well  up 
the  centre  from  the  East  River,  is  now  remarkable  for  the  Edison  Building, 
with  a  German  Renaissance  front  by  Carrere  and  Hastings;  the  Mills 
Building,  designed  by  George  B.  Post,  with  a  deeply  indented  front  to 
give  light  to  innumerable  suites  of  offices;  the  Stock  Exchange,  white  mar- 
ble below,  polished  granite  above,  somewhat  ornamental  with  columns  and 
gilded  decorations,  and  the  Drexel  Building  of  white  marble  on  the  corner 
of  Wall  Street. 

Wall  street  itself,  especially  the  stretch  between  Broadway  and  William 
street,  is  crowded  with  lofty  structures,  of  which  Nos.  43-47  on  the  south 
side  is  conspicuous  for  its  fagade  of  chocolate  and  light  buff  stone  in  a 
Romanesque  style,  and  No.  46,  the  Bank  of  America,  opposite,  for  a  more 
sober  style  of  architecture,  very  massive  and  beautiful.  This  structure  has 
another  facade  on  Pine  street.  Other  office  buildings  in  Wall  street  worth 
examining  are,  the  United  Bank,  No.  2,  designed  by  Peabody  and 
Stearns;  the  Astor,  No.  10;  the  Gallatin  Bank,  by  J.  C.  Cady,  and  the 
United  States  Trust,  near  the  corner  of  William  street,  by  Gibson.  Also 
the  Holland  Trust  at  New  street  with  some  architectural  pretensions  and 
the  Morton  building  on  the  other  corner  with  a  good  deal  more.  On  the 
same  side  comes  next  the  very  large  and  handsome  Wilks  building  in  a 
Romanesque  style,  curving  round  the  corner  into  Broad.  It  is  of  grey 
stone.  Beside  the  Sub-Treasury  opposite  stands  the  curious  antiquated 
United  States  Assay  Office,  followed  by  the  Gallatin  Bank  already  men- 
tioned, the  handsome  and  solid  building  of  the  Manhattan  and  Merchants' 
Banks,  but  somewhat  crushed-looking  as  to  its  lowest  story  (a  design  of 
Wheeler  Smith)  and  the  building  of  the  Bank  of  America  by  Cady.  On 
the  opposite  or  south  side  of  Wall  St. ,  there  stand  next,  the  light  and  dark 
brown  Romanesque  building  for  the  United  States  Trust,  the  tall  facade 
of  the  Leather  Manufacturer's  and  the  National  Bank.  Farther  down  Wall 
street  opposite  the  Custom  House  is  the  Bank  of  New  York. 

The  Equitable  Zone. 

Broadway  from  Wall  street  up  to  the  City  Hall  Park  is  thickly  set  with 
great  piles  of  architecture,  mostly  office  buildings.  The  Equitable  Life  Assur- 
ance Building  is  one  of  the  sights  of  the  city.  Designed  very  soberly  of  gray 
granite  and  carrying  above  the  chief  entrance  in  Broadway  a  group  of 
statuary  symbolising  the  benefits  of  life  insurance,  the  Equitable  is  remark- 


ARCHITECTURE.  189 

able  for  the  sumptuousness  of  its  halls  and  apartments.  The  great  marble 
hall  of  entrance  is  covered  with  a  barrel  roof  with  stained  glass  by  Lathrop, 
and  has  at  its  end  a  large  stone  mosaic  by  Lathrop  to  decorate  a  semicir- 
cular wall.  The  lavish  use  of  marbles  of  differing  hues  for  dadoes,  newel- 
posts,  stairways  and  moldboards  gives  extraordinary  brilliancy  to  the  various 
halls,  while  the  Cafe  Savarin  and  the  Lawyers  Club  restaurant  are  bright 
with  colored  marbles,  artistic  iron  work,  and  gilding  cleverly  disposed. 
This  huge  building  covers  almost  the  whole  block  bounded  by  Broadway, 
Nassau,  Pine  and  Cedar  streets.     It  was  designed  by  Geo.  B.  Post. 

Notable  for  the  bright  look  of  its  pale  buff  stone  is  the  Chatham 
National  Bank  at  Broadway  and  John  street — a  Romanesque  affair.  The 
Evening  Post  Building  stands  at  Fulton  street,  nearly  opposite  the  new 
home  of  the  Mail  and  Express,  a  structure  with  a  narrow  fagade  of  a  very 
elaborated  sort — Germanized  Italian  Renaissance — in  Broadway,  and  a 
broad,  handsome  facade  on  Fulton  street,  the  land  being  L  shaped.  This 
building  is  by  Carrere  and  Hastings.  Where  the  legs  of  the  L  meet  a  tall 
iron  belvedere  spindles  up  to  a  great  height;  the  Broadway  front  is  crowned 
by  a  slender  lantern.  Here  we  reach  old  St.  Paul's,  a  chapel  of  Trinity 
built  in  1766,  set  in  its  churchyard  with  back  to  Broadway  and  its  square 
tower  at  the  western  end.  The  Broadway  fagade  has  a  classic  porch  with 
pillars  and  pediment  with  some  statuary  set  in  it.  The  style  is  the  heavy 
English  Romanesque  of  the  Georgian  period.  Opposite  stand  the  New 
York  Herald,  which  is  about  to  quit  its  building  for  a  Romanesque  Italian 
structure  of  three  stories  at  Broadway  and  35th  street,  designed  by  McKim, 
Mead  &  White.  Just  above  is  the  Astor  House,  once  a  hostelry  not  less 
noted  for  its  architecture  than  its  rank  as  a  hotel,  but  now  sunk  in  the 
progress  of  the  city  to  a  building  almost  bald  in  its  unpretentious  simplicity. 
West  of  Broadway,  in  the  zone  between  Wall  street  and  City  Hall  Park, 
there  are  remarkable  buildings;  near  Trinity  church,  the  schools  of  that 
great  corporation — designed  in  the  modern  English  style  of  ecclesiastical 
work — and  the  high,  narrow  Havemeyer  building,  Church,  Cortland  and  Dey 
streets.  East  of  Broadway  the  beautiful  building  of  the  Mutual  Life  In- 
surance Company  by  Clinton  occupies  the  old  site  of  the  Post  Office;  its 
proportions  are  fine  and  its  inner  appointments  in  excellent  taste.  Near 
it,  on  the  corner  of  Liberty,  is  the  Bryan  building  designed  by  Bloor, 
separated  from  the  Real  Estate  Exchange  by  an  alley. 

Pine  street  has  a  series  of  buildings  erected  by  Fire  Insurance 
Companies:  the  Lancashire  near  the  Sub-Treasury  in  a  variegated  Pisan 
Romanesque  style  by  J.  C.  Cady,  very  tall  and  narrow;  the  Liverpool, 
London  and  Globe,  with  another  front  on  William  street,  and  the  Hoyt 
building  by  Snook,  granite  below  and  pale  brick  above,  an  entrance  in  an 
arched  recess  and  a  big  shallow  pediment  for  a  top  story.     Farther  east  in 


140  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Pine  street  is  the  pretty  facade  in  buff,  brick  and  terra  cotta  and  brown 
stone,  of  the  Down  Town  Club,  a  Romanesque  affair  by  C.  C.  Haight. 
Maiden  Lane  has  a  large,  new  structure  in  the  Hays  building  by  Thomas 
— rough  and  hammered  granite  below,  pale  brick  with  brick-engaged  col- 
umns above.  Continuing  on  the  east  side  northward  to  the  depression  of 
the  old  Beekman  swamp  where  the  leather  merchants  congregate,  one  sees 
a  fine  building  of  reddish  and  brownish  stone,  erected  by  the  Shoe  & 
Leather  Bank,  towering  up  from  massive  foundations  out  of  the  heart  of 
the  "swamp."  In  this  quarter,  in  Pearl  street,  is  the  immense  printing 
establishment  of  Harper  &  Brothers,  less  remarkable  for  its  architecture 
than  its  size.  At  Fulton  and  William  streets  is  the  Market  and  Fulton 
National  Bank  designed  in  the  Romanesque  style  of  Richardson  by  Wm. 
B.  Tubby. 

In  West  street  at  the  foot  of  Liberty  a  handsome  granite  and  marble 
building  has  been  raised  by  the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad  Company  to 
accommodate  its  offices,  being  almost  the  first  building  of  a  high  class 
architecturally  to  invade  the  commercial  squalor  of  West  street.  North  is 
Washington  Market,  a  low  building  covering  an  entire  block,  which  has 
modest  pretensions  to  architecture.  On  the  other  side  of  the  city,  at  the 
foot  of  Fulton  street,  and  therefore  on  the  East  River,  is  the  Fulton  Market 
by  Douglas  Smyth,  of  brick  and  terra  cotta,  a  little  more  ornamented  with 
heads  of  animals  in  high  relief. 

The  City  Hall  Zone. 

City  Hall  Square  is  naturally  a  focus  for  important  buildings.  Coming 
up  Broadway  the  sight  of  the  municipal  and  State  buildings  is  obscured  by 
the  huge  gray  granite  structure  with  mansard  roofs  erected  for  the  General 
Post  Office  by  the  national  government.  It  is  the  design  of  the  late  Mr. 
Mullett,  a  supervising  architect  at  Washington,  D.  C.  The  lower  story 
and  porches  are  remarkable  for  columns  in  which  the  round  and  octagonal 
alternate  as  if  built  up  of  round  and  eight-sided  boxes  one  upon  the  other. 
The  site  is  nearly  triangular,  and  the  building  does  a  great  deal  to  dwarf 
the  Park  and  damage  its  former  air  of  spaciousness. 

The  City  Hall  itself,  though  the  the  tall  buildings  about  the  park  and 
the  County  Court  House  behind  cause  it  very  considerably  to  shrink,  is  a 
quaint  but  beautiful  old  shell  of  white  marble  from  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  with 
rear  of  red  sandstone.  Approaches,  stairways,  porch  and  balcony  are  very 
nobly  planned,  though  its  rotunda  with  splendid  curving  stairs  is  too  dark. 
The  disposition  of  central  body  and  wings  is  agreeable  to  a  sense  of  no- 
bility and  simplicity.  It  was  built  1803-1812  by  Macomb  and  Mangin. 
Long  ago  too  small  for  the  needs  of  the  city  government,  any  suggestion  of 
pulling  it  down  is  received  with  execrations  owing  to  its  sterling  merits 


Every  experienced  merchant  knows  that  his 
first  business  letters  were  pretty  poor  stuff. 
The  epistolary  models  he  now  dictates  are  the 
result  of  years  of  constant  practice.  Yet, 
because  he  does  write  perfect  business  com- 
munications, it  by  no  means  follows  that 
he  can  write  a  good  advertisement  or  circular. 
That  is  an  art  acquired  after  steady  work, 
only  by  those  who  have  a  special  talent  for  it. 
It  is  money  saved  to  employ  an  expert  to  do 
writing  of  this  kind,  as  any  merchanUmay 
prove,  when  next  about  to  advertise  or  issue 
a  circular,  by  applying  to 

R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company, 

211,  212,  213  Temple  Court, 
New  York, 
for  the  services  of  a  skilled  advertising  writer. 


Columbia 


-He 


Bicycles 


VAOU  may  make  a  mistake  if  you  do  not  buy 
a  COLUMBIA.  You  cannot  make  a  mistake 
buying  a  COLUMBIA.  COLUMBIAS  are  guar- 
anteed all-over !  All  kinds  in  stock,  and  Riding 
School  open  the  year  round,  at 

12  WARREN  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 


Pope  Manufacturing  Co. 


ARCHITECTURE.  141 

as  a  piece  of  architecture.  The  County  Court  House  begun  by  Kellum 
and  continued  by  Leopold  Eidlitz  shows  the  evil  of  enlarging  a  building 
without  following  out  the  original  design.  It  is  a  very  large  structure  and 
has  some  fine  details  but  lacks  coherency  and  the  fine  impression  of  a 
rounded,  well-pondered  structure.  A  curious  survival  of  old  times  is  the 
plain  box  with  columned  porch  called  the  Hall  of  Records,  placed  eastward 
of  the  City  Hall. 

In  this  quarter  is  the  largest  knot  of  newspaper  buildings.  The  Staats 
Zeitung's  is  a  gray  granite  structure  of  an  indefinite  style,  at  the  corner  of 
old  Chatham  street  and  Centre.  The  World  Building  rises  to  a  giddy 
height  near  the  approaches  to  the  Brooklyn  Bridge ;  its  elaborate  front 
covered  with  male  caryatids,  colonnades  and  niches  for  statues,  its  lofty 
roof  on  which  a  gilded  dome  is  placed  with  no  attention  to  symmetry,  its  ir- 
regular shape  and  its  sheer,  undecorated  walls  on  the  east  side,  where  no 
buildings  do  or  ever  can  screen  its  nakedness,  made  this  structure  archi- 
tecturally one  of  the  most  chaotic  in  the  city.  Yet  it  is  by  George  B.  Post, 
designer  of  the  Union  Trust  Company's  building  already  remarked  for  its 
beauty.  Separated  by  narrow  Frankfort  street  is  the  plain  little  nest  of  the 
New  York  Sun,  quite  overtopped  by  the  World's  pile  and  the  Tribune's 
building.  The  latter,  of  red  brick  banded  and  spotted  with  whitish  stone, 
is  in  the  recent  French  villa  style  with  turreted  lantern  and  was  designed 
in  the  office  of  Richard  M.  Hunt.  Next  comes  the  Times  building  of  light 
granite  and  limestone  rising  on  the  irregular  space  where  Nassau  street 
runs  into  Park  Row;  the  Potter  and  the  Times  buildings  together  cover  the 
entire  block,  and  behind  these  are  the  towers  of  Temple  Court.  The  Times 
is  of  light  gray  limestone  of  a  pleasing  tint  and  is,  with  the  Union  Trust 
building,  the  sequel  to  the  architect's  experience  with  the  Times,  one  of 
the  most  successful  pieces  of  work  of  its  kind  in  the  city.  It  shows 
inferiority  to  the  Union  Trust  by  the  excessive  smallness  and  architectural 
insignificance  of  its  three  entrances;  but  the  disposition  of  its  stories,  the 
severity  of  its  dormered  roofs,  the  proportions  of  its  large-arch  openings  in 
relation  to  other  parts  of  the  design,  the  upspringing  effect  of  its  piers  and 
tall  window  frames,  the  richness  of  its  three  facades  with  almost  excessive 
economy  of  decorations,  mark  it  apart  from  most  of  the  tall  buildings  with 
which  it  rivals  as  to  size.  All  these  large  buildings  for  journals,  however, 
are  designed  to  be  occupied  in  but  small  measure  by  the  newspapers  them- 
selves; they  are  stacks  of  general  offices,  and  as  such  do  not  present  outside 
any  special  journalistic  feature,  unless  we  may  call  the  World's  gilded 
dome  indicative  of  the  editorial  offices,  and  the  severe  roof  of  the  Times 
meant  to  notify  the  presence  of  a  composing  room. 

Among  the  buildings  facing  City  Hall  Park,  No.  245  Broadway  is  note- 
worthy owing  to  its  Hollandish  front  with  stepped  gable,  a  revival  of  the 


142  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

fashions  of  New  Amsterdam  applied  to  tall  buildings  which  may  be  found 
here  and  there  at  other  points  of  the  city;  by  its  narrowness  and  height  it 
recalls  house-fronts  on  canals  in  the  old  portions  of  Amsterdam  in  Hol- 
land. 

The  cars  of  the  Fourth  avenue  surface  line  run  north  from  the  City  Hall 
at  the  end  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  and  soon  pass  on  the  left  the  Tombs, 
as  it  is  popularly  called,  a  large  but  not  lofty  structure,  by  Havi- 
land  [1838]  in  an  Egyptian  style  adapted  to  modern  purposes.  The 
pylons  before  a  temple  on  the  Nile  are  suggested  by  the  front  to 
right  and  left  of  a  portico,  to  which  access  is  had  by  a  broad  flight 
of  steps.  The  pillars  of  the  portico  are  carved  in  the  lotus  bud  shape  as  to 
their  capitals,  and  in  the  shaft  have  the  characteristic  swellings  and  bands. 
This  adaptation  of  the  ideas  of  ancient  Egyptians  has  been  successful;  for 
the  "Hall  of  Justice"  as  it  was  called  in  1838  has  always  ex- 
ercised a  certain  effect  on  the  imagination  of  the  criminal  classes 
of  New  York  because  of  its  sombre  and  forbidding  aspect.  Just  north 
on  the  same  side,  the  new  structure  for  criminal  law  courts  is  not  yet 
completed,  but  its  walls  suggest  a  building  of  a  Viennese  type.  The  main 
entrance  is  by  a  broad  flight  of  stops  through  a  porch  on  Centre  street,  be- 
tween two  advanced  wings;  each  of  these  wings  has  in  front  a  shallow 
curved  niche,  with  decorative  faces  and  foliage  carved  in  low  relief  as  a 
background  for  seated  statues  of  Law  and  Justice  on  pedestals.  The  law 
courts  are  designs  by  Thorn,  Wilson  &  Schaarschmidt  after  German 
Romanesque.  They  will  be  joined  to"  the  Tombs  by  a  veritable  "bridge 
of  sighs"  across  the  side  street  which  runs  between  them;  the  bridge 
springs  from  the  second  stories  respectively,  so  that  prisoners  may  pass 
directly  to  and  from  the  cells  and  the  court  rooms.  The  wings  terminate 
in  pediments  above  a  fifth  story,  each  pediment  filled  with  statuary.  In 
this  vicinity  in  Centre  street  is  a  business  building  occupied  by  Hanan  & 
Son,  manufacturers  of  shoes,  which  is  very  unobtrusive  but  uncommonly 
handsome  when  examined;  it  is  by  Babb,  Cook  &  Willard. 

The  stretch  of  Broadway  from  City  Park  to  Astor  Place  contains  cer 
tain  notable  edifices  but  not  many.  The  New  York  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany, by  Griffith  Thomas,  a  granite  structure  in  French  Renaissance,  if 
conspicuous  on  the  east  side  for  an  animal  group  over  the  broken  pedi- 
ment that  surmounts  its  portal.  An  eagle  is  feeding  her  eaglets.  Above 
Canal  Street,  on  the  same  side,  the  reddish  sandstone  corner  building  of  tho 
Manhattan  Savings  Institution  is  noticeable  for  its  strongly-marked 
Romanesque  features.  To  the  east  of  Broadway  in  Bleecker  street  is  the 
old  classic  front  of  the  Bleecker  Street  Savings  Bank,  another  survival  of  a 
bygone  style  in  architecture.  Down  Broome  to  the  east  a  glimpse  is  caught 
of  the   square  pierced  tower   of  red  brick  belonging   to   an   independent 


ARCHITECTURE.  143 

missionary  church.  But  this  section  of  the  city  is  very  bare  of  good  or 
even  curious  architecture.  Save  that  in  certain  streets  east  and  west  of 
Broadway,  now  squalid  or  shabby  genteel,  the  architect  may  often  find 
doorways,  wrought  iron  grilles  and  balconies,  fan  lights  and  carved  marble 
hearth  frames  which  belong  to  the  period  when  the  richest  citizens  con- 
sidered this  part  of  the  town  the  place  for  opulent  and  elegant  residences. 
To  the  ordinary  visitor,  however,  these  quarters,  some  of  which  have 
fallen  to  the  level  of  rookeries,  are  far  from  interesting. 

Washington  Square  Zone. 

Another  zone  of  very  notable  structures  is  at  the  latitude  of  Washington 
Square  and  Astor  Place.  On  the  south  side  of  Washington  Square  is  the 
Judson  Memorial  church,  visible  afar  by  reason  of  its  handsome  Italian 
bell  tower  which  at  night  bears  a  cross  of  light.  Much  terra  cotta  is  used 
in  this  well  proportioned  structure,  especially  for  string  pieces  and  corner 
blocks,  lines  of  horizontal  strengthening  and  framework  of  windows.  It  is 
by  McKim,  Mead  &  White.  Several  fine  apartment  buildings  line  the 
square;  thus  the  Washington  rises  on  the  west  side  at  Waverley  Place,  and 
the  Benedick,  headquarters  for  artists  owing  to  its  many  studios,  on  the  east 
side.  Near  the  latter  are  the  picturesque  gray  turrets  and  bayed  front  of 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  a  whitish  freestone,  a  Gothic 
building  with  more  associations  of  a  romantic  sort  than  any  other  in  a 
city  so  constantly  rebuilt.  It  was  designed  by  the  late  Alexander  J.  Davis, 
to  whom  Dunlap  attributes  the  design  ^f  the  present  Sub-Treasury,  first 
used  as  the  Custom  house.  Unhappily  the  University  proposes  to  pull  this 
old  pile  down  and  erect  it  again  on  new  and  spacious  grounds  beyond  the 
Harlem  River. 

Washington  Square  has  for  its  most  conspicuous  feature  the  Washington 
Memorial  Arch  designed  by  Stanford  White  and  built  by  public  subscription 
to  commemorate  at  once  the  Revolution  and  the  Father  of  his  Country.  Of 
pure  white  marble,  but  as  yet  lacking  its  groups  of  statuary,  the  arch 
glimmers  through  the  trees  as  one  descends  Fifth  Avenue,  and  can  be  seen 
to  even  better  advantage  if  one  enters  the  Square  from"  some  other  point. 
To  the  westward,  at  Sixth  avenue  and  Ninth  street,  is  the  picturesque 
Jefferson  Market  Court  House,  designed  in  the  English  Renaissance 
style  by  Withers,  adjoining  the  Market  itself,  a  two-story  red  brick  and  terra 
cotta  design  by  the  late  E.  T.  Littell.  The  illuminated  face  of  its  clock  tower  is 
visible  about  this  quarter.  On  the  blocks  east  of  Washington  square  mercantile 
buildings  have  of  late  been  rising  to  lofty  heights,  blotting  out  or  darkening 
the  old  residences;  these  and  various  apartment  houses  are  in  some  cases 
worthy  of  note.  Beyond  Broadway  to  the  east  is  Lafayette  Place,  where 
the  famous  printing  house  of  DeVinne  &  Company  ornaments  the  corner  of 


144  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Fourth  street.  This  really  beautiful  building  is  the  design  of  Babb,  Cook 
&  Willard.  Opposite  is  the  See  House  for  the  Episcopalian  Clergy,  a  white, 
pretty  box  by  Renwick,  with  strong  Venetian  influences  in  its  design.  A 
charmingly  simple  old  residence  opposite  serves  the  Aldine  Club  for  a  home, 
the  rooms  only  redecorated,  but  the  house  remaining  substantially  what  it 
was.  Farther  on  is  the  Astor  Library,  one  of  the  great  libraries  of  the  world, 
contained  in  a  sober,  massive  structure  of  brick  and  brownstone  by  Saelzer, 
somewhat  after  the  style  of  British  architecture  of  the  Georges  bu*.  more 
exactly  Romanesque  of  the  Munich  sort.  The  Mercantile  Libiary  is  chief 
tenant  of  a  handsome  building,  Clinton  Hall,  where  Asiv.  piace  and  Eighth 
street  (or  Clinton  place)  meet;  it  is  of  light  buff  bin.  and  red  sandstone,  de- 
signed by  Messrs.  Harney  and  Purdy.  Thence  eastward  one  sees  the  Cooper 
Union,  a  brownstone  edifice  of  an  indeterminate  architecture  designed  many 
years  ago  by  an  incompetent  amateur,  and  since  then  rebuilt  several  times  by 
the  philanthropist  Peter  Cooper,  to  whom  the  city  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude 
for  the  variety  of  his  benefactions,  especially  for  the  schools  which  have 
helped  many  thousands  of  youths  and  maidens  on  their  careers.  South  of  this 
building,  which  occupies  a  space  by  itself  where  the  Third  and  Fourth 
avenues  approach  each  other,  lies  the  Bowery,  whose  chief  architectural 
ornament  is  the  Dry  Dock  Bank  designed  by  Eidlitz  in  a  variegated 
Italian  Romanesque.  Eastward  of  the  Cooper  Union  in  Second  avenue,  at 
the  corner  of  Eleventh  street,  is  the  New  York  Historical  Society's  hall  by 
Mattam  and  Burke,  at  the  time  of  its  building  supposed  to  be  fire  proof,  and 
though  now  outgrown  by  the  collections  of  the  Society,  still  impressive  for 
its  stern  simplicity  within  and  without,  a  trait  which  it  shares  with  St. 
Mark's  Church  directly  opposite.  The  Historical  has  a  site  in  Central  Park 
avenue  for  a  new  home.  . 

The  lower  part  of  Fifth  avenue,  once  the  show  part  of  the  city  for  resi- 
dences, is  now  a  quarter  where  severe  respectability  struggles  against  the 
tendency  of  manufacturers  and  business  men  to  erect  business  buildings. 
The  plain  front  of  the  Brevoort  House  at  Clinton  Place  is  seen  opposite 
the  equally  plain  white  marble  residence  of  John  Taylor  Johnston  by  Bloor. 
The  church  at  Tenth  street,  the  Ascension,  belongs,  like  that  in  the  block 
between  Eleventh  and  Twelfth,  to  the  Brownstone  Epoch,  and  is  in  the 
English  Gothic  style,  but  its  lack  of  architectural  features  may  be  condoned 
for  the  sake  of  its  stained  glass.  Several  magnificent  windows  by  John 
La  Farge  are  to  be  seen  on  the  south  aisle,  and  there  are  others  by  Mait- 
land  Armstrong,  Crowninshield,  &c.  But  the  greatest  boast  of  this  little 
church  is  the  chancel  painting  by  John  La  Farge,  a  scene  of  the  ascension, 
which  is  one  of  the  finest  religious  compositions  of  modern  times. 

Where  West  Eleventh  street  stops  short  at  Broadway  stands  one  of  the 
old  fashionable  churches  of  the  city,  Grace  Church,  built  many  years  ago  in 


ARCHITECTURE.  145 

English  ecclesiastical  Gothic  by  Ren  wick.  Its  gray  spire  is  one  of  the  land- 
marks up  and  down  Bjoadway,  as  that  thoroughfare  bends  just  in  front  of 
the  church  and  continues  its  northern  course  with  a  westerly  slant.  The 
well-kept  yard  and  rectory  standing  back  from  the  street  afford  a  grateful 
glimpse  of  green  before  one  reaches  Union  Square. 

The  Union  Square  Zone. 

This  pretty  but  not  extensive  square  marks  another  zone  of  building. 
Here  is  the  Domestic  building  on  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  street  and 
Broadway,  which  in  its  day  was  a  wonder  for  its  lofty  dome.  Near  by  is 
the  great  shop  of  Tiffany  &  Company  the  jewelers,  while  the  north  side 
boasts  the  very  tall  and  narrow  Jackson  Building,  the  broader  and  lower 
edifice  of  the  Century  Company,  and  the  old,  plain  yellowish  face  of  the 
Everett  House.  Very  visible  from  the  square  is  the  Mclntyre  building 
rising  sheer  at  Eighteenth  and  Broadway,  and  the  Gorham  on  another 
corner.  At  Sixth  avenue  and  16th  street,  is  the  granite  Greenwich  Savings 
Bank,  designed  by  Gibson  with  a  good  deal  of  architectural  detail,  a  large 
entrance  and  large  hall.  Directly  adjoining,  and  even  more  elaborate  in 
architecture,  is  the  granite  Church  of  St.  Xavier,  an  enormous  structure, 
and  at  Fifth  avenue  the  pale  yellow  brick  pile  called  the  Judge  Building, 
erected  for  the  Goelet  estate  by  McKim,  Mead  &  White.  This  beautiful 
solid  edifice  is  one  of  the  finest  business  and  office  buildings  in  the  city.  In 
West  15th  street  near  Fifth  avenue  is  the  New  York  Hospital,  a  spacious 
concern  abutting  on  a  fine  old  residence,  No.  8  West  16th  street,  which  now 
forms  part  of  the  institution. 

At  20th  and  Broadway  a  highly-decorated  corner  building  for  offices 
and  shops  designed  by  McKim,  Mead  &  White  in  light  brick  and  terra 
cotta  stands  diagonally  opposite  the  big  corner  building  by  the  same  archi- 
tects, occupied  by  Archer,  Pancoast  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  gas  fixtures, 
but  designed  in  a  very  different  style.  Both  these  edifices  are  incomplete 
in  the  sense  that  their  composition  includes  an  extension  in  Broadway 
whenever  the  edifices  adjacent  can  be  removed.  To  see  the  design  as  it 
is  intended  one  must  imagine  these  extensions  to  have  been  built.  At 
Fifth  avenue  and  iSth  street  is  Chickering  Hall,  a  somewhat  decorative 
structure,  and  at  21st  street  the  big  Methodist  Book  Concern,  with  its  heavy 
lower  story  of  granite  and  its  red  brick  and  freestone  upper  works.  Here  are 
the  Union  and  Lotos  Clubs,  both  sober  brownstone  affairs,  the  former  show- 
ing a  shallow  porch  with  big  pillars  on  the  side  street.  At  Fourth  avenue 
and  22d  street  is  a  very  beautiful  new  building  called  the  United  Charities, 
the  gift  of  John  S.  Kennedy,  the  banker.  It  has  a  finely  modeled  arch 
for  entrance  and  a  roof  of  brown  tiles.  It  is  made  of  soft  brownish  stone 
and  grayish  brick,  with  the  exception  of  the  two  lower  stories  and  base- 


146  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

ment,  which  are  granite.  The  colors  of  this  well-proportioned  edifice  are 
charming.  Below  this  at  21st  street  is  Calvary  Church,  of  brown  stone,  its 
two  wooden  towers  docked,  and  further  down  at  20th  street,  after  designs 
by  Wrey  Mould,  the  Unitarian  church  of  All  Souls,  with  its  dwarf  dome 
and  its  variegated  Pisan  architecture,  red  and  white.  Up  the  avenue  at 
23d  street  is  the  white  and  dark  marble  edifice  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design,  planned  on  Venetian  lines  by  P.  B.  Wight. 

Madison  Square  Zone. 

Madison  Square  is  another  nucleus  for  buildings  of  particular  import- 
ance. Here  is  that  famous  hostelry  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  plain  of  archi- 
tecture but  imposing  through  its  mass;  here  is  the  tall  Metropolitan  office 
edifice,  Nos.  1  to  5  Madison  avenue,  with  its  sculptured  pe diments  of 
windows  and  its  side  walls  brilliant  as  porcelain  with  white  glazed  brick. 
It  is  the  design  of  N.  Le  Brun's  Sons.  The  steeple  of  Dr.  Parkhurst's 
church  next  it  forms  an  agreeable  mark  above  the  trees  of  the  square,  and 
further  on  rises  the  most  elaborate  of  all  towers  in  New  York,  if  not  the 
highest,  the  Sevillan  tower  of  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  with  its  large 
copper  Diana  on  tiptoe  by  Saint  Gaudens,  ever  letting  fly  an  arrow  in  the 
chase  as  she  veers  with  every  wind.  The  pale  yellow  brick  of  the  tower  is 
particularly  fine  in  color  at  sunset  when  one  side  is  in  shadow  and  another 
blazing  in  the  level  rays  of  the  sun.  The  Madison  Square  Garden  is  the 
latest  and  most  successful  place  of  amusement  the  city  has  known;  the 
architects  of  this  building  seem  emulous  of  Augustus  Caesar  who  found 
Rome  brick  and  left  it  marble.  They  found  New  York  brownstone  and  red 
brick;  they  bid  fair  to  leave  it  white  marble,  yellow  brick  and  terra  cotta. 
Madison  Square  Garden  is  of  yellow  brick  and  terra  cotta,  with  pillars  of 
colored  marbles,  and  slabs  of  the  same  let  into  the  fagades.  It  is  in  a 
Spanish  style  of  Romanesque  with  round  arches,  and  has  introduced 
the  arcade  into  New  York  by  means  of  the  continuous  porch  of  pillars 
supporting  arches  which  runs  round  half  the  building  and  covers  the 
sidewalks.  The  Garden  fills  an  entire  block  from  Madison  to  Fourth 
avenues  and  26th  to  27th  streets.  The  greater  part  is  a  huge  auditorium, 
larger  than  the  largest  hippodrome,  with  roof  supported  on  iron  trusses 
like  that  of  a  station;  here  the  circuses,  hippodromes,  walking  matches, 
pugilistic  affairs  and  political  mass  meetings  are  held,  the  horse  and 
dog  shows  and  great  popular  concerts.  A  concert  hall  and  dancing  room 
is  in  another  part,  a  restaurant  of  large  size  in  a  third.  In  one  corner  is 
an  extremely  neat  little  theatre,  and  the  roof  on  the  Madison  Square 
end  is  utilized  for  a  summer  garden  with  music  and  variety  shows.  The 
great  auditorium  is  indicated  outside  by  the  roof  which  lets  in  air  as  well  as 
light,  and  the  roof  garden  on  Madison  avenue  is  indicated  by  the  terra  cotta 


ARCHITECTURE.  147 

balustrades,  in  rich  ropy  decoration,  which  join  the  pillars  upholding  a  lintel. 
At  different  points  this  lintel  rises  into  small  temple-shaped  turrets  with 
domed  roofs,  all  very  rich  with  decoration,  and  all  repeated  or  recalled  by 
the  pillared  turrets  round  the  square  shaft  of  the  tower.  The  decorations 
in  terra  cotta  on  the  Madison  avenue  fagade  above  the  main  entrance  are  in 
high  relief  and  most  abundant,  suggesting  the  rococo  period  by  their  luxu- 
riant forms.  The  soffits  of  the  arches  in  the  arcade  over  the  sidewalks  are 
likewise  enriched  with  terra  cotta  molded  motifs  so  as  to  give  an  effect  of 
opulence  in  decoration.  But  while  to  some  tastes  the  architects  have  gone 
to  an  extreme  in  this  regard,  on  the  whole  the  Madison  Square  Garden  is 
admired  with  little  reserve.  Certainly  the  city  has  no  other  tower  as  beau- 
tiful as  that  from  which,  at  the  height  of  300  feet,  one  can  see  pretty  much 
the  whole  of  Manhattan  Island. 

On  or  near  Madison  Square  are  other  buildings  it  is  fair  to  mention: 
the  University  Club,  built  as  a  private  residence  for  the  late  Leonard  Jer- 
ome in  the  French  style  of  the  third  Empire;  the  Masonic  Temple  on  Sixth 
avenue  at  23d  street  by  Napoleon  Le  Brun;  Delmonico's  far-famed 
restaurant  and  ball-room  in  a  sober  brownstone  edifice ;  the  old  Racquet 
Club  at  Sixth  avenue  and  26th  street  with  two  brick  and  timber  fronts;  and 
the  Victoria  apartment  house  at  Fifth  avenue  and  27th  street  designed  by 
R.  M.  Hunt. 

The  Thirty-Fourth  Street  Zone. 

At  Fifth  avenue  and  30th  street  stands  the  vast  hotel  of  stone  and 
brick  called  the  Holland  House  by  Harding  &  Gooch  with  the  Calumet  and 
Knickerbocker  clubs  opposite.  Farther  up  at  the  corner  of  33rd  street  rise 
the  lofty  roofs  of  the  Waldorf  Hotel,  designed  by  H.  J.  Hardenbergh,  an 
edifice  in  French  or  Flemish  style  with  steep  roofs  broken  by  decorated 
dormer  windows  and  conical  topped  turrets.  At  Broadway  and  33rd  street 
stands  the  Imperial  Hotel,  built  of  white  marble  and  brick  in  a  Renaissance 
style,  the  ceilings  and  walls  of  dining-room,  cafe  and  bar  painted  in  oils 
by  the  artists  Maynard,  Dewing  and  E.  A.  Abbey.  Near  this  hotel  is  the 
unfinished  building  in  which  Wallack's,  now  Palmer's,  Theatre  is  found, 
and  a  nest  of  other  theatres  are  hard  by — Daly's,  the  Bijou,  the  Fifth 
Avenue,  and  so  forth.  Thirty-fourth  street  east  and  west  of  Fifth  avenue 
is  remarkable  for  its  width  and  fine  residences.  Among  them  is  the  Stew- 
art mansion  of  white  marble,  now  the  Manhattan  Club,  an  edifice  built  by 
Kellum  in  the  grand  manner  of  the  French  Renaissance,  with  broad  nights 
of  steps,  abundant  balconies  and  Mansard  roofs.  Eastward  in  32nd  street 
is  the  pretty  little  Grolier  Club  designed  by  Rome^n,  close  by  the  Park 
Avenue  Hotel  by  Kellum,  the  latter  a  creation  of  the  late  A.  T.  Stewart 
for  a  lodging  house  for  single  working  women,  but  after  his  death  converted 
into  a  hotel.  North  of  this  hotel  rises  Murray  Hill,  and  Park  avenue  is  seen 


148  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

above  the  tunnel  used  by  the  Fourth  avenue  car  tracks;  here  again  are 
many  fine  residences,  such  as  the  house  of  J.  Hampden  Robb  and  various 
hotels,  such  as  the  Murray  Hill  and  Grand  Union. 

The  Forty-Second  Street  Zone. 

The  Grand  Central  Station  is  the  only  large  railway  terminus  on  Man- 
hattan Island;  it  is  a  very  extensive  structure  of  thre^  stories,  with  towers 
built  of  red  brick  and  iron  trimmings  painted  white,  and  with  Mansard 
roofs.  On  Forty-second  street  and  on  Vanderbilt  street,  looking  west,  are  the 
two  grand  fagades;  behind  is  a  colossal  shed  for  the  trains,  an  extraordinary 
feat  of  architectural  engineering.  The  architect  was  Snook,  assisted  by  a 
civil  engineer.  Adjoining  the  train  yard,  but  facing  west  on  Madison 
avenue  at  Forty-second  street,  is  the  club  and  reading  room  for  employes 
of  the  railway  companies,  a  charming  little  building  of  brownstone  and 
brick. 

Here  is  also  the  Manhattan  Athletic  Club,  a  large,  commodious  building 
with  considerable  pretensions  in  the  way  of  carvings  and  iron  work.  In 
Forty-third  street  west  of  Fifth  avenue  is  the  low  white  stone  and  granite 
edifice  of  the  Century  Club,  a  Renaissance  design  somewhat  after  the  style 
of  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  but  more  French  than  Spanish  in  inspira- 
tion. Next  door  is  the  fine  brown  stone  clubhouse  for  physicians,  called  the 
Academy  of  Medicine,  from  designs  of  Robertson,  adjoined  immediately  by 
the  new  and  well-planned  home  of  the  Racquet  and  Tennis  Club;  the  latter 
was  planned  by  C.  L.  W.  Eidlitz  and  is  of  brown  stone  and  brick  in  an 
eclectic,  round  arch  style. 

Returning  southward  of  426.  street,  at  Fifth  avenue  and  39th  street 
stands  the  Union  League  clubhouse  designed  by  Peabody  and  Stearns,  one 
of  the  most  imposing  club  buildings  in  the  city,  somewhat  colonial  in  style 
after  Georgian  fashions.  It  boasts  within  of  a  theatre,  an  art  gallery  and  a 
grand  staircase,  as  well  as  of  stained  glass  windows  by  John  LaFarge, 
Louis  C.  Tiffany,  A.  F.  Oakey  and  others.  Westward  in  Broadway  is  the 
Casino,  a  bright  fantasy  by  Kimball  in  a  Moorish  style  of  architecture  for 
a  theatre  and  a  roof  garden.  Near  by  are  the  walls  of  the  Metropolitan 
Opera  House  recently  destroyed  by  fire,  a  design  of  the  architect  Cady  and 
once  supposed  to  be  absolutely  fireproof.  It  covers  the  whole  block  between 
Broadway  and  Seventh  avenue,  39th  and  40th  streets.  In  426.  street  itself, 
near  the  Grand  Central  station,  the  Lincoln  Safe  Deposit  by  Snook  is  worth 
examining  for  its  modified  Romanesque  architecture  in  brown  and  light 
stone,  as  also  the  lofty  brick  pile  on  the  corner  of  Lexington  avenue  by' 
James  E.  Ware,  designed  like  a  twelfth  century  castle  for  a  safe  deposit 
structure.  Opposite  stands  the  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  a 
building  of  a  lively  style  of  modified  French  Third  Empire,  designed  by  E. 


ARCHITECTURE.  149 

V.  Potter.  On  Fifth  Avenue  above  42  d  street  the  minarets  of  a  somewhat 
moorish  looking  building  denote  the  Jewish  temple  Emanu-el,  designed  by 
Leopold  Eidlitz. 

Zone  of  Saint  Patrick's  Cathedral. 

At  Fifth  avenue  and  47th  street  is  the  Windsor,  one  of  the  largest  of 
all  hotels,  which  shares  with  the  Fifth  avenue  at  23d  street  the  patronage 
of  politicians  and  is  a  gathering  place  for  brokers  who  continue  in  the  spa- 
cious hall  by  night  the  business  interrupted  at  3  P.  M.,  in  and  near  the 
Stock  Exchange.  Farther  on  at  50th  street  is  the  largest  ecclesiastical 
structure  of  the  city,  the  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  of  Saint  Patrick  de- 
signed by  Renwick.  This  great  Gothic  pile  of  white  marble  with  granite 
base  is  closely  modeled  on  European  prototypes.  It  is  306  feet  long  and 
140  feet  across  at  the  transept.  It  has  a  very  lofty  nave,  many  stained  glass 
windows  by  Belgian  and  French  makers  and  organs  of  remarkable  power. 
The  two  towers  at  the  west  end  are  identical  in  height  and  shape;  only  the 
decorations  about  the  doors  leading  into  these  towers  differ.  At  the  east 
end  in  Madison  avenue  are  Gothic  residences  for  the  Bishop  and  other 
prelates  separate  from  the  choir  of  the  cathedral. 

South  of  Saint  Patrick's  in  Madison  avenue  are  the  buildings  of 
Columbia  University  with  the  Art  Institute  most  noticeable  in  an  Angli- 
cised Romanesque  by  C.  C.  Haight.  The  grounds  of  Columbia  have  become 
thickly  set  with  buildings,  and  the  University  has  outgrown  its  site.  New 
buildings  are  to  rise  near  Morningside  Park  on  the  west  side  above  116th 
street,  where  they  will  stand  in  company  with  the  enormous  Protestant 
Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Divine,  designed  in  a  mixed  Byzantine  and  Gothic 
style  by  Heins  and  LaFarge,  but  not  yet  begun. 

Behind  St.  Patrick's  is  a  handsome  compound  house  in  brown- 
stone,  designed  by  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  the  plan  being  a  central  court 
open  to  the  street  with  the  residences  round  three  sides.  Just  above,  but  on 
Fifth  avenue,  are  the  two  brownstone  houses  built  for  the  late  Wm.  H. 
Vanderbilt,  solid,  unpretentious,  big  mansions,  and  still  northward  the 
pretty  French  chateau  residence  of  Wm.  K.  Vanderbilt,  designed  after  a 
Francois  Premier  prototype  by  Richard  M.  Hunt.  This  is  considered  by 
many  judges  one  of  the  most  successful  dwellings  in  the  city.  It  has  on 
the  roof  tree  a  statue  not  easily  seen  from  the  street,  which  is  a  portrait  of 
Hunt  the  architect,  placed  there  by  the  sculptors  and  stone-cutters  em- 
ployed on   the  building.       West  Fifty-fifth    street  at   Sixth    Avenue  is 

"    notable  for  the  New  York  Athletic  club,  a  building  the  club  has  already 
outgrown. 

St.  Thomas's  Episcopal  Church,  a  large  brown  stone  affair  in  English 

:    Gothic  with  two  towers,  and  the  new  City  Club  of  New  York  in  a  fine  old 


i( 


i 


150  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW   YORK. 

residence  opposite;  Dr.  Hall's  Presbyterian  church,  also  of  brownstone 
with  two  towers,  and  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  standing  back  from  the  avenue, 
with  the  new  rough-face  granite  residence  of  C.  P.  Huntington  opposite, 
a  heavy  design  by  George  B.  Post,  bring  one  to  57th  street,  per- 
haps the  most  crowded  with  costly  residences  of  any  cross  street.  Con- 
spicuous among  these  is  the  corner  house  of  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  de- 
signed by  George  B.  Post  in  a  Flemish  style  of  architecture  modified  by 
modern  French  ideas.  This  residence  is  really  incomplete,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  upper  corner  at  58th  street  and  Fifth  avenue  is  not  in  Mr.  Van- 
derbilt's  hands.  But  he  has  the  lot  to  the  north  and  the  elbow  that  runs 
northwest  to  58th  street,  so  that  the  building  may  be  extended  before  long. 

Zone  of  South  Central  Park. 

In  West  57th  street  is  the  Carnegie  Music  Hall,  a  notable  structure  of 
brownstone  in  a  large,  simple  Romanesque,  designed  by  Tuthill, 
the  Fine  Art  Society's  building,  designed  by  Hardenbergh  after  a  little 
Frangois  Premier  hotel  in  Paris  and  the  big,  long  gray  buildings,  not  yet 
finished  as  to  towers  and  facade,  of  the  Paulist  Fathers,  not  to  speak  of  a 
dozen  towering  apartment  houses.  Fifty-eighth  street  boasts  the  Navarro 
flats,  a  congeries  of  apartments  by  Hubert  and  Pirsson  in  a  pseudo-Moorish 
architecture,  covering  a  large  area;  the  Plaza  Hotel  by  Pfeiffer,  a  huge 
hostelry  decorated  with  paintings  by  Maynard,  Will  H.  Low  and  Alexander 
Pope  and  the  Savoy.  At  59th  street  and  Fifth  avenue  overlooking  the  park 
is  the  tall  New  Netherlands  Hotel,  like  the  Waldorf  at  33d  street,  a  venture 
of  the  Astor  estate. 

Facing  Central  Park  are  many  interesting  pieces  of  architecture  of  a 
public  as  well  as  private  sort.  Most  notable  are  the  Friendship  Club  by  Zucker, 
a  Hebrew  organization;  the  round-turreted  Brokaw  residence  of  white  marble 
at  79th  street;  the  Jewish  temple  Beth-el  of  gray  stone  with  rough  faces, 
whose  curious  dome,  flattened  on  four  sides  and  with  gilded  ribwork,  is  seen 
from  many  advantageous  points  of  the  Park,  and  the  Lenox  Library,  de- 
signed of  granite  in  a  severe,  solid  style  of  French  Renaissance  by 
Richard  M.  Hunt,  and  capable  of  extension  when  enlargement  is  necessary. 

Eastward  at  Madison  avenue  and  70th  street  lies  a  beautiful  composi- 
tion in  red  brick,  the  various  buildings  of  the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  begun 
by  R.  M.  Hunt  and  finished  by  Cady,  which  cover  an  entire  block.  Farther 
up  is  the  singular  Flemish  residence  of  Louis  C.  Tiffany  with  its  round  arch 
entrance,  portcullis  and  heavy  first  story,  its  great  roof  indicating  the  most 
sumptuous  studio  that  any  New  York  artist  owns.  Eastward  still,  in  Park 
avenue,  stands  the  Yosemite  apartment  house  of  yellow  brick  in  a  Roman- 
esque style.  In  Fourth  avenue,  occupying  an  entire  block,  between  66th 
and  67th  streets,  is  the  armory  of  the  Seventh  Regiment,  famed  for  its 


ARCHITECTURE.  151 

enormous  drill-floor.  The  style  is  somewhat  military  and  the  materials 
are  red  brick  and  freestone.  All  this  quarter  is  full  of  large  edifices,  the 
Normal  College,  hospitals  and  retreats  of  different  kinds,  on  which  great 
sums  and  occasionally  architectural  taste  have  been  lavished.  It  would  be 
impossible  to  mention  half  these  buildings  and  the  churches  of  all  denomi- 
nations which  in  this  zone  rise  here  and  there  east  of  Central  Park.  The 
great  club  buildings  of  the  German  citizens,  the  Arion  and  Liederkranz  are 
found  in  this  quarter,  to  mention  only  two  out  of  many. 

Central  Park  Middle  Zone. 

In  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Fine  Art  the  Central  Park  can  boast  of 
one  of  the  most  conspicuous  and  largest  edifices  of  New  York.  The  design 
is  a  somewhat  hard  and  heavy  one  by  the  late  Arthur  Tuckerman,  but  well 
calculated  for  light.  The  building  consists  of  a  central  body  with  a  hall  reach- 
ing clear  to  the  skylights,  and  a  south  body,  finished,  containing  the  chief  en- 
trance with  broad  stairs  of  approach.  The  north  end  is  just  roofed  in. 
Near  by  stands  the  obelisk  called  Cleopatra's.  Needle,  brought  from  Alex- 
andria by  the  late  Commander  Gorringe  at  the  expense  of  Wm.  H.  Vander- 
bilt.  Farther  south  in  the  Park  near  Fifth  avenue  is  the  old  Arsenal,  a 
quaint,  bare  edifice,  now  given  over  to  the  needs  of  the  Zoological  Garden, 
and  across  the  Park  beyond  Eighth  or  Central  Park  avenue,  stands  the 
Museum  of  Natural  History  designed  by  J.  C.  Cady.  The  central  part  of 
the  scheme  for  the  eventual  building  lies  well  within  the  western  annex  of 
Central  Park  at  77th  street;  the  middle  body  of  the  south  facade  is  in  77tii 
street.  The  central  part  is  of  red  brick,  the  southern  face  of  hammered 
pale  yellow  stone.  The  main  entrance  is  by  a  broad  double  flight  of  stairs 
turning  right  and  left  up  to  a  porch  enclosed  by  an  arcade  and  glazed.  The 
arcade  supports  a  broad  terrace  or  balcony  which  runs  between  two  semi  • 
circular  bays  extending  out  from  the  front.  The  style  is  Romanesque  of 
an  elegant  and  sufficiently  rich  design. 

In  this  quarter  west  of  Central  Park  are  many  notable  buildings,  as  £or 
instance  the  great  pile  of  apartments  called  the  Dakotah  flats,  the  granite 
armory  of  the  Twenty-second  Regiment,  the  residence  No.  300  West  76th 
street,  in  severe  and  harmonious  Romanesque  by  Babb  Cook  and  Willard, 
Christ  Church  at  the  Boulevard  and  71st  street,  designed  by  C.  C.  Haight, 
of  salmon  colored  brick  and  dark-red  terra  cotta;  a  Romanesque  church  of 
a  very  different  plan  and  color-scheme  by  Robertson  at  the  Boulevard  and 
73rd  street — roughfaced  red  sandstone  for  the  walls,  edged  with  Belleville 
and  Longmeadow  stone  in  two  tints  of  dark  brown ;  a  block  of  dwellings  by 
Lamb  and  Rich  at  West  End  avenue  and  72d  street — olive  and  reddish 
sandstone  and  mosaic  decorations;  the  pretty  corner  of  the  Colonial  Club 
jn  light  yellow  brick  in  West  End  avenue,  designed  by  Kilburn,  not  to 


152  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

speak  of  other  churches  and  clubs  worthy  of  nete  for  cleverness,  bold- 
ness or  beauty  in  their  architectural  points.  It  will  repay  the  trouble  of 
passing  up  and  down  the  Boulevard  and  West  End  avenue,  merely  to  sur- 
vey the  new  buildings  in  those  broad  thoroughfares. 

Remarkable  for  an  effort  to  revive  Hollandish  forms  are  the  Collegiate 
Church  buildings  £>y  Gibson  at  77th  street  and  West  End  avenue.  The 
architect  was  inspired  for  the  main  structure  by  the  Groote  Markt,  that 
quaintest  of  public  buildings  in  Haarlem,  Holland,  erected  in  1602  by 
Lievende  Kay.  It  has  the  same  Flemish  touch  in  the  decorative  crowsteps 
on  the  gables,  in  the  great  roof  set  with  ornamental  dormer  windows  and 
in  the  bands  of  stone,  brackets  and  lavish  pinnacles.  This  is  so  far  the 
most  important  effort  to  carry  out  in  New  York  the  germs  of  architecture 
which  existed  here  when  the  majority  of  citizens  spoke  Dutch. 

The  reservoir  in  Central  Park  has  a  gray  stone  outlook  which  can  be 
seen  from  all  sides  rising  above  the  trees.  It  is  without  special  merit  but 
is  graceful  and  speaks  well  for  the  men  who  luckily  had  the  park  in  hand — 
the  architects  Bloor  and  Wrey  Mould,  with  Vaux  as  consulting  architect, 
Olmsted  being  the  specialist  in  landscape  gardening. 

The  Zone  North  of  Central  Park. 

In  Central  Park  avenue  near  the  head  of  the  Park  rise  the  pretty  con- 
ical towers  of  the  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital,  designed  in  red  brick  and  stone. 
In  the  broad  plain  reaching  beyond  the  Harlem  River  north  of  the  Park 
are  many  noteworthy  edifices  which  cannot  find  space  for  mention  here. 
There  are  the  Harlem  Clubby  Lamb  &  Rich;  Holy  Trinity  in  Lenox 
avenue  at  i22d  street,  by  Wm.  A.  Potter,  the  chief  feature  of  which  is  a 
broad,  square  tower,  not  very  high,  with  the  belfry  developed  into  unusual 
size — light  granite  ground  and  broad,  dark  brown  borders  and  arches;  the 
Mott  Haven  station  of  the  Hudson  River  railway  by  Robertson,  in  pressed 
and  common  red  brick,  red  terra  cotta  friezes,  square  central  clock  tower 
like  a  village  church,  loggia  and  fine  archway  to  the  yard;  and  Saint 
Agnes,  a  very  striking  Romanesque  church  at  Q2d  street,  by  Wm.  A.  Potter, 
the  ground  work  light  granite  and  the  borders  and  arches  dark  brown 
sandstone,  an  Italian  campanile  of  charming  outline  at  the  corner,  and  a 
broad,  square  tower  over  the  transept.  On  the  rising  ground  which 
Park  avenue  mounts  on  its  northward  course  stands  the  pale  brick 
armory  of  the  Eighth  Regiment  of  the  National  Guard  (Washington  Grays) 
with  an  imposing  front  on  the  Avenue  formed  of  two  main  towers  of  great 
breadth  connected  by  a  battlemented  curtain-wall  and  set  with  overhang- 
ing small  turrets  called  in  mediaeval  parlance  bartizans.  Though  unequal 
in  its  parts  [the  rear  to  the  west  for  the  main  drill  shed  looking  dwarfed  by 
these  big  towers  at  the  eastern  end]  the   Eighth   Regiment  armory  has, 


ARCHITECTURE.  153 

architecturally  speaking,  points  of  superiority  over  those  of  the  Seventh 
and  Twenty-second. 

On  the  plateau  between  Riverside  Drive  and  Morningside  Park  over- 
looking the  Hudson  stands  the  temporary  mausoleum  for  the  body  of  Gen- 
eral Ulysses  S.  Grant.  The  architect  Duncan  is  to  erect  at  this  spot  an 
edifice  of  very  considerable  size  designed  in  a  somewhat  classical  spirit 
which  will  contain  the  body  in  a  crypt  and  form  the  background  for 
equestrian  statues  of  Grant  and  his  generals.  Access  will  be  had  from  the 
river  by  broad  flights  of  stairs  in  granite.  This  work  is  now  going  on, 
sufficient  funds  having  been  raised  to  erect  the  main  structure  in  its  first 
phase. 

Space  forbids  notices  of  structures  risen  or  rising  in  this  wide  zone 
north  of  the  Park  which  includes  Manhattan ville,  Carmansville,  Harlem, 
Astoria  and  a  part  of  Westchester.  All  that  The  Guide  to  New  York 
can  hope  to  do  is  to  stimulate  visitors  and  residents  of  the  city  to  go 
about  a  little  and  use  their  eyes  in  looking  at  buildings  instead  of  taking 
them  for  granted.  In  no  city  of  the  Union  are  the  architects  so  learned,  so 
enterprising  and  so  clever;  and  if  they  often,  when  famous,  accept  more 
commissions  than  they  can  honestly  give  personal  hard  work  to,  and  if  their 
tendency  is  to  no  one  school,  but  a  bewildering  variety,  and  in  some  cases  a 
jumble  of  architectural  styles,  there  is  no  stagnation  of  ideas,  but  a  constant 
striking  out  of  fresh  thought  in  architecture  which  in  the  end  must  tell 
for  good.  New  York  has  few  streets  uniform,  like  Paris,  Vienna  and  Rome, 
or  even  set  with  edifices  of  a  general  similarity  of  architecture.  But  one 
style  seems  to  be  evolving  itself  from  the  architectural  chaos  into  some- 
thing local,  and  perhaps  in  time,  national.  This  is  the  Romanesque  style 
in' its  Italian,  Spanish  and  Provencal  subdivisions;  these  varieties  afford 
great  help  in  churches  and  office  buildings.  Moreover  the  color  sense 
shown  by  American  painters  begins  to  tell  on  New  York  architects ;  some  of 
the  latest  buildings  are  veritable  feasts  for  the  eye,  by  reason  of  the  tints 
of  stone  in  solid  color,  or  in  contrast  one  with  the  other.  More  and 
more  is  Gothic  neglected,  as  if  the  artists  recognized  that  the  limitations 
in  area  and  necessity  for  tall  buildings  made  Gothic  almost  out  of  question. 
So  far  New  York  has  lacked  vistas  of  buildings  homogeneous  in  style,  and 
whole  streets  that  have  a  general  resemblance,  except  the  cheap  brownstone 
blocks  that  mark  a  period  of  wretched  taste,  but  it  is  likely  that  when  the 
Protestant  Cathedral  and  Columbia  University  begin  to  tower  from  the 
plateau  between  Riverside  Drive  and  Morningside  Park,  they  will  stamp 
that  new  section  of  the  city  with  a  very  distinctive  architectural  style. 


GOVERN  MEJMT. 

How  the   Public  Affairs    of  the   City   are   Conducted  —  The   Machinery 

Employed. 


Since  the  Dutch  period,  the  City  of  New  York  has  had  eight  charters. 
The  first  was  granted  by  Deputy  Governor  Nicolls  on  June  12,  1665.  It 
put  the  Burgomaster,  Schout  and  Scheppens  out  of  official  existence,  and 
replaced  them  with  a  Mayor,  Sheriff  and  five  Aldermen.  The  other  char- 
ters were  those  of  1686  (the  Dongan),  1708  (the  Cornbury),  1730  (the  Mont- 
gomerie),  1830,  1857,  1870  (the  Tweed),  and  1873. 

The  city  has  now  no  charter,  known  as  such,  its  system  of  government 
being  formulated  in  a  legislative  act  called  "  the  Consolidation  Act,"  which, 
passed  by  the  legislature  in  1882,  is  supposed  to  embody  the  charter  (that 
of  1873)  previously  in  operation,  the  numerous  amendments  of  that  instru- 
ment, and  all  special  legislative  acts  anterior  to  it  not  made  a  specific  part 
of  the  charter,  but  not  repealed  by  it.  This  "Consolidated  Act"  is 
amended,  and  special  laws  affecting  the  city's  affairs  are  passed,  as  the 
wisdom  or  caprice  of  the  State  Legislature  determines. 

Only  once  prior  to  1834,  was  a  Mayor  of  New  York  elected  by  the 
people.  This  was  in  September,  1689,  when  Pieter  Delanoy  was  chosen  in 
an  election  called  by  the  Committee  of  Safety,  which  took  charge  of  govern- 
mental affairs  after  the  deputies  of  James  II.  were  expelled  from  office,  and 
before  Jacob  Leisler  was  installed  as  Lieutenant  Governor.  Prior  to  1834, 
the  Mayor  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  alone,  or  by  him  with  the  con- 
currence of  the  Council  of  Appointment,  which  was  made  up  of  four 
Senators,  from  four  different  geographical  sections  of  the  state,  chosen 
annually  by  the  Assembly.  The  office  of  Mayor  always  has  been  esteemed 
one  of  great  dignity  and  honor;  and  to  accept  it  De  Witt  Clinton  once 
resigned  from  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 

The  Mayor  is  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  city,  the  other  executive 
officers  being  the  President  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  (who,  in  case  of  the 
absence  or  disability  of  the  Mayor,  takes  his  place),  and  the  heads  of  the 
departments  of  Finance,  Law,  Police,  Public  Works,  Public  Charities 
and  Correction,   Fire,    Health,      Public   Parks,   Taxes   and  Assessments. 

Docks,  Street  Cleaning,  Street  Improvements  of  the  23D  &  24TH 
Wards,  and  Buildings,  excepting  the   President  of  the   Board  of  Alder- 


GOVERNMENT.  155 

men,  the  Comptroller,  who  is  the  head  of  the  Finance  Department,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  Street  Improvements  of  the  23d  and  24th  Ward,  all  these 
officers  are  appointed  by  the  Mayor.  Since  1884  the  power  of  appointment 
has  been  vested  in  him  absolutely,  the  confirmatory  privilege  of  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  being  abolished.  It  is  his  duty  to  communicate  to  the  Board 
of  Aldermen  at  least  annually  a  statement  of  the  finances  and  general 
condition  of  the  city,  and  to  watch  over  and,  in  a  general  way,  direct,  the 
doings  of  the  several  departments.  He  is  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Estimate  and  Apportionment,  the  other  members  being  the  Comptroller, 
the  President  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  the  President  of  the 
Department  of  Taxes.  This  board  determines  the  sum  that  may  annually 
be  expended  for  the  purposes  of  the  government  of  the  city.  The  sum 
for  the  year  1892  is  $35,881,205.19,  of  which  $33,725,555.84  is  raised  by  taxa- 
tion. The  other  boards  of  which  the  Mayor  is  chairman  are  the  Armory 
Commission  (composed  of  the  Mayor,  President  of  the  Department  of 
Taxes,  Brigadier-General  in  command  of  the  state  militia  in  this  city,  and 
Senior  Colonel  of  militia);  the  Sinking  Fund  Commission  (composed  of  the 
Mayor,  Recorder,  Chamberlain,  Comptroller,  and  Chairman  of  the  Finance 
Committee  of  Jthe  Board  of  Aldermen);  Board  of  Street  Opening  and  Im- 
provement (composed  of  the  Mayor,  Comptroller,  Commissioner  of  Public 
"Works,  Commissioner  of  Street  Improvements  of  the  23d  and  24th  Wards, 
President  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  President  of  the  Department  of 
Public  Parks);  and  the  Board  of  City  Record.  The  last-named  board  has 
charge  of  the  city's  official  journal,  a  daily  publication  called  the  The  City 
Record,  and  of  procuring  the  necessary  supplies  of  printing,  stationery  and 
books  for  the  several  departments.  The  titles  of  the  other  boards  indicate 
their  duties.  The  salary  of  the  Mayor  is  $10,000,  and  his  term  is  two 
years. 

The  Comptroller  is  the  head  of  the  Finance  Department.  He  is  an 
elective  officer,  with  a  term  of  three  years  and  a  salary  of  $10,000  a  year. 
All  bills  against  the  city  are  audited  by  him,  and  paid  by  warrants  drawn 
on  the  Chamberlain.  No  contract  made  by  any  department  of  the  city 
government  is  valid  until  approved  by  the  Comptroller,  and  the  accounts  of 
every  department  are  subject  to  inspection  and  revision  by  him.  He  col- 
lects the  taxes,  and  also  the  revenue  of  the  city  from  its  markets,  and  the 
rental  of  its  real  estate. 

Chamberlain  is  the  official  title  of  the  treasurer  of  the  city,  and  has  been 
since  1686.  He  pays  all  bills  passed  by  the  Comptroller.  He  is  appointed 
by  the  Mayor.  His  salary  is  $25,000  a  year,  but  out  of  that  sum  he  has  to 
pay  all  the  expenses  of  carrying  on  his  office. 

The  Counsel  to  the  Corporation  is  the  head  of  the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  city.     He  has  charge  of  all  the  litigation  of  the  municipality- 


156  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

and  of  the  proceedings  for  the  acquirement  of  title  to  real  estate  for  public 
purposes.  His  term  of  office  is  four  years,  and  his  salary  $12,000  a  year. 
He  appoints  a  Public  Administrator  (Chas.  E.  Lydecker)  to  take  charge  of 
the  estates  of  intestate  persons  whose  heirs  have  to  be  ascertained  ;  and 
also  a  Corporation  Attorney  (Louis  Hanneman),  whose  duty  it  is  to  prosecute 
persons  for  violation  of  ordinances  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  ;  and  an 
Attorney  for  the  Collection  of  Arrears  of  Personal  Taxes  (J.  G.  H. 
Meyers).  Each  of  these  subordinate  officers  receives  a  salary  of  $4,000  a 
year. 

The  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  is  at  the  head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Works,  whose  duty  it  is  to  care  for  the  city's  water  supply; 
to  open,  regulate,  grade,  pave,  flag  and  curb  all  streets  below  the  Harlem 
River;  to  illuminate,  under  the  direction  of  the  Gas  Commissioners — the 
Mayor,  Comptroller  and  Commissioner  of  Public  Works — all  the  streets  of 
the  city;  to  sewer  and  drain  the  district  south  of  the  Harlem;  to  care  for 
all  public  buildings;  to  keep  the  streets  clear  of  obstructions,  and  to  main- 
tain public  baths.  The  salary  of  the  Commissioner  is  $8,000,  and  his 
term  is  four  years. 

The  Commissioner  of  Street  Improvements  for  the  33d  and  24th 
Wards  has  the  same  duties  to  perform  in  the  district  north  of  the  Harlem 
River  that  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  has  below  it,  with  the  ex- 
ception that  he  has  not  the  care  of  the  water  supply,  public  buildings  or 
street  lighting.     This  office  was  created  by  the  Legislature  in  1890. 

The  Police  Department  has  four  Commissioners  at  its  head.  Its 
uniformed  force  consists  of  a  Superintendent,  salary  $6,000;  Chief  In- 
spector, salary  $5,000;  3  Inspectors,  salary  $3,500;  36  Captains,  salary 
$2,750;  144  Sergeants,  salary  $2,000;  40  Detective  Sergeants,  salary 
$2,000,  and  3,700  patrolmen,  about  2,800  of  whom  receive  $1,200  a  year, 
500  receive  $1,100  a  year,  and  400  receive  $1,000.  The  Police  Commis- 
sioners are  appointed  for  six  years.  Their  salary  is  $5,000  each.  The 
police  are  efficient  in  service,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  are  a  remarkably  fine- 
looking  body  of  men.  In  some  respects  the  department  is  defective.  It 
needs  a  better  telegraphic  service,  and  more  modern  methods  of  conveying 
prisoners  from  places  of  arrest  to  the  stations  and  thence  to  courts.  A 
special  function  of  the  Police  Commissioners  is  to  provide  the  means  and 
appoint  the  officers  to  carry  on  elections.  They  designate  the  election  dis- 
tricts, see  to  the  printing  and  distribution  of  the  ballots,  provide  the  poll- 
ing places  and  ballot-boxes,  and  appoint  the  Inspectors  of  Election,  Poll 
Clerks  and  Ballot  Clerks.  The  appointments  are  made  under  a  law  pro- 
Tiding  that  the  appointees  shall  represent  the  two  great  political  parties. 
To  carry  on  the  work  of  the  police  department  proper  during  1892,  $5,045,- 
468.31  is  appropriated.     The  appropriation  for  the  purposes  of  the    Bureau 


GOVERNMENT.  157 

of  Elections  is  $411,300.  Total  appropriation,  $5,456,768.31.  Police  Head- 
Quarters,  No.  300  Mulberry  St.,  between  Houston  and  Bleecker.  Police 
Stations — Precinct :  No.  1 — Old  SI.  near  Front  st. ;  No.  2 — Cor.  Liberty 
and  Church  sts. ;  No.  3— City  Hall  ;  No.  4—9  Oak  st. ;  No.  5 — 19  Leonard 
st.;  No.  6 — 19  Elizabeth  st. ;  No.  7 — 247  Madison  st. ;  No.  8 — Prince  st.,  cor. 
Wooster  st. ;  No.  9 — 94  Charles  st. ;  No.  10 — 205  Mulberry  St.;  No.  11 — 105 
Eldridge  st. ;  No.  12 — Attorney  and  Delancey  sts. ;  No.  13 — Union  Market, 
E.  Houston  St.;  No  14 — 1st  av.  and  5th  st.;  No.  15 — 221  Mercer  st.;  No.  16 
— 230  W.  20th  St.;  No.  17 — 34  E.  29th  st.;  No.  18-r— 327  E.  22d  st.;  No.  19— 
137  W.  30th  St.;  No  20 — 434  W.  37th  st;  No.  21 — 160  E.  35th  st.;  No.  22 — 
347  W.  47th  st.;  No.  23 — 163  E.  51st  st.;  No.  23  sub-precinct. — Grand  Cen- 
tral Depot;  No.  24— W.  68th  st.,  near  the  Boulevard;  No.  25 — 153  E.  67th 
st.;  No.  26—134  Wc  ioothst;  No.  27—432  E.  88th  st,;  No.  28— Pier  A,  N. 
R.;  No.  29 — E.  126th  st.,  near  Lexington  ave.;  No.  30 — W.  125th  St.,  near 
9th  av.;  No.  31 — Hij£hbrige. ;  No.  32 — 10th  av.  and  i52d  st. ;  No.  33 — Mor- 
risania  Town  Hall;  No.  34— Tremont;  No.  35— Kingsbridge;  No.  36 — The 
steamboat  patrol. 

The  Fire  Department  is  controlled  by  three  Commissioners,  appointed 
for  six  years,  at  $5,000  each.  The  force  of  the  department  consists  of 
1  Chief,  salary  $5,000;  2  Deputy  Chiefs,  salary  $3,500  each;  12  Chiefs  of  Bat- 
talions, salary  $2,750  each;  57  Foremen  of  engine  companies,  salary  $1,800 
each;  22  Foremen  of  hook  and  ladder  companies,  salary  $1,800  each;  79  As- 
sistant Foremen,  salary  $1,500  each;  and  900  firemen,  divided  into  three 
grades  ranging  in  salary  from  $1,200  to  $1,000.  The  duty  of  this  depart- 
ment is  not  only  to  extinguish,  but  also  to  prevent  fires,  and  to  ascertain 
their  causes.  It,  therefore,  has  control  of  the  methods  of  keeping  com- 
bustibles in  the  city,  and  determines  the  quantity  that  may  be  kept;  and  it 
also  prescribes  rules  which  must  be  followed  by  hotel  keepers  and  theatre 
managers  to  enable  their  patrons  to  escape  in  case  of  fire.  The  department 
is  extremely  effective.  It  has  83  steam  fire  engines,  2  fire  boats,  38  hook 
and  ladder  trucks,  3  water  towers,  and  350  horses.  Its  appropriation  for 
the  year  1892  is  $2,301,282. 

The  Health  Department  is  managed  by  four  Commissioners,  of  whom 
the  President  of  the  Police  Department  is  one,  the  Health  Officer  of  the  Port 
another,  and  the  other  two  are  special  appointees  of  the  Mayor.  Of  the 
latter  two  one  is  appointed  as  President  of  the  Health  Board,  at  a  salary  of 
$3,000  a  year.  The  other  must  be  a  physician  of  at  least  five  years'  stand- 
ing. His  salary  is  $4,000.  The  President  of  the  Board  and  the  Physician- 
Commissioner  hold  office  for  six  years.  The  Health  Department  is  charged 
with  the  prevention  of  disease,  as  well  as  with  its  suppression.  That  it 
does  its  work  well  is  shown  by  the  extinction  of  the  epidemic  of  typhus 
fever  last  spring,  by  its  control  of  small  pox,  and  by  its  recent  energetic 


158  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

grapple  with  cholera.  The  department  has  almost  arbitrary  power  when 
disease  has  to  be  overcome.  It  may  seize  and  hold  infected  houses  and 
confine  their  inmates.  The  appropriation  for  the  department  for  1892  is 
$435,138. 

The  Department  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  is  controlled  by 
three  Commissioners,  with  a  salary  of  $5,000  a  year,  appointed  for  six  years. 
They  have  a  two-fold  function — to  care  for  the  impoverished  sick  and 
persons  unable  to  care  for  themselves,  and  to  keep  watch  and  ward  over 
minor  criminals.  They  have  charge  of  the  penitentiary  and  workhouses 
and  also  of  public  hospitals,  almshouses,  and  asylums  for  the  insane.  They 
have  several  reception  hospitals  in  the  city,  the  main  one  being  Bellevue; 
but  most  of  the  institutions  under  their  management  are  on  Blackwell's, 
Ward's  and  Randall's  Islands.  They  also  have  at  Islip,  Long  Island,  a 
farm,  where  mild  insane  persons  able  to  work  are  employed  at  agricultural 
and  other  outdoor  labor,  calculated  to  assist  in  the  cure,  or  in  the  arresting, 
of  their  mental  maladies.  The  appropriation  for  the  department  for  1892 
is  $2,170,125. 

The  Department  of  Street  Cleaning  is  presided  over  by  a  Commis- 
sioner, appointed  for  six  years  at  a  salary  of  $6,000.  He  has  a  Deputy  Com- 
missioner at  $4,000  a  year;  a  Superintendent  at  $3  ,ooo;  a  Deputy  Superin- 
tendent at  $2,300;  Assistant  Superintendents  for  the  11  districts  into  which 
the  city  is  divided,  at  a  salary  of  $1,800;  58  Foremen  of  gangs  at  $1,000; 
and  1400  sweepers  at  $50  a  month.  The  sweepers  are  uniformed,  and  are 
tested  physically  before  they  are  employed.  The  department  owns  500 
carts.     The  appropriation  for  the  work  for  1892  is  $1,978,540. 

The  Department  of  Public  Parks  is  controlled  by  four  Commissioners, 
appointed  for  five  years.  The  President  of  the  Board  receives  $5,000  a 
year.  The  other  Commissioners  receive  no  pay.  It  is  the  custom  of  the 
Commissioners  to  rotate  in  the  presidency.  They  have  charge  of  all  parks 
in  the  city,  of  Pelham  Bay  Park,  in  Westchester  County;  and  of  the  park- 
ways which  connect  Pelham  Bay  and  the  other  new  parks  recently  acquired 
at  a  cost  of  $9,000,000.  They  also  have  control  of  improvements  over  and 
along  the  Harlem  River.  They  are  now  building  a  magnificent  bridge  at 
Macomb's  Dam,  at  the  end  of  Seventh  avenue.  The  buildings  in  City 
Hall  Park  are  not»under  their  care.  The  appropriation  for  this  department 
for  1892  is  $1,003,150. 

The  Board  of  Docks  is  at  the  head  of  the  Department  of  Docks,  and 
is  composed  of  three  Commissioners,  at  $5,000  a  year  each.  It  has  control 
of  all  wharves,  ships,  etc. ,  belonging  to  the  city,  of  the  acquirement  of  river- 
front property,  the  surveying  and  planning  of  dock  improvements,  and  the 
construction  of  wharves.  It  may  expend  not  more  than  $3,000,000  a  year. 
It  must  procure  the  sanction  of  the  Sinking  Fund  Commission  for  its  work, 


GOVERNMENT.  159 

because  its  funds  are  raised  by  the  sale  of  bonds,  running  not  less  than  thirty 
years,  issued  by  the  Comptroller  when  directed  by  that  Commission. 

The  Department  of  Taxes  and  Assessment  has  three  Commissioners, 
one  of  whom  is  appointed  its  President  by  the  Mayor,  and  who,  as  such,  is 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment  and  of  the  Armory 
Board.  All  the  Commissioners  are  appointed  for  six  years.  The  President 
receives  $5,000  a  year,  the  other  two  Commissioners  $4,000  each.  In  Sep- 
tember of  each  year  these  Commissioners  send  deputies  to  examine  the 
houses,  lots,  piers,  etc.,  to  ascertain  their  owners,  and  to  fix  the  prices  they 
would  bring  at  ordinary  sale.  The  deputies  also  make  inquiry  respecting 
personal  property.  On  the  basis  of  reports  sworn  to  by  their  deputies  the 
Commissioners  assess  the  property,  and  prepare  a  record,  which  is  open  for 
inspection  and  correction  from  the  second  Monday  of  January  until  May  1. 
From  it  the  ward  assessment  rolls  are  prepared,  and  they  are  presented  to 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  on  the  first  Monday  of  July.  On  the  basis  of  these 
rolls,  and  of  the  final  estimate  of  the  expenses  of  the  city  government  for 
the  current  year,  the  tax  rate  is  fixed  by  the  Aldermen.  It  is  a  fact  of  in- 
terest— to  the  New  York  tax  payer  more  than  to  the  information-seeker — 
that  New  York's  government  is  maintained  on  borrowed  money  from  the 
first  of  January  until  November,  when  taxes  begin  to  be  collected.  The 
money  is  raised  on  revenue  bonds.  The  appropriation  for  the  purposes  of 
the  Department  of  Taxes  for  1892  is  $120,520. 

The  Department  of  Buildings  is  a  new  one,  established  by  the  Legis- 
lature of  1892.  Its  head  is  a  Superintendent  (Thomas  J.  Brady),  at  a  salary 
of  $5,000,  and  with  a  term  of  six  years.  No  structure  can  be  erected  unless 
the  plans  for  it  are  approved  by  this  department,  which  is  also  charged  with 
the  duty  of  discovering  unsafe  edifices  and  causing  them  to  be  strengthened 
or  pulled  down. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  is  now  composed  of  26  members — one  for  each 
of  the  Assembly  Districts  from  the  first  to  the  twenty-third,  inclusive,  and 
one  for  each  of  the  twenty-third  and  twenty-fourth  wards,  which  hitherto 
made  up  the  twenty-fourth  assembly  district.  The  twenty-sixth  member  is 
the  President,  who  is  elected  by  vote  throughout  the  city.  The 
term  is  one  year.  The  Aldermen  elected  in  November  will  serve 
tor  two  years,  at  a  salary  of  $2,000.  The  number  elected  will  de- 
pend upon  whether  the  legislative  Apportionment  Act  is  sus- 
tained, or  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  Court  of  Appeals.  If 
it  is  sustained  the  number  will  be  31 — the  President  and  one  Alderman 
for  each  of  30  Assembly  districts.  Otherwise,  the  present  number  will 
be  chosen.  The  Aldermen  have  very  few  important  functions,  beyond 
giving  franchises  to  railroad  companies  and  fixing  the  tax  rate  (see  Depart- 
ment of  Taxes).      Appropriation  for  1892,  $76,800, 


1G0  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

The  Sheriff's  is  an  office  instituted  here  in  1665  by  Governor  Nicolls, 
to  supersede  the  Dutch  office  of  Schout.  Until  1890  it  was  altogether  a  fee 
office.  The  Sheriff  now  receives  a  salary  of  $12,000,  and  certain  special  fees 
which  make  this  office  very  lucrative. 

The  office  of  Register  of  Deeds  was  established  by  the  legislature  in 
1 81 2.  Prior  to  that  time  deeds  affecting  real  estate  were  recorded  at 
Albany  or  in  the  County  Clerk's  office  here.  The  Register  is  now  an  elec- 
tive officer,  with  a  term  of  three  years,  and  a  salary  of  $12,000. 

The  County  Clerk  was  originally  the  Clerk  of  the  Common  Council, 
and  Town  Clerk;  and  because  of  this  he  is  yet  called  upon  to  act  as  City 
Clerk,  in  the  absence  of  an  officer  so  designated  specially.  He  was  also 
the  clerk  of  the  several  courts.  He  is  yet  ex-officio  the  clerk  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  this  county.  It  is  his  duty  to  file  judgments,  or  transcripts 
of  judgments  of  all  the  Courts;  to  keep  the  calendar  of  the  Supreme  Court; 
and  to  perform  various  other  duties  in  connection  with  legal  business.  His 
term  is  three  years;  salary  $15,000  a  year;  and  he  is  elected. 

The  Coroners  are  four  in  number;  hold  office  for  three  years,  and  re- 
ceive $5,000  a  year  each.     Their  office  is  at  No.  27  Chambers  St. 

The  Surrogate  has  existed  with  varying  powers  since  1664.  The  first 
will  recorded  in  his  office  is  that  of  Mary  Gardiner,  widow  of  Lyon  Gardi- 
ner, Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Gardiner's  Island,  which  lies  between  the  north- 
eastern and  southeastern  points  of  Long  Island.  Hereafter  there  are  to  be 
two  surrogates,  each  with  a  term  of  fourteen  years,  and  a  salary  of  $15,000. 
The  Surrogate  sits  in  the  County  Court  House. 

The  District  Attorney  is  elected  for  three  years,  at  $12,000  a  year. 
His  office  is  in  the  "Brown  Stone  Building"  in  the  City  Hall  park. 

The  Recorder  is  an  ancient  officer.  By  the  Dongan  Charter  of  1686 
the  Mayor,  Recorder,  Aldermen  and  Assistant  Aldermen  were  declared 
"one  body  corporate  and  politic,  in  deed,  fact,  and  name,  By  the  name  of  the 
Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Commonalty  of  the  city  of  New  York";  and  all  prop- 
erty and  privileges  granted  by  that  instrument  were  confirmed  to  those 
officers  forever.  The  Recorder  no  longer  sits  as  a  member  of  the  Common 
Council,  but  as  a  member  of  the  Sinking  Fund  Commission  he  keeps  his 
official  grasp  on  the  real  estate  and  sources  of  revenue  of  the  city.  As  a 
magistrate  he  now  has  only  criminal  jurisdiction,  sitting  in  the  Court  of 
General  Sessions  of  the  Peace.  His  magisterial  salary  is  $12,000,  but  he  re- 
ceives pay  for  his  services  in  city  commissions,  making  his  salary  $16,000  a 
year. 

The  Judicial  System  of  New  York  is  made  up  of  the  Supreme   Court, 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,    Superior   Court,    City  Court,  local  district  courts 
of  civil  jurisdiction,  the  Courts  of  Oyer  &  Terminer,  General  Sessions  of  the    | 
Peace,  and  Special  Sessions  of  the  Peace,  and  the  police  courts. 


GOVERNMENT.  16jl 

The  Supreme  Court  has  general  jurisdiction,  and  is  composed  of  seven 
Justices,  who  each  receive  $6,000  from  the  state  and  $11,500  from  the  city. 
The  Common  Pleas  and  Superior  Courts  have  the  same  jurisdiction  as  the 
Supreme  Court  over  causes  originating  in,  or  between  residents  of,  the  city. 
Their  Judges  receive  $15,000  a  year.  The  Judges  of  the  three  courts  are 
elected  for  fourteen  years,  and  they  sit  in  the  County  Court  House. 

The  City  Court  is  a  tribunal  of  limited  jurisdiction.  Its  Judges  are 
elected  for  six  years.  Their  salary  is  $10,000  a  year.  They  sit  in  the  City 
Hall. 

There  are  eleven  district  civil  courts,  having  jurisdiction  over  local  causes 
involving  $250  or  less.  Appeals  from  them  lie  to  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  The  places  of  holding  court  are:  1st  District,  Chambers  and  Cen- 
tre Sts. ;  2d  Dist.,  Grand  and  Centre  Sts. ;  3d  Dist.,  Jefferson  Market;  4th 
Dist.,  2d  Ave.  and  1st  St.;  5th  Dist.,  154  Clinton  St.;  6th  Dist.,  2d  Ave. 
and  23d  St.;  7th  Dist.,  151  E.  57th  St.;  8th  Dist.,  7th  Ave.  and  22d  St.;  9th 
Dist.,  150  E.  125th  St.;  10th  Dist.,  3d  Ave.  and  38th  St.;  nth  Dist.,  919  8th 
Ave.  The  Civil  Justices  receive  $6,000  a  year,  and  are  elected  for  six 
years. 

The  fifteen  Police  Justices  are  appointed  by  the  Mayor  for  ten  years  at 
$8,000  a  year.  Three  of  them  hold  the  Court  of  Special  Sessions  without  a 
jury,  in  the  Tombs,  where  there  is  also  an  ordinary  police  court  in  session 
daily. 

The  Courts  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  (held  in  the  County  Court  House)  and 
General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  (held  in  the  "  Brown  Stone  Building  "  in  the 
City  Hall  Park)  are  those  in  which  criminals  are  tried  by  jury  after  indict- 
ment. The  Oyer  and  Terminer  meets  at  intervals,  and  is  presided  over  by 
a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The  General  Sessions  Court  sits  through- 
out the  year.  Four  magistrates  sit  upon  its  bench,  holding  separate 
branches.  Their  salary  is  $12,000  each.  Appeal  from  the  Oyer  and  Ter- 
miner and  General  Sessions  lies  to  the  Supreme  Court,  General  Term.  In 
murder  cases  the  appeal  is  directly  to  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Jurors  for  all  excepting  the  district  courts  are  provided  by  a  Commis- 
sioner of  Jurors,  appointed  by  the  Mayor  for  six  years,  at  $5,000  a  year. 
His  office  is  in  the  Stewart  Building. 

Licenses  to  sell  liquor  are  granted  by  the  Commissioners  of  Excise, 
who  are  appointed  by  the  Mayor  for  three  years,  at  $5,000  each.  Their 
office  is  at  the  Bowery  and  Bond  St. 

The  Court  of  Arbitration  is  held  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  is 
presided  over  by  an  Arbitrator  whose  function  it  is  to  pass  upon  disputes 
submitted  to  him  and  growing  out  of  mercantile  contracts.  If  it  is  desired 
by  the  parties  additional  arbitrators  may  be  associated  with  the  official 
who  presides  over  the  court.   The  Arbitrator  is  appointed  by  the  Governor, 


162  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  continue  in  office  during  good  behavior. 
He  is  paid  by  fees.  The  present  Arbitrator  is  Enoch  L.  Fancher.  George 
Wilson,  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  is  clerk  of  the  court. 

Guardians  of  the  Port  of  New  York  are  the  Commissioners  of  Pilots. 
It  is  their  duty  to  prosecute  all  persons  who  dump  ashes,  mud,  garbage 
or  any  other  filling  into  the  rivers  or  harbor;  as  well  as  to  license,  oversee 
and  discipline  the  Sandy  Hook  pilots.  The  Commissioners  have  an  office 
at  24  State  street.  Three  of  them  are  elected  by  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, and  two  by  the  Board  of  Marine  Underwriters,  all  for  a  term  of  two 
years. 

Port  Wardens — who  are  nine  in  number — appointed  by  the  Governor, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  a  term  of  three  years,  have  a  function 
similar  to  that  of  the  Commissioners  of  Pilots.  They  control  the  Hellgate 
pilots.  They  also  survey  vessels  that  have  suffered  damage  at  sea,  and 
determine  whether  ships'  cargoes  are  properly  stowed.  Their  office  is  No. 
17  South  St. 

Quarantine  provisions  and  the  machinery  to  enforce  them,  are  an 
important  feature  of  the  government  of  New  York.  From  the  time  of  the 
Quarantine  riots  on  Staten  Island,  thirty  years  ago,  until  recently,  a 
quarantine  establishment  was  forbidden  elsewhere  than  on  artificial  islands 
in  the  lower  bay.  An  act  of  the  legislature,  which  only  came  to  the  public 
notice  when  the  residents  of  Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  tried  to  prevent  the  landing 
on  Fire  Island  of  passengers  from  ships  on  which  had  been  cases  of  cholera, 
now  invests  the  Health  Officer  with  discretion  respecting  such  an  establish- 
ment elsewhere.  This  officer  is  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with 
the  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  a  term  of  two  years,  and  to  hold  office  until  his 
successor  appears.  His  salary  is  $10,000.  He  must  be  a  physician  of  at 
least  ten  years'  experience;  and  it  is  his  duty  to  inform  himself  respecting 
the  condition  of  health  of  the  persons  aboard  every  vessel  that  enters  the 
port,  and  to  put  into  operation  whatever  rules  of  quarantine  may  be  neces- 
sary to  prevent  the  entrance  of  disease.  To  this  end  he  is  equipped  with 
many  and  various  powers.  The  Commissioners  of  Quarantine  are  three 
residents  of  New  York,  Brooklyn,  or  Staten  Island,  appointed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  take  charge  of  all  the  property  of  the 
state  at  the  quarantine  station,  to  construct  floating  hospitals,  warehouses, 
and  wet-docks  for  the  reception  of  infected  persons,  goods  or  ships,  and  to 
maintain  the  hospitals,  etc.,  with  the  aid  of  persons  to  be  employed  by  the 
Health  Officer  and  paid  by  him  out  of  fees  received  for  the  sanitary  inspec- 
tion or  disinfection  of  vessels.  Should  any  person  prove,  on  appeal  to 
them,  that  the  Health  Officer  has  acted  arbitrarily  and  without  discretion, 
they  may  over-rule  him.  After  he  has  paid  the  salaries  of  himself  and  hi& 
employes,  the    Health    Officer  must  turn  any  surplus  fees  over  to  the 


GOVERNMENT.  163 

Quarantine  Commissioners  for  the  preservation  and  repair  of  the  property  in 
their  care.  The  Commissioners  receive  $2,500  a  year  and  are  appointed 
for  three  years.  They  are  :  George  W.  Anderson,  Charles  F.  Allen,  and 
Nicholas  Muller.  Wm.  T.  Jenkins,  M.  D.,  is  the  Health  Officer  of  the 
Port. 

Of  the  militia,  or  National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New  York,  more  than 
one-third — or  about  5,500  men — is  in  this  city.  It  is  a  well-drilled  and  dis- 
ciplined force.  In  the  past  thirty  years  it  has  been  called  out  many  times 
either  to  meet  invaders,  or  to  quell  rioters.  The  most  recent  active 
duty  it  has  done  was  in  over-awing  the  riotous  switchmen  at  Buffalo, 
and  the  belligerent  clam-diggers  at  Fire  Island.  The  force  is  one  brigade, 
commanded  by  Brigader-General  Louis  Fitzgerald,  and  consisting  of  seven 
regiments  of  infantry,  two  batteries,  each  of  four  guns,  a  troop  of  cavalry, 
and  a  signal  corps.  These  several  organizations,  their  commanders,  and 
the  locations  of  their  armories  are: 

7th  Regiment;  Col.  Daniel  Appleton;  corner  of  East  67th  St.  and  Park 
avenue. 

8th  Regiment;  Col.  George  D.  Scott;  corner  East  94th  St.  and  Park 
avenue. 

9th  Regiment;  Col.  Wm.  Seward;  221  W.  26th  St. 

12th  Regiment;  Col.  Heman  Dowd;  corner  W.  62d  St.  and  Columbus 
avenue. 

22d  Regiment;  Col.  John  T.  Camp;  Boulevard  and  W.  68th  St. 

69th  Regiment;  Col.  James  Cavanagh;  Third  avenue  and  7th  St. 

71st  Regiment;  Col.  Francis  V.  Greene;  temporarily,  Lexington  avenne 
and  107th  St. 

1st  Battery;  Captain  Louis  Wendel;  340  W.  44th  St. 

2d  Battery;  Capt.  David  Wilson;  810  7th  avenue. 

Troop  A;  Capt.  Cha's  F.  Roe;  136  W.  56th  St. 

Signal  and  Telegraph  Corps;  Capt.  Albert  Gallup;  132  W.  56th  St. 

Since  the  Seventh  Regiment  procured  its  magnificent  armory  by  pop- 
ular subscription  the  city  has  spent  about  $2,000,000  in  the  erection  of 
armories  for  other  regiments.  Besides  the  Seventh,  the  8th,  12th  and  22d 
Regiments  are  now  housed  in  buildings  well-equipped  with  the  means  to 
instruct,  entertain,  and  develop  the  strength  of  the  young  soldiers.  An 
armory  is  building  for  the  Seventy-first  Regiment  at  Park  avenue  and  34th 
street,  and  plans  are  in  preparation  for  one  for  the  Sixty-ninth  Regiment 
partly  on  the  site  of  its  present  home.  The  armories  are  erected  under  the 
direction  of  the  Armory  Board  of  which  Brigadier-General  Fitzgerald,  and 
the  senior  Colonel  of  the  brigade  (Col.  James  Cavanagh,  of  the  69th)  are 
members  with  the  Mayor,  Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  and  President  of 
the  Department  of  Taxes,     New  York  takes  great  pride  in  her  citizen 


164  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW   YORK. 

soldiers   and  they  justify  it  by  always   answering  most  promptly  when 
summoned  for  active  duty  of  any  kind. 

Federal  Courts  and  Offices. 

This  city  is  in  the  Southern  District  of  the  State  of  New  York,  which 
also  comprises  the  counties  of  Orange,  Rockland,  Westchester,  Putnam, 
Dutchess,  Columbia,  Ulster,  Sullivan  and  Greene.  The  District  Court  is 
held  in  the  Post  Office  Building.  The  United  States  Circuit  Court  also  sits 
in  the  Post  Office  Building.  Other  Federal  offices  are:  Custom  House, 
Wall  and  William  streets;  U.  S.  Public  Stores,  No.  402  Washington  street; 
Sub-Treasury,  Wall  and  Nassau  streets;  Assay  Office,  next  to  Sub-Treas- 
ury; National  Bank  Examiner,  45  Broadway;  Post  Office,  Broadway 
and  Park  Row;  Internal  Revenue  Collectors'  Offices,  No.  114  Nassau 
street  and  153  Fourth  avenue.  Military — Division  of  the  Atlantic,  (head- 
quarters, Governor's  Island;)  various  bureau  of  the  military  service,  No. 
39  Whitehall  street;  Naval — Navy  Yard,  Brooklyn;  Shipping  Commissioner, 
25  Pearl  street;  Superintendent  of  Immigration,  Ellis  Island;  Pension 
agent,  398  Canal  street;  Secret  Service  Office,  Post  Office  Building; 
Supervisor  of  the  Harbor,  39  Whitehall  street;  Inspector,  Bureau  of  Ani- 
mal Industry,  18  Broadway;  Inspector  Life  Saving  Service,  24  State  street; 
Loan  Commissioners,  170  Broadway;  Observer,  Weather  Bureau,  120 
Broadway;  Inspectors,  Steam  Vessels,  Post  Office  Building-. 


fUBLie  WOf^KS. 


The    Masterpieces    of   Constructive    Skill  Which   Make    New  York  so 
Comfortable  a  City  to  Live  in. 


New  York  has  public  works  unsurpassed  for  the  skill  with  which  they 
have  been  planned  and  constructed,  and  in  adaptation  to  popular  conven- 
ience, comfort  and  health.  Its  East  River  Bridge  is  a  marvel  to  engineers 
— one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world.  Its  parks  are  large  and  well  kept.  Its 
aqueducts  carry  water  sufficient  for  all  the  needs  of  many  more  than  its 
present  number  of  inhabitants. 

Defenses. 

For  these  the  United  States  government  is  responsible.  They  are 
somewhat  antiquated,  excepting  where  old  stone  fortifications  have  been 
strengthened  with  modern  earthworks,  as  at  Fort  Hamilton,  on  Long 
Island  and  Fort  Wadsworth,  on  Staten  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  the 
Narrows.  At  Sandy  Hook  is  an  old  stone  fortification,  only  partly  built,  on 
which  work  was  stopped  years  ago,  and  which  is  disappearing  in  the  sand. 
A  modern  work  is  to  be  built  on  the  Hook,  and  equipped  with  mortars  and 
big  rifled  guns.  On  Plum  Island,  across  the  lower  bay  from  Sandy  Hook, 
at  the  mouth  of  Sheepshead  Bay  and  to  the  eastward  of  Coney  Island,  a 
strong  battery  is  to  be  constructed,  and  another  on  Dyker's  Beach  to  the 
eastward  of  Fort  Hamilton  and  behind  the  western  point  of  Coney  Island. 
Further  strengthening  of  Forts  Hamilton  and  Wadsworth  with  big  rifles 
and  side  batteries  is  projected.  The  tumble-down  old  Fort  Lafayette,  be- 
between  the  two  forts  in  the  Narrows,  may  also  be  utilized  for  pneumat- 
ic dynamite  guns.  The  forts  in  the  upper  bay  are  Fort  Columbus,  Castle 
Williams  and  the  South  Battery  on  Governor's  Island,  and  Fort  Wood,  on 
Bedlow's  Island.  They  are  old,  and  of  stone.  Fort  Schuyler  is  on  the 
point  of  Throgg's  Neck,  Westchester  County;  and  an  earthwork,  not  offi- 
cially named,  is  opposite  it  on  Willet's  Point,  Long  Island.  Here  is 
the  entrance  from  Long  Island  Sound  to  the  East  River,  and  the  eastern 
limit  of  New  York  harbor.  The  river  is  very  narrow  here.  Fort  Schuyler 
.is  built  of  stone.     Its  construction  was  begun  in  1833.     It  is  to  be  supple- 


1G6  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

mented  with  earthworks  and  a  battery  of  four  twelve-inch  mortars.  Other 
works  are  to  be  built  on  Willett's  Point,  and  an  eight-inch  rifle  is  to  be 
mounted  there  on  a  disappearing  carriage. 

Bridges. 

The  great  suspension  structure  from  New  York  to  Brooklyn  is  the 
prinoipal  one.  Its  construction  was  begun  in  1870,  and  it  was  opened  to 
traffic  on  May  24,  1883.  The  river  span  is  1,595  feet  long.  The  towers  be- 
tween which  it  is  suspended  are  272  feet  high,  50  feet  wide  on  the  water- 
line  and  140  feet  deep.  They  rest  on  caissons,  sunk  deep  and  filled  with 
concrete.  Four  cables,  passing  over  the  towers  and  anchored  930  feet  from 
them  on  either  side,  sustain  the  structure.  Each  cable  contains  5,296 
galvanized  and  oil-coated  steel  wires,  each  3,572  feet  long,  extending  paral- 
lel with,  and  wrapped  to,  a  solid  steel  cylinder.  The  bridge  is  85  feet  wide, 
divided  into  spaces  for  foot  passengers,  two  cable  railroad  tracks  and  two 
wagon-ways.  The  floor  of  the  bridge  is  135  feet  above  high  water  at  the 
centre  of  the  span,  and  119  feet  3  inches  at  the  towers.  The  cable  anchor- 
plates  weigh  23  tons  each,  and  are  set  in  towers  89  feet  high  and  129  by  119 
feet  at  base.  Piers  and  arches  support  the  approaches  to  the  bridge  proper. 
In  these  arches  on  the  New  York  side  are  warehouses.  The  length  of  the 
structure  from  Park  Row,  New  York,  to  Sands  St.,  Brooklyn,  is  5,989  feet. 
South  of  Sands  street  is  a  structure  for  the  storage  and  switching  of  cable 
cars.  The  New  York  tower  contains  46,945  cubic  yards  of  masonry,  and 
the  Brooklyn  tower  38,214  cubic  yards.  Foot  passage  over  the  bridge  is  free. 
By  cable  car  a  trip  across  is  three  cents.  The  bridge  cost  to  build  about 
$15,000,000.  Its  annual  receipts  are  about  $1,900,000.  To  maintain  it  and 
police  it  with  a  special  force  costs  about  $1,750,000.  About  150,000  pas- 
sengers cross  it  daily. 

Other  bridges  across  the  East  River  from  New  York  to  the  part  of 
Brooklyn  known  as  Williamsburg,  and  to  Long  Island  City,  are  projected. 
The  bridges  over  the  Harlem  are  the  Suburban  Elevated  Railroad  Co.'s, 
at  Second  avenue;  the  Harlem  Railroad  Co.'s,  at  Fourth  and  Madison 
avenues,  and  the  New  York  City  and  Northern  Railroad  Co.'s  at  Eighth 
avenue;  the  Third  avenue,  McComb's  Dam,  High  and  Washington.  The 
last-named  is  a  handsome  structure,  connecting  181st  St.,  on  Manhattan  Is- 
land, with  Aqueduct  avenue,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  river.  Its  length  is 
2,375  feet,  and  its  height  is  133.5  feet  above  the  river.  It  is  composed  of 
two  steel  arches,  each  with  a  span  of  510  feet — one  crossing  the  river  and 
the  other  the  lowland  under  Fordham  Heights — with  three  stone  piers  and 
two  stone  abutments.  The  piers  are  40  feet  thick  and  98  feet  long  at  the 
places  from  which  the  arches  spring,  and  up  to  those  places  they  are  of  solid 
concrete,  faced  with  dressed  granite.     Above,  they  are  cellular.     The  abut- 


PUBLIC  WORKS.  161 

ments  are  semi-circular  arches  of  masonry,  each  having  a  60  feet  span, 
with  piers  13  feet  thick  at  the  springing  line  of  the  arches.  These  abut- 
ments are  each  235  feet  long.  On  the  bridge  are  a  carriageway  50  feet  wide, 
and  two  footways  each  15  feet  wide.  It  is  not  only  a  handsome  work,  but 
a  remarkable  example  of  the  use  of  new  devices  for  the  construction  of 
metal  arches.     It  cost  $2,700,000. 

High  Bridge  at  175th  St.  was  built  fifty-two  years  ago  to  carry  the 
Croton  Aqueduct  across  the  Harlem.  It  affords  no  passage  for  wagons, 
the  jarring  of  which  might  crack  the  big  iron  pipes  in  which  the  water 
flows.  For  many  years  it  was  one  of  New  York's  wonders,  and  it  is  still  a 
worthy  specimen  of  engineering  skill.  It  is  made  of  thirteen  granite  arches 
and  piers,  the  arches  being  116  feet  high.     Its  length  is  1,460  feet. 

The  McComb's  Dam  Bridge,  and  the  great  Viaduct,  now  constructing, 
will  certainly  be  among  of  the  most  interesting  of  the  public  works.  The 
bridge  will  be  the  widest  and  longest  draw-bridge  in  the  country.  The  width 
will  be  66  feet  6  inches-,  allowing  43  feet  6  inches  for  a  carriageway,  and  1 1 
feet  6  inches  on  each  side  for  foot  passengers.  Its  length  will  be  2,120  feet 
and  its  height  above  spring-tide  29  feet.     Its  cost  will  be  $1,250,000. 

The  Viaduct  runs  from  this  bridge,  and  from  7th  and  8th  avenues,  to 
the  top  of  the  bluff  of  Washington  Heights  at  155th  street  and  St.  Nicholas 
Place.  Here  the  bluff  is  105  feet  high.  At  Eighth  avenue,  the  Viaduct 
passes  over  the  Elevated  Railroad  station,  at  a  height  of  69  feet  from  the 
roadway.  It  is  an  iron  and  steel  structure,  with  stone  supports.  It  is  60 
feet  wide,  and  is  to  have  a  carriageway  of  40  feet,  and  two  sidewalks,  each 
10  feet  wide.  The  sidewalks  will  be  of  asphalt,  and  the  carriageway  will  be 
paved  with  granite  blocks,  set  in  an  elastic  cement  that  will  soften  or  hard- 
en under  the  weather  in  sympathy  with  the  expansion  or  contraction  of 
the  metal  of  the  superstructure.     The  Viaduct  will  cost  $644,000. 

A  railroad  bridge  from  the  heights  of  Weehawken,  N.  J.,  across  the 
Hudson  River  to  the  line  of  West  67th  St.  is  also  projected.  Ground  has 
been  broken  on  both  sides  of  the  river;  but  nothing  further  has  been  done, 
as  the  company  lacks  authorization  from  the  Federal  Government. 

Tunnels. — Under  this  head  may  be  treated  the  so-called  "Fourth  Av- 
enue Improvement."  This  is  a  series  of  tunnels,  open  cuts,  and  over-grade 
railroad  structures,  by  which  trains  from  the  Grand  Central  Station  reach 
the  Harlem  River.  The  Harlem  Railroad  had  the  right  to  run  down  into 
the  city  at  grade,  and  the  city  to  get  rid  of  that  right,  joined  with  the 
railroad  company,  then  controlled  by  Commodore  Vandcrbilt,  to 
do  this  work.  It  was  completed  in  1875,  and  the  city  paid 
$3,000,000  toward  its  cost,  which  was  estimated  at  $6,000,000.  A  tunnel 
under  the  Hudson  from  about  the  foot  of  Clarkson  St.  to  the 
foot  of  19th  St.,  Jersey  City,  has  been  in  course  of  construction  for  fifteen 


m  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

years.  The  work  was  begun  on  the  New  Jersey  side,  and  the  tunnel  is 
cut  almost  half  way  over  from  there.  The  tunnel  from  the  New  York 
shore  is  out  only  a  short  distance.  They  are  intended  to  meet;  and  they 
are  constructed  through  the  silt  of  the  river  bottom,  the  work  being  done 
in  a  chamber  of  compressed  air,  which  keeps  the  silt  from  collapsing  while 
the  work  of  building  the  great  iron  tube  which  becomes  tne  tunnel  goes  on. 
Brick  work  is  next  put  within  the  tube.  The  enterprise  has  been  dropped 
from  time  to  time.  English  capital  is  now  interested  in  it.  It  may  ulti- 
mately be  the  means  of  bringing  railroad  freight  into  the  city,  without  re* 
handling  in  Jersey  City,  but  the  prospect  is  not  the  best  at  present.  A 
number  of  men  were  killed  by  the  breaking  of  the  Hudson  into  the  tunnel 
some  years  ago.  A  tunnel  from  Long  Island  City  under  the  East  River  to 
this  city  (along  the  line  of  426.  street)  and  the  Hudson  River  to  Weehawken 
has  long  been  in  contemplation. 

Aqueducts  and  Reservoirs. — Two  Aqueducts  supply  New  York,  and 
they  rank  among  the  great  works  of  their  kind.  Both  bring  the  water  of 
the  Croton  Valley,  but  the  old  one  alone  is  known  as  the  Croton  Aqueduct. 
The  other  is  called  the  New  Aqueduct.  Through  them  more  water  is  sup- 
plied to  the  people  of  New  York  per  head  than  is  at  the  disposal  of  indi- 
vidual citizens  of  any  other  city  in  the  world.  The  Croton  Aqueduct  was 
completed  in  1842.  It  is  of  brick  and  stone,  elliptical  in  shape,  8  1-2  feet 
high  and  7  1-2  across  at  the  middle,  and  was  intended  to  have  a  capacity  of 
60,000,000  gallons  a  day.  But  for  years  before  the  New  Aqueduct  was 
completed  in  1890,  it  was  over-strained  by  the  carrying  of  a  much  larger 
supply.  At  times  its  breaking,  and  a  consequent  water  famine,  were 
feared.  After  repairs  it  will  be  good  as  new.  This  is  the  aqueduct 
which  crosses  the  Harlem  on  High  Bridge.  The  New  Aqueduct  is  30.75 
miles  in  length,  from  its  beginning  at  Croton  Lake  to  135th  St.  and  Tenth 
avenue.  It  is  in  the  main  a  tunnel,  and  in  part  is  through  solid  rock. 
From  its  start  to  a  point  a  little  north  of  Jerome  Park  it  is  13.53  feet  high, 
and  13.6  feet  wide,  and  has  a  capacity  of  318,000,000  gallons  in  24 hours.  At 
this  point  it  is  proposed  to  build  a  distributing  reservoir  from  which  the 
water  will  be  sent  under  pressure.  Here  the  size  of  the  aqueduct  changes 
to  a  diameter  of  12  feet  3  inches,  at  which  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the 
Harlem  River,  when  it  is  only  10  feet  5  inches  in  diameter.  Below  Jerome 
Park  it  has  a  daily  capacity  of  .250,000,000  gallons.  It  passes  under  the 
Harlem  River  307  feet  below  the  tide.  Its  distance  from  the  earth's  surface 
varies  along  its  course  from  22  feet  to  420  feet.  Near  the  Harlem  River  an 
extraordinary  descent  was  made  necessary  by  the  discovery  of  a  great  mass 
of  rotten  rock.  At  135th  street,  twelve  48-inch  pipes  are  connected  with  the 
aqueduct.  Of  these  4  run  directly  to  the  city's  distributive  pipe  system,  4 
run  into  the  Croton  (old)  Aqueduct,  and  4  run  to  the  large  reservoir  in  Cen- 


I    F    YOU    SEE  IT    IN    THE    SUN, 

•  •  it's  so 


L  T=5£J 

FIFTH 


A     V  1 


CARPETS. 

The  most  complete  and  elegant  line  of  novelties  in  Wil- 
tons, Gobelins,  Moquettes,  Velvets,  Brussels,  &c.,  in  exclu- 
sive styles,  ever  offered  to  the  public,  all  at  exceedingly 
attractive  prices.     We  call  special  attention  to  our 

Royal  Wiltons 
and  Wilton  Velvets, 

(which  we  believe  to  be  the  best  wearing  carpets  made.) 

Also  to  our  New  Weave  Ingrains,  equal  to  a  Body  Brus- 
sels, and  in  style  and  effect  rich  as  a  Wilton.  Odd 
Patterns  in  Extra  Supers  at  greatly  reduced  prices. 

UPHOLSTERY. 

$100,000  worth  Furniture  Coverings,  Hangings,  Plush, 
&c,  at  lowest  prices  in  the  city. 

Chenille  and  Lace  Curtains, 

In  the  latest  designs  and  in  all  the  leading  makes  at 
specially  reduced  prices. 

FURNITURE. 

Some  elegant  parlor  suits,  our  own  exclusive  designs,  which  we  will 
close  out  at  prices  far  below  that  charged  for  first-class  work  elsewhere. 

Parties  purchasing  their  coverings  from  us  can  have  their  furniture  re- 
upholstered  and  covered  in  the  best  manner  at  moderate  charges. 


SHEPPARD  KNAPP  &  CO., 

Sixth  Ave.,  13th  and  14th  Sts.,  New  York, 


PUBLIC  WORKS.  160 

tral  Park.  The  flow  of  water  is  controlled  by  gates  at  Croton  Dam  and  at 
135th  St.  Another  means  of  control  will  be  afforded  by  the  gates  of  the  dam 
near  Jerome  Park.  At  present  the  aqueducts  draw  their  supplies  from 
Croton  Lake  and  the  storage  reservoirs  of  Boyd's  Corners,  Middle  Branch, 
and  some  natural  lakes. 

Five  Reserv Mrs  are  building — Sodom,  to  hold  67  feet  of  water;  Bog 
Brook,  to  hold  60  feet;  Titicus,  to  hold  104  feet;  Amawalk,  to  hold  90  feet; 
and  Carmel,  to  hold  63  feet.  Together,  these,  it  is  estimated,  will  have  a 
storage  capacity  of  30,000,000,000  gallons.  A  contract  was  let  in  Septem- 
ber, 1892,  by  the  Aqueduct  Commission  for  the  construction  of  a  dam  178 
feet  above  the  bed  of  the  Croton  River  and  265  feet  above  its  bed-rock,  at 
what  is  known  as  the  Cornell  Site,  below  the  present  Croton  Dam.  This 
will  catch  all  the  water  that  now  escapes  over  the  old  dam  and  increase  the 
capacity  of  Croton  Lake  by  about  32,000,000,000  gallons.  The  contract 
price  of  this  dam  is  $4,150,573.  The  entire  cost  of  the  New  Aqueduct, 
prior  to  the  letting  of  that  contract,  was  $26,000,000,  of  which  the  construc- 
tion cost  was  about  $20,000,000.  Of  the  four  reservoirs  in  the  city  the  re- 
taining reservoir  in  Central  Park  has  a  capacity  of  1,030,000,000  gallons; 
the  receiving  reservoir,  next  to  it,  has  a  capacity  of  150,000,000  gallons;  the 
distributing  reservoir  at  5th  Ave.  and  42d  St.  one  of  20,000,000,  and  the 
"  high  service  "  reservoir  at  High  Bridge  one  of  11,000,000.  To  force  water 
to  the  highest  places  in  the  city,  towers  and  pumps  are  provided  at  High 
Bridge  and  at  9th  avenue  and  97th  St.  The  city  also  has  a  reservoir  at 
Williamsbridge.  which  receives  water  from  the  Bronx  River  and  distributes 
about  9,000,000  gallons  a  day.  For  its  water  supply  it  has  spent  about 
$77,000,000  since  the  Croton  Aqueduct  was  begun  fifty-three  years  ago,  and 
has  received  about  $60,000,000  in  rents. 

Paving. — There  are  about  360  miles  of  paved  streets  in  this  city.  Below 
the  Harlem  River  there  are  319.57  miles  paved  with  stone,  1.05  with  cobble, 
27.77  with  asphalt,  22.25  with  Macadam,  and  .03  with  wood.  Since  May, 
1889,  much  progress  has  been  made  toward  converting  New  York  into  a 
well-paved  city.  In  addition  to  the  usual  sum  of  $350,000  a  year  spent  out 
of  taxation  for  repaving,  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  has  had  power 
to  expend  $1,000,000  a  year,  raised  by  the  issuance  of  long-time  bonds.  A 
good  part  of  this  has  been  expended  in  asphalt  work,  which  in  some  places 
has  been  laid  over  the  old  stone  pavement.  It  has  been  found  beneficial  to 
lay  asphalt  in  poor  parts  of  the  city,  because  it  can  be  kept  clean  better 
than  stone;  but  where  heavy  trucking  is  done  granite  blocks  have  to  be 
used.     In  1891  the  new  pavements  laid  measured  27.42  miles. 

Sewerage. — There  are  about  500  miles  of  sewers  in  New  York.  Of 
these  444.29  miles  are  below  the  Harlem  River.  The  city  is  admirably 
situated  for  the  disposal  of  sewerage  by  way  of  the  rivers,  but  for  years  nui- 


170  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

sances  existed  through  the  dropping  of  the  waste  into  the  docks,  distant 
from  the  current.  This  evil  is  now  undergoing  rapid  correction  by  the 
building  of  marginal  sewers  and  the  extension  of  outlets  to  the  ends  of 
piers  where  the  sewerage  is  discharged  immediately  into  the  river  flow. 
Damage  from  the  overflow  of  sewers  rarely  occurs,  as  a  system  of  inspec- 
tion enables  obstructions  speedily  to  be  discovered  and  removed. 

Street  Illumination. — 531  miles  of  streets,  bridges  and  wharves  are 
lighted  nightly  with  27,083  gas  lamps,  1,199  electric  lamps,  and  140  naphtha 
lamps. 

Street  Cleaning. — New  York  is  cleaner  than  ever  before,  and  com- 
pares favorably  with  the  cleanest  cities  of  Europe.  A  new  system,  under 
which  the  Street  Cleaning  Department  has  been  reorganized  recently,  is 
found  to  work  advantageously.  This  was  admitted  by  physicians  whose 
views  were  expressed  during  the  recent  period  when  it  was  feared  that 
cholera  might  attack  the  city. 

Docks. — It  is  a  long,  arduous  and  costly  work — millions  of  dollars  have 
already  been  spent — to  rid  the  city  of  the  old  wooden  wharves  and  interior 
bulkheads  with  which  its  river-fronts  have  been  built  up.  But  they  are 
going,  and  are  being  replaced  with  staunch  wharves  and  deep  and  wide 
piers.  Ultimately  the  city  will  be  bordered  with  spacious  streets  and 
wharves  capable  of  caring  for  the  commerce  of  the  world.  A  special  feat- 
ure of  some  of  the  wharves  is  a  provision  made  for  elevated  platforms  on 
which  the  poor  may  sit  and  get  the  river  breezes  in  summer. 

Parks. — With  these  New  York  is  well  supplied.  In  1889  it  purchased 
3,619  acres  of  natural  park  land  in  the  Annexed  District  and  in  Westchester 
County,  just  beyond,  at  a  cost  of  $9,000,000.  In  Central  Park  it  had  828 
acres,  and  there  were  hundreds  of  acres  in  the  parks  elsewhere  in  the  city. 
It  has  been  determined  to  make  parks  in  some  of  the  poorer  parts  of  the  city. 
Mulberry  Park  is  to  adorn  the  neighborhood  of  the  Five  Points;  Corlears 
Park  is  to  make  pleasant  the  old  resort  of  gangs  of  East  River  thieves;  the 
wild  and  rocky  bluff  along  the  Harlem,  from  155th  St.  to  the  Washington 
Bridge,  is  to  be  taken  for  a  park;  old  Greenwich  Village  at  Leroy  and 
Clarkson  Sts.  is  to  be  made  picturesque  again.  These  improvements,  with 
the  many  small  parks  already  in  the  city,  will  make  New  York  one  of  the 
handsomest,  and  by  giving  opportunity  for  air  currents,  one  of  the  most 
healthful  cities  in  the  world. 

Electrical  Suhways. — New  York  was  once  bound  and  tangled  up  with 
telegraph,  telephone,  and  electric  light  wires.  A  law  against  the  continu- 
ance of  them  and  of  the  poles  supporting  them  in  the  streets  was  passed 
years  ago,  but  it  was  a  dead  letter.  Now  the  poles  and  wires  are  gone 
from  view  in  all  but  a  few  parts  of  the  city.  There  are  conduits  or  sub- 
way;; in  the  principal  streets,  and  through  these  the  wires   are   run.     They 


PUBLIC  WORKS.  171 

are  laid  and  leased  by  a  private  corporation,  under  the  direction  of  a  public 
commission,  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  Mayor. 

Harlem  River  Canal  is  a  cut  intended  to  connect  that  river  with  the 
Hudson  by  a  straight  line,  doing  away  with  the  shallow  and  winding  Spuy- 
ten  Duyvil  Creek.  This  work  is  in  the  hands  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, the  City  of  New  York  providing  the  right  of  way.  It  is  not  far 
advanced  and  it  may  be  discontinued,  as  it  is  now  proposed  to  fill  in  the 
Harlem  River  and  the  creek,  doing  away  with  the  "Island  of  Manhattan." 
A  Board  of  United  States  Engineers  is  inquiring  into  this  project. 


flNANGIAlo  IJMSTITUTIOJMS. 


The  Custom  House — Sub-Treasury — Assay  Office  —  Clearing  House 
Stock  Exchange  —  Banks  and  Trust  Companies  —  Insurance. 


These  institutions  in  this,  the  financial  centre  of  the  Western  world,  are 
so  numerous  and  varied  in  their  character,  that  only  those  of  the  greatest 
public  interest  and  with  whose  dealings  the  public  are  most  concerned  can 
be  mentioned.  It  is  necessary  to  limit  this  article  to  those  corporate  insti- 
tutions of  a  strictly  financial  nature,  entirely  omitting  the  private  bankers 
and  dealers  in  bullion  and  exchange  who,  in  many  instances,  have  more  to 
do  with  the  supremacy  of  New  York  as  a  money  centre  than  the  corporate 
institutions.  How  pre-eminently  New  York  is  the  financial  depot  of  this 
continent,  is  best  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  while  the  clearances  of  the  New 
York  Clearing  House  amount  to  about  thirty-five  billion  dollars  yearly,  the 
clearances  of  all  the  other  clearing  houses  in  the  country  amount  to  less  than 
twenty  billions.  The  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  Sub-Treasury  here 
are  yearly  about  a  billion  each. 

The  Custom  House,  occupying  the  block  bounded  by  Wall,  Hanover 
and  William  Streets  and  Exchange  Place,  with  the  Naval  Office,  which  is 
one  of  its  departments,  on  the  opposite  side  of  Exchange  Place  and  con- 
nected with  the  Custom  House  proper  by  an  enclosed  bridge,  is  in  striking 
contrast  to  the  modern  tall  buildings  which  rise  around  it  on  every  side, 
and  gives  an  impression  of  solidity  not  produced  by  them.  The  main  en- 
trance is  in  Wall  Street  whence  a  flight  of  granite  steps  leads  to  the  cir- 
cular mam  hall.  The  ceiling  of  this  hall  is  a  large  dome  springing  from 
windows  drap  ed  with  the  American  flag.  In  the  center  of  the  room  is  a 
globe  clock  with  four  faces  on  which  is  perched  an  eagle  with  outstretched 
wings.  Surrounding  this  globe  in  a  circle  are  the  desks  of  the  entry  clerks, 
by  whom  entries  of  goods  are  examined  and  passed.  The  rooms  of  the 
other  officers  and  clerks  occupying  five  floors  are  ranged  around  the  entire 
inner  square  of  the  Custom  House.  Access  thereto  is  had  by  four  narrow 
and  poorly  lighted  halls. 

In  this  building  were  entered  during  the  Custom  House's  last  fiscal 
year,  ending  June  30th,  '92,  free  goods  to  the  amount  of  $255,000,000  and 


FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS.  173 

dutiable  goods  to  the  amount  of  $320,000,000  on  which  $130,000,000  in  duties 
was  collected.  This  Custom  House  yields  more  than  three-fifths  of  the 
entire  tariff  revenue  of  the  Federal  Government. 

These  enormous  transactions  naturally  make  the  Custom  House  one  of 
the  most  important  institutions  in  this  city.  The  amount  of  goods  entered 
here  yearly  is  regarded  as  a  fair  indication  of  the  general  prosperity  of  the 
country,  since  these  goods  are  not  merely  for  New  York  consumption,  but 
find  their  way  to  almost  every  hamlet  in  the  Republic. 

The  Custom  House  is  divided  into  departments,  the  chief  of  which  are 
the  Appraiser's  Department,  including  the  Appraiser's  stores,  under  charge 
of  the  Appraiser  of  the  Port,  where  goods  are  sent  to  be  examined  and  ap- 
praised; the  Naval  Office,  presided  over  by  the  Naval  Officer;  the  Survey- 
or's Department,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  Surveyor  of  the  Port,  whose  office 
Is  second  in  importance  only  to  that  of  the  Collector,  These  departments 
are  further  sub-divided. 

Nearly  all  business  here  is  done  by  Custom  House  brokers,  as  it  re- 
quires a  thorough  familiarity  with  Custom  House  regulations  to  get  an  en- 
try of  goods  passed  rapidly;  and  until  this  is  done  they  are  not  released  by 
the  Government,  which  has  a  lien  on  all  goods  until  the  duties  are  paid. 
Entries  of  goods  can  only  be  made  after  the  arrival  of  the  ship  transporting 
them  upon  presentation  of  an  invoice  setting  out  in  detail  the  contents  of 
each  package  together  with  a  bill  of  lading.  For  the  purposes  of  entry,  a 
bill  of  lading  is  accepted  as  proof  of  ownership. 

Four  kinds  of  entries  can  now  be  made:  "An  Immediate  Consump- 
tion Entry,"  by  which  is  meant  an  entry  of  goods  immediately  to  be  deliv- 
ered and  on  which  the  duties,  based  on  the  values  in  the  consignee's  in- 
voice, are  paid  at  the  time  of  making  the  entry.  A  certain  proportion,  say 
10  percent.,  of  all  dutiable  goods,  selected  at  random,  are  ordered  to  the  Ap- 
praiser's stores  for  examination.  Meantime,  if  the  goods  have  been  deliv- 
ered directly  from  the  ship,  the  person  entering  them  gives  his  penal  bond 
not  to  use  the  goods  delivered  until  his  entry  is  passed.  By  this  entry  the 
consignee  is  permitted,  provided  his  papers  are  passed  in  time,  to  get  his 
goods,  except  the  10  per  cent,  spoken  of,  direct  from  the  vessel;  but  if  he 
does  not  do  so,  the  goods  are  sent  to  the  General  Order  Stores,  involving 
additional  expense.  The  entry  is  then  liquidated;  that  is,  the  portion  of  the 
goods  which  have  been  sent  to  the  Appraiser's  Stores  is  examined  by  the 
appraisers ,  and  if  the  values  sworn  to  in  the  entry  papers  are  confirmed, 
the  entry  is  passed,  and  the  goods  sent  for  examination  are  delivered  to  the 
consignee  and  his  penal  bond  is  cancelled. 

The  second  form  of  entry  is  made  under  the  "  Warehouse  Act."  The 
goods  are  placed  in  a  bonded  warehouse,  and  the  consignee  has  three  years 
within  which  to  pay  the  duties.    If,  at  the  expiration  of  that  time,  the  du- 


174  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

ties  are  not  paid,  the  goods  are  sold  by  the  Government  to  pay  them.  Un- 
der this  form  of  entry  the  consigee  can,  upon  the  payment  of  the  duty  for 
the  part  withdrawn,  withdraw  such  parts  of  the  entry  as  he  desires,  from 
time  to  time,  provided  the  packages  are  not  broken. 

A  third  form  of  entry  is  one  made  for  immediate  export — i.  e.,  for 
goods  which  come  to  this  port  to  be  sent  to  some  foreign  country,  and 
which  are  not  to  be  consumed  here.  On  this  entry  no  duties  or  charges 
are  made  other  than  the  charges  for  cartage  and  for  papers.  Most  of  the 
papers  are  now  issued  free. 

A  fourth  form  of  entry  is  for  goods  going  to  some  other  city  in  this 
country,  which  are  simply  entered  here,  but  the  duties  on  which  are  ap- 
praised and  collected  at  the  Custom  House  in  the  Customs  District  of  their 
destination  as  before  described.  This  entry  is  termed  "  An  entry  for  Im- 
mediate Transportation  without  Appraisement." 

Nearly  three  thousand  clerks,  under  the  command  of  chiefs  of  divisions, 
are  employed  to  perform  the  labor  in  this  establishment. 

Many  of  the  clerks  have  been  in  the  Custom  House  service  for  years, 
the  Civil  Service  law  governing  the  appointment  and  promotion  of  all  clerks. 

The  Sub-Treasury's  present  home  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  City  Hall 
of  New  York,  subsequently  called  Federal  Hall,  where  Washington  took 
the  oath  of  office  as  our  first  President.  This  spot  is  now  marked  by  J.  Q. 
A.  Ward's  Statue  of  Washington,  which  breaks  the  rise  of  the  Wall  street 
steps.  The  building  fronts  on  Wall  street,  runs  through  to  Pine,  Nassau  being 
on  its  west  side  and  the  Assay  office  on  the  east.  It  is  notable  among  the 
lofty  buildings  surrounding  it  for  its  pure  architecture  as  well  as  its  evident 
suitability  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  used.  Its  strong  steel  gratings, 
large  safes,  great  vaults  and  uniformed  guards  and  attendant  policeman  on 
the  steps,  suggest  a  fitting  place  for  the  storing  of  millons.  When  com- 
pleted in  1842  it  was  first  used  for  a  Custom  House,  but  since  1862  it  has 
been  used  as  the  Sub-Treasury.  On  the  main  floor  and  in  the  basement 
are  the  vaults  where  the  gold  and  silver  are  stored,  after  being  received 
through  the  Pine  street  entrance.  On  this  floor  is  a  large  rotunda  sur- 
mounted by  a  well  lighted  dome.  A  semi-circle  of  desks  occupied  by  the 
cashier,  tellers  and  others  lines  it  on  both  sides,  the  offices  of  the  Assistant 
Treasurer  being  on  the  left,  and  that  of  the  Deputy-Assistant  Treasurer  on 
the  right  of  the  hall,  entering  from  Wall  street. 

In  the  Pine  street  end  is  the  Coin  Division,  where  coin  of  the  larger 
denominations  is  received  and  paid  out.  On  the  other  side  of  the  hall  is 
the  Minor  Coin  Division  where  the  smaller  coin  is  handled.  On  the  upper 
floors  are  the  accounting  offices  and  files. 

In  the  volume  of  business  transacted  this  Sub-Treasury  is  the  most  im- 
portant in  the  United  States;  in  fact,  it  is  more  important  than  all  the 


FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS.  175 

others  collectively,  as  fully  three-fifths  of  the  Federal  revenues  and  dis- 
bursements are  here  handled.  The  cost  of  handling  is  only  about  $1.01  to 
the  million  dollars  here,  whereas  in  the  other  sub-treasuries  the  average 
cost  is  $2.47  a  million. 

The  average  amount  of  cash  on  hand  is  hard  to  estimate,  as  it  varies 
daily,  not  in  thousands,  but  tens  of  millions,  and  runs  daily  from  one 
hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  millions,  and  at  times  as  high 
as  two  hundred  and  twenty  millions,  but  latterly  about  one  hundred 
and  thirty  millions  is  the  amount  usually  on  hand.  During  the  fiscal 
year  ending  July  1st,  1892,  this  Sub-Treasury  received  $928,000,000 
and  paid  out  $972,000,000,  reducing  the  cash  balance  by  about 
$44,000,000.  The  receipts  of  the  office  are  mainly  from  the  following 
sources:  the  Custom  House  daily  receipts,  Internal  Revenue  taxes, 
deposits  of  1,500  postmasters,  patent  fees,  and  remittances  from  banks 
acting  as  national  depositories,  they  being  compelled  to  transfer  any  public 
moneys  in  excess  of  the  security  given  by  them  to  the  Government.  De- 
posits from  banks  or  individuals  throughout  the  country  for  the  shipment 
of  silver  coin  are  received  in  the  shape  of  bank  drafts,  and  the  silver,  free  of 
charge,  is  ordered  delivered  from  the  nearest  sub-treasury  or  mint.  Other 
large  sources  of  receipt  are  of  mutilated  currency,  which  is  here  redeemed, 
and  of  coin  brought  for  exchange  into  paper.  During  August  of  1892,  the 
redemption  of  mutilated  money  amounted  to  $22,000,000.  Gold  certificates, 
redeemable  in  gold,  and  paper  money  other  than  silver  certificates,  are 
here  presented,  and  redeemed  in  gold.  Large  amounts  of  silver  and  gold 
coin  and  bullion  are  daily  deposited  on  receipt.  Express  wagons  and  mes- 
sengers may  be  seen  daily  at  the  Pine  street  entrance  delivering  hundreds 
of  bags  of  silver  and  gold.  This,  of  course,  is  again  paid  out  to  the  de- 
positors on  demand  and  represents  no  real  asset  or  liability  of  the  Sub- 
Treasury. 

Payments  and  disbursements  are  made  to  the  disbursing  officers,  pay- 
masters and  quartermasters  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  deposits  usually  being 
made  from  Washington  to  cover  this  item.  Other  channels  of  outgo  are 
the  regular  treasury  disbursements  on  appropriations,  payments  for  bullion 
bought  by  the  assay  office,  post  office  payments,  and  pensions.  Last  year, 
$76,500,000  was  paid  for  this  last  item  alone,  through  this  office,  the  number 
of  pension  checks  presented  being  2,100,000.  Interest  on  bonds,  redemp- 
tion of  bonds,  certain  series  falling  due  at  certain  times,  have  to  be 
redeemed,  but  in  a  number  of  cases  when  money  was  "  tight,"  the  Govern- 
ment anticipated  the  redemption  of  bonds  largely  through  this  Sub-Treas- 
ury, to  release  more  money. 

Notwithstanding  the  enormous  sums  constantly  on  hand,  a  system  of 
counter  checking  prevails,  which  combined  with  the  honesty  of  the  officials, 


176  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

who  are  chosen  with  especial  reference  to  their  fitness  for  this  work,  has  re- 
sulted so  satisfactorily  that  only  one  case  of  misappropriation  has  occurred 
*  since  the  establishment  of  this  office.  There  are  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
employees  in  the  Sub-Treasury.  Most  of  the  men  occupying  the  more  re- 
sponsible positions  have  been  in  the  service  for  many  years. 

The  Assay  Office,  adjacent  to  the  Sub-Treasury,  and  through  which 
many  of  its  direct  dealings  with  the  public  are  had,  is  interesting  principally 
because  of  the  enormous  quantities  of  precious  metals  uncoined  which  a 
visitor  may  see. 

From  thirty-eight  to  fifty  millions  of  bullion  are  usually  visible  here  in 
all  conditions  and  shapes,  from  what  the  uninformed  would  take  to  be  a 
piece  of  old  copper,  but  which  is  gold  of  coin  fineness,  to  bricks  of  solid  gold 
worth  over  six  thousand  dollars  each.  The  smallest  brick  made  is  about 
an  inch  and  a  half  long,  an  inch  wide,  a  fourth  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  and  is 
worth  from  one  hundred  and  twenty  to  one  hundred  and  thirty  dollars  ac- 
cording to  the  fineness  of  the  metal.  The  Assayer's  offices  are  on  the  upper 
floor. 

The  employes'  here,  as  well  as  in  the  Sub-Treasury,  are  under  bonds. 
Every  bit  of  metal  is  weighed  to  the  man  receiving  the  same,  and  the 
weight  and  fineness  together  with  the  number  of  the  metal  are  written  on  a 
card,  and  he  in  turn  weighs  it  when  he  turns  it  over  to  the  next  man. 
Large  shipments  of  bullion  are  made  to  this  office  from  various  parts  of  the 
Republic,  and  the  mints  make  requisitions  on  this  office  for  large  quantities 
of  bullion  when  they  need  the  same  for  coin.  Bankers  and  dealers  in  bul- 
lion keep  constantly  depositing  with  and  drawing  from  here  enormous 
quantities  of  the  precious  metals. 

The  process  of  refining  precious  metals  and  that  of  ascertaining  their 
fineness  by  assaying,  requiring  the  utmost  precision  in  calculation,  and 
weighing  with  scales  that  readily  indicatfe  the  weight  of  a  hair,  are  of 
great  interest  to  those  of  a  scientific  turn  of  mind. 

The  New  York  Clearing  House  Association,  in  the  upper  floors  of 
the  unpretentious  four  story  brownstone  building  at  Pine  and  Nassau  streets, 
docs  not,  from  the  appearance  of  its  habitation,  suggest  to  the  passer-by  the 
enormous  sums  of  money  which  daily  pass  through  its  hands,  and  the  great 
interests,  so  intimately  connected  with  the  public  welfare,  within  its  keep- 
ing. Founded  in  1853  with  a  membership  of  fifty-five  banks,  having  an  ag- 
gregate capital  of  $47,000,000,  it  has,  while  pursuing  the  conservative  policy 
of  admitting  only  the  strongest  and  most  reliable  banks,  attained  a  mem- 
bership of  sixty-four  banks,  having  a  combined  capital  of  $60,500,000  and  a 
surplus  of  $67,500,000,  in  1892.  Each  member,  on  admission,  pays  an  ini- 
tiation fee  ranging  from  one  thousand  dollars  for  banks  with  a  capital  of 
half  a  million,  to  seventy-five  hundred  dollars  for  banks  with   a  capital  of 


FINANCIAL   INSTITUTIONS.  177 

five  millions.  Each  bank,  irrespective  of  capital,  pays  yearly  two  hundred 
dollars,  besides  which  there  is  a  charge  of  from  thirty-five  to  forty  cents 
made  on  every  million  dollars  cleared.  All  bank  members,  whenever  de- 
sired by  the  association,  must  submit  to  examination  as  to  their  soundness 
and  business  methods,  by  a  competent  committee  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose. Each  member  is  required  to  file  a  weekly  statement  of  its  deposits, 
loans,  specie,  legal  tender,  and  circulation.  From  among  the  officers  of  its 
bank  members  are  chosen  the  committees  of  the  association.  The  Assist- 
ant Treasurer  of  the  United  States  is  a  member  by  courtesy. 

The  object  of  this  association  is  to  furnish  a  place  where,  at  a  stated 
hour,  clearances  may  be  made  and  balances  paid  between  its  members  and 
the  banks  which  deposit  with  them,  thereby  avoiding  the  risk  and  expense 
and  saving  the  labor  connected  with  presentation  by  each  bank  of  its  de- 
mands against  each  other  bank,  a  member  of  the  association,  and  the  pre- 
sentation in  turn  of  their  demands  against  it.  The  necessity  of  such  an  in- 
stitution was  recognized  in  England  as  long  ago  as  the  latter  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  its  great  efficiency  is  well  illustrated  by  the  follow- 
ing example  : 

Recently  one  of  the  large  banks,  a  member  of  this  association,  pre- 
sented demands  against  other  banks  to  the  amount  of  three  million  nine 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  they,  on  the  same  day,  presented  to  the 
Clearing  House  demands  against  it  to  an  amount  only  eighty  cents  short  of 
this.  These  two  amounts  were  set  off  against  each  other,  the  bank  receiv- 
ing eighty  cents,  the  balance  in  its  favor  from  the  association,  together  with 
the  demands  against  it,  the  other  banks  receiving  the  demands  against 
them,  thereby  effecting  the  transfer  of  nearly  eight  million  dollars  by  the 
payment  of  only  eighty  cents. 

These  daily  clearances  and  settlements  of  balances  are  effected  in  prac- 
tically the  following  manner:  At  ten  A.  M.  the  manager  and  assistant  man- 
ager and  staff,  having  taken  their  respective  positions  on  the  platform,  the 
delivery  and  settling  clerks  of  the  various  banks,  members,  each  bringing 
the  exchanges  held  by  his  bank  against  all  the  other  members,  assemble  in 
the  large  room  on  the  third  floor.  Here  are  three  rows  of  desks,  and  to 
each  bank  is  allotted  a  certain  space,  which  is  numbered,  and  to  which  its 
clerks  repair;  the  settling  clerk  for  each  member  now  presents  the  manager 
with  a  slip  showing  the  total  exchanges  presented  against  the  Clearing 
House  members,  for  which  his  bank  is  given  credit  on  a  proof  sheet  kept  by 
one  of  the  staff  called  "the  proof  clerk."  The  exchanges  are  then  made 
between  member  and  member,  the  delivery  clerk  at  No.  i  delivering  to  the 
settling  clerk  of  No.  2  all  claims  of  No.  1  against  No.  2  and  obtaining  a  re- 
ceipt therefor.  Meanwhile  the  delivery  clerk  of  No.  2  delivers  to  the  set- 
tling clerk  of  No.  3  demands  held  by  No.  2  against  No.  3  upon  his  receipt, 


178  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

which  operation  is  continued  until  every  member  has  presented  his  demands 
f gainst  every  other  member.  On  the  completion  of  this  settlement  the  dif- 
ferent settling  clerks  send  on  debit  slips  the  result  of  the  demands  against 
their  respective  banks  to  the  proof  clerk,  by  whom  they  are  entered.  The 
total  debits  and  credits  are  then  footed  up,  and  should  agree,  because  what 
is  a  credit  of  one  member  is  a  debit  of  another.  This  entire  work  is  per- 
formed in  less  than  twenty  minutes,  and  within  half  an  hour  the  differences 
debit  or  credit  between  the  banks  are  announced.  The  banks  whose  debits 
are  greater  than  their  credits  are  termed  "debtor  banks,"  and  are  required 
to  settle  their  debits  in  cash  not  later  than  half  past  one  o'clock,  and  the 
Clearing  House  pays  out  to  the  banks  whose  credits  are  in  excess  of  their 
debits,  which  are  termed  "creditor  banks,"  the  amounts  in  their  favor  as 
soon  as  practicable. 

The  daily  exchanges  average  $115,000,000  and  the  daily  balances  are 
about  $5,000,000;  however,  one  day  in  February,  1881,  the  exchanges 
amounted  to  nearly  $300,000,000,  and  on  September  19th,  1890,  the  balances 
aggregated  nearly  $15,000,000. 

Thrice  within  the  last  twenty  years,  in  1873,  in  1884,  and  again  in  1890, 
about  the  time  of  the  embarrassment  of  the  Barings,  has  the  Clearing 
House,  through  the  confidence  which  it  inspired,  either  averted  or  checked 
a  panic  by  the  issuance  of  loan  certificates  based  on  securities,  acceptable  to 
a  committee  appointed  by  the  association,  as  collateral.  These  loan  certifi- 
cates being  issued  to  the  extent  of  75  per  cent,  of  the  normal  market  value 
of  the  securities,  and  being  issued  really  by  the  banks  themselves  against 
collateral  agreed  upon  by  them,  through  the  Clearing  House,  as  their  agent, 
were  of  course  readily  received  by  bank  members  of  the  association  in  pay- 
ment of  daily  balances,  which,  as  before  stated,  amount  to  about  five  and 
one-half  million  dollars,  thereby  making  that  sum  of  money  available  for 
other  purposes.  In  1890  the  association  issued  these  certificates  to  the 
amount  of  fifteen  and  a  quarter  million  dollars,  in  denominations  of  five, 
ten,  and  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

The  Clearing  House  is  governed  by  its  principal  committee,  the  Clear- 
ing House  Committee,  which  has  the  executive  management  of  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  association.  Besides  this  there  are  the  Arbitration,  the 
Conference  and  the  Admissions  Committees. 

The  Stock  Exchange,  a  voluntary  unincorporated  association  founded 
in  1792,  occupies  the  marble  and  granite  building  whose  main  entrance  is 
at  Nos.  10  to  14  Broad  street,  but  which  has  an  entrance  in  Wall  street  used 
by  visitors  who  crowd  the  gallery  to  witness  the  scenes  on  the  floor  beneath. 
There  are  other  entrances  in  New  street,  which  are  the  ones  generally  used 
by  the  members  and  their  clerks.  The  present  building  was  erected  in 
1867,  and  although  a  very  handsome  structure,  it  attracts  no  particular  at- 


FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS.  179 

tention  as  such,  on  account  of  its-proximity  to  the  many  more  modern   and 
at  least  equally  fine  buildings  in  its  immediate  vicinity. 

The  "floor"  of  the  Exchange  is  on  the  street  story  of  Wall  and  New 
streets,  but  is  considerably  higher  than  Broad  street.  There  are  entrances 
to  it  from  the  three  streets.  This  room  occupies  the  entire  first  floor  of  the 
building  except  the  space  allotted  to  the  Main  Hall  on  Broad  street,  which 
leads  thereto.  Elevators  on  each  side  of  this  hall  run  to  the  upper  floors 
on  which  are  the  executive  offices,  the  bond  room,  et  cetera. 

The  main  room  is  nearly  an  oblong  square,  having  a  frontage  of  170 
feet  on  New  street.  Its  ceiling  is  the  glass  roof  of  the  building.  Partly 
surrounding  this  room  on  the  Wall  street  and  Exchange  Place  sides  is  a 
gallery.  Opposite  this  gallery  on  the  New  street  side  and  over  the  desk 
at  which  the  chairman  and  his  assistants  sit,  is  a  peculiar  form  of  electrical 
annunciator  by  which  the  number  of  each  member  is  displayed.  This  an- 
nunciator, to  enable  a  member  to  locate  his  number  more  readily,  is  divided 
into  colored  blocks.  Without  some  such  system  of  signalling,  it  would  be 
next  to  impossible  to  attract  the  attention  of  members. 

From  the  gallery,  the  scene  on  the  floor  is  often  a  very  animated  one, 
especially  when  the  market  is  active.  The  voices  from  the  different  "crowds" 
below,  rise  in  one  continuous  roar  and  one  can  occasionally  hear  "one 
thousand,"  "sixteenth,"  "five  hundred,"  "seven-eighths,"  the  brokers  omit- 
ting to  call  the  names  of  the  stocks  sold,  or  the  first  number  of  the  price  at 
which  they  are  offered  or  bid.  For  instance,  if  a  broker  wishes  to  buy  or 
sell  a  thousand  shares  of  Delaware  &  Lackawanna,  he  goes  to  the  place  on 
the  floor  where  that  stock  is  dealt  in,  which  is  marked  by  an  iron  stand  sur- 
mounted by  a  placard  bearing  the  name  of  the  stock.  If  the  stock  is  selling 
at  153  7-8  asking  price,  he  according  to  instructions,  or  his  own  judgment, 
announces  the  number  of  shares,  or  a  part  thereof,  which  he  desires  to  sell 
or  buy,  generally  naming  merely  the  fractions  of  a  cent.  From  six  to  seven 
hundred  brokers  may  be  seen  offering  and  bidding  on  the  floor  at  the  same 
time  and  rushing  from  one  "crowd"  to  another,  each  endeavoring  to  take 
advantage  of  every  change  in  the  market.  Their  industry  is  almost  invari- 
ably exercised  in  some  one  else's  behalf,  for  a  commission  of  one-eighth  of 
one  per  cent,  to  outsiders,  and  as  little  as  two  dollars  a  hundred  shares  to 
fellow-members. 

There  are  certain  days  and  occasions  when  the  Stock  Exchange  members, 
having  left  their  dignity  and  decorum  up  town,  abandon  themselves  to  mis- 
chief. One  of  these  days  is  the  15th  of  September,  when  it  goes  hard  with 
the  poor  member  who,  forgetting  the  traditions  of  the  day,  appears  on  the 
floor  in  a  light  hat.  His  offensive  head  gear  is  either  crushed  down  over 
his  eyes  or  slapped  off  his  head  to  the  floor,  when  an  impromptu  game  of 
old  fashioned  foot  ball  is  immediately  started. 


180  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

The  frolics  and  antics  indulged  in  at  Cnristmas  time  are  very  amusing. 
The  men  being  dressed  in  all  sorts  of  fancy  costumes  and  absurd  get-ups, 
march  around  the  floor  in  procession,  dance  with  each  other  and  do,  in 
fact,  anything  that  their  fancy  may  suggest.  The  Stock  Exchange  is  a 
^reat  stickler  on  the  question  of  hazing,  and  a  new  member  is  usually 
marched  about,  his  hat  slapped  over  his  face  or  kicked  to  pieces,  and  his 
clothes  torn.     Thus  he  learns  that  the  members  approve  of  fun. 

To  enjoy  the  privileges  and  to  be  admitted  to  this  charmed  circle  of 
jolly  money  seekers,  costs  at  present  about  $20,000,  and  one  man  some  years 
ago  was  willing  to  pay  $33,500  for  this  honor. 

The  conditions  of  membership — only  citizens  of  the  United  States  being 
eligible — are  as  follows:  Each  member  is  admitted  only  after  careful  in- 
vestigation by  the  Admissions  Committee,  and  his  membership  must  be 
free  and  clear  of  all  claim  against  it.  This  is  insisted  upon  for  the  protec- 
tion of  the  other  members  with  whom  he  may  do  business;  his  seat  being 
subject  to  sale  on  the  failure  of  a  member  to  discharge  his  Exchange  con- 
tracts, and  the  proceeds  thereof  being  applicable  first  for  the  payment  of 
such  indebtedness.  A  member  may  dispose  of  his  membership  by  nomi- 
nating a  successor,  acceptable  to  the  Committee  on  Admissions,  transfers 
being  made  subject  to  the  approval  of  this  committee.  On  the  death  of  a 
member  his  membership  may  be  transferred  by  the  above  committee.  The 
Stock  Exchange,  after  paying  all  demands  against  the  proceeds  of  such 
transfer,  pays  the  balance  to  his  legal  representatives,  besides  which  the 
family  of  the  deceased  member  receives  ten  thousand  dollars  from  the 
"Gratuity  Fund"  of  the  Exchange,  against  which  no  claim  can  be  made,  as 
it  is  regarded  as  a  gift  by  the  Exchange  to  the  dead  member's  family. 

The  nature  of  the  dealings  on  the  floor  is  such  that  often  there  is  no 
evidence  of  transactions  involving  thousands  of  dollars  but  the  word  of  the 
members,  and  the  man  whose  word  is  not  as  good  as  his  bond  is  shunned 
and  pointed  out.  Of  course,  each  broker  keeps  a  pad  on  which  he  notes 
sales  and  purchases,  to  and  from  whom  made  and  at  what  prices,  but  these 
slips  are  not  always  immediately  compared,  and  a  dishonest  and  untruthful 
man  would  certainly  have  occasional  opportunities  to  repudiate  transac- 
tions. 

All  deliveries  of  stocks  and  bonds  must  be  made  from  1:15  to  2:15,  and  if 
not  made  by  the  latter  hour,  notice  of  such  failure  to  deliver  is  given  to  the 
Exchange,  and  a  demand  for  the  same  is  made.  All  purchases  are  paid  for 
on  delivery  by  check,  certified  if  demanded. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  many  banks  in  New  York  over-certity 
brokers'  checks,  relying  upon  them  to  make  their  accounts  good,  and  it  is 
also  true  that  while  this  over-certification  amounts  daily  to  millions  of  dol- 
lars, few  banks  have  lost  any  large  sums  thereby. 


FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS.  181 

The  present  membership  is  1,100,  and  as  each  membership  is  worth  at 
least  $20,000,  this  alone  represents  $22,000,000.  Nearly  all  of  the  larger  and 
wealthier  banking  houses  have  one  or  more  members,  and  it  is  within  bounds 
to  say  that  its  membership  represents  a  capital  of  fully  a  quarter  of  a  billion 
dollars. 

Brokers  are  very  generous  to  each  other,  and  many  a  ruined  man  has 
been  put  on  the  road  to  prosperity  by  the  generosity  of  men  to  whom  he 
owed  large  sums  of  money.  A  year  ago  one  of  the  best-known  firms  in  the 
Street  failed  for  about  a  million  dollars.  Through  the  advances  of  his  friends, 
the  senior  partner  of  the  firm  resumed  business  about  three  months  later, 
and  about  nine  months  subsequent  to  his  resumption,  it  was  annouced  that 
he  had  paid  his  creditors  dollar  for  dollar  and  was  a  million  ahead. 

The  magnitude  of  the  daily  business  is  enormous,  the  average  sales  be- 
ing between  three  and  four  hundred  thousand  shares,  and  as  the  par  value  of 
most  stocks  is  a  hundred  dollars,  this  means  daily  sales  of  shares  of  the  par 
value  of  from  thirty  to  forty  million  dollars.  In  addition  to  this  is  the  sale 
of  bonds  and  oil  certificates,  and  the  loaning  of  money  on  call.  During  one 
day  of  1891,  the  sales  amounted  to  one  million  shares,  representing  a  par 
value  of  $100,000,000. 

Owing  to  the  character  of  the  securities  dealt  in  on  the  Exchange, 
namely,  those  principally  of  railroad,  telegraph  and  express  companies,  as 
well  as  coal,  manufacturing  and  industrial  companies  and  pipe  line  certifi- 
cates, the  care  exercised  by  the  Listing  Committee  in  the  listing  of  new 
securities  or  of  another  series  of  some  previously  listed  security,  the  fact 
that  these  securities  are  then  listed  on  the  "London  Stock  Exchange"  by 
courtesy  and  on  the  "  Consolidated  Exchange"  here,  as  a  matter  of  course, 
that  these  securities  constitute  the  bulk  of  all  reliable  investment  securities 
in  this  country,  and  the  enormous  transactions  had  therein  daily,  the  Stock 
Exchange  is  at  the  same  time  the  most  powerful  and  the  most  sensitive 
financial  institution  on  this  Continent  outside  of  the  Treasury  at  Washing- 
ton. Here  is  anticipated  the  effect  of  those  great  exports  of  bullion,  either 
to  settle  balances  or  to  meet  an  increased  demand  therefor ;  as  well  as  the 
shipments  of  large  amounts  here  to  pay  for  American  securities,  grain, 
cotton,  &c,  and  the  movement  of  money  West  and  South  to  harvest  and 
transport  crops. 

The  Stock  Exchange  has  a  Clearing  House  system  of  its  own,  by  which 
delivery  of  stock  is  made  only  to  the  final  purchaser,  although  the  same 
stock  may  have  been  sold  and  resold  ten  or  fifteen  times  during  the  day; 
all  intermediate  deliveries  being  balanced  off  through  the  Clearing 
House. 

The  Consolidated  Exchange,  which  occupies  the  handsome  brick  andred 
stone  building  at  Broadway  and  Exchange  Place,  also  fronting  on  New  St.,  is 


182  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

a  union  of  the  Petroleum  and  Mining  Stock  Exchanges.  Its  members  are 
permitted  to  deal  in  smaller  amounts  of  stock  than  are  the  members  of  its 
elder  brother,  the  Stock  Exchange,  which  it  so  closely  resembles  in  the 
manner  of  conducting  its  business  as  to  require  no  separate  description. 

The  other  Exchanges  are  described  elsewhere  in  this  book. 

Bucket  shops,  or  places  where  the  smallest  amount  of  stock  could  be 
dealt  in,  were  plentiful  a  few  years  ago,  but  the  law  has  steadily  endeavored 
to  suppress  them,  with  great  apparent  success. 

The  National  Banks,  forty. eight  in  number,  with  a  capital  of  about 
$50,000,000,  a  surplus  of  $55,000,000  and  deposits  of  $460,000,000,  loans 
and  discounts  of  $355,000,000,  together  with  the  forty-five  State  Banks, 
with  a  capital  of  $17,500,000,  surplus  of  $15,000,000,  deposits  of 
$128,000,000  and  loans  of  nearly  $110,000,000,  constitute  one  of 
the  chief  sources  of  New  York's  strength  as  a  money  cen- 
tre. Their  operations  are  felt  in  every  town  in  the  country,  and  here  banks 
of  the  agricultural  sections  keep  large  deposits,  and  have  their  paper  re- 
discounted  in  sufficient  volume  to  supply  the  enormous  demands  for  money 
made  upon  them  at  certain  seasons. 

The  banks  of  New  York  which  have  a  capital  and  surplus  exceeding  a 
million  dollars  are  the  following:  American  Exchange,  128  Broadway; 
Bank  of  America,  46  Wall  St.;  Bank  of  Commerce,  29  Nassau  St.;  Bank  of 
the  Manhattan  Company,  40  Wall  St. ;  Bank  of  New  York,  48  Wall  St. ; 
Bank  of  North  America,  25  Nassau  St.;  Bank  of  the  Republic,  2  Wall  St.; 
Bank  of  the  State  of  New  York,  33  William  St.;  Broadway,  237  Broadway; 
Central,  320  Broadway;  Chase,  15  Nassau  St.;  Chemical,  270  Broadway; 
City,  52  "V\£all  St. ;  Continental,  7  Nassau  St. ;  Corn  Exchange,  13  William 
St.;  First,  2  Wall  St.;  Fourth,  14  Nassau  St.;  Gallatin,  36  Wall  St.;  Hano- 
ver, 11  Nassau  St.;  Importers'  and  Traders',  247  Broadway;  Leather  Manu- 
facturers', 29  Wall  St. ;  Market  and  Fulton,  81  Fulton  St. ;  Mechanics',  33 
Wall  St.;  Mercantile,  191  Broadway;  Merchants',  42  Wall  St.;  Park,  214 
Broadway;  Phenix,  49  Wall  St.;  Produce  Exchange,  Produce  Exchange 
Building;  Southern,  78  Wall  St.;  Third,  26  Nassau  St.;  United  States,  41 
Wall  St.;  Western,  120  Broadway. 

The  Trust  Companies  are  a  very  important  factor  in  the  financial  life 
of  this  city,  exercising  as  they  do  all  the  functions  of  banks,  besides  acting 
as  trustees  of  estates,  railroad  and  other  companies,  whose  assets  they  hold 
in  trust  as  collateral  for  the  issuance  of  bonds  and  stocks,  paying  the  cou- 
pons on  their  bonds  and  the  dividends  on  their  stock,  holding  papers  in 
escro,  and  performing  many  other  functions.  Their  aggregate  capital  is 
very  large,  and  their  deposits  in  proportion  to  their  capital  often  much 
greater  than  in  banks.  Among  the  principal  trust  companies  are  the  fol- 
lowing : 


FINANCIAL  INSTITUTIONS.  183 

Central  Trust  Co.,  54  Wall  St.;  Mercantile  Trust  Co.,  120  Broadway; 
Farmers'  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  22  William  St.;  Union  Trust  Co.,  80  Broadway; 
United  States  Trust  Co.,  45  Wall  St.;  Fidelity  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  37  Wall 
St.;  Atlantic  Trust  Co.,  39  William  St.;  Knickerbocker  Trust  Co.,  234  5th 
Ave.  and  18  Wall  St.;  Metropolitan  Trust  Co.,  37  and  39  Wall  St.;  State 
Trust  Co.,  50  Wall  St. 

Savings  Banks,  while  representing  a  smaller  capital  than  the  banks  of 
deposit,  appeal  perhaps  more  intimately  to  the  mass  of  the  people  than  any  of 
the  other  institutions  enumerated.  Here  are  hoarded  the  workman's  and  the 
sewing  girl's  savings,  which  these  banks  loan  on  security  prescribed  by  law, 
paying  the  depositor  as  large  a  rate  of  interest  as  possible.  Loans  on  bond 
and  mortgage  constitute  the  bulk  of  their  investments,  together  with  hold- 
ings of  real  estate  and  certain  prescribed  bonds,  chiefly  City  and  Govern- 
ment.    The  principal  Savings  Banks  are  as  follows  : 

Bowery  Savings  Bank,  130  Bowery;  Broadway  Savings  Institution,  4 
Park  Place;  Dry  Dock,  343  Bowery;  German  Savings  Bank,  100  E.  14th  St,; 
Greenwich,  248  6th  Ave.;  Harlem  Savings  Bank,  2281  3d  Ave.;  Irving,  96 
Warren  St.;  Manhattan  Savings  Institution,  644  Broadway;  Seamen's  Sav- 
ings Bank,  74  Wall  St.;  Twelfth  Ward  Savings  Bank,  217  W.  125th  St.; 
Union  Dime  Savings  Bank,  54  W.  32d  St. 

Life  Insurance  Companies,  owing  to  their  great  assets  and  the 
amounts  of  money  loaned  by  them  yearly,  the  character  of  such  loans  being 
prescribed  by  law  and  made  almost  exclusively  on  real  estate,  constitute 
an  immense  power.  Chief  among  these  are  the  Mutual  Life,  in  the  mag- 
nificent marble  edifice  at  32  Nassau  street,  with  cash  assets  of  nearly  $160,- 
000,000  ;  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society,  occupying  the  massive 
granite  pile  at  120  Broadway,  with  assets  of  $136,000,000,  of  which  $45,000,- 
000  is  represented  by  loans  and  holdings  of  real  estate  within  this  city,  and 
twelve  and  a  quarter  millions  on  real  estate  elsewhere;  and  the  New  York 
Life,  with  cash  assets  of  about  $80,000,000.  The  cash  assets  of  these  and 
the  lesser  life  insurance  companies  doing  business  here  are  not  less  than  a 
third  of  a  billion  dollars;  and  as  the  law  restricts  their  loans  mainly  to  real 
estate,  it  can  readily  be  seen  what  a  large  proportion  of  the  loan  1  made 
thereon  are  made  through  these  companies.  All  life  insurance  companies 
are  required  to  file  annually  with  the  Insurance  Department  of  the  State 
the  most  minute  and  detailed  statements  of  the  amount  of  their  business, 
the  character  of  their  securities,  investments,  death  claims,  losses,  lapsed 
policies,  etc.,  in  addition  to  being  subject  to  State  inspection  at  any  tim». 


BUSINESS  CENTRES. 


Trade  Districts — Exchanges  —  Markets  —  Office  Buildings. 


All  New  York  seems  such  a  busy  whirl  to  the  visitor  from  a  smaller  town 
that  he  is  usually  surprised  when  informed  that  some  districts  are  busier 
than  others  and  that  different  businesses  are  pursued  in  different  sections. 
Down  town  is  a  relative  term,  but  as  used  by  the  average  New  Yorker  it 
means  the  district  where  he  works  for  his  livelihood.  Probably  a  majority 
of  the  citizens  understand  by  this  phrase  the  section  between  City  Hall 
Park  and  the  Battery.  Here  the  greatest  swarms  of  people  are  seen.  It  is 
said  that  more  persons  pass  the  corner  of  Fulton  street  and  Broadway  be- 
tween dawn  and  dusk  than  any  other  point  in  the  world  during  the  day- 
light hours.  The  majority  of  the  great  banks,  all  the  important  exchanges, 
the  big  law  offices,  the  home  offices  of  the  insurance  companies  and  com- 
mercial corporations  are  all  in  this  part  of  Manhattan  Island. 

Throughout  the  city  there  is  a  tendency,  becoming  more  confirmed 
each  year,  towards  the  aggregation  of  houses  in  each  line  of  business.  The 
jobbers  in  dry  goods  are  found  in  Broadway,  between  Reade  and  Canal 
streets,  and  in  the  adjoining  cross  streets.  Above  Canal  streets  for  sev- 
eral blocks  in  Broadway  are  the  wholesale  millinery  houses.  West  of  the 
dry  goods  stores  are  those  of  the  silk  importers  and  wholesalers,  and  west 
of  the  millinery  jobbers  are  the  wholesale  clothiers  and  hatters.  The 
wholesale  grocers'  warehouses  cluster  in  the  neighborhood  of  Franklin  street 
and  West  Broadway.  Heavy  hardware  and  metals  are  mostly  dealt  in  on 
Cliff  and  John  streets.  Between  Hanover  Square  and  East  River  tropical 
products  are  sold  by  sample  only,  orders  for  tea,  sugar,  coffee,  spices,  cot- 
ton, etc.,  being  shipped  from  the  bonded  warehouses,  which  are  numerous 
near  the  docks  along  both  rivers.  Beekman  street  has  many  paper  dealers' 
offices.  The  manufacturers  and  importers  of  leather  are  found  in  the  dis- 
trict called  "The  Swamp,"  between  City  Hall  Park  and  Franklin  Square, 
which  is  pierced  by  Frankfort,  Spruce  and  Beekman  streets.  In  Liberty, 
Cortlandt  and  Dey  streets  are  the  offices  and  show  rooms  of  the  builders  of 
machinery,  engines,  pumps,  electrical  apparatus,  etc.  Importers  of  French, 
German,  Spanish  and  Hungarian  wines  are  found  in   Broad  and  Beaver 


BUSINESS   CENTRES.  185 

streets  and  in  another  group  in  Park  Place,  Murray,  Warren,  Chambers 
and  Reade  streets,  between  Broadway  and  the  North  River.  Jobbing 
houses  in  fruit  and  produce  are  strung  along  the  North  River  and  streets 
running  therefrom  between  Vesey  and  Chambers  streets.  Importers  of 
china,  glass  and  porcelains  are  found  mostly  in  Barclay  street,  Park  Place, 
Murray  and  Warren  streets.  The  big  publishing  houses  are  in  the  district 
bounded  by  Fourth  avenue,  Bond  street,  Broadway  and  12th  street,  including 
Astor  Place  and  Lafayette  Place,  as  well  as  in  the  neighborhood  of  Franklin 
Square  and  to  the  northeast  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  on  the  New  York  side. 

Retail  businesses  also  divide  themselves  into  territorial  groups,  in  each 
of  which  the  majority  are  of  the  one  class.  There  are  several  distinct  dry 
goods  districts,  including  Broadway  from  Eighth  to  Fourteenth  street; 
Fourteenth  street  from  Broadway  to  Sixth  avenue,  on  the  south  side;  Sixth 
avenue,  on  the  west  side,  from  Fourteenth  street  to  Twenty-third  street; 
Twenty-third  street,  on  the  south  side,  from  Broadway  to  Sixth  avenue; 
Broadway,  on  the  west  side,  from  Seventeenth  to  Twenty-third  street; 
Grand  street,  from  Orchard  street  to  Third  avenue;  Third  avenue,  from 
Fourteenth  to  125th  street,  and  125th  street,  from  Third  avenue  to  Eighth 
avenue.  The  jewelry  trade  has  two  centers:  Maiden  Lane,  and  Broad- 
way from  Fourteenth  to  Twenty-third  streets.  Piano  warerooms  also  clus- 
ter around  two  centers,  Fourteenth  street  and  Fourth  avenue,  and  Fifth 
avenue,  between  Fourteenth  and  Twentieth  streets.  Stores  devoted  to 
art,  curios  and  antiquities  are  mostly  found  in  Fifth  avenue  below  Thirtieth 
street.  Fourteenth  street,  between  Broadway  and  Seventh  avenue,  is 
a  great  furniture  centre. 

Manufactories  are  mostly  scattered  along  the  banks  of  the  East  and 
North  Rivers,  but  there  are  also  many  in  the  district  east  of  Broadway,  be- 
tween Houston  and  Chambers  streets.  Broadway,  from  Bowling  Green  to 
Chambers  street  and  the  district  to  the  east,  including  Broad,  William, 
Wall,  Pine  and  Nassau  streets  and  Exchange  Place,  contain  the  headquarters 
of  the  great  financial  institutions,  brokers,  insurance  companies,  etc.  All 
the  head  offices  of  the  Express  Companies  are  on  the  west  side  of  Broad- 
way, between  Exchange  Place  and  Liberty  street.  Newspaper  offices  are 
within  rifle  shot  of  the  Post  Office  in  the  streets  to  the  east  of  that  large, 
gray  pile.  There  are  three  distinctive  hotel  centres,  though  several  very 
fine  hotels  are  in  Broadway  and  Fifth  avenue,  below  and  between  these 
centres.  Union  Square  is  the  first,  Madison  Square  the  second,  and  the 
Plaza  at  the  entrance  to  Central  Park  is  the  third. 

S.  Ottenberg  and  Brothers. 

New  York,  besides  being  the  centre  of  this  country's  import  trade  in 
cigars,  is    also    the    largest  producer     of   cigars    in    the   United    Stales. 


lbG  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

Last  year  this  city  manufactured  742,000,000  cigars,  or  one  fifth  of  the  entire 
number  made  in  the  country.  Moreover,  New  York  cigars  are  noted  for 
their  good  quality  and  symmetry  of  shape  as  well  as  their  cheapness.  Ci- 
gars made  elsewhere  can  be  bought  for  less  money,  it  is  true,  but  when  the 
quality  of  the  tobacco  used  is  considered,  New  York  undoubtedly  leads  its 
competitors. 

In  the  production  of  fine  grade  cigars,  the  leading  house  in  this  city  is 
S.  Ottenberg  and  Brothers,  whose  factory  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-second 
Street  and  Second  Avenue,  is  not  only  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  but 
is  also  the  model  plant  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  To  understand  just  how 
this  house  is  enabled  to  produce  so  good  cigars  as  it  puts  upon  the  market, 
requires  some  knowledge  of  the  business,  but  the  few  points  here  given 
will  indicate  how  the  result  is  obtained. 

The  tobacco  used  in  these  cigars  comes  from  Cuba  and  Sumatra.  Leaf 
from  the  latter  island  is  coming  into  universal  use  for  the  wrapping  of  good 
cigars,  because  of  its  fineness  of  texture  and  uniformity  of  color. 
Quantities  of  it  are  now  imported  into  Cuba  to  wrap  Havana  cigars. 
As  to  its  flavor  there  is  a  division  of  opinion,  but  inasmuch  as  the  flavor  of 
a  cigar  to  the  smoker  depends  entirely  upon  the  quality  of  the  filler,  this 
factor  is  to  be  ignored  in  all  cigars  that  are  only  wrapped  with  Sumatra 
leaf.  All  the  filler  used  in  the  various  brands  of  Ottenberg  cigars 
comes  from  Cuba  and  is  of  excellent  quality.  One  way  in  which  this  house 
reduces  cost  is  by  having  the  leaf  stripped  or  stemmed  in  Cuba  before  it  is 
shipped. 

After  the  leaf  reaches  the  factory  the  chief  economies  effected  are  due 
to  the  use  of  labor  saving  machinery.  For  instance,  before  the  leaf  can  be 
handled  it*must  be  "cased"  or  moistened.  In  the  Ottenberg  factory  this  is 
done  by  certrifugal  machines,  each  of  which  does  the  work  of  eight  men  and 
does  it  more  satisfactorily.  Afterwards  the  leaf  goes  to  the  "casing  room," 
where  it  remains  for  several  days  subjected  to  a  temperature  of  115  de- 
grees. In  other  factories  the  leaf  would  then  go  to  the  strippers,  but  here 
it  goes  to  the  bookers,  who  smooth  and  sort  the  leaves  according  to  colors. 
Bunching  is  done  by  an  army  of  operatives.  By  using  a  rolling 
table  another  great  economy  is  effected.  A  hand  workman  uses  four 
pounds  of  Sumatra  tobacco  in  wrapping  a  thousand  cigars,  but  this  machine 
uses  only  about  two  and  a  half  pounds  in  accomplishing  the  same  work. 
There  are  also  hand  work  and  Cuban  departments  in  this  factory.  In 
these  Gonstant  and  careful  supervision  is  exercised  in  order  to  secure  per- 
fect cleanliness. 

The  cigar  makers  put  up  the  cigars  in  bundles  of  100  each,  and  they  are 
then  allowed  to  remain  in  zinc  cases  for  a  few  days  till  they  are  cured,  after 
which  the  packers  assort  them  in  boxes  according  to  color. 


BUSINESS  CENTRES.  187 

The  special  brands  upon  the  production  of  which  this  house  prides  it- 
self are  "The  Hazel  Kirke,"  "Gran-Gozo,"  "Landorina,"  and  "Mountain 
Rose."  That  these  and  others  made  by  S.  Ottenberg  and  Bros.,  have 
found  favor  with  the  public  may  be  judged  by  the  fact  that  for  each  of  the 
last  three  years  the  output  of  this  firm  has  been  larger  than  that  of  any 
other  in  the  United  States.  As  at  present  constituted  the  firm  is  fifteen 
years  old.  Before  that  it  was  known  as  I.  Ottenberg  and  Sons.  Branch 
houses  are  maintained  in  Havana  and  Sumatra.  Dealers  are  especially 
invited  to  inspect  the  various  departments  of  the  factory,  which  one  of 
the  firm  will  take  pleasure  in  showing. 

An  observant  visitor  cannot  fail  to  remark  the  absence  of  the  small  re- 
tail stores  which  are  noticeable  in  other  cities.  Outside  of  the  foreign  resi- 
dence quarters  there  are  no  shops  where  the  price  of  an  article  depends 
upon  the  balance  of  chaffering  ability  possessed  by  the  seller  and  buyer. 
Nor  is  the  retail  business  of  New  York  so  subdivided  as  in  other  cities.  The 
tendency  of  the  big  stores  is  to  add  departments,  and  as  they  extend  they 
crush  out  of  existence  their  smaller  competitors.  Nominally  these  big 
stores  are  for  the  sale  of  dry  goods.  But  by  that  term  is  now  understood 
everything  which  is  not  perishable  in  its  nature,  and  which  may  be  sold  in 
original  packages  or  by  the  yard  or  dozen. 

Analysing  this  phenomenon,  it  is  found  to  arise  from  an  appreciation  of 
the  economies  in  trade.  These  large  stores  absolutely  do  away  with  all 
middlemen,  except  themselves.  Manufacturers'  agents,  jobbers,  and  small 
retail  dealers,  paying  rents,  etc.,  disproportionate  to  the  volume  of  their 
trade,  disappear  before  them,  and  the  consumer  reaps  the  profit.  In  some 
cases  the  proprietors  of  these  big  stores  are  becoming  manufacturers  also, 
and  giving  their  customers  the  advantage  of  buying  almost  at  first  cost. 

While  other  cities  pride  themselves  on  possessing  one  or  two  of  these 
great  bazaars,  New  York  can  boast  as  many  of  them  as  all  the  rest  of  the 
country  put  together.  Where  else  can  be  found  one-quarter  as  many  mam- 
moth stores  as  Macy's,  Ridley's,  Lord  &  Taylor's,  Simpson,  Crawford  & 
Simpson's,  Denning's,  Daniell's,  McCreery's,  Le  Boutillier's,  Stern's,  Alt- 
man's;  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co.'s,  Enrich  Brothers',  Bloomingdale's,  or 
Koch's  ?  Each  of  these  is  worth  seeing,  and  no  visitor  should  leave  New  York 
without  inspecting  all  of  them. 

R.  H.  Macy  and  Co. 

The  house  of  R.  H.  Macy  &  Co.  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  economic 
revolution  above  described,  and  is  to-day  still  in  the  van  of  the  movement. 
It  supplies  a  greater  variety  of  articles  than  any  of  its  competitors. 

R.  H.  Macy  established  the  house  at  its  present  advantageous  location, 
running  along  Sixth  avenue  from  Thirteenth  street  to  Fourteenth  street,  i^ 


188  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

1857.  The  members  of  the  firm  to-day  are  C.  B.  Webster,  Isidor  Straus, 
and  Nathan  Straus.  They  have  wonderfully  amplified  the  original  plan  of 
the  founder,  so  that  there  are  now  over  fifty  departments  to  this  great  retail 
store,  which  keeps  mills  and  factories  busy  m  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  buildings  have  a  floor  space  of  212,500  square  feet.  The  new 
building  is  ten  stories  high.  About  2,500  persons  find  employment  here 
throughout  the  year,  and  during  very  busy  times  nearly  4,000  are  engaged. 
A  hundred  delivery  wagons  are  ordinarily  kept  busy  carrying  the  purchases 
of  customers  to  their  homes.  In  addition  a  great  volume  of  goods  goes 
through  the  mails  and  by  express,  while  during  the  holidays  and  at  other 
rush  seasons  numerous  wagons  are  hired  to  ensure  rapid  delivery  of  goods. 

It  is  an  easy  store  to  make  purchases  in,  for  the  different  floors  are 
show-rooms  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term.  On  an  average  100,000  persons 
pass  in  and  out  of  the  great  doors  daily.  To  handle  such  a  crowd  neces- 
sitates adroit  management  by  all  officials.  Yet  there  is  never  any  harsh 
display  of  authority  in  this  store.  A  perfect  police  sj^stem  protects  visitors 
and  proprietors  alike  from  depredation.  For  comfort  there  is  every  pro- 
vision. Should  a  lady  become  faint  or  ill,  she  is  promptly  removed  to  an 
elegantly  furnished  bedroom,  where  a  skilled  attendant  ministers  to  her 
pending  the  arrival  of  a  physician  or  a  relative.  On  the  fourth  floor  there  is 
a  sumptuously  furnished  Ladies'  Parlor,  decorated  in  the  style  of  Louis  XV. 
Upon  its  walls  hang  Brown's  masterpieces  in  oil,  including  those  far  famed 
pictures  "  Extra  "  and  a  "  Sunbeam  from  the  South."  In  this  room  ladies 
meet  their  friends,  or  pen  notes  on  stationery  supplied  gratuitously  by  the 
house. 

There  is  a  telegraph  office  from  which  messages  may  be  sent  over 
Western  Union  wires  to  any  part  of  the  country.  Abandoned  property  can 
be  recovered  at  the  "  Lost  and  Found  "  desk  near  the  Ladies'  Parlor.  At 
this  same  office  parcels,  hand  bags,  etc.,  may  be  checked  and  left,  without 
charge,  until  the  shopper  has  concluded  business.  Ventilation  is  insured 
by  a  large  air  compressor  and  ten  rotary  ventilating  fans.  In  Winter, 
the  store  is  comfortably  heated.  Artificial  light,  when  necessary,  is  pro- 
vided by  electric  lamps,  the  generating  plant  for  which  is  in  the  building. 
Mechanically  the  establishment  is  as  perfect  as  the  best  engineering  skill 
can  make  it. 

Shopping  was  surely  never  made  so  easy.  The  aisles  are  wide,  and 
there  are  seven  entrances — more  than  any  other  store  in  New  York  has. 
Three  open  on  Sixth  avenue,  two  on  Fourteenth,  and  two  on  Thirteenth 
street.  A  complete  system  of  pneumatic  tubes  ramifying  to  every  part  of 
the  great  building  facilitates  the  making  of  change,  so  that  there  are  none  of 
the  annoying  delays  on  this  account  which  render  shopping  so  tedious  in 
many  of  the  great  stores.     All  1  lu-se  tubes  lead  to  the  change  room,  where 


190  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

deft-fingered  and  quick-counting  girls  check  additions  and  make  change. 
Each  girl  attends  to  three  tubes  and  returns  change  within  a  few  seconds 
after  money  reaches  her.  Two  blower  engines,  each  of  twenty-five  horse 
power,  are  required  to  operate  these  tubes. 

Numerous  elevators,  for  the  use  of  customers,  are  placed  conveniently 
about  in  the  building.  Floor  walkers  are  always  ready  to  point  out  the 
location  of  these  to  strangers,  or  to  tell  where  any  particular  class  of  goods 
may  be  found.  Goods  purchased  are  delivered  on  the  same  day,  not  only 
in  New  York  City  proper,  but  also  in  the  outlying  towns  and  cities  making 
up  that  greater  New  York  of  which  all  its  denizens  are  so  proud. 

There  are  some  unique  features  about  this  store.  One  is  a  dark  room, 
walled  with  mirrors,  where  purchasers  of  colored  silks  are  taken,  that  they 
may  see  how  the  silk  will  look  by  gas  light,  electric  light,  or  both.  Another 
is  a  glass  cutting  establishment,  employing  about  forty  cutters,  where  new 
designs  in  cut  glass  are  constantly  being  produced  to  captivate  the  fancy  of 
patrons.  A  third  is  a  restaurant,  run  not  for  profit  but  simply  as  a  matter 
of  accommodation,  where  patrons  are  served  with  luncheon  and  refreshments 
of  the  best  quality.  A  fourth  is  a  mail  order  department,  whose  officials 
are  professional  shoppers  rather  than  clerks.  A  mail  order  department,  as 
generally  understood,  is  an  institution  for  supplying  catalogue  goods  at 
catalogue  prices  to  out  of  town  customers.  This  one  is  different,  as  may 
best  be  shown  by  example.  Mrs.  Brown,  who  lives  in  Oshkosh,  let  us  say, 
desires  an  evening  dress  which  will  eclipse  that  of  her  rival,  Mrs.  Jones. 
She  writes  to  R.  H.  Macy  and  Co.,  that  she  wishes  material  for  this  dress 
of  a  certain  color  and  quality  with  trimmings  to  match,  describing  all  in 
general  terms  and  enclosing  whatever  sum  she  is  willing  to  pay.  One  of 
the  shoppers  employed  in  the  mail  department  takes  this  order,  searches 
through  the  stock  in  the  same  way  that  Mrs.  Brown  herself  would,  selects 
the  goods  required  and  ships  them  back,  with  the  change.  At  the  next 
reception  in  Oshkosh,  Mrs.  Jones  is  placed  so  distinctly  in  the  shade  that 
she  leaves  early. 

Probably  there  is  not  a  person  outside  of  this  great  house,  and  there 
are  few  within  it,  who  know  its  full  usefulness  and  all  its  resources.  Its 
crowning  glory  is  the  cheapness  of  its  goods.  To  illustrate,  the  book  de- 
partment has  every  book  in  stock  for  which  there  is  any  sort  of  demand, 
and  all  are  sold  at  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-three  and  a  third  per  cent, 
below  publishers'  prices.  So  in  the  other  departments,  the  prices  run  away 
below  the  average  of  retail  prices  throughout  the  country. 

How  is  this  done  ?  Largely  by  the  elimination  of  middlemen.  R.  H. 
Macy  &  Co.  either  manufacture  for  themselves  or  purchase  from  manu- 
facturers, and  in  such  quantities  as  to  insure  their  getting  goods  at  little 
above  cost.  .  In  New  York  they  manufacture  harness,  perfumery  and  house- 


BUSINESS   CENTRES.  191 

hold  remedies.  They  make  handkerchiefs  and  linen  goods  in  Belfast, 
Ireland;  fine  china  in  Limoges,  France;  underwear  in  New  Haven,  Conn.; 
embroideries  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland  ;  ornamental  glassware  in  Stein- 
schonau,  Bohemia  ;  shirts  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. ;  ivory  and  fine  bisque 
in  Rudolstadt  Thuringia,  and  china  in  Carlsbad,  Bohemia. 

Prices  are  low,  and  there  is  no  deviation  from  them.  The  policy  of  the 
firm,  stated  by  themselves,  is  as  follows:  "  Every  article  in  our  store  is  a  bar- 
gain. For  one,  among  other  reasons,  we  sell  only  for  cash — have  no  losses 
— no  book-keeping  expenses,  and  our  guiding  aim  is  how  cheap  can  the 
article  be  sold  ;  not,  how  much  will  it  bring.  We  could  not  fill  our  shelves 
with  goods  at  the  very  lowest  prices  if  we  did  not  produce  or  buy  them  on 
a  large  scale,  and  we  could  not  sell  on  a  large  scale  unless  we  gave  the 
public  the  full  benefit  of  our  close  buying  and  cheap  production.  Huge  as 
is  the  volume  of  our  business,  it  keeps  steadily  growing,  because  the  cost  of 
conducting  it  is  a  hardly  perceptible  element  in  the  price  of  any  article,  and 
because  the  smallest  percentage  of  profit  suffices  for  an  adequate  return  on 
the  whole." 

Edward  Ridley  and  Sons. 

One  would  have  to  travel  far  in  New  York  to-day  to  discover  a  shop  so 
small  as  that  in  which  the  business  of  Edward  Ridley  was  begun  in  1849. 
It  occupied  half  a  city  lot,  No.  311  1-2  Grand  street,  and  was  further  con- 
tracted by  the  width  of  a  staircase  leading  to  the  apartments  on  the  floor 
above.  Into  this  little  store  Mr.  Ridley  moved  all  he  had,  $300  worth  of 
millinery  and  fancy  goods.  These  were  so  well  selected,  however,  that 
they  sold  like  hot  cakes.  To-day  the  firm  he  founded  owns  almost  a  million 
dollars'  worth  of  real  estate  alone  and  all  of  it  is  devoted  to  business  pur- 
poses. The  large  store  of  the  house  on  Grand,  Allen  and  Orchard  streets  is 
the  largest  building  in  the  city  devoted  solely  to  retail  business  and  occupied 
by  a  single  firm.  It  is  rather  interesting  to  hear  the  story  of  the  experiences 
through  which  the  firm  has  passed.  When  it  first  grew  into  prominence, 
the  fashionable  people  of  the  city  lived  not  very  far  away  and  the  house  had 
a  big  carriage  custom.  Of  this  the  up-town  movement  has  deprived  them 
in  large  measure,  though  they  still  have  a  considerable  share  of  it.  For 
such  as  they  have  lost  they  have  been  more  than  compensated  by  the  trade 
of  the  artisan  classes  to  which  they  now  especially  cater.  At  one  time  the 
house  went  largely  into  manufacturing  and  the  designing  of  new  styles,  but 
they  learned  by  experience  that  there  is  more  profit  if  less  glory  in  allowing 
other  houses  to  set  the  fashions.  Another  phase  of  business  they  have  out- 
grown is  contracting  to  use  the  entire  production  of  various  factories. 
They  found  that  in  this  way  they  restricted  the  choice  of  their  customers 
and  often  became  overstocked  with  unseasonable  goods  or  articles  which 
no  longer  possessed  the  public  fancy. 


192  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Once  they  did  an  extensive  wholesale  business,  and  through  their  mail 
order  department  sent  goods  to  the  extremities  of  the  continent.  The  rise 
of  great  distributing  cities  throughout  the  country  cut  them  off  from  this 
business,  as  they  found  that  with  charges  of  transportation  added  they 
could  not  compete  on  even  terms  with  the  big  houses  of  the  new  business 
centres.  Now  they  have  given  up  entirely  their  wholesale  business  and 
are  restricting  their  mail  order  business  to  points  within  500  miles  of  New 
York,  to  all  of  which  they  send  articles  ordered  expressage  free.  It  is  note- 
worthy that  the  development  of  the  Metropolitan  district  has  more  than 
compensated  the  house  for  the  business  lost  by  the  changing  economic  con- 
dition of  the  country,  and  the  volume  of  business  done  to-day  is  greater  than 
ever  before  in  the  history  of  the  house.  At  the  same  time  it  is  a  more 
profitable  and  secure  business,  for  it  is  all  cash.  There  are  no  open  accounts 
or  weak  customers  to  carry. 

Here  it  may  be  well  to  explain  the  plan  followed  in  conducting  this 
enormous  business.  In  the  first  place,  no  manufacturing  is  done  except 
such  as  is  absolutely  necessary  to  the  business — as,  for  instance,  the  making 
of  shirts  to  order  when  stock  sizes  do  not  fit  a  customer;  the  altering  of 
ready-made  clothing;  the  retrimming  of  hats  and  bonnets  to  suit  the  peculiar 
fancies  of  purchasers,  etc.  There  are  twenty -four  buyers,  whose  business 
it  is  to  keep  the  stock  up.  Each  buys  for  one  or  more  of  the  eighty-five  de- 
partments, and  each  is  informed  daily  how  the  stock  is  moving  in  the  depart- 
ments to  which  he  caters,  and  it  is  his  business  to  supply  deficiencies  and 
make  it  impossible  for  any  sales-clerk  to  have  to  tell  a  customer  "we  are  all 
out  of  the  goods  you  wish." 

When  the  goods  are  received,  the  buyer  examines  them  to  see  that  they 
correspond  with  the  samples  from  which  he  ordered.  Then  they  go  to  the 
examiners,  who  scrutinize,  count  and  measure  them  to  see  that  they  cor- 
respond with  the  invoices.  These  examiners  discover  all  shortages,  sur- 
pluses, etc.,  in  the  packages  received,  and  save  the  house  from  any  loss  that 
might  be  caused  by  negligence  or  fraud.  After  they  have  passed  the  goods 
the  latter  go  to  the  room  of  the  markers,  whose  business  it  is  to  mark  upon 
each  article  its  price  to  the  public.  Then,  as  the  case  demands,  the  goods  go 
to  shelves  in  the  salesrooms  or  to  the  reserve  stock  rooms.  In  order  to  avoid 
running  short,  the  house  makes  it  a  practice  to  keep  about  or  e  million  dol- 
lars' worth  of  goods  in  reserve.  Each  sales  department  has  a  head,  who  is 
not  only  charged  with  the  government  of  his-force  of  clerks,  but  must  also 
take  note  of  the  drains  upon  stock  and  inform  the  buyer  of  that  department 
daily.  When  any  line  of  stock  proves  to  be  a  slow  seller,  report  is  also 
made,  and  the  entire  line  is  then  marked  down.  Occasionally  this  process 
has  to  be  repeated  several  times  before  the  price  reaches  a  point  at  which 
the  goods  are  acceptable.     Nothing  is  left  long  upon  the  shelves,  and  it 


BUSINESS  CENTRES. 


193 


sometimes  happens  that  goods  are  sold  below  cost  in  order  to  dispose  of 
them.  An  idea  of  the  volume  of  goods  constantly  passing  through  the  store 
may  be  obtained  from  the  fact  that  on  one  day  in  the  holiday  season  the 
number  of  separate  sales  has  often  exceeded  a  quarter  of  a  million.  As 
many  as  20,000  people  have  at  such  seasons  entered  the  store  in  one  hour, 
and  over  150,000  have  passed  in  and  out  of  it  in  one  day.     Yet  so  perfect  is 


the  organization  of  the  employees  that  no  panic  or  widespread  disturbance 
has  ever  occurreu.  Crowding  in  any  one  place  in  the  vast  store  is  absolutely 
prohibited,  and  the  police  regulations  are  perfect.  Should  a  fire  start  any- 
where, it  would  be  promptly  drowned  out  by  the  automatic  fire  extinguish- 
ers, with  which  every  part  of  the  store  is  supplied,  and  the  fire  brigade  sum- 
moned by  the  thermostatic  alarms,  which  are  as  plentiful  as  the  automatic 
extinguishers.     No  store  in  town  is  better  protected  against  pickpockets, 


194  THE    SUN'S   GUIDE    TO   NEW   YORK. 

shoplifters  or  the  maliciously  inclined.  Rudeness  and  boisterousness  are 
promptly  checked,  and  all  patrons  of  the  store  are  assured  of  perfect  com- 
fort while  purchasing. 

A  notable  sight  opens  before  the  visitor's  eyes  as  he  enters  the  store. 
Everything  that  a  man,  woman  or  child  can  wear  or  use  for  personal 
adornment,  everything  that  can  be  required  for  the  furnishing  of  a  house,  is 
kept  on  sale.  Practically,  every  line  of  retail  business  is  here  housed  under 
one  roof.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  departments  for  the  sale  of  ribbons, 
silks  for  dresses  and  trimmings,  laces,  [feathers,  velvets,  [handkerchiefs, 
embroideries,  ruchings,  linings,  gloves,  corsets,  hosiery,  theatrical  goods, 
men's  furnishings,  leather  goods,  drugs,  toilet  particles,  perfumery,  clocks, 
diamond  and  gold  jewelry,  silver  plate,  small  wares,  porcelains,  bric-a- 
brac,  zephyr  worsteds,  yarns,  stationery,  umbrellas,  fans,  dress  goods, 
black  goods,  white  goods  and  blankets. 

On  the  second  floor  is  the  millinery  parlor,  furnished  in  carved  mahog- 
any, the  finest  in  the  world,  and  having  the  largest  stock  in  the  world. 
This  department  has  always  been  the  special  pride  of  the  house,  for  it 
represents  the  line  of  goods  with  which  Edward  Ridley  began  business. 
Other  departments  on  the  second  floor  are  shoes  for  men,  youths,  women, 
misses  and  children,  muslin  underwear,  pictures  and  frames. 

On  the  third  floor  much  space  is  given  up  to  the  carpet  department, 
also  to  men's,  boys'  and  ladies'  outer  garments,  and  to  furniture  of  the 
better  grades,  One  block  west  of  the  main  establishment  at  289  Grand 
street,  is  Ridley's  branch  store,  which  is  filled  with  furniture  of  all  grades. 
From  this  st  :>ck  a  large  hotel  could  be  furnished  without  making  an  appre- 
ciable hole.     Dozens  of  houses  are  furnished  from  it  every  day. 

In  the  basement  of  the  main  store  is  an  immense  stock  of  tinware, 
crockery,  stoves,  hardware,  everything  for  the  complete  equipment  of  the 
kitchen. 

One  does  not  fully  realize  the  extent  of  the  business  done  even  after 
running  over  the  store  till  one  comes  to  the  shipping  department,  whence 
wagon  deliveries  are  made  and  goods  expressed.  The  wagons  of  the  firm 
carry  goods  purchased  to  all  points  within  a  radius  of  twenty  miles  from  the 
city.  To  points  beyond,  they  are  expressed  at  the  expense  of  the  firm. 
The  wagon  routes  cover  all  points  in  New  York  city,  including  the  Annexed  ( 
District,  also  many  points  in  Westchester  County,  all  of  Brooklyn,  Green- i 
point,  Hunter's  Point  and  East  New  York,  all  points  on  Staten  Island,  all  I 
of  Jersey  City  and  about  a  hundred  other  towns  in  New  Jersey  and  Long 
Island.  Opposite  Ridley's  branch  store  is  the  stable  where  the  horses  and 
wagons  used  are  kept,  and  where  all  repairs  to  rolling  stock  and  the  shoe- 
ing of  horses  are  attended  to.  This  building,  with  the  land  on  which  it 
stands,  cost  the  firm  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars. 


BUSINESS    CENTRES.  195 

All  told  the  number  of  employes  exceeds  2,500  at  all  times,  and 
during  holiday  seasons  runs  above  3,000.  Of  these,  forty  per  cent,  have 
been  in  the  employ  of  the  house  for  over  ten  years,  and  many  as  long  as  30, 
35,  and  40  years.  To  enter  the  service  of  the  house  is  to  begin  a  career,  for 
all  promotions  are  made  from  the  ranks,  and  every  head  of  a  department 
has  served  in  a  subordinate  capacity.  There  is  a  nice  gradation  of  rank, 
and  promotion  invariably  waits  upon  merit.  No  employe  can  be  dis- 
charged without  the  sanction  of  the  superintendent,  who  has  been  in  the 
employ  of  the  house  over  forty  years,  and  to  him  all  employes  have 
the  right  of  appeal.  They  may  even  go  over  his  head  to  a  member  of  the 
firm,  if  they  feel  aggrieved  or  wronged  by  his  decisions.  The  employes 
have  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  those  among  their  number  who  become  sick  or 
disabled,  and  mutual  kindness  is  the  rule  among  the  employes.  In  this 
they  follow  the  example  of  the  members  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  Edward 
Albert  and  Arthur  John  Ridley,  who  follow  in  their  father's  footsteps  by 
ruling  with  justice  and  benevolence  over  the  great  establishment 
which  has  become  greater  in  their  care.  It  is  the  Bon  Marche  of  New 
York. 

The  easiest  way  to  reach  Ridleys'  from  any  part  of  New  York  may  be 
learned  from  the  following  paragraphs: 

From  Central  Park,  East  main  entrance,  59th  St>  and  5th  Ave.,  go 
west  one  block  to  6th  Ave. ;  take  Elevated  R.  R.  to  Grand  St. ;  take  Grand 
St.  car  going  east;  it  passes   our  store. 

From  Central  Park,  West  59th  St.  end  8th  Ave.,  go  east  two  blocks  to 
6th  Ave.;  take  Elevated  R.  R.  to  Grand  St.;  take  Grand  St.  car  going  east; 
it  passes  our  store. 

From  Battery,  Staten  Island,  Atlantic  Avenue  and  Hamilton  Avenue 
Ferries,  take  2d  Ave.  Elevated  R.  R.  to  Grand  St.  station,  directly  opposite 
our  store. 

Barclay  St.  ferry,  North  River,  take  West  St.  line  of  cars  to  Desbrosses 
St.,  then  Grand  St.  car,  which  passes  our  store. 

Brooklyn  Bridge,  take  3d  Ave.  Elevated  R.  R.  to  Grand  St.,  go  east 
4  blocks. 

City  Hall,  take  3d  Ave.  Elevated  R.  R.  to  Grand  St.,  go  east  4  blocks. 

Chambers  Street  Ferry,  North  River,  take  West  St.  line  of  cars  to 
Desbrosses  St.,  then  Grand  St.  cars,  which  pass  our  store. 

Christopher  Street  Ferry,  North  River,  take  West  St.  1'ne  of  cars  to 
Desbrosses  St.,  then  Grand  St.  cars,  which  pass  our  store. 

Cortlandt  Street  Ferry,  North  River,  take  West  St.  line  of  cars  to 
Desbrosses  St.,  then  Grand  St.  cars,  which  pass  our  store. 

Desbrosses  Street  Ferry,  North  River,  take  Grand  St.  oar  at  ferry 
direct  to  the  store. 


196  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

Grand  Central  Depot,  take  3d  Ave.  Elevated  R.  R.  at  depot  to  Grand 
St. ,  go  east  4  blocks. 

Hotels  on  Broadway,  take  Broadway  cars  to  Grand  St.,  take  car  going- 
east;  it  passes  our  store. 

Liberty  Street  Ferry,  North  River,  take  West  St.  car  to  Desbrosses  St., 
then  Grand  St.  car;  it  passes  our  store. 

Grand  Street  and  Broadway  Ferries,  East  River  from  Williamsburgh ; 
take  Grand  St.  car  on  New  York  sdj;  it  passes  our  store. 

Twenty-third  Street  Ferry,  East  River,  take  2d  Ave.  Elevated  R.  R.  to 
Grand  St. ,  directly  opposite  the  store. 

Markets. 

At  such  stores  as  the  above  New  Yorkers  clothe  themselves.  Their 
food  is  obtained  either  directly  or  through  middlemen  from  the  great  mar- 
kets. Chief  of  these  is  Washington  Market,  bounded  by  Fulton,  West, 
Vesey  and  Washington  streets — at  least  the  market  building  is  so  bounded. 
By  Washington  Market  a  resident  of  New  York  understands  the  surround- 
ing district  for  several  blocks  on  each  side.  In  this  market  district  as  much 
meat,  vegetables  and  fruit  are  sold  every  day  as  in  all  the  other  markets 
together.  On  Saturday  mornings  and  on  the  eve  of  Thanksgiving  day, 
Christmas  or  Easter,  the  market  is  most  crowded,  and  then  it  is  so  thronged 
with  people  that  it  is  a  wonder  any  business  can  be  transacted  there  at  all. 

West  Washington  Market  is  the  next  largest.  It  is  situated  at  the 
foot  of  West  Twelfth  Street.  At  one  of  the  piers  nearby  is  the  principal 
wholesale  oyster  market,  where  the  middlemen  in  this  trade  moor  the  large 
barges  which  constitute  floating  supports  for  the  wooden  stores  upon  their 
decks.  The  oyster  fishermen  sail  up  to  these  barges  daily  in  their  sloops 
and  schooners  and  transfer  their  cargoes.  There  is  a  similar  market  at  a 
pier  lower  down,  near  Christopher  street  ferry.  Just  east  of  West  Wash- 
ington Market  is  Gansevoort  Market,  a  great  paved  space,  where  the 
farmers  and  truck  raisers  sell  from  their  wagons.  There  is  room  for  a 
thousand  wagons  in  this  space.  The  farmers  come  here  during  the  night, 
sell  their  products  in  the  early  morning,  and  usually  start  homeward  before 
10  o'clock. 

Fulton  Market  covers  the  square  between  Fulton,  Front,  Beekman 
and  South  streets.  Opposite,  on  the  bank  of  the  East  River,  is  the  famous 
Fulton  Fish  Market.  In  Fulton  Market  proper  are  many  restaurants  where 
fish  cooked  in  all  ways  are  the  best  dishes  obtainable. 

In  this  market  stalls  Nos.  72  to  98  inclusive  are  operated  by  Eugene  G. 
Blackford  ex-  fish  commissioner  for  the  State.  Every  visitor  to  New  York 
City  should  not  fail  to  visit  his  establishment,  which  constitutes  the  great- 
est fish  market  on  this  continent  and  probably  the  greatest  in  the  world. 


IT  LEADS  THEM  ALL 

The  MUTUAL  LIFE 

INSURANCE  CO. 


RICHARD  A.  McCURDY,       -        -        -       President. 


ASSETS  OVER     -      -      -     -     $159,000,000 


The  Consol   Policy  recently   announced  by   The   Mutual   Life   Insurance 

Company   of  New   York   combines   more   advantages  with  fewer 

restrictions  than   any  investment  insurance  contract  ever 

offered.     It  consolidates 

INSURANCE !     ENDOWMENT!     INVESTMENT!     ANNUAL  INCOME ! 


No  other  company  offers  this  policy.     Apply  only  to  Company's  nearest 
Agent  for  details. 

THE  MUTUAL.  LIFE  paid  to  its  Policy-         g[  ^  (\    r\r\r\   HHH 
holders  in  1891,  nearly  #>  *  C>  jUVJVJ,VJU*J. 


The   Mutual  has  ever  been   in   the   minds  of  the   discriminating  public, 

THE  GREATEST  OF  ALL  THE  COMPANIES, 


For  full  particulars  of  the   above,    or  any  other  form  of  policy,  address 

CHARLES  H.  RAYMOND, 

Metropolitan  General  Agent, 

59  Cedar  Street  -   NEW  YORK  CITY. 


L 


nickerbocker  Srnst  Co. 

234  Fifth  Avenue,      27thC0street, 

NEW  YORK. 

Branch  Office,   18  Wall  Street  and  3  Nassau  Street. 


Capital  and  Surplus,       -      -       $1,000,000. 


DESIGNATED  LEGAL  DEPOSITORY. 

A  UTHORIZED  to  act  as  Executor,  Administrator, 
Guardian,  Receiver,  Registrar,  Transfer  and  Fin- 
ancial Agent,  and  to  accept  other  trusts.  INTEREST 
allowed  on  time  deposits.  Deposits  received  subject 
to  checks  on  demand,  which  pass  through  the  Clearing 
House  like  those  upon  any  city  bank. 

SAFE  DEPOSIT  BOXES  to  rent  in  FIRE  AND 
BURGLAR  PROOF  VAULT. 


JOHN  P.  TOWNSEND,  President. 

CHARLES  T.  BARNEY,  Vice-President. 

JOSEPH  T.  BROWN,  2d  Vice-President. 

^-z    DIRECTORS. ~  —  •  •  •  •  ^2 


Joseph  S.  Auerbach.  Henry  W.  T.  Mali.  Hon.  E.  V.  Loew.  Robert  Maclay. 

Harry  B.  Hollins.  Andrew  H.  Sands.  Henry  F.  Dimock,  C.  Lawrence  Perkins. 

Jacob  Hays.  James  H.  Breslin.  John  P.  Townsend.  Edward  Wood. 

Charles  T.  Barney.  Gen.  George  J.  Magee.      Charles  F.  Watson.  Win.  H.  Beadleston. 

A.  Foster  Higgins.  I.  Townsend  Burden.        David  H.  King,  Jr.  Alfred  L.  White. 

Robert  G.  Remsen.  John  S.  Tilncy.  Frederick  G.  Bourne. 

FREDERICK  L.  ELDRIDGE,  Secretary. 

J.  HENRY  TOWNSEND,  Assistant  Secretary. 


BUSINESS  CENTRES.  197 

There  is  always  something  to  interest  the  naturalist,  the  student  and 
the  consumer,  and  every  day  in  the  year,  with  the  exception  of  Sunday,  there 
is  an  exhibition  of  every  variety  of  fish  that  is  obtained  on  this  continent. 
On  these  stalls  may  be  found  Salmon  and  Halibut  from  the  Puget  Sound, 
State  of  Washington ;  Salmon  from  the  Columbia  River,  Oregon;  Salmon 
from  the  Sacramento  River,  California;  Red  Snappers,  Pompano  and  var- 
ious varieties  of  tropical  fish  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  and  from  every  part 
of  the  Atlantic  coast  where  fish  are  taken,  contributions  are  made  to  this 
display.  This  fish  market  has  a  world-wide  reputation,  and  Mr.  Blackford's 
name  is  familiar  to  everyone  having  any  interest  in  the  fisheries,  either 
scientific  or  practical.  On  the  first  of  April  of  each  year  exhibitions  are 
made  of  Brook  Trout  from  every  prominent  fishculturist  in  the  country, 
and  specimens  are  imported  from  Germany  and  from  England,  Scotland, 
Ireland  and  France,  in  order  that  the  student  may  compare  the  different 
varieties  of  the  Trout  family  as  they  lie  side  by  side  on  the  marble  slabs. 
From  seventy-five  to  one  hundred  varieties  of  fish  and  shell-fish  are  found 
in  Mr.  Blackfords's  market.  Large  aquarium  tanks  are  arranged  tastefully 
on  the  stalls  in  which  are  exhibited  specimens  of  live  fish  of  various  kinds. 
Sometimes  strange  living  fish  may  be  seen  here  that  have  been  brought 
from  China  and  Japan.  The  King-i-o,  the  Gouramie  and  the  Paradise  fish 
and  also  the  Axlotlee  have  all  been  shown  at  this  place  Monstrous  turtles, 
some  of  them  weighing  from  four  hundred  to  five  hundred  pounds  each, 
may  be  seen  here;  in  fact,  everything  that  is  caught  in  the  ocean,  river 
lake  or  pond  may  be  seen  here  at  some  time  during  the  year. 

Other  markets  are  Catharine,  at  the  foot  of  Catharine  street,  on  the 
East  River;  Central,  on  East  Forty-second  street,  opposite  Park  avenue; 
Centre,  in  Centre  street,  between  Grand  and  Broome  streets;  Clinton,  at 
Canal  and  West  streets,  Columbus,  at  Seventh  and  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-fourth  street;  Essex,  in  Essex  street,  at  the  corner  of  Grand  street; 
Jefferson,  in  Sixth  avenue,  corner  of  Greenwich  street;  Tompkins,  in 
Third  avenue,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh  streets,  and  Union,  in  Avenue 
D,  between  Houston  and  Second  streets. 

At  most  of  the  markets  there  are  flowers  for  sale,  but  in  the  Spring  and 
early  Summer  there  are  special  open  air  markets  for  flowers,  which  are 
notable.  Canal  street,  near  the  North  River,  and  the  north  side  of  Union 
Square,  are  the  localities  specially  set  apart  for  this  traffic.  Dealers 
arrange  their  stocks  on  the  pavements  and  sidewalks,  and  as  all  the  plants 
offered  are  in  bloom,  the  effect  produced  is  very  charming.  One  must  rise 
early  to  see  this  sight,  however,  as  the  market  hours  are  from  5  to  9 
A.  M.  only.  There  is  another  flower  market  at  the  foot  of  East  Thirty- 
fourth  street. 

A  few  years  ago  people  used  to  visit  Washington  and  Fulton  Markets 


198  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

in  the  evening,  when  the  working  people  and  the  hucksters  were  wont  to 
chaffer  together  over  the  bargains  contained  in  pushcarts  and  open  wagons, 
There  is  none  of  this  to  be  seen  there  now,  but  picturesque  sights  are  af- 
forded at  "Paddy's  Market,"  and  the  "Jew's  Market."  Hucksters  with 
their  carts  line  both  sides  of  Ninth  avenue  between  Twenty-eighth  and 
Thirty-fourth  streets  every  evening,  and  sell  to  the  tenement  house  popu- 
lation of  the  west  side.  This  is  called  "Paddy's  Market"  because  most  of 
its  frequenters,  sellers  and  buyers  alike,  have  at  least  a  touch  of  brogue  in 
their  voices. 

Friday  is  the  great  market  day  among  the  Russian,  Polish,  and  Ger- 
man Jews,  who  are  establishing  something  like  a  Ghetto  in  the  district 
around  Ludlow  street.  Hester  street  is  their  huckster  market,  and  on 
Fridays  it  is  a  veritable  Bedlam.  The  peddlers'  calls  are  in  all  dialectical 
varieties  and  corruptions  of  Hebrew  and  the  tongue  spoken  in  Central 
Europe.  Bargaining  is  attended  with  much  excitement  and  gesticulation, 
and  the  whole  market  is  a  curious  study. 

There  is  also  a  large  hucksters'  market  in  First  avenue,  between  Seven- 
ty-ninth and  Eighty-fourth  streets.  Like  the  one  affected  by  Paddy  and 
Bridget  it  is  busy  only  in  the  evening  and  does  its  great  work  on  Saturday 
evenings.  One  of  the  most  difficult  Problems  of  the  Health  Board  is  to  pre- 
vent the  sale  of  unfit  food  in  these  open-air  markets.  In  the  regular  mar- 
kets this  is  comparatively  easy  and  a  strict  supervision  is  exercised  but  the 
peddlers  are  hard  to  restrain,  and  raids  have  to  be  made  continually  upon 
them.  All  unsound  fruit,  vegetables,  diseased  meat,  etc.,  are  subject  to 
seizure  and  destruction  by  the  officers  of  the  Board,  and  the  powers  of  these 
inspectors  are  unsparingly  exercised. 

While  the  majority  of  the  residents  in  New  York  obtain  their  food  sup- 
plies from  the  markets,  those  who  live  uptown  depend  almost  entirely  upon 
the  butcher  stores,  of  which  there  are  many  along  the  avenues.  This  city 
consumes  annually  about  425,000,000  lbs.  of  beef,  375,000,000  lbs.  of  veal, 
80,000,000 lbs.  of  mutton  and  lamb,  250,000,000  lbs.  of  pork,  or  about  3,090,- 
000  lbs  of  meat  daily  From  15,000,000  to  20,000,000  oysters  are  eaten  during 
the  season.  Of  poultry  about  75,000,000  lbs.  are  sold,  also  85,000,000  lbs.  of 
butter.  The  annual  consumption  of  eggs  is  about  67,000,000  dozens;  about 
8,000  barrels  of  vegetables  are  consumed  daily. 

Exchanges. 

To  do  business  in~a  large  way,  at  least  cost,  involves  the  daily  assemb- 
ling of  the  persons  concerned.  New  York  has  twenty-seven  meeting  places 
for  this  purpose,  and  in  a  majority  of  cases  those  who  meet  in  them  own 
their  own  buildings,  which  they  call  exchanges.  The  Stock  and  Consolidat- 
ed Exchanges  are  described  elsewhere. 


Business  centres.  i99 

The  Produce  Exchange  is  the  largest  commercial  association  in  the 
world.  It  is  something  over  thirty  years  old.  A  description  of  the  large 
building  it  owns  and  occupies  will  be  found  on  another  page.  The  mem  ■• 
bership  of  this  Exchange  is  limited  to  5,000.  Most  of  the  brokers  deal  m 
futures,  so  that  all  the  food  stuffs  the  country  can  produce  are  sold  several 
times  over  on  the  floor  of  this  Exchange.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  sights 
of  New  York,  and  there  is  a  visitors'  gallery  from  which  the  proceedings  of 
the  brokers  may  be  overlooked.  Admission  to  the  tall  tower  may  be  had 
by  applying  to  the  Superintendent,  whose  office  is  on  the  main  floor.  Be- 
sides buying  and  selling  impossible  quantities  of  grain,  etc.,  this  Exchange 
employs  statisticians  who  record  the  fluctuations  of  the  markets  and  pub- 
lish exact  reports  of  the  yield  of  the  various  crops,  etc. 

The  Cotton  Exchange  has  a  handsome  building  in  Hanover  Square. 
About  thirty  million  bales  are  sold  each  year  for  future  delivery,  or  about 
four  times  the  average  crop.  Sales  of  spot  cotton  average  about  200,000 
bales.     Cotton  is  classified  by  this  Exchange  as  well  as  bought  and  sold. 

The  Real  Estate  Exchange,  whose  building  is  at  Nos.  59  to  65  Liberty 
street,  is  becoming  a  very  important  institution.  Its  auction  sales  of  real 
estate  and  stocks  and  bonds  amount  to  about  fifty  millions  of  dollars  year- 
ly. The  public  are  admitted  to  bid  upon  the  real  property  and  securities 
offered  at  auction. 

The  Maritime  Exchange  is  located  in  the  Produce  Exchange  Building, 
at  Beaver  and  New  streets.  It  is  maintained  by  the  Maritime  Association 
of  the  Port  of  New  York,  as  a  centre  for  collecting  and  disseminating  the 
marine  and  commercial  news  of  the  current  hour  in  advance  of  publi- 
cation. 

The  institution  was  chartered  by  special  Act  of  the  New  York  State 
Legislature  in  1874.  Its  members  number  1,328,  embracing  representa- 
tives of  shipping,  steam  and  sail,  railroads  and  internal  transportation 
lines,  merchants,  bankers,  and  others  interested  in  foreign  and  domestic 
commerce.  It  is  supported  by  annual  dues  of  $25  from  each  member,  sup- 
plemented by  revenue  derived  from  news  and  other  facilities  afforded  to 
underwriters,  newspapers  and  others. 

The  news  received — by  direct  wires  from  the  leading  seaports  and  from 
special  agents  at  important  points, — is  bulletined  as  soon  as  received. 
Vessels  entering  or  leaving  this  or  other  ports  are  promptly  reported;  also 
marine  disasters,  vessels  spoken  or  passing  certain  points,  clearances,  char- 
ters, etc.  Market  reports  of  staples  here  and  abroad  and  other  valuable 
business  intelligence,  foreign  and  domestic,  are  regularly  posted.  The 
government  maintains  at  the  Exchange  a  branch  Hydrographic  Office 
under  charge  of  naval  officers  supplied  with  charts  corrected  to  date  and 
affording  the  latest  data  regarding  the   navigable   waters  of  the  world. 


200  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Non-resident  visitors  are  welcomed  and  upon  introduction  by  members  are 
granted  the  use  of  the  Exchange  for  ten  days.     It  is  well  worth  a  visit 

The  Coffee  Exchange  has  been  in  successful  operation  for  over  ten 
years.  Its  quarters  are  at  Beaver  and  Pearl  street,  There  are  about  300 
members.  Some  9,000,000  bags  of  coffee  are  sold  annually  and  about 
a  million  dollars  is  deposited  in  margins. 

The  Mercantile  Exchange  has  a  building  at  Harrison  and  Hudson 
streets.  The  members,  who  number  800,  are  mostly  engaged  in  the  produce 
and  grocery  trades,  and  the  records  kept  are  of  the  supply  and  prices  of 
farm,  orchard,  and  dairy  products. 

The  Retail  Coal  Exchange  owns  the  building  at  131  and  133  East 
Fifty-eighth  street.  Its  membership  includes  almost  all  of  the  wholesale  and 
retail  merchants  in  the  city. 

The  Foreign  Fruit  Exchange  at  23  State  street  is  a  great  auction  mart 
where  cargoes  of  fruits  from  Mediterranean  ports  are  sold.  About  1 ,000  000 
boxes  of  oranges,  1,500,0000  boxes  of  lemons  and  about  200,000  barrels  of 
grapes  are  sold  yearly.  The  approximate  value  of  these  fruits  is  $3,ooo  000 
Sales  are  held  almost  daily  from  12  noon  to  3  P.  M.  Any  person  may  attend 
them. 

Other  Exchanges  of  consequence  are  the  Brewers,  at  Worth  street  and 
Park  Row;  Building  Materials  at  59  Liberty  street;  Coal  and  Iron 
at  New  Church  and  Cortlandt;  Hardware  at  4  Warren  street;  Hay  at 
33rd  St.  and  nth  Ave.;  Importers  and  Grocers  at  107  Water  street 
Mechanics  and  Traders  at  14  Vesey  street;  Metals  at  Pearl  street  and 
Burling  Slip;  Milk  at  6  Harrison  street;  Furniture  at  150  Canal  street, 
and  Stationery  at  97  Nassau  street. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  not  an  Exchange,  but  rather  the  par- 
liament of  the  business  interests  of  the  city.  Its  membership  is  limited  to 
1,000,  and  the  business  qualifications  of  a  man  must  be  well  established  by 
success  and  wealth  before  he  will  be  admitted  to  membership.  This  body 
usually  takes  the  lead  in  all  voluntary  public  movements.  It  discusses  all 
the  more  important  social  and  economic  questions  of  the  day,  and  its  con- 
clusions, formulated  in  resolutions,  have  great  influence  with  Congress,  the 
state  legislature  and  the  city  council. 

Regular  meetings  of  this  body  are  held  on  the  first  Thursday  of  each 
month  at  their  headquarters  in  the  Mutual  Life  Building  on  Nassau  street, 
and  special  meetings  are  called  whenever  necessary.  One  of  the  most  use- 
ful functions  of  this  organization  is  the  settling  of  commercial  disputes  out 
of  court,  which  is  done  by  a  committee  known  as  the  Court  of  Arbitration. 
Much  costly  litigation  is  avoided  through  the  instrumentality  of  this  com- 
mittee. The  Chamber  also  publishes  annual  reports  reviewing  the  course 
of  trade  throughout  the  year,  and  presenting  valuable  statistics. 


BUSINESS   CENTRES.  201 

New  Yorkers  believe  in  comfort  and  pleasure  in  their  offices  as  well  as 
at  their  homes.  During  the  last  few  years  there  have  been  erected  here  a 
number  of  the  most  sumptuously  appointed  office  buildings  in  the  world. 
These  are  provided  with  every  possible  convenience,  including  elevators, 
messenger,  telephone,  telegraph  and  cable  services  and  mail  chutes,  per- 
mitting the  mailing  of  letters  on  each  floor.  In  renting  an  office  in  such  a 
building  the  tenant  pays  for  janitor  service,  cleaning,  lighting  by  electric 
light  or  gas,  and  heating.  Every  care  is  lifted  from  his  shoulders.  Special 
protection  of  the  tenants'  property  is  also  provided  by  a  corps  of  watchmen. 
All  the  more  modern  office  buildings  are  fire-pioof.  Following  is  a  list  of 
the  largest  of  these  buildings: — 

Aldrich  Court,  45  Broadway;  the  Astor  Building,  10  Wall  St.;  Bank  of 
America,  46  Wall  St. ;  Bededict  Building,  93  Nassau  St. ;  Bible  House,  4th 
Ave. ,  cor.  8th  St. ;  Boreel  Building,  113  Broadway;  Central  Building,  143 
Liberty  St. ;  Clinton  Hall,  15  Astor  Place;  Columbia  Building,  29  Broad- 
way; Commercial  Union,  58  William  St. ;  Corbin  Building,  192  Broadway; 
Delmonico,  56  Beaver  St.;  Drexel  Building,  7  Broad  St.;  Edison  Building, 
42  Broad  St.;  Equitable,  120  Broadway;  Evening  Post,  206  Broadway; 
Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust,  22  William  St. ;  Germania,  62  William  St. ; 
Havemeyer,  35  Church  St.;  Imperial,  33  Pine  St.;  Jackson,  31  East  17th 
St.;  Judge,  no  Fifth  Ave.;  Knickerbocker,  2  West  14th  St.;  Lincoln,  1 
Union  Sq.,W.;  Liverpool,  London  &  Globe,  45  William  St.;  London  & 
Lancashire,  57  William  St. ;  Mclntyre,  874  Broadway;  Mail  and  Express, 
203  Broadway;  Methodist  Book  Concern,  150  Fifth  Ave.;  Mills,  23  Broad 
St.;  Morse,  142  Nassau  St.;  Mutual  Life,  28  Nassau  St.;  National  Park 
Bank,  215  Broadway;  N.  Y.  Life,  346  Broadway;  Potter,  38  Park  Row;  Pu- 
litzer, 61  Park  Row;  Schermerhorn,  96  Broadway;  Staats  Zeitung,  Tryon 
Row;  Standard  Oil,  28  Broadway;  Stewart.  288  Broadway;  Temple  Court, 
5  Beekman  St. ;  Times  Building,  41  Park  Row;  Tontine,  88  Wall  St. ;  Tower, 
50  Broadway ;  Tribune,  164  Nassau  St. ;  Union  Trust  Co. ,  80  Broadway ;  United 
Bank,  2  Wall  St. ;  U.  S.  National  Bank,  43  Wall  St. ;  University,  Washington 
Sq.,  E.  cor.  Waverly  PI. ;  Vanderbilt,  132  Nassau  St.;  Washington,  1  Broad 
way;  Western  Union,  195  Broadway;  Metropolitan,  cor.  Madison  Sq.  and 
East  23d  St. 


JVIEANS   OF    COMMUNICATION. 


he    Post   Office — The    Telephone   Service — The   Telegraph   Service 
Messenger  Service. 


The  New  York  General  Post  Office  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the 
massive  granite  structure  at  the  convergence  of  Broadway  and  Park  Row, 
overlooking  from  the  rear  the  City  Hall  Park.  This  building  is  one  of 
the  most  imposing  in  the  city.  It  stands  upon  a  triangular  space,  formerly 
a  part  of  the  adjoining  park,  from  which  it  is  now  separated  by  Mail  Street, 
a  thoroughfare  used  chiefly  by  the  U.  S.  Mail  wagons.  The  facade  on 
Mail  Street  is  279  feet  long,  those  on  Broadway  and  Park  Row  each  262 % 
ft.  and  that  opposite  St.  Paul's  Chapel  144  ft.  The  building  is  five  stories 
high,  including  a  mansard  roof,  and  has  a  basement  and  sub-basement. 
The  architectural  style  is  a  blending  of  the  Renaissance  and  Doric.  The 
building  cost  between  $6,000,000  and  $7,000,000.  The  sub-basement  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  engine  rooms,  furnaces,  &c.  The  basement  is  devoted  to  the 
reception  and  sorting  of  mails.  On  the  main  or  street  floor  are  the  general 
delivery,  stamp  and  information  wickets,  private  letter  lock-boxes,  letter, 
newspaper  and  package  drop  boxes.  The  Postmaster's  offices  and  money 
order  offices  are  on  the  second  floor.  On  the  mezzanine  floor  is  the  regis- 
tered letter  and  parcels  department.  The  third  and  fourth  floors  are  occupied 
by  the  Federal  Courts  and  the  Law  Institute. 

The  following  figures  will  give  some  idea  of  the  enormous  business 
done  in  the  New  York  Post  Office:  The  total  number  of  pieces  of  mail 
matter  of  all  kinds  handled  last  year  was  nearly  1,191,000,000,  or  a  daily 
average  of  3,620,000.  This  matter  was  contained  in  6,122,643  lock-pouches, 
sacks  and  cases,  weighing  in  the  aggregate  over  130,000  tons.  In  the  money 
order  department  over  2,500,000  money  orders  and  postal  notes  were 
issued  and  paid,  representing  in  value  nearly  $109,500,000.  The  yearly 
receipts  from  the  sale  of  stamps,  rental  of  lock-boxes,  &c,  amount  to  $6,783,- 
202,  and  the  total  expenditures  to  $2,568,700,  a  profit  of  over  $4,200,000. 
The  free  delivery  service  costs  about  $1,150,000  annually.  There  is  scarce- 
ly a  city,  town  or  country  on  the  globe  or  a  postal  district  in  the  United 


MEANS  OF  COMMUNICATIONS.  203 

States  and  Canada  for  which  a  mail  is  not  made  up  daily  in  the  General 
Post  Office  of  New  York  City. 

The  more  important  offices  and  wickets  in  the  General  Post  Office  buil- 
ding are  located  as  follows  :  On  the  first  (entrance)  floor  are :— The 
Bureau  of  Information,  on  Broadway  side,  opposite  stamp  window.  Here 
letters  and  packages  are  weighed,  and  information  furnished  as  to  postal 
rates,  &c. 

Special  Delivery  Drops,  on  Broadway  side,  near  south  end. 
Poste  Rest  ante  general  delivery  windows,  Section  5,  Park  Row  side; 
advertised  letters  window,  Section  6,  Park  Row  side;  foreign  letters  window, 
Section  7,  Park  Row  side;  women's  window,  Section  9,  Park  Row  side. 
Foreign  Supplementary  Mail  window,  Section  22,  Park  Row  side. 
Postage  Stamps,  &c.     Sales  in  sums  over  $1,  windows  Nos.  4,  5,  6,  7, 
Section  27,  Broadway  side.    Sales  in  sums  less  than  $1,  windows  Nos.  1,  2, 
3,  Section  27,  Broadway  side,  and  Nos.  1  and  2,  Section  23,  Park  Row  side. 
Outgoing  Domestic    Mail    drops,    Section  25,  Park  Row   side,  and 
Sections  13,  15,  17  and  19  Broadway  side. 

New  York  City  Delivery  drops,  Section  25,  Park  Row  side,  and  Sec- 
tion 11,  Broadway  side. 

Brooklyn  Delivery  drops,  Section  13,  Park  Row  side. 
Special  Delivery  Matter  drops,  between  Sections  12  and  13,  Broad- 
way  side,  and  Section  13,  Park  Row  side. 

Foreign  Country  drops,  Section  27,  Park  Row  side,  and  21,  Broadway 
side. 

Private  Lock  Boxes  are  at  the  south  end  and  Broadway  side. 
On  the  Second  Floor  are  the  offices  of  the  Postmaster,  Room  1,  Park 
Row  side.     Office  hours  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

Money  Orders:  Domestic  money  orders  and  postal  notes,  rooms  22 
and  26,  Broadway  side  ;  hours  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  International  money 
orders,  rooms  30  and  34,  Broadway  side  ;  hours  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

Inquiry  office  for  Missing  Letters,  &c,  room  14,  Broadway  side  ;  hours 
from  9  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M. 

On  the  Mezzanine  floor  is  the  Registered  Letters  and  Parcels  De- 
partment. Windows  for  reception,  rooms  4  and  6,  Broadway  side  ;  office 
hours  from  8  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.  Windows  for  delivery,  rooms  4  and  6, 
Broadway  side  ;  office  hours  from  9  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M. 

The  upper  floors  may  be  reached  by  elevators  opening  from  the  street 
at  the  N.  E.  and  N.  W.  corners  of  the  building. 

Besides  the  General  Post  Office  there  are  20  branch  stations  and  23 
sub-stations,  some  of  which  transact  a  business  equal  to  that  done  in  the 
main  post  offices  of  some  of  the  largest  cities  in  the  Union.  The  branch 
post  offices  are  designated  by  letters  of  the  alphabet  and  are  open  for  busi 


204  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

ness  at  the  following  hours  :  Daily,  except  holidays  and  Sundays,  for  sale 
of  stamps,  &c.,  from  7  A.  M.  to  S  P.  M. ;  on  Sundays  (excepting  Stations  S 
and  High  Bridge,  which  are  closed)  from  9  to  11  A.  M.;  on  holidays  from  7 
to  10  A.  M.;  for  money  order  business  from  8  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.,  and  for  re- 
gistration of  mail  matter  to  6:15  P.  M.  * 

Location  of  Branch  P.  O.  Stations. 

A,  2i,  23  and  25  East  Houston  Street,  southeast  corner  of  Crosby  Street. 

B,  380  Grand  Street  (north  side),  between  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  Streets. 

C,  586  Hudson  Street,  corner  of  Bank  Street. 

D,  217   East  9th   Street,    junction   of    Stuyvesant    Street   (east  of  Third 

avenue). 

E,  322  and  324  Seventh  Avenue,  northwest  corner  of  28th  Street. 

F,  401  Third  Avenue  (east  side)  between  28th  and  29th  Streets. 
G-,  922  Eighth  Avenue,  corner  55th  Street. 

H,  156  East  54th  Street  (south  side),  between  Lexington  and  Third  Avenues. 

J",  213  West  125th  Street. 

K,  203  East  86th  Street,  near  Third  Avenue. 

Li,  117   East   125th   Street   (north   side),   between    Lexington  and  Fourth 

Avenues. 
M,  Amsterdam  Avenue,  near  157th  Street. 
O,  30  and  32  West  13th  Street  (for  reception  of  second  class  matter,  sale  of 

stamps,  etc. ,  registration  of  mail  matter  and  issue  and  payment  of 

money  orders). 
P,  Stone  Street,  corner  Produce  Exchange  Building. 
K,  (Morrisania)  southeast  corner  East  150th  Street  and  Third  Avenue. 
S,  (Kingsbridge)  Broadway,  north  of  Railway  Station. 
S,  Sub-office  at  Riverdale,  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River  Railway 

Station,  Riverdale. 
T,  (Tremont)  719  Tremont  Avenue  (north   side),    between    Railroad  and 

Washington  Avenues. 
W,  549  Columbus  Avenue,  corner  87th  Street. 
High  Bridge,  Drug  Store,  Sedgwick  Avenue,  near  Depot  Place. 

Sub-stations  are  open  for  the  sale  of  stamps,  &c,  domestic  money 
orders  and  postal  notes,  the  registration  of  letters  for  the  domestic  mails, 
and  the  mailing  of  letters,  newspapers  and  packages  in  quantities  too  large 
for  deposit  in  the  street  letter  boxes,  yet  not  too  bulky  to  be  carried  by  the 
mail  collector  to  the  nearest  branch  station. 

Location  of  Sub-Stations. 
No.       1.     Drug  Store,  81  Catherine  Street,  between  Hamilton  and  Cherry 

Streets. 

2.         "         "      North  Moore  and  Hudson  Streets. 


MEANS   OF   COMMUNICATION. 


205 


No.       3.    Drug  Store,  562  Grand  Street. 
"        4.         "         "       3  Second  Avenue. 
"         5.         "         "       King  and  Hudson  Streets. 
"        6,         "         "       Avenue  C  and  6th  Street. 
102  Sixth  Avenue. 

Corner  Seventh  Avenue  and  14th  Street. 
River  dale. 

343  Fourth  Avenue,  corner  25th  Street. 
Eighth  Avenue  and  23d  Street 
Broadway  and  34th  Street. 
Eighth  Avenue  and  41st  Street. 
"       14.         "         "       Park  Avenue  and  42d  Street. 

15.         "         "       Ninth  Avenue  and  61st  Street. 
"       1 6.         "         "       Second  Avenue  and  72d  Street. 
"       17.         "         "       Third  Avenue  and  105th  Street. 
"       iS.         "         "       Pleasant  Avenue,  corner  121st  Street. 
"       19.         "         "       3,409  3d  Avenue,  between  166th  and  167th  Streets. 
"       20.         "         "       2,513  West  Vanderbilt  Avenue,  Fordham. 
4<       21.     Banking,      2,214  First  Avenue. 

There  are  about  100  licensed  agencies  for  the  sale  of  postage  stamps* 
located  at  convenient  points  throughout  the  city. 

Scattered  about  the  city  (attached  to  lamp  posts,  and  in  all  hotels  and 
many  public  buildings)  are  about  1,600  drop  letter  boxes,  from  which  the 
contents  are  collected  by  carriers  at  intervals  varying  from  half  an  hour  to 
an  hour  in  the  more  crowded  business  parts  of  the  city  and  somewhat  less 
often  in  the  residential  quarters.  Each  drop  box  bears  upon  one  of  its  faces  a 
tablet  indicating  the  hours  for  collection  and  distribution  of  mails  in  the 
district  in  which  it  is  placed. 

Local  Deliveries. 

There  are  four  forms  of  delivery  of  ordinary  non-registered  mail  matter: 
1,  by  carriers;  2,  through  lock-boxes;  3,  at  the  "Poste  Restante"  or  General 
Deliver}'-;  4,  by  Special  Delivery  Messengers. 

There  are  on  an  average  7  deliveries  by  carriers  daily  throughout  the 
most  populous  part  of  the  city,  and  at  least  three  in  the  scattered  districts. 
The  first  delivery  begins  at  7.15  A.  M.,  the  last  at  6.40  P.  M.  Pieces 
of  mail  bearing  "special  delivery  stamps"  are  the  only  ones  de- 
livered on  Sunday.  Carriers  are  required  to  deliver  no  mail  matter  except 
to  the  persons  addressed  or  their  authorized  agents ;  to  receive  all  prepaid 
letters,  posta.  cards,  and  small  packages  handed  to  them  for  mailing  while 
on  their  routes;  and  to  collect  any  postage  that  may  be  due  on  mail  mat- 
ter delivered  by  them.     In  certain   suburban  districts  they  are  required  to 


206  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

«arry  a  limited  number  of  postage  stamps  for  sale  to  the  public.  They  are 
forbidden  to  deliver  any  mailable  matter  which  has  not  first  passed  through 
the  mails.  They  are  not  required  to  deliver  heavy  or  bulky  packages.  A 
notice  to  call  at  the  nearest  post  office  for  any  package  of  this  kind  is  sent 
to  the  person  whose  address  it  bears. 

All  ordinary  mail  matter  may  be  delivered  through  lock-boxes  to  the 
lessees,  their  employees,  members  of  their  families  or  firms,  and  their  tem- 
porary visitors  or  guests. 

All  letters  or  other  mail  parcels  bearing  in  addition  to  the  address  the 
words  "Poste  Restante"  or  "To  be  called  for"  are  placed  in  the  Poste  Res- 
tante  at  the  General  Post  Office,  to  be  called  for.  All  matter  failing  of  de- 
livery or  lacking  the  street  or  box  address,  and  for  which  correct  addresses 
cannot  be  found  in  the  city  directories,  is  likewise  placed  in  the  Poste  Res- 
tante. Letters,  &c,  bearing  the  address  of  the  sender  are  returned  within 
30  days  if  no  shorter  time  is  specified  on  their  envelopes. 

Clerks  conversant  with  almost  all  foreign  languages  are  on  duty  at  the 
foreign  delivery  window.  All  undeliverable  mail  matter  (except  local)  is 
advertised  in  the  "New  York  Advocate,"  lists  from  which  are  posted  in  con- 
spicuous places  in  the  lobbies  of  the  General  Post  Office.  Local  letters  are 
not  advertised,  and  after  remaining  unclaimed  in  the  Poste  Restante  for  30 
days  are  sent  to  the  Dead  Letter  Office,  Washington.  All  foreign  mail 
matter  of  ostensible  value  is  also  advertised.  A  charge  of  one  cent  is  made 
on  the  delivery  of  each  article  advertised,  to  defray  the  cost  of  the  service. 

On  Sundays  residents  of  the  different  districts  can  obtain  their  mail  at 
wickets  of  the  Branch  Offices  during  office  hours,  on  presentation  of  reason- 
able evidence  of  their  identity. 

All  letters  or  packages,  bearing  in  addition  to  the  regular  postage  a 
"Special  Delivery  Stamp,"  will  be  delivered  daily  to  any  point  within  the 
carrier's  free  limit  immediately  upon  receipt  at  the  nearest  post  office,  be- 
tween 7  A.  M.  and  9  P.  M.,  from  the  branch  stations,  and  11  P.  M.  from  the 
General  Post  Office.-  When  such  letters  fail  of  delivery  from  any  cause  they 
will  not  again  be  specially  delivered,  but  will  be  sent  out  with  the  regular  car- 
rier on  his  next  trip.  Letters  arriving  from  foreign  countries,  with  Special 
Stamps  attached,  are  entitled  to  the  same  treatment  as  if  mailed  at  any 
domestic  office. 

Postage  Kates  and  Conditions. 

Domestic  Mail  Matter. — First  Class.  The  rate  on  all  letters,  sealed 
or  unsealed,  sent  to  any  post  office  in  the  United  States  or  Canada  is  2  cents 
for  each  ounce  or  fraction  thereof,  or  1  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof  when  mailed  and  called  for  at  the  same  office.  Letter  rate  is 
charged  upon  all  packages  sealed  against  inspection  (excepting  proprietary 


MEANS    OF    COMMUNICATION.  207 

articles  in  original  trade  packages),  type  written  matter,  printed  matter 
containing  writing  (excepting  corrected  proof  sheets,  inscribed  books, 
pamphlets,  and  dated  or  signed  circulars),  postal  cards  to  which  anything  is 
attached  or  on  the  face  of  which  anything  excepting  the  address  is  written, 
and  all  ordinary  cards  used  as  substitutes  for  postal  cards.  This  class  in- 
cludes postal  cards. 

The  Second  Class  embraces  all  newspapers,  magazines,  and  periodical 
publications  issued  regularly  and  at  least  four  times  a  year,  and  having  a 
legitimate  list  of  subscribers,  and  the  rate,  when  mailed  by  the  publisher  or 
news  agent,  is  i  cent  a  pound,  but  when  mailed  by  any  others  it  is  i  cent 
for  each  four  ounces  or  fraction  thereof.  Limit  of  weight  none.  Second 
class  matter  must  be  so  wrapped  as  to  allow  easy  inspection  by  the  post- 
master. 

Third  Class.  The  rate  of  postage  on  Third  Class  matter  is  i  cent  for 
each  two  ounces  or  fraction  thereof,  fully  prepaid  by  postage  stamps.  This 
class  embraces  books,  pamphlets,  and  all  matter  wholly  in  print  on  paper 
(and  not  included  in  the  second  class),  such  as  printed  handbills,  cards, 
labels,  calendars,  printed  postal  cards  mailed  in  bulk,  legal  and  insurance 
blanks,  photographs,  blank  check  and  receipt  books,  engravings,  litho- 
graphs, reproductions  by  hektograph,  cyclostyle,  mimeograph,  or  other 
similar  process  ;  but  the  following  articles,  although  bearing  printing,  are 
not  included  in  the  Third  Class  but  are  Fourth  Class  matter:  Printed 
letter-heads  and  bill-heads ;  envelopes,  printed  or  unprinted  (except  when 
one  or  two  with  printed  address  are  enclosed  with  Third  Class  matter  for 
reply) ;  printed  or  unprinted  blotters  ;  blank  books  ;  playing  cards  ;  dis- 
sected maps  or  pictures ;  oil  or  water  color  paintings  ;  crayon,  pencil,  or  pen 
and  ink  drawings  ;  paper  patterns  ;  paper  sacks  and  wrapping  paper  with 
printing  thereon  ;  photographs  retouched  in  India  ink  or  water  colors  ;  un- 
printed postal  cards  mailed  in  bulk.  Limit  of  weight  four  pounds.  Matter 
of  this  class  must  be  so  tied  or  wrapped  as  to  permit  easy  examination. 

Fourth  Class.  The  rate  of  postage  on  Fourth  Class  matter  is  i 
cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction  thereof,  which  must  be  fully  prepaid  by 
postage  stamps.  This  class  embraces  merchandise,  samples,  and  all  arti- 
cles (not  in  themselves  unmailable)  which  are  not  embraced  in  the  First, 
Second  or  Third  Class.  Seeds,  cuttings,  bulbs,  roots,  scions  and  plants  are 
mailable  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  for  every  two  ounces  or  fraction  thereof. 
Under  this  head  are  included  samples  of  wheat  or  other  grain  in  its  natural 
condition  ;  seedling  potatoes,  beans,  peas,  chestnuts  and  acorns.  Not, 
however,  samples  of  flour,  rolled  oats,  pearled  barley,  or  other  cereals 
which  can  only  be  used  as  articles  of  food  ;  or  cut  flowers,  dried  plants,  and 
botanical  specimens,  which  are  all  subject  to  postage  at  one  cent  per  ounce  ; 
or  foreign  nuts  and  seeds  (such  as  the  coffee  bean),  used  exclusively  as  arti- 


208  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

cles  of  food.  The  limit  of  weight  of  each  package  is  four  pounds.  Matter 
of  this  class  must  be  so  wrapped  or  packed  as  to  be  easily  inspected,  and 
when  of  a  dangerous  nature,  so  secured  as  to  prevent  damage  to  the  other 
contents  of  the  mail  bags  and  the  post  office  employes. 

In  general,  mail  matter  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  classes  may  bear 
simply  the  addresses  of  the  intended  recipient  and  the  sender.  To  the  latter 
the  word  "from"  should  be  prefixed.  Second  class  matter  may  bear  the 
inscription  "marked  copy"  or  words  directing  attention  to  passages  con- 
tained therein. 

Unmailable  Matter  embraces  all  obscene  or  lottery  literature,  any 
matter  otherwise  mailable  bearing  inscriptions  of  scurrilous  or  defamatory 
character,  and  all  materials  of  an  essentially  destructive  nature.  Conceal- 
ing matter  of  a  higher  class  in  that  of  a  lower  class  is  an  offense  punishable 
with  a  fine  of  $10. 

Postage  due  on  mail  matter  (the  amount  indicated  by  postage  due 
stamps  affixed  to  the  letter  or  package)  is  collectable  before  delivery. 

Letters  alone  may  be  withdrawn  by  the  person  depositing  them  or  his 
agent  within  one  hour  after  their  receipt  at  the  General  Post  Office.  Ap- 
plication must  be  made  to  the  Assistant  Postmaster  before  3  P.  M.,  and  a 
fac-simile  of  the  envelope  used  and  of  the  address  in  the  same  handwriting 
must  be  presented. 

Registration.  Any  article  of  the  first,  second  or  third  class  may  be 
registered  at  any  post  office  in  the  United  States.  The  fee  is  10  cents  for 
each  letter  or  parcel,  to  be  affixed  in  stamps  in  addition  to  the  ordinary 
postage,  both  fully  prepaid.  All  registered  matter  must  be  legibly  addressed 
and  securely  sealed,  and  bear  the  address  of  the  sender.  Registered  arti- 
cles are  delivered  only  to  the  addressees  in  person,  or  on  their  written 
order. 

Foreign  Mail  Matter. 

All  countries  except  those  enumerated  in  a  succeeding  paragraph 
are  included  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  between  which  a  uniform 
postal  tariff  obtains. 

The  rates  of  postage  on  mail  matter  posted  in  the  United  States  and 
addressed  to  countries  included  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union  (excepting 
the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  Mexico)  are  as  follows:  Letters,  per  ]/2  ounce, 
5  cents.  Postal  Cards,  each,  2  cents.  Newspaper  and  other  printed  mat- 
ter, per  2  ounces,  1  cent.  Commercial  papers:  Packets  not  in  excess  of  10 
ounces,  5  cents;  packets  in  excess  of  10  ounces,  for  each  2  ounces  or  frac- 
tion thereof,  1  cent.  Samples  of  merchandise:  Packets  not  m  excess  of  4 
ounces,  2  cents;  packets  in  excess  of  4  ounces,  for  each  2  ounces  or  frac- 
tion thereof,  1  cent.    Registration  fee  on  letters  or  other  articles,  10  cents. 


MEANS  OF  COMMUNICATION.  309 

Ordinary  letters  for  countries  of  the  Postal  Union  (except  Canada  and 
Mexico)  will  be  forwarded,  whether  any  postage  is  prepaid  on  them  or  not. 
All  other  mailable  matter  must  be  prepaid  at  least  partially. 

Mail  matter  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  Mexico  is  subject  to  the 
same  rates  and  conditions  as  domestic  mail.  The  following  articles  are 
absolutely  excluded  from  the  mails  to  these  countries: — All  sealed  pack- 
ages, excepting  letters;  all  packages  (excepting  single  volumes  of  printed 
books)  weighing  over  4  pounds  6  ounces;  and  publications  which  violate  the 
copyright  laws  of  these  countries.  From  the  mails  to  Mexico  are  excluded 
liquids,  pastes,  confections,  &c.  The  rate  on  seeds,  &c,  to  Canada  is  1 
cent  per  ounce. 

The  countries  not  embraced  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union  are:  China 
(to  which  all  matter  may  be  registered);  Cape  Colony  and  the  Orange  Free 
State;  Morocco  (except  the  European  post  offices  therein);  Madagascar  (ex- 
cepting St.  Mary's,  Tamatave  and  Majanga);  Ascension  and  St.  Helena. 
The  rates  to  these  countries  are,  for  letters  10  cents  for  each  half  ounce  or 
fraction  thereof;  for  newspapers,  &c,  2  cents  for  each  two  ounces  or  frac- 
tion thereof. 

Dutiable  Articles  received  as  mail  matter  are  detained  by  the  cus- 
toms department  of  the  Post  Office  and  notice  of  their  detention  is  sent  to 
the  addressee,  who  receives  the  same  upon  application  and  payment  of  the 
duties.  Duty  on  books  is  collected  on  delivery.  Books  printed  in  foreign 
languages  are  free. 

Postal  Money  Order  System. 

Applications  for  money  orders  must  be  made  on  blank  forms  furnished 
by  the  post  office,  and  presented  at  the  proper  wickets.  Accurate  and  full 
directions  for  having  money  orders  cashed  or  transferred  to  the  credit  of 
another  are  printed  on  the  back  of  the  order.  These  directions  should  be 
carefully  read  by  all  who  use  this  system  of  transmitting  money. 

For  Domestic  Money  Orders  the  rates  are:  For  sums  not  exceed- 
ing $5,  five  cents;  over  $5  and  not  exceeding  $10,  eight  cents;  over  $10  and 
not  exceeding  $15,  ten  cents;  over  $15  and  not  exceeding  $30,  fifteen  cents; 
over  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40,  twenty  cents;  over  $40  and  not  exceeding 
$50,  twenty-five  cents;  over  $50  and  not  exceeding  $60,  thirty  cents;  over 
$60  and  not  exceeding  $70,  thirty-five  cents;  over  $70  and  not  exceeding 
$80,  forty  cents;  over  $80  and  not  exceeding  $100,  forty-five  cents.  The  limit 
of  each  domestic  order  is  $100. 

Postal  Notes  are  issued  for  a  fee  of  3  cents  each  for  any  sum  from  1 
cent  to  $4.99.  They  are  payable  at  any  money  order  office  in  the  Union 
within  three  months  after  the  date  of  issue.     No  duplicates  are  issued. 

International  Money  Orders  are  issued  payable  in  almost  all  the 
foreign  countries  embraced  in  the  Postal  Union.     In  some  cases  the  remit- 


210  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

ter  forwards  the  order  direct,  and  in  others  the  postmaster  forwards  it,  giv- 
ing a  receipt  to  the  sender.  For  these  orders  the  rates  are:  On  orders  not 
exceeding  $10,  ten  cents;  over  $10  and  not  exceeding  $20,  twenty  cents; 
over  $20  and  not  exceeding  $30,  thirty  cents;  over  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40, 
forty  cents;  over  $40  and  not  exceeding  $50,  fifty  cents;  over  $50  and  not 
exceeding  $60,  sixty  cents;  over  $60  and  not  exceeding  $70,  seventy  cents; 
;ver  $70  and  not  exceeding  $80,  eighty  cents;  over  $80  and  not  exceeding 
$90,  ninety  cents;  over  $90  and  not  exceeding  $100,  one  dollar.  Interna- 
tional money  orders  are  payable  any  time  within  twelve  months  after  the 
date  of  issue. 

Blank  Forms  are  furnished  by  the  postmaster  upon  which  to  record 
changes  of  address.  These  forms  may  be  obtained  from  the  carriers  or  at 
the  general  or  branch  offices,  and  should  be  returned  to  the  same. 

Red  Drop  Letter  Boxes  for  the  reception  of  letters  too  late  for  the 
mails  at  the  post  office,  and  intended  for  distribution  at  points  along  the 
lines  of  the  New  York  Central,  Pennsylvania,  and  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  and  Western  Railroads,  are  placed  at  the  entrances  of  the  depots  of 
these  roads.  The  contents  are  removed  from  these  boxes  by  the  railway 
postal  clerk  a  few  minutes  before  the  leaving  of  each  mail  train. 

Messenger  Service. 

The  American  District  Telegraph  Company,  with  executive  offices  at 
8  Dey  street  and  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company,  187  Broadway  pro- 
vides the  metropolis  with  an  efficient  messenger  service.  A  force  of 
about  1,500  messenger  boys  in  blue  uniform  is  maintained,  and  the  equip- 
ment includes  33,000 automatic  electrical  call-boxes,  and  complete  connection 
by  wire  with  the  Western  Union  and  Postal  Telegraph  systems,  and  the 
police  and  fire  departments.  The  messenger  call-boxes  are  small  electrical 
signal  instruments  connected  by  wire  with  the  nearest  messenger  office 
and  operated  with  a  crank  which  is  moved  through  different  distances  on 
the  arc  of  a  circle  and  then  released — the  distance  depending  upon  the 
service  required.  As  it  is  possible  to  summon  by  one  of  these  instruments 
a  messenger,  a  policeman  or  the  fire  department,  every  one  unfamiliar 
with  them  should,  before  touching  the  crank  of  one,  carefully  read  the 
directions  printed  on  the  face  of  the  box.  Charge  is  made  for  the  service 
of  the  messenger  summoned  and  not  for  the  use  of  the  boxes,  which  are 
placed  in  public  and  private  buildings  free  on  the  assurance  of  a  reasonable 
patronage.  Messenger  boys  are  in  waiting  in  all  the  offices  of  the  com- 
pany. 

The  regular  charge  for  messenger-service  is  based  upon  the  standard 
rate  of  30  cents  an  hour.  Detentions  are  charged  at  the  same  rate.  Per- 
sons employing  messengers  should  write  plainly  upon  the  tickets  presented 


MEANS  OP  COMMUNICATION.  211 

to  them  the  amount  paid,  and  the  destination  of  the  message,  to  prevent 
extortion  or  miscarriage. 

Messenger  offices  are  located  within  the  city  limits  at  the  following 
places.     Those  marked  with  an  asterisk  are  never  closed: 

Produce  Exchange,  134  Pearl  St.,  9  New  St.,  120  Broadway,  10  Wall  St., 
120  Front  St.,  68  Fulton  St.,  151  Church  St.,  *iqs  Broadway,  Cotton  Ex- 
change, 281  Broadway,  142  West  St.,  32  Desbrosses  St.,  316  Greenwich  St., 
*233  Grand  St.,  407  Broadway,  255  Church  St.,  444  Broome  St.,  *5go  Broad- 
way, Gansevoort  Market,  386  West  St.,  398  East  10th  St.,  *no  West  14th 
St.,  *8th  St.  &  University  PL,  *20i  East  14th  St.,  ^854 Broadway,  70  Eighth 
Ave.,  344  3d  Ave.,  *8  W.  23d  St.,  *27o  West  23d  St.,  ^1140  Broadway,  Man. 
Market,  *i227  Broadway,  270  West  34th  St.,  *397  5th  Ave.,  *666  Sixth 
Ave.,  497  Third  Ave.,  *Grand  Cent.  Depot,  *82i  Sixth  Ave.,  *5 39  Fifth 
Ave. ,  844  Third  Ave.,  ^990  Sixth  Ave.,  ^985  8th  Ave.,  ^1059  Third  Ave., 
45th  St.  &  1st  Ave.,  '^1369  Third  Ave.,  ^251  Columbus  Ave.,  *763  Madison 
Ave.,  *453  Columbus  Ave.,  *g8s  Madison  Ave.,  *644  Columbus  Ave.,  1616 
Third  Ave.,  268  W.  11 6th  St.,  2097  Third  Ave.,  ^134  E.  125th  St.,  *53  W. 
125th  St.,  264  W.  125th  St.,  2300  7th  Ave. 

Messengers  can  be  called  from  all  hotels  and  restaurants  anci  many 
other  public  places  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  night. 

Telegraphic  System. 

The  United  States  possesses  in  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 
the  most  complete  and  extensive  telegraphic  system  in  the  world.  The 
greater  part  of  the  continent  is  covered  by  this  system  as  with  a  vast  metallic 
net.  Every  city,  town,  and  almost  every  village  is  in  telegraphic  communica- 
tion with  the  metropolis.  The  lofty  red  brick  building  at  the  N.  W.  corner 
of  Broadway  and  Dey  Street  contains  the  head  offices  of  the  Western  Union 
Company.  The  main  offices  of  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company  are  at  187 
Broadway.  Local  offices  are  conveniently  situated  in  every  district  of  the  city, 
in  all  railroad  depots,  and  in  the  principal  public  and  office  buildings  and 
hotels.  During  the  last  few  years  the  city  authorities  have  compelled  the 
telegraph  companies  to  place  their  wires  in  the  conduits  of  the  electrical 
subways  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  city.  The  enforcing  of  this 
regulation  has  removed  from  many  great  thoroughfares  the  unsightly  poles 
with  which  they  were  formerly  studded. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  operates  the  two  trans- 
Atlantic  cables  of  the  American  Telegraph  and  Cable  Company  between 
Penzance, England,  and  Canso,  Nova  Scotia,  connecting  at  the  latter  point 
with  two  cables  which  run  to  Coney  Island,  there  connecting  with  an  under- 
ground system  of  wires  across  Long  Island,  aerial  cables  over  the  Brooklyn 
bridge,  and  subterranean  wires  in  the  streets  in  New  York  City  to  the  com- 


212  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK, 

pany's  principal  cable  office  at  16  Broad  street.  From  the  cable  landing  at 
Penzance  independent  wires  run  to  the  company's  offices  in  London.  The 
cables  in  New  York  are  connected  directly  with  the  New  York  Stock  Ex- 
change and  the  other  principal  exchanges,  so  that  messages  concerning 
dealings  in  the  different  stocks  and  produce  markets  are  flashed  backwards 
and  forwards  between  New  York  and  London  in  an  almost  imperceptible 
period  of  time.  The  brokers  in  those  two  cities,  as  well  as  at  Paris,  Ant- 
werp, Amsterdam,  Hamburg  and  other  leading  cities  in  Europe  who  have 
business  connections  with  New  York  are  virtually  brought  into  communica- 
tion with  each  other  through  the  business  hours,  allowing  for  the  difference 
of  time  between  the  two  hemispheres,  and  deal  with  each  other  almost  in 
the  same  way  as  if  they  were  face  to  face  on  the  floors  of  their  respective 
exchanges.  The  Atlantic  cable  service  of  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  is  made  the  more  comprehensive  by  that  company's  arrangements 
with  the  Anglo-American  Telegraph  Company,  which  owns  three  cables 
between  Newfoundland  and  Ireland,  thence  by  direct  wire  to  London  and 
several  of  the  larger  cities  in  Great  Britain,  one  of  these  cables  extending 
directly  to  Emden  in  Germany,  where  exclusive  connection  is  made  with  the  ! 
telegraph  lines  of  the  German  Government  ;  also  one  cable  from  Duxbury, 
Mass.,  via  St.  Pierre,  Miquelon,  to  Brest,  France,  where  a  direct  wire  con- 
nects it  with  Pans  ;  also  by  its  connection  with  the  Direct  United  States 
Cable  Company,  which  owns  a  cable  from  Rye  Beach,  N.  H.,  via  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  to  Ireland,  thence  by  direct  wires  to  London.  The  Western  I 
Union  Telegraph  Company  also  operates  the  only  cables  between  Florida  1 
and  Havana,  which  belong  to  the  International  Ocean  Telegraph  Company.  1 
They  connect  there  with  the  entire  system  of  cables  which  extend  to  all  the  1 
West  India  Islands,  Venezuela  and  the  northeastern  coast  of  South  1 
America.  It  also  has  the  only  connection  at  Galveston,  Texas,  with  the  | 
cables  of  the  Mexican  Telegraph  Company  and  the  Central  and  South 
American  Telegraph  Company,  which  extend,  via  Mexico,  to  Peru  and] 
Chili,  and  via  a  land  line  over  the  Andes  mountains  to  Buenos  Ayres, 
Argentine  Republic.  It  is  therefore  possible  to  send  a  message  by  the  I 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company's  lines  from  the  remotest  telegraph  j 
office  in  the  country  to  any  part  of  the  world,  and  to  be  sure  of  the  prompt- 
est transmission,  because  of  the  numerous  routes  which  the  company  j 
controls. 

The  transmitting  room  in  the  Western  Union  building  is  connected  by 
underground  pneumatic  tubes  with  the  large  branch  offices  at  16  Broad  St., 
4°7»  599  an(I  854  Broadway,  8  W.  23d  St.  and  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel. 
These  tubes,  which  are  worked  by  powerful  engines,  are  used  for  the  rapid, 
transmission  of  messages  in  the  written  form. 

At  the  head  offices  of  the  company  at  195  Broadway,  are   centered 


MEANS   OF   COMMUNICATION.  213 

nearly  every  variety  of  telegraphic  service,  affecting  all  the  interests  of  the 
country,  both  commercial  and  social.  Each  department  has  an  interest  of 
its  own,  and  among  the  principal  departments  are  the  following: 

Time    Service. 

On  the  top  of  the  building  is  a  structure  carrying  a  time  ball  which  is 
visible  from  all  parts  of  the  harbor  and  the  river,  as  well  as  from  the  sur- 
rounding streets.  The  ball  is  connected  by  wire  with  the  Naval  Observa- 
tory at  Washington.  Precisely  at  noon  each  day  a  signal  is  sent  out  from 
the  observatory  which  releases  a  certain  apparatus,  and  the  ball  falls,  giving 
the  signal  to  all  the  craft  afloat  by  which  their  chronometers  can  be 
corrected.  The  same  electrical  current  which  causes  the  ball  to  drop  is 
sent,  by  means  of  another  intricate  and  delicate  apparatus,  over  the  main 
lines  of  the  company  centering  in  New  York,  producing  signals  at  the  most 
distant  points,  and  enabling  the  railroads  and  other  enterprises  to  which  the 
question  of  exact  time  is  a  matter  of  importance  to  correct  their  time  pieces 
and  to  regulate  their  affairs  with  exact  precision  from  day  to  day. 

Steamer  Service. 

The  company  has  lookouts  at  Fire  Island,  N.  Y.,  and  at  the  Navesink 
Highlands,  N.  J.,  from  which  a  perpetual  observation  is  made  of  all  the 
steamers  coming  to  the  port  of  New  York.  The  moment  any  steamer  is 
sighted  the  information  is  telegraphed  to  No.  195  Broadway.  From  there 
it  is  disseminated  to  the  exchanges  and  steamship  companies  who  may  wish 
to  make  preparations  for  the  reception  of  the  steamers,  as  well  as  to  in- 
dividual subscribers  who  desire  to  be  informed  of  the  arrival  of  their 
friends. 

Government  Signal  Service. 

At  certain  hours  of  the  day  the  Western  Union  Company  transmits  for 
the  Government  the  reports  of  the  observers  of  the  Weather  ^Bureau  in  all 
parts  of  the  country.  Naturally  the  bulk  of  these  reports  come  to  New 
York  for  distribution.  By  means  of  their  transmission  by  the  company  at 
stated  hours,  morning  and  night,  the  condition  of  the  weather  is  published 
in  almost  every  newspaper  throughout  the  country,  to  the  great  advantage 
of  both  agriculture  and  commerce. 

Commercial  News  Department. 

In  this  department,  by  means  of  the  company's  connections  with  the 
various  exchanges  throughout  the  country,  the  reports  of  markets  of  all 
kinds  are  collected  and  distributed  to  subscribers  wherever  they  are  needed, 
so  that  every  man  who  has  merchandise  to  sell  or  who  wishes  to  buy  can,  by 


214  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

application  to  the  company,  always  have  at  his  command  the  necessary  in- 
formation to  enable  him  to  make  advantageous  decision. 

Some  idea  of  the  vast  business  done  throughout  the  country  by  the 
telegraph  companies  may  be  formed  from  the  fact  that  during  last  year  the 
Western  Union  Company  alone  operated  over  725,000  miles  between  21.000 
offices,  and  distributed  more  than  65,000,000  messages.  In  this  ser- 
vice about  $30,000,000  is  spent.  This  company  employs  about  35,000 
persons. 

The  following  offices  are  never  closed  : — N.  W.  cor.  Broadway  and  Dey 
St.;  187  Broadway  ;  599  Broadway  (near  Houston  St.) ;  854  Broadway  (south 
of  14th  St.) ;  8  W.  23d  St.  (near  5th  Ave.)  ;  1132  Broadway  ;  1227  Broadway 
(near  29th  St.) ;  821  Sixth  Ave.  (near  47th  St.),  and  134  E.  125th  St. 

Telegraphic  Kates  and  Conditions. 

The  words  contained  in  the  body  of  a  message  alone  are  charged  for. 
The  date,  address  and  signature  are  transmitted  free  of  charge.  Messages 
may  be  of  any  length.  Specific  regulations  are  printed  on  the  back  of  each 
message  blank. 

Local  Rates  : — For  messages  between  points  in  New  York  City  and 
Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  Newark,  the  Oranges,  Paterson,  Hoboken,  Wee- 
hawken,  and  many  of  the  nearby  towns  of  New  Jersey,  and  Philadelphia, 
the  ( h  u-ge  is  20  cents  for  10  words  and  1  cent  for  each  additional  word. 

Continental  and  Foreign  Rates  : — The  rates  to  a  few  places  only  can 
be  given  here.  These,  however,  will  indicate  the  cost  of  sending  messages 
to  points  throughout  the  country. 

Messages  containing  10  words  beside  the  address  and  signature  are  for- 
warded from  New  York  to  the  following  points  at  the  rates  named  :  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  25  cents;  Allegheny,  Pa.,  25  cents;  Atlanta,  Ga.,  50  cents;  Boston, 
Mass.,  25  cents;  Baltimore,  Md.,  25  cents;  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  25  cents;  Chicago, 
111.,  40  cents;  Cincinnati,  O.,  40  cents;  Cleveland,  O.,  40  cents;  Columbus, 
O.,  40  cents;  Cambridge,  Mass.,  25  cents;  Camden,  N.  J.,  25  cents;  Detroit, 
Mich.,  40  cents;  Denver,  Col.,  75  cents;  Dayton,  O.,  40  cents;  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  25  cents;  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  50 cents;  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  50  cents; 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  50  cents;  Lowell,  Mass.,  25  cents;  Louisville,  Ky.,  40 
cents;  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  50  cents;  MinneajDolis,  Minn.,  50  cents;  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  40  cents;  New  Orleans,  La.,  60  cents;  New  Haven,  Conn.,  25  cents; 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  40  cents;  Omaha,  Neb.,  50  cents;  Providence,  R.  I.,  25 
cents;  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  25  cents;  Reading,  Pa.,  25  cents;  Richmond,  Va., 
35  cents;  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  25  cents;  Scranton,  Pa.,  25  cents;  Syracuse,  N. 
Y.,  25  cents;  Saint  Paul,  Minn.,  50  cents;  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  50  cents;  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  $1.00;  Toledo,  O.,  40  cents;  Troy,  N.  Y.,  25  cents;  Trenton, 
N.   J.,   25   cents;  Worcester,  Mass.,  25  cents;  Washington,  D.  C,  25  cents; 


MEANS   OF  COMMUNICATION.  215 

Wilmington,  Del.,  25  cents,  and  the  cities  of  Middle  and  Eastern  Canadaj 
50  cents. 

Night  Messages  forwarded  during  hours  when  business  is  slack  on  the 
great  trunk  lines  are  charged  at  half  the  regular  rate,  but  25  cents  is  the 
minimum  sum  received  in  payment  for  any  message.  Telegrams  are  de- 
livered and  answers  received  by  messengers  within  the  city  limits  free  of 
charge  on  week  days  between  7:30  A.  M.  and  9  P.  M.,  except  above 
175th  St.,  on  West  side,  where  a  charge  of  25  cents  is  made  for  deliver}-. 
Between  9  P.  M.  and  7:30  A.  M.,  and  on  Sunday,  the  following  delivery 
charges  are  made  in  addition  to  the  regular  tolls:  E.  160th  St.  to  E.  170th 
St.,  10c;  E.  170th  St.  to  Fordham,  25c;  W.  i42d  St.  to  W.  150th  St.,  35c; 
W.  150th  St.  to  W.  158th  St.,  40c;  W.  158th  St.  to  W.  167th  St.,  45c;  W. 
167th  St.  to  Ft.  Washington,  55c. 

The  American  District  and  Mutual  District  Telegraph  Companies  are 
local  organizations  operated  in  connection  with  the  Western  Union  system. 

Cable  Telegraph  System. 

Transatlantic  and  South  American  and  West  Indian  Telegraph  Cables 
have  their  main  offices  for  North  America  in  New  York.  The  principal 
European  and  South  American  cables  are  managed  by  the  following 
companies: — American  Telegraph  and  Cable  Co.,  195  Broadway;  Anglo 
American  Telegraph  Co. ,  8  Broad  St.  ;  Commercial  Cable  Co.,  8  and  10 
Broad  St.  ;  Compagnie  Francaise  du  Telegraphe  de  Paris  a  New  York,  34 
Broad  St. ;  The  Direct  U.  S.  Cable  Co. ,  40  Broadway  ;  The  Pedro  Segundo 
American  Telegraph  and  Cable  Co.,  44  Broadway-;  and  the  Central  and 
South  American  Cable  Co. ,  39  Wall  St. 

A  Tariff  of  Rates  agreed  upon  by  all  the  Atlantic  Cable  Companies 
is  in  force.  Messages  may  be  written  in  any  language  using  Roman  letters. 
The  maximum  length  of  a  cablegram  word  is  10  letters.  Should  a  word 
contain  more  than  10  letters,  every  10  or  fraction  thereof  is  counted  as  a 
word,  e.xept  the  names  in  the  address.  Groups  of  figures  are  counted  at 
the  rate  of  3  figures  to  a  word.  Groups  of  letters  having  a  secret  meaning 
can  be  employed  only  in  government  messages.  To  insure  accuracy  a 
message  may  be  repeated  at  an  additional  cost  of  one  quarter  the  ordinary 
rates.  Replies  may  be  prepaid.  Cable  messages  are  delivered  free  within 
the  city  limits.  Cable  rates,  per  word,  to  some  of  the  most  important  cities 
and  countries  are  as  follows  : — Austria,  34  cents  ;  Belgium,  30  cents  ;  Bosnia, 
36  cents;  China,  $1.96;  Cyprus,  64  cents;  Denmark,  35  cents;  Egypt, 
about  60  cents  ;  France,  25  cents  ;  Germany,  25  cents  ;  Gibralter,  43  cents  ; 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  25  cents  ;  Greece,  43  cents ;  Holland,  32  cents  ; 
India,  $1.23;  Italy,  32  cents;  Japan,  $2.21  ;  New  Zealand,  $2.74;  Norway, 
35  cents  ;  Persia,  84  cents  ;   Portugal,  39  cents  ;  Russia,  43  cents  ;   Sardinia 


216  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

and  Sicily,  32  cents  ;  Spain,  40  cents  ;  Sweden,  39  cents  ;  Switzerland,  30 
cents. 

To  South  and  Central  American  Points  : — The  rate,  per  word,  to 
Guatemala  and  other  Central  American  Republics  is  about  $7.00;  Argentine 
Republics,  $1.75  ;  Brazil,  $1.55  ;  Chili,  $2.41 ;  Columbia,  about  $5.00  ,  Peru, 
$2.25  ;  and  Uruguay,  $1.96. 

Cable  messages  are  received  at  any  of  the  local  offices  of  the  Western 
Union  and  Postal  Telegraph  and  Cable  Companies. 

The  Telephone  System. 

The  telephone  service  affords  advantages  of  communication  peculiarly 
its  own.  By  it  the  irksome  delays  of  the  telegraph,  messenger  and  postal 
services  may  often  be  avoided.  Certain  conditions,  however,  limit  its  util- 
ity— the  persons  desiring  to  communicate  with  each  other  or  their  respon- 
sible agents  must  be  simultaneously  at  either  end  of  the  wire,  there  being  no 
convenience  for  the  receipt  and  distribution  of  messages.  In  the  head 
offices  of  the  Metropolitan  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company  is  the  great 
central  "switch"  room  in  which  expert  operators  "make"  and  "break"  con- 
nections for  85,000  messages  daily.  About  9,000  instruments  in  private 
residences  and  public  buildings  are  now  used  in  this  city  alone,  by  which 
are  transmitted  30,000,000  messages  annually.  Telephone  instruments  are 
rented,  not  bought  by  the  patrons  of  the  system.  The  annual  charge,  in- 
cluding service  throughout  New   York   City,  is  from   $150   to  $240. 

New  York's  system  of  telephone  communication  is  conducted  so  unob- 
trusively, and  maintained?  with  so  little  friction,  that  it  is  almost  the  last 
thing  which  a  visitor  to  the  metropolis  would  think  of  investigating.  Most 
people  coming  to  New  York  for  the  first  time  are  astonished  at  the  signs 
displayed  in  all  the  elevated  railroad  cars,  stating  that  five  hundred  thous- 
and passengers  are  carried  daily  by  the  elevated  roads.  If  the  volume  of 
the  telephone  business  of  New  York  were  calculated  in  the  same  way,  it 
would  be  found  that  sixty  million  people  use  the  telephone  in  New  York 
City  every  year.  This  vast  business  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Metropolitan 
Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company,  with  headquarters  at  No.  18  Court- 
landt  street,  where,  in  a  substantial  fire-proof  building,  there  is  a  switch- 
board that  cost  nearly  four  hundred  thousand  dollars.  This  switchboard  is 
the  largest  and  best  equipped  in  the  world.  It  has  accommodations  for  six 
thousand  circuits  or  twelve  thousand  wires,  and  is  used  for  the  down-town 
district  almost  exclusively. 

In  addition  to  the  Cortlandt  street  office,  there  are  similar  buildings  and 
switchboards  at  Spring  and  Thirty-eighth  streets.  There  are  also  important 
central  offices  at  Eighteenth  street,  Seventy-ninth  street,  Columbus  avenue 
and  Harlem.     At  Broad  street,  there  has  been  erected  another   model   fire- 


MEANS  OF   COMMUNICATION.  217 

proof  telephone  building,  which  is  being  provided  with  a  large  switchboard 
to  take  care  of  the  increasing  volume  of  business  down-town.  All  of  the 
subscribers'  lines  centering  at  these  offices  are  conducted  under  ground  al- 
most exclusively,  and  a  comprehensive  system  of  underground  trunk  lines 
connects  the  various  central  offices  together.  Hereafter  anything  like  a 
serious  break-down,  due  to  storms  or  blizzards,  which  have  heretofore  in- 
terrupted communication  in  large  cities,  cannot  occur  in  New  York. 

The  equipment  of  subscribers'  stations  is  of  the  highest  class  known  to 
the  telephone  art;  and  it  is  possible  to  talk  with  entire  satisfaction  from 
metallic  circuit  subscribers'  stations  to  any  point  reached  by  the  long  dis- 
tance wires,  including  Chicago  and  all  intermediate  points  in  the  West; 
Baltimore  and  Washington  at  the  South;  and  Boston  and  Portland  in  the 
East. 

The  present  highly  creditable  condition  of  the  New  York  telephone 
service  has  not  been  accomplished  without  an  immense  outlay  of  money 
and  years  of  labor  by  a  large  technical  staff  which  has  been  concentrated 
upon  the  work  for  a  long  time.  To  properly  appreciate  the  magnitude  of 
what  has  been  done,  it  should  be  understood  that  the  telephone  system  of 
New  York,  like  that  of  all  other  large  cities,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad, 
was  constructed  on  the  grounded  circuit  plan;  that  is,  but  one  wire  was  em- 
ployed to  connect  with  each  subscriber,  the  earth  being  used  as  a  return,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  telegraph,  which  was  the  model  followed  by  the  early  tele- 
phonists. Ten  years  of  hard  experience,  however,  demonstrated  that  satis- 
factory telephone  business  could  not  be  accomplished  over  one  wire;  and 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  Metropolitan  Company  had  already  in  ex- 
istence a  plant  of  switchboards  and  underground  wires  which  cost  well  up 
into  the  millions,  it  all  had  to  be  abandoned  to  make  way  for  the  new  class 
of  service ;  so  that  not  a  foot  of  wire  or  section  of  switchboard  which  was  in 
use  six  years  ago  is  now  in  service  at  New  York,  all  the  cables  being  with- 
drawn from  the  ducts  and  the  %witchboards  dismantled  and  sold  for  old 
junk.  Such  a  technical  revolution  as  this  has  no  parallel  in  any  other  in- 
dustry. As  a  result,  New  York  leads  in  the  character  of  its  telephone  ser- 
vice, as  well  as  in  so  many  other  things.  A  fair  idea  of  the  multitude  of 
details,  and  practical  difficulties  of  operation,  entering  into  the  metropoli- 
tan telephone  system  can  be  had  by  an  inspection  of  the  plant  at  Cort- 
landt  street, to  which  all  subscribers,  as  well  as  visitors  to  New  York,  are 
admitted  upon  application  at  the  general  manager's  office  in   the  building. 

The  telephone  business  is  unique  in  the  commercial  world,  as  being 
the  only  one  which  can  be  done  cheaper  on  a  small  scale  than  in  a  whole- 
sale way.  The  reason  for  this  paradox  cannot  be  stated  in  a  few  words; 
but  it  is  due  principally  to  the  fact  that,  while  the  income  from  subscribers 
bears  a  direct  ratio  to  their  number,  yet  the  cost  of  apparatus  and  the  plant 


218  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

required  to  provide  the  necessary  facilities  for  inter-communication  in- 
creases at  a  much  greater  rate.  While  the  actual  sum  of  money  paid  for 
the  use  of  a  telephone  in  New  York  is  somewhat  higher  than  in  small  cities, 
yet  when  the  quality  of  service  and  the  number  of  miles  of  wire  over  which 
the  subscriber  talks  are  considered,  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  the  New 
Yorker  has  the  cheapest  and  the  best  telephone  service  in  the  world. 

The  Metropolitan  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company  has  about  900 
employes,  400  of  whom  are  girls  (who  operate  the  switchboards  at  the  var- 
ious offices).  This  company  was  the  first  to  comply  with  the  Underground 
Law,  and  as  a  result  there  are  nearly  500  cables  under  ground,  containing 
nearly  40,000  miles  of  wire.  In  addition  to  the  underground  system,  there 
are  a  large  number  of  cables  connecting  with  Brooklyn  a  nd  other  Long  Is- 
land points,  by  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  Under  the  North  River  and  the 
Harlem  River  there  is  a  complete  system  of  submarine  cables  connecting 
the  city  with  the  North  and  West. 

Altogether  the  problem  of  telephoning  in  New  York  has  been  solved  in 
a  manner  whose  success  is  reflected  in  the  satisfaction  expressed  by  a  great 
majority  of  the  subscribers  of  the  company. 

A  comparatively  new  feature  of  the  business  in  New  York  is  the  in- 
creasing number  of  public  pay  stations  distributed  over  the  city,  so  that  resi- 
dents who  do  not  have  the  telephone  in  the  houses  have  but  to  walk  a 
short  distance  to  places  where,  at  a  moderate  charge,  they  may  telephone 
to  their  friends  in  any  quarter  of  the  island  or  to  any  point  reached  by  tele- 
phone. 

Public  pay  stations,  indicated  by  the  sign  of  the  blue  bell,  and  equipped 
with  long  distance  instruments  and  cabinet  sound-proof  booths,  are  at  the 
following  places  : — 

Telephone  Building,  18  Cortlandt  Street;  Aldrich  Court  Building;  Col- 
umbia Building;  Central  Building;  Cotton  Exchange;  Coffee  Exchange; 
County  Court  House;  Equitable  Building;  fining  Exchange;  Mutual  Life 
Building;  Maritime  Exchange;  Produce  Exchange;  Stock  Exchange;  Times 
Building;  Washington  Building;  10  Wall  St.  (Broadway);  32  Fulton  St. 
(Water  St.);  2  and  4  Centre  St.;  407  Broadway  (Lispenard  St.);  304  Canal  St. 
(Mercer  St.);  362  Hudson  St.  (King  St.);  599  Broadway  (Houston  St.);  5  E. 
14th  St.  (5th  Av.);  226  Ninth  Av.  (24th  St.);  543  Third  Av.  (36th  St.);  397 
Fifth  Av.  (36th  St.);  42d  St.  and  Sixth  Av.;  1512  Broadway  (44th  St.);  539 
Fifth  Av.  (45th  St.);  812  Sixth  Av.  (46th  St.);  763  Madison  Av.  (65th  St.); 
1102  2d  Av.  (58th  St.);  987  Madison  Av.  (77th  St.);  1444  Third  Av.  (82d  St.); 
1509  Ninth  Av.  (89th  St.);  96th  St.  and  Columbus  Av.;  11 8th  St.  and  Sev- 
enth Av.;  264  West  125th  St.,  near  Eighth  Av.;  2300  7th  Av.  (135th  St.); 
2536  8th  Av.  (135th  St.);  155th  St.  and  Tenth  Av.  Hotels  :  Astor  House; 
Barrett  House;  Brevoort  House;    Buckingham    Hotel;   Continental   Hotel; 


MEANS   OF  COMMUNICATION.  219 

Delmonico's;  B.  &  O.  Office,  Broadway  and  26th  St.;  Everett  House;  Fifth 
Avenue  Hotel;  Gilsey  House;  Grand  Union  Hotel;  Hoffman  House;  Hol- 
land House;  Hotel  Bartholdi;  Hotel  Brunswick;  Hotel  Kensington,  15th  St. 
and  Fifth  Avenue;  Hotel  Metropole;  Imperial  Hotel;  Metropolitan  Hotel; 
Morton  House;  Sinclair  House;  Smith  &  McNeil's,  199  Washington  St.; 
St.  Dennis  Hotel;  Sturtevant  House;  Victoria  Hotel;  Windsor  Hotel. 
Railway  Depots:  Grand  Central  Depot;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.,  5  Van- 
derbilt  Avenue;  New  York  &  Harlem  Railway,  Incoming  Passenger  Sta- 
tion; Long  Island  R.  R.,  Foot  East  34th  St.;  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  Foot 
Cortlandt  Street  and  Foot  Desbrosses  Street;  Central  R.  R.  of  N.  J.;  Balti- 
more &  Ohio,  R.  R.,  Foot  Liberty  St.;  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  Foot 
Chambers  Street;  Staten  Island  Ferry,  Foot  Whitehall  Street.  The  rate 
for  a  local  message  is  15  cents.  The  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 
Company  supply  long  distance  telephone  service  between  New  York  and 
all  the  chief  cities  in  the  eastern  states,  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey,  and  also  with  Baltimore,  Cleveland  and  Washington,  Sandusky, 
Toledo,  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  Detroit.  The  long  distance  circuit  may 
be  used  from  all  the  pay  stations  and  about  one  third  of  the  instruments  in 
private  offices  in  New  York. 


EDUSATION/cL  INSTITUTIONS. 


Public  Schools  and  Academies — Universities  —  Colleges  of  Medicine, 
Law  and  Divinity  —  Schools  of  Art  and  Music — Libraries — The 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


A  well  elaborated  and  very  comprehensive  Public  School  System  pro- 
vides for  the  education  of  the  youth  of  the  metropolis.  This  system  com- 
prises day,  night  and  industrial  schools,  a  normal  college  for  girls,  a  col- 
lege for  boys,  reformatories,  orphan  asylums,  and  a  nautical  school. 

The  system  is  managed  by  a  board  of  education  of  21  members,  some 
of  whom  are  women,  appointed  by  the  Mayor.  This  board  appoints  five 
trustees  and  three  inspectors  for  each  ward,  who  attend  to  local  details 
such  as  the  appointment  of  teachers,  &c,  the  superintendence  of  larger 
interests  remaining  directly  in  the  hands  of  the  board.  The  offices  are  at  146 
Grand  St. 

About  320,000  pupils  are  enrolled  and  under  the  care  of  4,250  regular 
and  125  special  teachers.  Attendance  is  compulsory  for  children  between 
the  ages  of  8  and  14,  and  to  enforce  this  statute  there  are  12  special  truancy 
agents  who  investigate  20,000  cases  annually.  Incorrigible  truancy  and 
viciousness  is  punished  in  the  reformatory.  The  evening  schools  enroll 
more  than  29,000  pupils,  17,000  of  whom  are  over  16  years  of  age,  and  6,000 
over  21. 

Besides  the  subjects  usually  taught,  there  are  departments  devoted  to 
manual  training  with  an  enrollment  of  20,000  pupils,  to  whom  instruction  is 
given  in  sewing,  cooking,  wood-working,  modelling  in  clay,  mechanical  and 
free  hand  drawing. 

Free  courses  of  lectures  on  physiology,  hygiene,  natural  science,  travel 
(illustrated  with  views),  history,  literature  and  social  science,  are  given  in  the 
school  buildings  in  different  parts  of  the  city  for  the  benefit  of  workingmen  and 
workingwomen,  who  manifest  an  ever  increasing  interest  in  this  educational 
departure.  The  attendance  upon  these  lectures  last  year  aggregated  about 
100,000,  the  halls  always  being  crowded.  The  annual  cost  of  maintaining 
the  educational  system  is  about  $5,000,000.  The  school  buildings  are  of  no 
particular  architectural  style,  though  generally  well  appointed. 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  221 

The  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  at  Lexington  Avenue  and 
23rd  St. ,  is  the  crowning  institution  of  the  Public  Schools  of  the  City.  Any 
youth  residing  in  the  city  or  graduating  from  its  public  schools  is  eligible  for 
admission.  The  curriculum  covers  four  years  and  embraces  courses  in  litera- 
ture, science,  applied  mechanics,  and  a  post  graduate  department  in  engineer- 
ing. The  classes  are  divided  into  academic  and  preparatory.  In  the  former 
about  560  candidates  for  the  degree  of  B.  A.  or  B.  S.  are  enrolled.  The 
total  attendance  is  over  1,100.  The  college  building,  a  large  turreted  brick 
structure,  contains  well  equipped  laboratories,  a  library  of  25,000  volumes 
and  a  museum  of  natural  history.  This  college  is  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  of  which  it  is  a 
branch. 

The  Normal  College  of  the  City  of  New  York  for  the  training  of 
young  women  as  teachers  is  the  counterpart  of  the  college  just  described. 
It  occupies  a  massive  red  brick  building  of  ecclesiastical  gothic  style  of 
architecture,  facing  Park  Avenue  between  69th  and  70th  Sts.  This  build- 
ing is  the  largest  devoted  to  this  use  in  the  country.  Its  main  hall  has  a 
seating  capacity  of  1,600.  The  college  enrolls  nearly  1,400  students  grouped 
in  four  classes  corresponding  to  the  four  academic  years.  The  studies  em- 
brace Latin,  German,  French,  physics,  chemistry,  natural  sciences,  draw- 
ing, music  and  kindergarten  methods.  The  graduates  supply  nearly  all 
the  vacancies  in  the  teaching  staff  of  the  city  schools.  The  theoretical 
work  of  the  college  is  supplemented  by  practical  work  in  the  model  school, 
in  an  adjoining  building.  The  college  contains  an  excellent  library,  a  calis- 
thenium,  30  recitation  rooms,  and  3  large  lecture  rooms,  besides  many  re- 
tiring rooms  and  offices  and  the  grand  hall. 

The  Nautical  School,  a  distinctive  feature  of  the  system  intended  to 
train  boys  in  the  science  and  practice  of  navigation,  is  held  on  board  the  U.  S. 
school  ship  St.  Marys,  which  during  the  six  warmer  months  is  at  sea,  and  for 
the  remainder  of  the  year  lies  at  the  foot  of  E.  31st  St.  Here  everything  that 
pertains  to  theoretical  and  practical  seamanship  is  taught.  The  examina- 
tions are  under  the  control  of  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

In  addition  to  the  institutions  above  mentioned,  which  are  all  free, 
about  18  orphan  asylums  and  juvenile  homes  participate  in  the  school 
fund. 

Besides  the  institutions  included  in  the  public  school  system,  New  York 
abounds  in  colleges,  seminaries,  academies  and  schools,  both  general  and 
special,  embracing  courses  of  study  varying  infinitely  in  comprehensiveness, 
character  and  degree.  In  the  variety  of  its  institutions  of  learning,  New 
York  is  preeminent  among  the  cities  of  the  Western  world,  although  some 
of  her  sister  cities  have  in  several  departments  of  education  achieved  greater 
fame.     That  education  tends  toward  the  practical  has  been  strongly  evi- 


222  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE   TO  NEW  YORK. 

denced  in  recent  years  by  the  establishment  and  ever  increasing  patronage 
of  many  preparatory  and  advanced  technical  schools.  In  the  following 
pages  the  more  prominent  of  such  institutions  are  briefly  described,  but 
within  the  limits  of  this  chapter  it  is  impossible  to  do  even  these  the  justice 
they  deserve  ;  some  can  merely  be  mentioned. 

Private  Schools  which  figure  prominently  among  the  educational  feat- 
ures of  New  York,  are  numerous  and  varied  in  their  character  and  scope. 
The  majority  of  these  schools  are,  of  course,  elementary,  but  there  are  many 
which  rival  in  their  equipment  and  the  efficiency  of  their  teaching  staffs 
some  of  the  smaller  arts  and  science  colleges.  The  more  advanced  schools 
prepare  young  men  and  women  for  the  entrance  examinations  of  the  higher 
institutions  of  learning  in  this  and  neighboring  cities.  Private  schools  de- 
pend for  patronage  on  the  wealthier  families  of  the  community. 

The  Berkeley  School,  among  all  the  private  schools  for  boys,  enjoys  che 
widest  reputation  and  patronage.  It  occupies,  at  20  W.  44th  St.,  one  of 
the  handsomest  buildings  in  that  part  of  the  city.  The  equipment  of  this 
school  is,  beyond  all  doubt, the  best  in  every  department  possessed  by  any 
private  teaching  institution  in  this  State.  The  plan  of  the  school  includes 
military  training,  gymnastic  exercises  and  out-door  sports.  The  pupils 
vary  in  age  between  10  and  20  years,  and  wear  a  school  uniform.  The 
courses  embrace  classical  and  English  branches,  modern  languages,  natural 
philosophy  and  natural  history.  Excellent  laboratories  are  provided  for 
practical  chemical  and  physical  work. 

The  annual  fees  vary  from  $350  for  the  day  preparatory  pupil  to  $1,000 
for  the  advanced  resident  student.     About  300  pupils  are  enrolled. 

Other  private  schools  are  : — Anna  C.  Brackett,  9  W.  39th  St. ;  Annie 
Brown,  713  5th  Ave.;  Audubon  Institute,  233  Lenox  Ave.;  Barnard  School 
for  Boys,  119  W.  125th  St.;  Berlitz  School  of  Languages,  25th  St.  and  Broad- 
way; John.  A.  Brown,  31  W.  55th  St.;  H.  B.  Chapin,  721  Madison  Ave.; 
Collegiate  Institute,  Dr.  J.  Sachs,  38  W.  59th  St.;  Collegiate  School,  D.  S. 
Everson's),  cor.  42d  St.  and  6th  Ave.;  Columbia  Grammar  School,  51st  St., 
near  Madison  Ave. ;  Columbia  Military  Institute,  729  6th  Ave. ;  Dahn's  In- 
stitute, 179  2d  Ave.,  De  La  Salle  Institute,  48  2d  St.;  D.  L.  Dowd,  9  E.  14th 
St.;  Dwight,  1479  Broadway;  Friends'  Seminary,  226  E.  16th  St.;  Hey- 
wood  Institute,  18  W.  93d  St. ;  Kraus,  11  E.  42d  St.;  Lenox  Institute,  334 
Lenox  Ave.;  Madame  Giovannini,  103  E.  61st  St.;  Madame  Mears,  222 
Madison  Ave. ;  Misses  Peebles  and  Thompson  School  for  Young  Ladies,  32 
and  24  E.  57th  St.;  Model  Kindergarten,  7  E.  22d  St.;  Mrs.  Sylvanus Reed, 
6  E.  53d  St. ;  New  York  School  of  Dramatic  Art,  201  W.  52d  St. ;  New  York 
School  of  Languages,  1481  Broadway;  New  York  School  of  Oratory,  116  E. 
17th  St.;  New  York  Trade  Schools,  67th  St.  and  1st  Ave.;  Rev.  C.  K.  Gard- 
ner's School  for  Young  Ladies,  603,  5th  Ave. ;  Rutger's  Female  Institute  for 


EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 


223 


Young  Ladies,  58  W.  55th  St.;  J.  D.  Sachs,  38  W.  59th  St.;  Sacred  Heart 
(brach)  Academy,  17th  St.,  between  5th  and  6th  Avs.;  S.  S.  Packaid,  23d 
St.  and  4th  Ave.  (business  college);  the  Misses  Graham  School  for  Young 
Ladies,  63  5th  Ave.;  West  End  Avenue  School,  Miss  Thompson,  208  West 
End  Ave. 

The  Van  Norman  Institute. 

One  of  the  most  noted  academies  for  young  ladies,  in  this  city,  was 
founded  in  1857  by  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Norman.  It  is  now  conducted 
by  Madame  Van  Norman.  The  buildings  of  the  school,  on  the  corner  of 
West  End  Avenue  and  West  71st 
street  are  exceedingly  handsome, 
comfortable  and- perfectly  adapted 
to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were 
erected.  They  overlook  the  Hud-  M^k^'tit 
son  River,  are  situated  in  the  high- 
est part  of  the  city,  and  are  near  •^rgmfljl Mf^fC! 
Central  Park  and  the  Metropoli-  inPuBlal^^^ 
tan  and  Natural  History  Museums.    ■" 

Mme.  Van  Norman  fully  be- 
lieves in  the  modern  education- 
al ideal.  Graduates  from  her 
school  go  out  into  the 
world  strong  in  mind  and  body,  g^|J^f^,-pr  *. 
healthy,  alert  and  self-pos-  liftoff  V \,d.  |jL) 
sessed,  endowed  with  much  practi- 
cal knowledge  as  well  as  a  refined 
and  gracious  behavior.  The  rooms 
are  kept  perfectly  comfortable  and  it  is  the  pride  of  the  principal  that  no 
pupil  of  the  institute  has  died  or  has  been  seriously  ill  there.  As  to  the 
mental  training  given  it  is  distinguished  by  its  thoroughness.  There  is  no 
superficialness  about  it.  Probably  the  best  way  to  characterize  this  school 
is  to  say  that  it  is  conducted  without  bigotry,  either  religious  or  intellectual, 
and  by  the  entire  absence  of  vitiating  stimuli  to  mental  application — such 
as  prizes,  medals  and  exhibitions.  A  course  of  studies  is  provided  for  pupils 
who  intend  graduating,  but  others  may  select  their  studies. 

There  are  no  ^arge  classes,  and  there  are  many  teachers.  By  this  means 
each  pupil  receives  all  the  personal  attention  necessary  to  develop  her 
character  fully  to  "draw  out"  her  abilities.  Visitors  who  have  daughters 
growing  up  should  visit  this  Institute  and  learn  for  themselves  how  admir- 
able are  its  methods. 


Columbia  College,  recently  erected  into  a  university,  is  by  far  the 
most  important  institution  of  higher  learning  in  New  York  City,  and  rivals 


224  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

any  similar  institution  in  the  country.  Its  buildings  occupy  the  block  be- 
tween Madison  and  Fourth  Avenues,  and  49th  and  50th  Sts.,  and  from  an 
architectural  point  of  view  are  not  particularly  striking,  with  one  exception. 
The  main  entrance  is  in  49th  St.  During  the  present  year  a  new  and 
more  appropriate  site  has  been  purchased  at  the  Boulevard  and  116th 
street. 

The  institution  was  chartered  as  Kings  College  in  1754,  and  its  first 
buildings  were  erected  in  what  is  still  known  as  College  Place.  This  was 
the  home  of  the  college  until  1857,  when  it  was  removed  to  its  present  site. 
In  1784  it  obtained  from  the  Legislature  a  new  charter  and  its  present  name. 
During  the  Revolutionary  period  the  toryism  of  the  college  was  so  objec- 
tionable that  its  sessions  were  practically  suppressed  until  peace  was  per- 
manently established.  Since  then  the  college  has  grown  uninterruptedly 
in  wealth  and  influence.  The  university  embraces  five  colleges  or 
"  schools"  :  Arts,  Mines,  Law,  Political  Science  and  Medicine.  The  teach- 
ing staff  consists  of  197  professors.  There  are  1,650  students  in  the  various 
departments.    The  endowment  of  the  College  is  about  $12,000,000. 

The  School  of  Arts  is  the  oldest  faculty  of  the  college,  and  the  one 
about  which  the  institution  has  grown.  Its  curriculum  covers  four  years 
and  embraces  the  requirements  of  a  thorough  classical  and  literary  education. 
The  annual  tuition  fee  is  $150,  but  no  deserving  applicant  is  rejected  be- 
cause of  inability  to  pay  this  amount.  Candidates  are  examined  for  admis- 
sion in  June  and  September.  The  classrooms  of  the  college  are  in  the  tur- 
reted  brick  building  in  Madison  Avenue,  between  49th  and  50th  Streets. 
Seven  fellowships  of  the  annual  value  of  $500  each,  tenable  for  three  years, 
are  at  the  disposal  of  the  faculty.  There  is  a  post  graduate  department  in 
which  advanced  instruction  is  given  in  many  branches. 

The  School  of  Mines,  at  4th  Avenue  and  50th  Street,  isjustly  the  most 
famous  of  all  the  departments  of  the  college.  As  its  name  indicates,  this 
school  is  one  of  applied  science.  It  gives  a  thorough  practical  training  in 
Civil,  Mining,  Sanitary,  Electrical,  and  Mechanical  Engineering,  Metal- 
lurgy, Chemical  Manipulations  and  Analyses,  Architecture  and  Geology.  To 
complete  any  one  course  an  attendance  of  four  years  is  required.  The  de- 
grees conferred  are  "  Civil  Engineer,"  "  Mining  Engineer,"  "  Metallurgical 
Engineer,"  and  "  Bachelor  of  Philosophy."  A  post  graduate  course  of  two 
years  leads  to  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  The  annual  tuition  fee 
is  $200,  which  may  be  remitted  in  the  case  of  deserving  impecunious 
students. 

The  Law  School,  occupying  the  building  in  E.  49th  Street  in  the  middle 
of  the  campus,  ranks  as  the  first  college  of  law  in  the  United  States.  Its 
faculty  includes  some  of  the  best  legal  minds  of  the  metropolis,  whose  aim 
is  to  make  its  courses  of  the  utmost  practical  efficiency.     The  course  covers 


tfc 


OAKLEY'S 

Sweet  Violets 

TOILET  SOAP. 


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Delightfully   perfumed,   and   guaranteed 
absolutely  pure. 


MADE  BY 


THE  OAKLEY  SOAP  k  PERFUMERY  CO. 


AND  FOR  SALE  BY 

All  Dealers  in  Toilet  Articles  and 

Perfumery. 


EVERY  VISITOR   TO    THE    CITY   SHOULD 

BUY  IT. 


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There  are  several  hundred  towns  in  this 
country  whose  development  is  retarded  by 
lack  of  capital  and  skilled  labor. 

There  are  thousands  of  good  opportunities 
for  investment  going:  a  begging 

There  are  five  cities  which  have  a  surplus  of 
capital  and  skilled  labor,  and  each  has  a  news- 
paper read  by  every  intelligent  capitalist  and 
workman  in  that  city.    Here  they  are: 


New  York,  . 
Boston,  .  . 
Providence, . 
Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh,  . 


The  Sun 
The  Globe. 
The  Journal. 
The  Press. 
The  Despatch. 


An  outlay  of  a  few  hundred  dollars  for 
reading  matter  advertising  will  put  the  con- 
dition of  any  promising  young  town  or  enter- 
prise before  the  readers  of  these  five  papers 
(circulation,  half  a  million;  number  of  read- 
ers, over  two  millions). 

For  more  information  on  this  subject  apply 
to 

R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company, 

211,  212,  213  Temple  Court, 
New  York  City. 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  225 

two  years.  The  annual  fee  is  $150,  but  is  subject  to  remission  under  con- 
ditions similar  to  those  in  the  School  of  Arts. 

The  School  of  Political  Science,  the  youngest  department  of  the 
University,  provides  a  comprehensive  curriculum  in  political  economics  and 
kindred  branches,  and  leads  through  a  three  years'  course  to  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

The  School  of  Medicine,  better  known  as  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  occupies  buildings  in  60th  Street,  between  9th  and  10th 
Avenues.  Its  course  of  study  covers  three  years  and  leads  to  the  degree  of 
M.D.  Much  of  the  instruction  is  given  in  the  halls  of  the  various  hospitals 
to  which  the  classes  have  access.  Practical  training  is  thus  coupled  with 
theoretical.  The  Vanderbilt  family  have  expended  a  million  dollars  in  the 
purchase  of  land  for  the  college  site,  and  in  the  erection  and  equipment  of 
the  Sloane  Maternity,  and  the  free  Vanderbilt  Clinic  Hospitals  and  Dispen- 
saries, all  of  which  institutions,  together  with  Roosevelt  Hospital,  are  affili- 
ated with  the  medical  school. 

The  Barnard  Annex,  or  School  of  Arts  for  Women,  is  the  counterpart 
of  the  School  of  Arts  for  men,  and  holds  its  sessions  at  343  Madison  Avenue, 
near  44th  Street.  This  department  having  been  recently  organized,  the 
number  of  its  students  is  small.  The  annual  fee  for  tuition  is  $150.  There 
are  several  scholarships  of  the  annual  value  of  $150  each. 

The  Library  of  Columbia  College  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  features 
of  the  institution,  on  account  of  its  size  and  general  excellence,  and  the  ac- 
commodation afforded  the  public  for  consulting  its  literary  treasures.  The 
library  building  in  49th  Street  contains  105,000  volumes,  40,000  of  which  are 
in  the  reference  department.  The  library  is  open  from  8.30  A.  M.  to  10 
P.  M.  on  all  days  but  Sundays  and  public  holidays.  Strangers  are  admit- 
ted on  application  to  the  librarian,  by  whom  the  privilege  of  consulting  the 
books  is  courteously  granted. 

The  Athletic  Clubs  of  the  college  have  their  grounds  at  Williams 
Bridge,  where  20  acres  of  land  has  recently  been  acquired  for  the  purpose. 

The  University  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

After  Columbia  College,  this  is  the  most  important  educational  institu- 
tion in  New  York.  Its  instructors  number  98  and  its  students  1,300.  It 
comprises  the  following  departments:  Arts  and  Science,  Engineering  and 
Chemistry,  Pedagogy,  Medicine,  and  Law.  The  halls  of  the  first  four 
departments  are  in  the  gray  stone  castellated  building,  at  the  N.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  Washington  Square.  The  curriculum  of  the  Arts  and  Science  De- 
partment, extending  over  four  years,  permits  the  students  to  elect  between 
a  purely  classical  and  literary  course,  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts,  and  a  scientific  course,  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 


226  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

In  attendance  upon  this  faculty  are  about  250  students,  drawn  chiefly  from 
this  and  neighboring  cities.  The  school  of  Engineering  and  Chemistry  is 
conducted  by  the  faculty  of  Arts,  and  is  well  equipped  with  laboratories 
and  mechanical  and  engineering  apparatus. 

The  School  of  Pedagogy,  a  recent  departure  of  the  University  and 
the  only  faculty  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States,  is  rapidly  attracting  wide- 
spread patronage  and  a  reputation  for  efficient  work.  Its  object  is  to  af- 
ford teachers  an  opportunity  for  a  systematic  training  in  the  science  and 
art  of  pedagogy.  That  this  aim  has  been  satisfactorily  attained  is  attested 
by  the  increasing  enrollment  of  students  and  influence  of  the  school.  An 
endowment  fund  for  this  special  work  has  been  provided  by  Mr.  Geo.  W. 
Vanderbilt  and  others.  The  curriculum  is  exceedingly  comprehensive  and 
the  elective  principle  of  studies  is  so  well  applied  that  the  best  possible  re- 
sults are  secured.  The  students  numbered  last  year  259,  belonging  to  many 
states  of  the  Union. 

The  Faculty  of  Medicine,  more  popularly  designated  the  University 
Medical  College,  is  the  most  widely  known  of  all  the  departments  of  the 
University.  Its  students  number  550.  The  home  of  the  school  is  a  large 
building  near  the  foot  of  East  26th  St.,  opposite  Bellevue  Hospital,  to  which 
institution  the  students  have  access  for  practical  clinical  work.  The  facul- 
ty embraces  such  well  known  physicians  as  Valentine  Mott,  Alfred  L. 
Loomis,  John  W.  Draper,  and  John  Stedman  Bull.  The  annual  fee  is  $150, 
and  the  course  for  the  degree  of  M.  D.  covers  three  years.  The  school  is 
allopathic  in  its  medical  principles. 

The  Faculty  of  Law  is  well  equipped  and  well  patronized.  The 
students  number  about  250.  Its  sessions  are  held  in  the  University  Build- 
ing, Washington  Square. 

Other  Colleges  and  Schools. 

Rutgers  Female  College,  58  West  55th  St.,  a  branch  of  Rutgers 
College  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  is  the  leading  institution  of  the  city  for  the 
higher  education  of  women.  The  course  covers  four  years  and  leads  to  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  The  annual  tuition  fee  is  $150;  with  board,  $400.  The  in- 
stitution is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church 
authorities. 

St.  Francis  Xavier  College,  under  the  care  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  is 
the  chief  Roman  Catholic  Educational  institution  in  New  York.  Its  build- 
ings are  in  15th  St.,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  Aves.  The  main  entrance  to 
the  college  is  in  15th  St.,  but  the  building  in  1 6th  St.,  contiguous  to  St. 
Francis  Xavier  Church,  erected  in  1877,  contains  the  principal  class  and 
lecture  rooms.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  modern  classical  archi- 
tecture in  the  city.  The  college  courses  are  classical  and  literary.  The 
students  number  about  500,  and  are  drawn  chiefly  from  New  York,  Brook- 


EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS.  227 

lyn  and  Jersey  City.  The  tuition  fee  is  $62  a  year,  and  from  this  source 
alone  the  tunds  of  the  institution  are  derived.  The  library  contains  about 
25,000  volumes,  5,000  of  which  are  in  a  free  circulating  department  for  the 
special  use  of  the  students. 

St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  like  the  last  named  institution,  is  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers.  There  are  four  departments,  Col- 
legiate, Academic,  Scientific  and  Commercial.  The  great  majority  of  the 
students,  who  number  about  200,  reside  in  the  college.  The  annual  charge 
for  board  and  tuition  is  $300. 

Manhattan  College,  at  the  Boulevard  and  131st  St.,  is  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic classical  and  scientific  school,  under  the  management  of  the  Christian 
Brothers.  Its  library  of  17,000  volumes  and  its  large  and  well  equipped 
museum  and  laboratory  contribute  much  to  the  efficiency  of  the  institution. 

De  La  Salle  Institute,  106  W.  59th  St.,  in  charge  of  the  Christian 
Brothers,  is  a  Literary,  Classical  and  Scientific  School  of  high  standing  for 
boys.  Another  institution  of  a  somewhat  similar  nature  is  La  Salle 
Academy  at  44  Second  St. 

St.  Louis  R.  C.  College  is  situated  at  15  West  43d  St. 

The  Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  the  foremost  Roman  Catholic 
school  for  girls  in  the  city,  is  on  the  grounds  of  the  Convent  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  West  128th  St.,  near  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  The  Academy  has  branches 
at  49  W.  17th  St.  and  533  Madison  Ave. 

Mt.  St.  Vincent  Academy,  near  Riverdale,  and  the  Academy  of  the 
Holy  Cross  are  other  well  known  Roman  Catholic  schools  for  girls. 

The  Hebrew  Technical  Institute,  36  Stuyvesant  St.,  is  especially  de- 
voted to  the  training  of  Hebrew  boys  in  the  mechanical  arts.  Splendidly 
equipped  workshops  and  skilled  teachers  are  provided.  A  visit  to  this 
institution,  when  it  is  in  session,  will  always  repay  the  stranger.  The 
average  age  of  the  boys  is  about  12  years. 

The  Hebrew  Institute,  at  East  Broadway  and  Jefferson  St.,  is  devoted 
to  the  cause  of  education  among  the  Hebrews  of  the  East  side.  The  build- 
ing was  erected  with  the  proceeds  of  a  Hebrew  Fair,  held  in  1889,  and  con- 
tains a  large  lecture  hall,  library  and  reading  room,  cooking  school,  work- 
shop, gymnasium,  and  many  classrooms.  There  is  a  summer  garden  on 
the  roof. 

The  New  York  Institution  for  the  Blind,  412  Ninth  Ave.,  near  34th 
St.,  provides  education  for  blind  children.  The  building  is  a  good  example 
of  gothic  architecture  of  the  Elizabethan  type.  This  institution  owes  its 
origin  to  the  philanthropic  efforts  of  Dr.  Samuel  Akerly  and  Samuel  Wood. 

Law  Schools. 

Besides  the  law  schools  above  mentioned  there  are  two  others  of  im- 
portance in  the  city.     The  New  York  Law  School  occupies  a  handsome 


228  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

suite  of  rooms  in  the  Equitable  Building,  and  enjoys  the  advantage  of  being 
in  the  midst  of  lawyers,  thus  enabling  students  already  doing  practical 
office  work  to  attend  its  lectures  without  unnecessary  loss  of  time. 

The  Metropolis  Law  School,  a  faculty  of  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  founded  in  1891,  is  domiciled  in  Clinton  Hall,  Astor  Place — a 
location  convenient  to  the  great  libraries.  The  school  holds  its  regular 
sessions  in  the  evening,  an  arrangement  of  obvious  advantage  to  many  stu- 
dents otherwise  employed  during  the  day.  There  is  a  good  law  library  in 
connection  with  the  school.  The  annual  fees  for  tuition  are  $75.  The 
course  extends  over  three  years  and  embraces  the  usual  legal  instruction. 
There  are  several  cash  prizes  of  from  $50  to  $75  in  value.  Before  receiving 
degrees,  students  must  have  been  graduated  from  some  art  college  or  uni- 
versity.    Over  100  students  are  enrolled. 

Medical  Colleges. 

Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  is  one  of  the  largest  three  med- 
ical schools  in  the  city,  the  others  being  the  University  Medical  College 
and  the  Columbia  Medical  School  described  above.  Its  class  rooms  are  in 
the  buildings  of  the  Bellevue  Hospital,  entrance  near  the  ft.  of  East  26th  St. 
The  attainment  of  the  degree  of  M.  D.  by  a  student  of  this  college,  requires 
his  attendance  upon  two  full  courses  of  medical  instruction  and  an  additional 
course  in  practical  anatomy.  The  annual  fee  for  tuition  is  $140.  About 
500  students  are  enrolled.  In  1888  Mr.  D.  O.  Mills  founded  in  connection 
with  the  college  a  training  school  for  male  nurses.  Its  curriculum  extends 
over  two  years.  A  training  school  for  female  nurses  is  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Bellevue  Hospital.  Practical  training  is  afforded  the  students 
of  these  two  schools  in  the  wards  of  the  hospital.  The  Medical  College  was 
organized  by  the  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Correction  in  1861. 

Other  well  known  medical  schools  are  the  following:  The  New  York 
Post  Graduate  Medical  School  and  Hospital,  226  E.  20th  St. ;  New  York 
College  of  Dentistry,  205  East  23rd  St. ;  New  York  College  of  Veterinary 
Surgery,  332  East  27th  St. ;  New  York  College  of  Magnetics,  4  West  14th 
St. ;  New  York  College  of  Massage,  247  W.  49th  St. ;  New  York  Homeopath- 
ic Medical  College  and  Hospital;  New  York  Medical  College  and  Hospital 
for  Women,  213  W.  54th  St.;  New  York  Polyclinic,  214  E.  34th  St.;  Women's 
Medical  College  of  the  New  York  Infirmary,  221  E.  15th  St.;  College  of 
Midwifery,  247  W.  49th  St. 

The  College  ©f  Pharmacy,  founded  in  1829,  occupies  a  somewhat  ec- 
clesiastical looking  structure  at  209-213  E.  23d  St.,  and  is  the  chiei  institu- 
tion of  its  kind  in  this  state  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country.  Its  fac- 
ulty embraces  some  of  the  most  distinguished  chemists  and  physicists  in 
the  city.     The  college  building  contains  extensive  laboratories  and  lecture 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  229 

rooms  as  well  as  an  excellent  pharmaceutical  library  and  museum.  The  best 
facilities  are  afforded  by  this  institution  for  thorough  education  in  the 
science  of  pharmacy.  The  course  of  study,  which  extends  over  two  years, 
embraces  general  chemistry,  botany,  materia  medica,  theoretical  and  prac- 
tical pharmacy,  pharmacognosy  and  physics,  together  with  thorough  labora- 
tory work  in  all  departments.  The  college  opens  about  the  last  of  Septem- 
ber and  closes  on  the  30th  of  June.  The  annual  tuition  fee  is  $75.  There  are 
annually  about  400  students  in  attendance.  The  lecture  courses  are  so  ar- 
ranged as  to  afford  students  who  desire  it  an  opportunity  to  gain  lucrative 
employment  as  druggists'  assistants,  thereby  enabling  many  to  pursue 
studies  from  which  their  lack  of  means  might  otherwise  debar  them. 

Theological  Schools. 

Union  Theological  Seminary,  which  occupies  extensive  and  imposing 
buildings  in  Park  Ave. ,  from  69th  to  70th  Sts. ,  is  the  most  important  theolog- 
ical school  in  the  city.  Although  governed  by  a  Board  of  Presbyterian 
clergymen  and  laymen,  the  seminary  admits  students  from  all  Christian  de- 
nominations, upon  presentation  of  certificates  of  good  standing  as  church 
members  and  proof  of  sufficient  scholarship.  The  latter  requirement  is 
satisfied  by  a  college  diploma  or  by  an  examination  in  the  subjects  gener- 
ally required  for  such.  The  institution  has  a  partial  affiliation  with  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New  York.  Tuition  is  free.  Three  lectureships  and 
two  fellowships,  the  latter  of  a  value  of  $600  each,  are  open  for  competition 
among  the  students.  The  course  of  study  covers  three  years.  To  the 
visitor  the  most  important  feature  of  the  Seminary  is  the  library,  which  con- 
tains 59,000  bound  volumes,  besides  47,000  pamphlets  and  183  manuscripts. 
The  nucleus  of  this  splendid  library  of  sacred  literature  was  13,000  volumes 
of  the  Leander  Van  Ess  collection,  containing  430  incunabula  ranging  in 
date  from  1469  A.  D.  to  1510,  about  1250  copies  of  original  editions  of 
works  on  the  Reformation,  37  Manuscripts,  over  4,000  works  on  church  his- 
tory, patristics  and  Canon  Law,  and  about  200  editions  of  the  Vulgate  and 
of  German  Bibles. 

The  General  Theological  Seminary,  housed  in  spacious  and  appro- 
priate buildings  in  Chelsea  Square,  is  the  chief  theological  school  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  United  States.  It  is  governed  by  a 
Board  of  Trustees  of  about  100  Bishops,  Clergymen  and  Laymen.  The 
course  of  study  extends  over  three  years.  Tuition  is  free.  The  library 
contains  21,000  volumes  of  Ecclesiastical  literature. 

The  Jewish  Theological  Seminary  occupies  rooms  in  Cooper  Union. 
Art  Schools. 

New  York  is  more  noted  for  its  Art  Exhibitions  than  for  its  Art  Schools, 
although  of  the  latter  it  has  several  of  excellent  standing  enjoying  a  wide 


230  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

reputation.  Preparatory  artistic  studies  are  included  in  the  curriculum  of 
most  of  the  advanced  schools.  Private  instruction  is  given  by  many  dis- 
tinguished artists  in  their  studios,  and  teachers  of  special  branches  abound 
throughout  the  city. 

The  Art  Students'  League,  founded  in  June,  1875,  incorporated  two 
years  later,  is  the  most  famous  of  New  York's  Art  Schools.  It  has  recently 
moved  from  143  East  23rd  St.  to  spacious  quarters  in  the  building  of  the 
Fine-Arts  Society  at  215  West  57th  St.,  where  its  neighbors  are  the  Archi- 
tectural League  and  the  Society  of  American  Artists.  Although  a  school 
in  its  practical  working,  this  institution  is,  as  its  name  indicates,  a  League, 
whose  membership  is  confined  to  professional  and  amateur  artists  of  both 
sexes  who  have  chosen  art  as  their  calling.  The  courses  are  intended  to 
provide  thorough  academic  instruction  in  Drawing,  Painting,  Composition, 
Perspective,  Artistic  Anatomy  and  the  Antique.  Drawings  from  life  are 
made  from  male  and  female  nude  figures,  the  classes  for  men  and  women 
in  this  course  alone  being  separate.  The  number  of  students  last  year  ex- 
ceeded 1,100.  The  fees  vary  from  $10  a  school  year  for  the  sketch  class  to 
$120  for  the  portrait  class.  In  addition  there  is  a  membership  fee  of  $5. 
Students  who  have  worked  in  the  life  classes  for  three  months  may  be 
elected  members  of  the  League  if  recommended  by  the  Board  of  Control. 

The  Art  Schools  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Central  Park, 
provide  advanced  instruction  in  mechanical  and  free  hand  drawing,  archi- 
tecture, ornamental  designs,  illustration,  sculpture,  &c.  Classes  are  held  in 
the  mornings  and  evenings  of  three  days  in  the  week  from  October  to  May. 
The  fee  for  tuition  is  from  $5.00  to  $10.00  for  each  course.  About  240 
pupils  a-e  in  attendance. 

Besides  these,  there  is  an  art  school  in  connection  with  the  National 
Academy  of  Design,  possessing  excellent  facilities  for  work  in  all  artistic 
departments,  and  ranking  equally  high  with  the  last. 

The  free  art  schools  of  the  Cooper  Institute  are  perhaps  the  most  dis- 
tinctive of  their  kind  in  the  country.  With  their  associated  industrial 
schools  they  fill  a  unique  place  in  the  educational  life  of  the  city.  The 
branches  taught  include  all  kinds  of  still  life,  mechanical  drawing,  and 
modelling  in  clay.  The  classes  for  women  are  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  1  P. 
M. ,  and  the  attendance  last  year  was  364.  The  night  classes  for  men  have  an 
enrollment  of  over  1,900. 

The  New  York  Institute  for  Artist  Artisans,  140  &  142  West  23rd  St., 
an  institution  peculiarly  distinct  from  the  other  art  schools  of  this  city  or 
country,  was  organized  in  1888  "in  response  to  a  popular  demand  for  a 
more  thorough,  organic,  American  and  practical  art  education,  wh'  h  should 
apply  to  American  artist-artisanship,  unite  skill  and  labor,  and  combine 
taste  and  technique."    The  demand  for  such  a  school  was  stimulated  by 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  231 

the  change  throughout  the  country  from  agricultural  to  manufacturing 
conditions.  The  aims  of  the  founders  have  been  wonderfully  realized,  and 
the  school  enjoys  already  a  wide  patronage.  There  are  about  400  students 
enrolled.  Its  course  extends  over  the  entire  year,  and  embraces,  besides 
lectures  on  art,  classes  in  ornament  (from  perspective),  anatomy,  drawing 
and  shading  from  statues  and  life,  painting  from  still  life  and  life,  sculp- 
ture, architecture,  interior  decoration,  porcelain,  glass  and  enamel  decora- 
tion, metal  work  and  jewelry,  wood  engraving,  and  illustration.  Tuition 
fees  $5.00  a  week,  or  $30  for  four  months  in  each  department.  The  fees 
may  be  commuted  for  work  in  more  than  one  department. 

Other  well  known  Art  Schools  in  the  city  are  :  The  Gotham  Art  Insti- 
tute, 17  Bond  St.;  the  Harlem  Art  Association,  143  E.  125th  St.;  and  the 
Society  of  Decorative  Art  Schools,  37  to  39  W.  22d  St. 

Schools  of  Music. 

The  leading  school  of  music  in  the  city  is  the  National  Conservatory  of 
Music  of  America,  126-128  East  17th  St.,  organized  in  1885.  It  enlists  the 
services  of  53  instructors,  and  has  more  than  400  pupils  enrolled.  The  course 
covers  from  three  to  six  years,  but  varies  with  the  attainments,  apti- 
tude and  diligence  of  the  students.  The  academic  year  extends  from  Oct. 
1st  to  June  14th,  and  the  hours  are  from  9  AM.  to  6  P.M.  and  from  8  P. 
M.  to  10  P.M.  daily.  The  curriculum  embraces  four  courses,  Preparatory, 
Concert  and  Oratorio,  Operatic  and  Amateur,  each  course  being  of  the 
most  comprehensive  character  and  in  keeping  with  the  object  of  the  con- 
servatory, which  is  to  place  the  best  obtainable  musical  education  within 
the  reach  of  all.  Admission  to  the  classes  is  based  upon  sufficient  proof  of 
natural  talent.  The  tuition  fees  are  variable,  depending  largely  upon  the 
character  of  studies  pursued  and  the  musical  standing  of  the  pupils. 

The  New  York  College  of  Music,  at  128  and  130  E.  58th  St.,  was 
founded  in  1878.  This  is  the  only  musical  college  in  the  city  for  which  a 
special  building  has  been  designed  and  erected.  It  contains  a  concert  hall 
with  accommodations  for  an  audience  of  500.  The  course  of  study  is  divided 
into  8  grades  and  embraces  all  branches  of  vocal  and  instrumental  instruc- 
tion as  well  as  a  thorough  study  of  the  classical  masters.  Students  are 
graduated  according  to  their  ability  and  not  according  to  the  number  of 
terms  taken.  Several  medals  and  prizes  are  awarded.  The  fees  range 
from  $15  to  $60  a  term.  The  college  is  open  during  the  entire  year,  and 
students  may  enter  its  classes  at  any  time.  Last  year  685  students  were  in 
attendance.     More  than  a  dozen  concerts  are  given  annually. 

The  Metropolitan  College  of  Music,  19  to  21  East  14th  St. ,  was  found- 
ed in  1886  as  a  vocal  school,  but  its  field  of  work  has  expanded  so  that  now 
it  embraces  all  branches  of  musical  culture.     The  degrees  of  Bachelor  and 


232  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Doctor  of  Music  are  conferred,  but  diplomas  based  upon  the  standing  of 
pupils  are  granted  to  students  who  do  not  take  the  full  course. 

The  Grand  Conservatory  of  Music,  142  W.  23d  St.,  was  founded  In 
1874  and  gives  systematic  instruction  in  all  branches  of  music,  from  the 
first  principles  to  the  highest  artistic  standard.  The  Conservatory  embraces 
12  departments.  There  are  two  gold  medals,  a  free  scholarship  and  several 
prizes  offered  for  competition  among  the  students.  Degrees  of  Bachelor, 
Master  and  Doctor  of  Music  are  conferred.  The  fees  range  from  $5  to  $60 
for  each  course  of  10  weeks.  The  school  opens  early  in  September  and 
closes  in  June. 

The  German  Conservatory  of  Music,  7  W.  42d  St.,  is  the  chief  Ger- 
man musical  school  in  the  city. 

Public  Libraries. 

There  are,  in  this  city,  several  circulating  libraries  of  great  extent 
and  excellence,  and  many  of  large  size  and  great  value  on  account  of  the 
special  collections  they  contain  or  the  wants  they  supply.  As  in  the  case 
of  many  of  the  public  and  benevolent  institutions  in  the  city,  New  York  is 
indebted  to  private  philanthopy  for  the  creation  and  maintenance  of  nearly' 
all  of  her  great  libraries. 

The  Astor  Library  in  Lafayette  Place  is  the  chief  consulting  library 
in  the  city.  It  occupies  a  stately  building  of  brown  stone  and  brick,  Roman- 
esque in  its  style  of  architecture,  and  conspicuous  from  its  extensive  facade. 
The  location  is  quiet  and  congenial,  the  vicinity  being  crowded  with  the 
offices  and  warerooms  of  the  largest  domestic  and  foreign  publishers. 
Within  a  few  hundred  yards  are  to  be  found  the  other  great  metropolitan 
libraries.  The  vestibule  of  this  library  is  tiled  with  marble,  and  embellished 
about  the  walls  with  busts  in  marble  of  some  of  the  most  distinguished  men 
of  classical  history.  Here  all  visitors  are  required  to  give  up  temporarily 
to  the  curator,  in  exchange  for  a  metal  check,  umbrellas,  canes,  and  any 
printed  volumes  they  may  have  in  their  possession.  From  the  vestibule  a 
marble  staircase  leads  through  folding  doors  to  the  centre  library  chamber, 
at  one  end  of  which  is  the  office  of  the  librarian's  clerks  in  attendance,  and 
at  the  other  a  reading  room  for  ladies.  In  the  centre,  surrounding  the 
balustrade  on  three  sides  are  cases  containing  valuable  autograph 
letters,  manuscripts,  and  earliest  editions  of  printed  books,  all  of  which  are 
of  great  interest  to  bibliophiles.  In  this  room  also  are  the  printed  and  card 
catalogues.  The  system  of  cataloguing  is  simple  and  effective.  Books  are 
entered  under  the  name  of  the  subject  treated,  and  the  name  of  the  author. 
Slips  and  pencils  are  furnished,  upon  which  the  applicant  must  write  the 
name  of  the  desired  book  or  books.  The  slip  must  then  be  presented  to  one 
of  the  librarian's  assistants,  who  delivers  it  to  one  of  a  corps  of  boys  whose 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  233 

duty  it  is  to  procure  the  books  and  deliver  them  to  the  applicant.  No  pains 
is  spared  on  the  part  of  the  librarians  to  assist  those  unfamiliar  with  the 
method  of  consulting  the  library  or  desiring  special  help  in  the  selection  of 
books. 

From  either  side  of  the  central  hall,  passageways  lead  to  the  main  read- 
ing rooms,  which  are  spacious,  lofty,  well  equipped  and  splendidly  lighted 
from  the  roof.  These  reading  rooms  are  surrounded  by  alcoves  and  gal- 
leries, containing  shelves  upon  which  the  books  of  the  library  are  stored. 
The  rear  of  the  ground  floor  adjoining  the  vestibule  is  reserved  for  the 
shelving  of  future  additions  to  the  library,  giving  the  building  a  total  capa- 
city of  over  500,000  volumes.  Admission  to  the  alcoves  is  granted  to  special 
students  only.  As  this  is  a  consulting  and  not  a  circulating  library,  the 
books  are  to  be  used  only  in  the  reading  rooms  annexed  and  then  returned 
to  the  librarian. 

The  library  is  the  gift  of  different  members  of  the  Astor  family,  whose 
endowments,  together  with  accrued  interest,  aggregate  about  $2,000,000.  It 
contains  about  240,000  volumes,  180,000  of  which  were  consulted  last  year 
by  over  62,000  persons.  Its  readers  belong  to  every  class  of  society  and 
every  grade  of  scholarship.  The  library  is  open  to  all  from  9  A.  M.  to  5 
P.  M.  in  the  summer,  to  4.30  P.  M.  in  fall  and  spring,  and  to  4  P.  M.  in  the 
winter  months. 

The  Mercantile  Library  occupies  the  upper  stories  of  the  new  build- 
ing of  the  Clinton  Hall  Association,  an  imposing  seven  story  edifice  of  light 
colored  brick  and  stone,  overlooking  the  open  space  at  the  convergence  of 
Clinton,  Astor  and  Lafayette  Places.  This  is  a  circulating  library,  main- 
tained almost  entirely  by  the  subscription  fees  of  its  members,  which,  how- 
ever, are  so  low  as  to  render  it  practically  a  public  rather  than  a  private 
institution. 

Besides  the  circulating  library  proper  there  are  a  reference  department 
and  a  thoroughly  equipped  reading  room.  The  library  contains  about 
250,000  volumes,  of  which  about  130,000  are  circulated  annually.  There 
are  over  5,000  members  of  the  association.  The  annual  fee  is  $5.00,  except 
in  the  case  of  clerks,  who  pay  an  initiation  fee  of  $1.00,  and  $4.00  annually 
thereafter.  A  proportionate  fee  is  charged  for  the  use  of  the  library  for  six 
months.  The  library  is  open  from  8  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M. ;  the  reading  room 
until  10  P.  M.  This  library  maintains  branches  at  33  Liberty  St.  and  426 
Fifth  Ave.,  corner  38th  St.,  and  a  free  reading  room  in  connection  with 
each. 

The  Apprentices'  Library,  organized  by  the  General  Society  of  Me- 
chanics and  Tradesmen  of  the  city  of  New  York,  is  sheltered  by  an  unpre- 
tentious four  story  building  at  18  East  16th  St.,  and  a  building  in  the  rear. 
It  is  particularly  intended  for  the  use  of  those  employed  in  the  mechanical 


234  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

arts,  although  in  reality  it  is  free  to  all  persons.  The  library  contains  over 
90,000  volumes.  The  number  of  its  readers  is  over  12,000,  among  whom 
about  250,000  books  are  circulated  annually,  besides  about  15,000  volumes 
consulted  in  the  library.  A  striking  comment  on  the  honesty  of  the  free 
users  of  this  library  is  the  fact  that  only  one  book  is  lost  in  every  19,500 
loaned.  A  novel  system  of  triplicate  classification,  which  greatly  facilitates 
reference  and  checking,  is  employed  in  this  library.  It  is  the  invention  of 
the  librarian,  and  consists  of  such  a  use  of  letters  and  figures  as  to  indicate 
the  class  and  sub-class  to  which  the  book  belongs  as  well  as  the  author's 
name. 

The  Library  of  the  Cooper  Institute  has  spacious  quarters  in  the 
building  of  the  same  name  at  the  junction  of  Fourth  Ave.  and  the 
Bowery.  It  contains  about  32,000  volumes,  which  were  used  last  year  by 
nearly  415,000  persons.  On  an  average  each  book  is  consulted  by  thirteen 
individuals,  a  record  in  sharp  contrast  with  that  shown  by  the  more  re- 
stricted Lenox  Library  (described  below),  where  there  are  70  books  on  the 
shelves  for  each  reader  having  access  to  them  ;  in  other  words,  it  is 
900  times  less  useful  than  its  freer  rival.  One  of  the  best  equipped  reading 
rooms  in  the  city  is  attached  to  the  Cooper  Union  Library.  There  is  not  a 
periodical  of  value  which  it  has  not  on  file.  In  January,  when  it  is  most 
consulted,  2,500  people  use  it  daily.  One  of  the  fullest  collections  of  Patent 
Office  reports  extant  is  to  be  found  on  the  shelves  of  this  library. 

The  New  York  Society  Library's  home  is  a  modest  brown  stone 
building  in  University  Place  between  12th  and  13th  Sts.  It  is  one  of  the 
largest  private  circulating  libraries  in  the  city,  containing  about  70,000 
volumes.  It  was  organized  in  1754,  and  is  owned  by  a  stock  company  and 
governed  by  a  board  of  trustees,  elected  by  the  shareholders.  The  price  of 
shares,  with  annual  dues  commuted,  is  $150.  Others  than  shareholders  are 
permitted  to  use  the  library  and  the  reading  room  upon  the  payment  of  an 
annual  fee  of  $15.  The  library  is  open  from  8  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.  and  the 
reading  room  until  10  P.  M. 

The  Lenox  Library  in  Fifth  Ave.,  from  70th  to  71st  St.,  is  a  monu- 
mental expression  of  the  philanthropy  of  the  late  James  Lenox,  one  of  New 
York's  most  wealthy  citizens.  The  building  is  a  massive  structure  of  light 
gray  Lockport  limestone,  occupying  the  entire  frontage  of  the  block  on 
Fifth  Ave. ,  and  comprises  a  central  hall  with  a  facade  92  feet  long,  over- 
looking a  court  yard  in  front  and  flanked  by  two  wings,  each  extending 
back  114  feet  on  the  side  streets.  The  building  is  approached  through  iron 
gates  which  pierce  a  massive  wall  enclosing  the  court.  In  architectural 
style  the  edifice  is  indicative  of  the  object  to  which  it  is  devoted.  The 
vestibule,  extending  the  full  length  of  the  central  building,  opens  at  its 
southern  end  into  the  library  and  at  its  northern  end  into  the  museum 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  235 

where  are  arranged  in  cases  autograph  letters  and  manuscripts,  and  manu- 
script and  printed  books  of  the  rarest  character  and  of  the  greatest  interest. 
Ample  stone  stairways  lead  to  the  upper  halls  containing  the  main  picture 
galleries.  The  library,  which  is  devoted  more  especially  to  the  collection 
and  preservation  of  rare  manuscripts  and  works  on  history  rather  than  to 
the  accumulation  of  general  literature,  at  present  contains  about  70,000 
volumes  and  is  consulted  annually  by  more  than  1,000  people,  a  number 
which  would  be  indefinitely  increased  were  it  not  for  the  absence  of  cata- 
logues suitable  to  facilitate  reference,  a  want  which  almost  seals  the  in- 
valuable burden  of  these  shelves  for  many  whose  time  for  research  is 
limited.  The  aim  of  the  library  is  well  stated  in  the  words  of  the  trustees, 
who,  in  their  last  annual  report,  "  hope  at  no  distant  day  to  make  it  entirely 
unnecessary  for  the  American  scholar  to  go  abroad  for  materials  of  Ameri- 
can history,  or  the  apparatus  necessary  for  the  thorough  historical  study  of 
the  English  Bible."  Admission  is  free  to  all  between  10  A.  M.  and  5  P.  M. 
on  all  days  of  the  year  excepting  Sundays. 

Mr.  Lenox  expended  $1,000,000  upon  the  site  and  building,  and  in  ad- 
dition endowed  the  institution  with  $250,000.  The  late  Mrs.  R.  L.  Stewart 
bequeathed  $300,000  for  the  erection  of  an  annex  in  70th  St. ,  to  contain  her 
superb  collection  of  paintings,  which  she  gave  to  the  Art  Galleries  of  the 
library. 

The  New  York  Free  Circulating  Library,  49  Bond  St.,  contains 
about  59,000  books,  and  circulated  last  year  412,000  volumes,  losing  one  vol- 
ume in  every  37,000  loaned,  or  11  volumes  in  all.  Considering  that  this 
library  is  used  by  the  poorer  classes  of  the  city,  this  fact  is  highly  compli- 
mentary to  their  honesty,  and  to  the  esteem  in  which  they  hold  the  library. 
Branches  are  maintained  at  135  Second  Ave.,  226  West  42d  St. ,  and  251 
West  13th  St. 

The  Aguilar  Free  Circulating  Library,  206  East  Broadway,  with 
branches  at  721  Lexington  Ave.  and  624  East  5th  St.,  circulates  150,000 
volumes  a  year,  and  is  free  to  all  residents  of  the  city  over  10  years  of  age. 
Open  generally  from  9  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M. 

The  Library  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  in  the  Asso- 
ciation Building  at  23d  St.  and  4th  Ave.,  contains  about  40,000  volumes  and 
is  consulted  annually  by  53,000  young  men.  This  is  a  circulating  library  for 
the  members  of  the  Association  alone,  and  a  free  consulting  library  for  all 
young  men.  There  is  a  large  reading  room  which  has  on  file  562  periodi- 
cals, some  of  which  are  published  in  Japan,  the  Sandwich  Islands,  Australia, 
South  Africa  and  Chili.     This  room  is  visited  by  154,000  readers  every  year. 

The  Library  of  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  in  the 
handsome  building  of  the  Association  at  17  East  15th  St.,  contains  over  18,- 
000  books.     This  library  is  free  to  all  self-supporting  girls  and  women  living 


236  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

in  this  city  or  vicinity,  and  with  the  reading  room  is  open  from  9  A.  M.  to 
9:15  P.  M. 

The  chief  Medical  Libraries  in  this  city  are  the  Medical  Library 
of  the  New  York  Hospital,  containing  about  25,000  volumes,  in 
a  brown  stone  building  at  6  West  16th  St.  This  library  is  open  from  10  A. 
M.  to  5.  P.  M.  daily  and  may  be  consulted  freely  by  any  physicians  or  other 
persons  interested  in  medical  literature.  Other  important  medical  libraries 
are  :  The  Library  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  12  West  31st  St., 
open  daily  from  10  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.,  and  the  Libraries  of  Columbia  College 
Medical  School,  and  the  Medical  School  of  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York. 

The  principal  Law  Libraries  in  this  city  are  those  of  the  Bar  Associa- 
tion, 7  West  29th  St.,  open  from  8  A.  M.  to  12  P.  M.;  the  Law  Institute, 
116  Post  Office  Building,  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M. ;  the  Law  Library 
of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Association,  120  Broadway,  open  daily, 
except  Sundays  and  holidays,  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  and  the  Law 
Libraries  of  Columbia  College,  and  the  University  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  described  above. 

Besides  the  libraries  above  enumerated  there  are  many  valuable  col- 
lections of  books  in  the  public  institutions  of  the  city,  such  as  that  of  the 
New  York  Historical  Society,  at  2d  Ave.  and  nth  St.,  containing  75,000 
volumes  chiefly  relating  to  American  History  ;  the  Library  of  the  American 
Institute,  19  Astor  Place  ;  the  City  Library,  City  Hall ;  the  Free  Circula- 
ting Library  for  the  Blind,  296  Ninth  Ave. ;  the  Library  of  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  West  Central  Park,  corner  77th  St.,  contain- 
ing about  20,000  books  and  pamphlets  ;  The  Maimonides  Library  of  the 
order  B'Nai  B'Rith,  953  Third  Ave.,  containing  40,000  volumes,  consulted 
by  5,400  registered  readers  ;  the  Harlem  Library,  Third  Ave.  near  121st 
St.;  the  Masonic  Library,  6th  Ave.,  corner  23d  St.;  the  Library  of  the  New 
York  Produce  Exchange  ;  and  the  great  Theological  Libraries  of  the  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  Park  Ave.  and  70th  St.,  and  the  General  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  Chelsea  Square. 

The  Tilden  Trust  Library  about  to  be  erected  and  endowed  by  a 
grand  niece  of  the  late  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  by  whom  it  was  originally  conceived, 
will  be  the  greatest  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  There  are  twenty 
or  thirty  smaller  libraries  in  the  city  besides  those  above  noted. 

Museum  of  Natural  History. 

The  Museum  of  Natural  History  is  (1)  a  Board  of  twenty-one  Trustees 
gentlemen  of  position  in  their  private  capacity;  (2)  a  large  building,  part 
Gothic,  part  Romanesque,  standing  on  a  western  extension  of  Central 
Park,  formerly  called  Manhattan  Square,  and  (3)  a  number  of  excellent  col- 


EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS.  23- 

lections.  The  Trustees  control,  but  look  to  the  city  treasury  for  the  cost  of 
buildings  and  a  part  of  the  running  expenses,  the  city  having  been  author- 
ized by  the  State  to  issue  bonds  to  that  end.  For  the  building  itself,  see 
chapter  on  architecture.  The  purpose  of  the  Museum  is  broad,  since  no  less 
than  a  university  post-graduate  course  in  natural  science  is  aimed  at.  But 
at  the  same  time  the  public  is  not  forgotten.  If  there  are  weekly  lectures 
for  teachers  and  advanced  pupils  by  Prof.  Albert  S.  Bickmore  and  others, 
the  public  also  is  welcomed  to  popular  lectures  with  the  stereopticon  given 
in  the  lecture  room  (which  seats  i,coo  persons)  on  the  afternoons  of  holi- 
days. Special  accommodations  are  offered  to  serious  students  in  access  to 
the  library  and  collections;  but  the  public  is  admitted  free  during  ordinary 
working  hours,  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  with  the  exception  of  Sunday  mornings 
and  the  whole  of  Monday.  On  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  the  Museum 
remains  open  till  10  P.  M.;  on  Sunday  afternoons  it  is  open  from  1  to  5:30 
P.  M. 

The  expenses  of  the  Museum  are  aided  by  the  system  which  makes  the 
donor  of  $1,000  a  patron;  of  $500  a  fellow;  of  $100  a  life  member,  and  of 
$10  a  member  for  one  year.  About  800  members  subscribe  for  the  year. 
The  Museum  is  a  branch  of  the  higher  education  of  New  York,  and 
is  growing  rapidly  in  size  and  efficiency.  Especially  are  its  collec- 
tions constantly  outrunning  the  space  available  for  installing  them  prop- 
erly ;  some  are  gifts  from  Trustees  and  others  ;  more  are  purchases. 
It  is  reached  by  the  West  Side  Elevated  Railway  to  81st  street,  or  the 
surface  cars  skirting  the  west  side  of  Central  Park.    Descend  at  77th  street. 

Legg-at  Brothers. 

As  New  York  is  the  literary  center  of  the  country,  one  naturally  looks 
here  for  large  collections  of  books  in  the  stores,  and  for  cheap  books.  In 
fact,  books  may  be  bought  here  more  cheaply  than  anywhere  else  in  the 
world.  Chief  of  the  cheap  stores  is  that  of  Leggat  Brothers,  fronting  on 
Chambers  street,  three  doors  west  of  City  Hall  Park,  and  running  through 
the  block  to  Reade  street. 

Three  stories  of  this  building  are  filled  with  books  from  floor  to  ceiling. 
The  sample  copies  are  arranged  on  shelves  and  classi^ed  in  regular  library 
fashion,  the  books  devoted  to  any  one  topic  being  together.  As  fast  as  a 
book  is  sold  it  is  replaced  from  the  reserve  stock.  The  proprietors  make  it 
their  boast  that  they  never  have  less  than  a  million  volumes  in  stock.  Every 
book  that  has  ever  been  published  and  has  been  proved  by  time  to  have 
any  value,  is  kept  on  sale.  All  departments  of  literature  are  covered,  but 
a  specialty  is  made  of  medical,  theological,  and  scientific  works. 


j^EWSfAPERS  AN9  fERIODIGAbS. 


Their  Circulation — How  Produced  and  Distributed  —  Periodicals  Printed 
in  Foreign  Languages  —  Leading  Magazines  and  Reviews. 


There  are  fifty-six  daily  newspapers  published  in  New  York,  and  of 
these  ten  rank  in  point  of  influence  with  the  greatest  journals  in  the  world. 
In  thoroughness  and  enterprise  they  have  rivals,  but  no  peers.  Boston, 
Philadelphia  and  Chicago  have  daily  newspapers  which  nearly  approach 
those  of  New  York  in  circulation,  but  the  critical  reader  cannot  fail  to  dis- 
cern in  them  a  habit  of  reliance  upon  the  guidance  of  the  metropolitan 
press.  New  York  dailies  strike  the  keynote  in  every  controversy,  and  the 
newspapers  of  the  country  join  in  the  refrain.  Usually  partisan,  the  major- 
ity of  these  great  newspapers  discard  party  considerations  during  national 
crises. 

The  range  of  influence  of  these  papers  far  transcends  the  limits  of  the 
city,  and  they  have  dwarfed  newspapers  in  such  important  cities  as  Brook- 
lyn, Jersey  City,  Yonkers,  Newark,  Paterson  and  Trenton.  Even  Albany 
suffers,  as  in  fact  does  every  city,  except  Philadelphia,  to  which  New  York 
papers  are  delivered  early  in  the  morning  of  their  publication.  The  Sun- 
day issues  of  the  metropolitan  dailies  reach  still  farther,  and  compete  with 
the  home  publications  of  Boston  and  Philadelphia.  Hence  the  enormous 
circulations  of  these  [issues,  running  far  above  100,000  each  in  the  case  of 
four — The  Sun,  The  Herald,  The  World,  and  The  Recorder.  On  other 
days  the  number  of  newspapers  circulating  above  100,000  copies  each  is  in- 
creased by  The  Press,  The  Evening  Sun,  The  Daily  News,  The  Morning 
Journal  and  The  Evening  World,  making  nine  whose  average  distribu- 
tion exceeds  100,000. 

To  produce  so  many  newspapers  requires  the  highest  achievements  in 
mechanical  skill.  Among  the  most  interesting  sights  of  New  York  are  the 
press  rooms  of  the  great  dailies  when  their  editions  are  being  run  off.  A 
good  time  to  visit  one  of  these  rooms  is  when  an  evening  edition  is  being 
printed  between  three  and  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  On  Friday  and 
Saturday  afternoons  the  magazine  sections  of  the  Sunday  papers  are  printed. 
On  other  days  the  press  rooms  of  the  morning  papers  are  still,  except  be- 


NEWSPAPERS  AND  PERIODICALS.  239 

tween  12  midnight  and  4  A.  M.     Almost  all  press  rooms  are  equipped  with 
cylinder  presses  manufactured  by 

K.  Hoe  and  Company. 

This  house  has  done  more  to  make  the  large  circulations  of  the  great 
dailies  possible  than  any  other.  It  was  founded  over  four  score  years  ago 
by  Robert  Hoe,  whose  grandson  represents  the  family  in  the  present  firm. 
The  partners  now  are  :  Robert  Hoe,  Stephen  D.  Tucker,  Theodore  H. 
Mead,  and  Charles  W.  Carpenter.  Many  as  have  been  the  presses  invented 
by  members  and  employes  of  this  concern,  it  is  yet  remarkable  from  the 
fact  that  greater  advances  have  been  made  within  the  last  dozen  years 
than  in  all  those  preceding.  Their  latest  achievement  is  the  production  of 
The  Sextuple  Press  which  prints,  cuts,  pastes,  folds  and  counts  a  four  or 
six  page  paper  at  the  rate  of  96,000  copies  an  hour,  say  27  copies  each  second. 

To  build  such  a  press  requires  a  year  of  time,  although  the  plant  of  R. 
Hoe  &  Co.  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  covers  the  entire  block 
bounded  by  Grand,  Broome,  Sheriff  and  Columbia  streets.  The  floor  area 
of  the  buildings  on  this  block  measures  seven  and  a  half  acres.  A  few  years 
ago  the  firm  built  a  duplicate  of  this  plant  in  London,  at  Mansfield  Street 
Borough  Road,  where  the  presses  used  by  the  great  newspapers  of 
Europe  are  constructed.  From  the  New  York  works  the  big  dailies  in  the 
United  States,  Canada  and  Australia  are  supplied  with  fast  presses. 

These  machines  print  4,  6,  8,  10,  12,  14,  16,  20,  or  24  page  papers,  that 
is  to  say  one  press  will  print  newspapers  of  as  many  different  pages,  but 
of  course  it  will  not  turn  out  so  many  completed  copies  of  the  larger  papers. 
A  machine  that  will  print  96,000  four  or  six  page  papers  per  hour  will  only 
print  24,000  twenty-four  pages  per  hour.  It  not  only  prints  these  copies, 
but  also  cuts,  folds,  pastes  and  counts  them,  delivering  them  in  lots  of  50 
and  indicating  on  the  face  of  a  dial  the  number  printed.  To  describe  one  of 
these  mechanical  marvels  is  impossible,  but  every  visitor  to  New  York  can 
see  one,  either  at  the  Hoe  works  or  in  the  press  room  of  any  of  the  great 
dailies. 

Not  only  do  these  machines  do  a  lot  of  work  quickly,  they  may  also  be 
.naie  to  do  it  exceedingly  well.  Every  reader  knows  how  beautifully 
Harper's  Magazine  and  The  Century  are  printed,  but  it  is  not  so  generally 
known  that  the  work  is  done  by  Hoe  presses.  One  variety  of  these 
book  presses  prints  from  electrotype,  or  electrotype  plates,  books,  pamph- 
lets, etc.,  of  various  sizes,  delivers  the  sheets  folded  in  signatures  of  8,  16, 
32  or  64  pages  ready  for  the  binder  at  the  rate  of  from  4,000  to  16,000  per 
hour,  according  to  the  size  and  number  of  the  pages. 

R.  Hoe  &  Company  also  make  rapid  presses  which  print  artistic  and 
illustrated  work  perfectly.  Besides  these  lightning  machines  the  firm  manu- 


240  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

factures  all  varieties  of  job  work  presses  and  all  the  electrotyping  and  other 
apparatus  which  constitute  the  necessary  supplements  of  their  fast 
presses.  In  all  parts  of  the  world  their  machinery  is  found,  and,  as  a 
Western  editor  has  said  :  "  The  sun  never  sets  on  the  Hoe  press." 

The  relative  importance  of  New  York  dailies  is  not  to  be  measured  alto- 
gether by  the  volume  of  their  circulation.  Several  of  them  exercise  much 
influence  although  they  reach  a  limited  number  of  readers  comparatively. 
Among  these  The  Tribune,  The  Times,  The  Commercial  Advertiser, 
The  Mail  and  Express,  The  Post,  The  Journal  of  Commerce,  Staats 
Zeitung  and  Le  Courrier  des  Etats  C/nis  are  the  leaders. 

New  York  is  the  headquarters  of  the  news  associations  which  so  greatly 
facilitate  the  work  and  reduce  the  cost  of  gathering  news  for  the  daily 
press  of  the  country.  Yet  New  York  newspapers  profit  less  by  the  services 
of  these  associations  than  journals  published  in  other  parts  of  the  United 
States.  The  latter  rely  almost  entirely  upon  the  associations  for  tele- 
graphic news,  but  the  principal  newspapers  here  not  only  take  all  the  news 
furnished  by  several  associations,  but  also  employ  a  host  of  correspondents, 
having  at  least  one  in  every  city  of  importance  in  America,  and  in  London, 
Paris  and  Berlin.  Each  newspaper  has  special  wires  to  its  office,  where  a 
corps  of  operators  receive  the  news  as  fast  as  it  comes  over  the  line  and 
transmit  the  instructions  of  the  editors  to  correspondents  and  represen- 
tatives. Free  use  is  also  made  of  the  long  distance  telephone  and  of  the 
Atlantic  cables.  In  addition,  each  newspaper  maintains  special  bureaux 
in  Brooklyn,  Albany,  Washington  and  Chicago.  When  any  great  conven- 
tion is  in  progress,  or  there  is  in  any  one  place  a  succession  of  momentous 
events,  a  detachment  of  alert  news  gatherers  and  writers  from  each  news- 
paper is  always  on  the  ground.  Expense  is  scarcely  regarded  at  all  when 
the  collection  of  news  is  in  question,  and  special  trains,  relays  of  couriers, 
special  wires,  are  always  at  the  service  of  the  newsgatherer  if  the  occasion 
demands.  The  compensation  of  newspaper  reporters  and  correspondents 
is  liberal,  and  compares  more  than  favorably  with  that  of  other  professional 
men. 

The  principal  news  gathering  associations  whose  field  is  the  civilized 
world  are  the  New  York  Associated  Press,  and  the  United  Press. 
There  are  also  numerous  associations  which  restrict  their  operations 
to  a  special  field,  as  New  York  City,  Westchester  County,  Long  Island, 
New  Jersey  or  Ohio.  All  of  these  associations  have  special  rates 
with  the  telegraph  companies,  as  have  also  the  newspapers,  for  whom 
reduced  tolls  are  made  for  messages  sent  or  received  over  land  or  under 
sea. 

All  the  great  newspapers  have  their  offices  in  Broadway  and  Park  Row, 
between  Fulton  street  and  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.     The  reason  for  this  choice 


NEWSPAPERS  AND   PERIODICALS.  241 

of  location  is  the  desirability  of  being  as  close  as  possible  to  the  general 
post-office,  through  which  many  hundred  thousand  copies  are  distributed 
and  which  brings  the  exchanges  and  voluminous  mails  of  the  newspapers. 

In  distributing  the  millions  of  newspapers  produced  in  New  York  daily, 
an  extensive  and  complicated  machinery  is  employed.  No  city  possesses  so 
large  or  alert  an  army  of  newsboys.  They  board  every  street  car,  beset  every 
depot,  ferry  house,  bridge  entrance  and  elevated  railroad  station,  enter  offices 
and  ring  doorbells.  An  extra,  published  at  an  unusual  hour,  always  finds  them 
ready  to  speculate  by  turning  their  small  capital  into  papers.  A  few  min- 
utes after  the  first  copies  fall  from  the  press  there  comes  a  chorus  of 
"  Oixtray!"  that  pierces  the  most  retired  corner  of  the  towering  office  build- 
ings around  Printing  House  Square,  and  makes  everybody  realize  that 
something  thrilling  has  happened. 

The  newsboy  army  does  not  all  rendezvous  in  Newspaper  Row.  Scat- 
tered throughout  the  city  are  other  assembling  places,  selected  by  common 
consent,  where  companies  gather  to  buy  their  papers  from  the  wagons  sent 
there  by  the  publishers.  On  the  way  also  these  wagons  do  a  thriving  trade, 
and  where  one  is  seen,  it  is  usually  decorated  in  the  rear  by  a  bare  legged 
urchin  holding  on  in  some  miraculous  way  to  the  tail  board  while  he  ex- 
changes his  pennies  for  papers. 

Profits  are  not  large  in  amount,  though  the  margin  is  usually  from  30 
to  40  per  cent.  Nevertheless  on  this  margin  a  host  of  people  subsist.  They 
have  little  stands,  newspaper  routes,  or  act  as  middlemen. 

Some  of  the  jobbers  are  great  corporations,  which  distribute  books 
and  magazines  as  well  as  newspapers,  and  are  also  going  extensively  into 
the  distribution  of  toys,  flags,  stationery,  campaign  goods,  pictures,  any- 
thing and  everything  likely  to  be  sold  at  a  news  stand  or  a  stationer's  shop. 
Chief  of  these  is  the  American  News  Company,  which  has  a  large  and 
handsome  building,  opposite  the  Court  House,  in  Chambers  street,  for  its 
headquarters. 

This  company,  having  purchased  a  majority  of  their  stock,  now  controls 
all  of  the  larger  competing  companies  except  The  Manhattan  News  Com- 
pany, which  operates  the  news  stands  in  the  stations  of  the  elevated  rail- 
ways. The  other  important  companies  are  The  Union  News  Company, 
operating  the  stands  in  the  depots  of  the  principal  railroads  of  the  country, 
and  employing  the  newsboys  who  sell  on  the  trains  of  these  roads;  The 
New  York  News  Company,  The  Long  Island  News  Company,  which 
restricts  its  operations  to  Long  Island,  Nassau  News  Company,  Brooklyn 
News  Company,  Harlem  News  Company,  National  News  Company,  and 
the  Williamsburg  News  Company. 

These  companies  relieve  the  publishers  of  the  daily  newspapers, 
the  weeklies,  magazines  and  cheap  novels,  of  the  burden   of  distributing 


242  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

their  publications,  and  do  it  on  a  surprisingly  small  margin,  in  many  cases 
receiving  only  five  per  cent,  out  of  the  forty  per  cent,  of  the  retail  price  of 
a  book  or  periodical  which  is  usually  divided  between  the  jobber  and  re- 
tailer. With  the  books,  &c. ,  sold,  they  also  distribute  such  advertising  mat- 
ter as  the  publishers  may  wish  to  place  in  the  hands  of  dealers.  The  pub- 
lishers themselves  could  not  distribute  their  issues  to  dealers  nearly  as 
cheaply  as  the  news  companies  do. 

It  is  customary  for  publishers,  however,  to  advertise  freely.  They 
take  their  own  medicine,  for  while  they  teach  the  benefits  of  advertising 
they  prove  their  belief  by  expending  vast  sums  in  keeping  their  publica- 
tions before  the  public.  Every  imaginable  way  of  pushing  their  periodi- 
cals is  adopted,  even  to  chartering  special  trains  and  fast  steamboats  to 
reach  out  of  town  readers  in  advance  of  their  competitors.  Some  of  these 
methods  make  it  very  difficult  to  judge  of  the  actual  price  paid  for  circula- 
ting any  periodical.  For  example,  it  is  the  custom  to  overstock  dealers 
and  accept  from  them  unsold  copies.  The  Sun  is  the  conspicuous  exception 
in  this  regard,  as  in  ordering  copies  of  this  leader  among  the  newspapers 
of  New  York,  the  dealer  does  so  at  his  own  risk,  having  to  pay  for  every 
one  delivered  to  him. 

The  cosmopolitanism  of  New  York  is  strikingly  apparent  in  its  news- 
papers. There  are  dailies  published  in  German,  French,*  Italian,  Hebrew 
and  Spanish.  Of  the  nine  daily  newspapers  printed  in  German,  two  are 
translated  editions  of  English  journals,  and  two  are  printed  in  the  special 
interest  of  immigrants  from  Bohemia.  There  are  76  periodicals  published  in 
foreign  languages,  which  appear  semi-weekly,  weekly,  fortnightly,  monthly, 
or  bi-monthly.  Of  these  39  are  printed  in  German,  and  14  in  Spanish. 
Three  are  printed  in  Armenian,  4  in  Swedish,  3  in  Hebrew,  1  in  Magyar, 
2  in  Italian,  1  in  Polish,  3  in  French,  1  in  Finnish,  1  in  Danish,  1  in  Rus- 
sian, 1  in  Bohemian  and  1  in  Portuguese.  In  looking  over  a  list  of  these 
newspapers  one  only  wonders  why  there  are  no  periodicals  printed  in 
Chinese  or  Sanscrit.  Almost  every  other  known  language  seems  to  have 
its  representative. 

The  periodicals  above  mentioned  are  nearly  all  newspapers.  Another 
large  list  of  publications  comes  under  review  when  class  papers  are  con- 
sidered. There  is  no  need  to  mention  them,  and  a  list  would  be  wearisome. 
Every  trade,  every  branch  of  business,  every  religious  sect,  almost  every 
conceivable  human  interest,  has  its  organ.  A  list  of  all  the  periodicals 
published  in  New  York  covers  54  closely  printed  columns  in  Rowell's  News- 
paper Directory.  All  branches  of  service,  all  the  current  fads  and  fanatic 
movements  are  expounded  year  in  and  year  out  through  periodicals. 
But  these  only  appeal  to  groups.  New  York,  however,  publishes  the 
majority  of    the  periodicals   of  general   interest    that  are    read    in  this 


NEWSPAPERS  AND   PERIODICALS.  243 

country.  The  United  States  laughs  over  Puck,  Judge  and  Life,  the 
best  three  comic  weeklies,  and  buys  a  great  many  copies  of  numerous 
others  of  the  same  sort,  though  not  of  the  same  excellence  as  these.  Other 
high  class  pictorial  weeklies  that  are  not  professedly  humorous  are  Harper's 
Weekly,  Frank  Leslie's  Weekly,  Harper's  Bazar,  and  The  Lllustrated 
American.  There  are  no  satisfactory  society  papers,  though  a  number  of 
more  or  less  scurrilous  publications  claim  to  be  so  classed. 

In  magazines  New  York  has  a  monopoly  of  the  best  in  the  country. 
Here  are  published  The  Century,  Harper's  Magazine,  Scribner's  Maga- 
zine, The  Cosmopolitan,  Godey's  Magazine  (founded  1830),  Drake's 
Magazine  and  Outing,  each  of  which  circulates  as  many  copies 
as  any  of  the  great  dailies.  Here  also  is  the  home  of  the  best 
American  reviews,  such  as  The  North  American,  The  Forum,  The  Popu- 
lar Science  Mojithly,  The  Review  of  Reviews  and  The  Political  Science 
Quarterly.  Ail  the  leading  British  reviews  are  reprinted  here  for  American 
circulation.  New  Yorkers  are  in  truth  great  readers,  though  the  majority 
have  no  time  to  peruse  anything  but  the  newspapers.  These,  however,  make 
it  their  care  to  post  their  constituents  on  all  movements  and  discoveries  of 
what  kind  soever.  Especially  on  Sundays  do  they  depart  from  the  chroni- 
cling of  happenings  and  indulge  in  discussions  of  catholic  range.  On  week 
days  their  work  is  likely  to  be  snap  shot  in  character,  but  on  Sundays, 
especially  in  their  magazine  sections,  the  articles  are  the  result  of  deliber- 
ate preparation  and  are  well  up  to  the  magazine  level.  If  it  were  not  that 
some  of  the  magazines  have  reached  a  circulation  of  over  a  quarter  of  a 
million  copies  each  month,  one  might  be  disposed  to  predict  the  disappear- 
ance of  the  magazine  before  the  competition  of  the  Sunday  newspaper. 
Both  in  reality  are  extending  their  range  together,  showing  the  growing 
appreciation  of  the  public  for  good  writing. 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS. 


The  Charity  Organization  Society — Government  or  Official  Aid — Priva:e 
and  Semi-Private  Aid — Hospitals,  Dispensaries,  Ambulances  and 
Nurses  —  Asylums  for  the  Insane  —  Homes  for  Aged  or  Infirm  — 
Juvenile  Asylums  and  Schools  for  the  Defective  —  Reformatories  — 
Day  Nurseries  —  Houses  of  Refuge,  Free  Lodgings  and  Meals  — 
Summer  Homes  and  Excursions  —  Special  Relief  Funds,  &c. 


That  phase  of  philanthropy  which  expresses  itself  in  the  erection  and 
endowment  of  benevolent  institutions  and  the  organization  of  kindred  so- 
cieties, finds  in  the  great  American  metropolis  ample  need  and  scope  for  its 
development.  In  a  city  so  cosmopolitan  as  New  York,  in  which  every  grade 
of  American  and  foreign  society  is  represented,  there  are,  and  seem 
likely  ever  to  be,  a  large  number  of  persons  who  depend  upon  alms,  in  some 
form,  for  their  subsistence.  When  it  is  remembered  that  in  some  years  over 
400,000  immigrants  drawn  from  almost  every  civilized  country  of  the  globe, 
and  generally  from  the  middle  and  lower  social  strata,  land  in  New  York,  one 
can  easily  realize  that  in  such  a  motley  crowd  there  are  thousands  who, 
through  ignorance  of  our  language,  customs  and  trades,  fail  to  earn  a  liveli 
hood  and  are  soon  reduced  to  want.  To  these,  of  course,  must  be  added 
the  native  born  people  who  through  misfortune  are  forced  to  rely  for  sup- 
port on  public  or  private  charities.  In  no  community  in  the  world  is  the 
spirit  of  charity  more  alert  than  in  New  York,  where  philanthropists  in  this 
line  would  find  it  difficult  to  discover  an  unoccupied  field.  Some  of  the 
charities  in  this  city,  such  as  the  St.  John's  Guild,  Summer  Homes  and  Ex- 
cursions for  Poor  Children,  and  the  like,  are  purely  the  outgrowth  of  the 
city's  geographical  position,  and  are  thus  distinctive  in  their  character; 
while  the  great  majority  are  such  as  would  naturally  spring  into  existence 
in  so  populous  a  city.  The  benevolent  contributions,  public  and  private, 
aggregate  between  $9,000,000  and  $10,000,000  annually,  a  sum  which  will 
give,  perhaps,  an  idea  of  the  wonderful  charitable  resources  of  the 
metropolis.  The  private  charitable  institutions  in  New  York  represent  a 
valuation  of  nearly  $36,000,000. 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS.  245 

The  Charities  Organization  Society,  founded  in  1882  "  for  the  purpose 
of  offering  to  the  charitable  activities — civic,  chartered  and  individual — the 
benefits  which  are  found  to  result  from  associated  and  concurrent  action  in 
other  departments  of  social  as  well  as  in  business  life,"  acts  as  a  charity 
clearing-house,  where  are  intended  to  be  registered  the  names  of  all  persons 
asking  or  receiving  public  or  private  alms ;  impostors  are  thus  easily  ex- 
posed and  the  wasteful  overlapping  of  benevolent  work  is  prevented.  The 
more  important  charitable  institutions  co-operate  with  this  society,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  it  will  soon  embrace  all.  The  society  is  absolutely  non-sec- 
tarian, non-political  and  cosmopolitan.  It  does  not  directly  dispense  alms, 
but  exists  to  foster  harmonious  co-operations,  and  as  a  means  of  communi- 
cation between  the  various  churches  and  charitable  agencies  in  the  city;  it 
investigates  without  charge  the  cases  of  all  applicants  for  relief  referred  to 
it;  it  secures  suitable  charity  for  the  deserving,  procures  work  for  those 
capable  of  partial  self-support,  strives  to  repress  mendicity  by  prosecuting 
impostors,  and  to  promote  the  general  welfare  of  the  poor  by  social  and 
sanitary  reforms.  The  offices  of  the  society  are  at  present  at  21  University 
Place,  but  it  will  soon  occupy  commodious  quarters  in  the  recently  erected 
United  Charities  Building,  N.  E.  cor.  4th  Av.  &  22d  St.  The  directory 
published  by  the  society  enrolls  nearly  1,300  city  charities,  including  many 
administered  by  the  churches.  This  directory  .should  be  consulted  by  all 
interested  in  charitable  work,  as  from  the  brief  notices  given  in  this  chapter 
only  a  faint  idea  can  be  formed  of  the  magnitude  of  metropolitan  benevo- 
lences. To  facilitate  the  work  of  the  society  the  city  is  divided  into  12  dis- 
tricts, each  with  local  headquarters,  at  which  application  for  aid  or  infor- 
mation may  be  made. 

A  list  of  the  metropolitan  charities,  embodying  the  briefest  description, 
would  fill  a  book  larger  than  this  volume,  and  it  is  possible  only  to  indicate 
the  leading  features  of  the  greatest  institutions  and  societies,  and  barely  to 
mention  those  of  a  second  order,  while  a  large  number,  minor  in  their  in- 
dividual importance,  but  exercising  a  vast  beneficent  influence,  must  be 
entirely  omitted. 

Government  or  Official  Aid. 

This  embraces  the  City  and  County,  State,  and  National  Institutions, 
of  which  only  the  former  are  of  interest  here. 

The  Department  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  has  charge  of  all 
the  charitable  and  correctional  operations  of  the  City  Government :  office, 
N.  W.  cor.  Third  Av.  and  nth  St.  Applications  for  relief  of  any  kind,  ad- 
mission to  hospitals,  almshouses,  asylums,  nurseries  and  workhouses,  must 
be  made  to  the  Superintendent  of  Out-Door  Poor  at  this  address,  who  alone 
grants  permits  to  intending  visitors  of  the  institutions.  The  city  charities 
embrace  the  following  institutions: — 


246  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Bellevue  Hospital,  by  far  the  most  famed  institution  of  its  kind  in  the 
western  world,  at  the  foot  of  E.  26th  St.,  founded  in  1826,  is  designed  for  the 
reception  and  care  of  the  sick  of  every  nation,  creed  and  color  who  suffer 
from  other  than  contagious  diseases.  The  building,  which  somewhat  re- 
sembles a  convent  in  form,  is  very  extensive  and  entirely  wanting  in  archi- 
tectural style,  occupies  the  entire  space  between  26th  and  28th  Sts.  and 
First  Avenue  and  East  River.  It  contains  the  lecture  halls,  &c,  of  the 
Bellevue  Medical  Schools,  and  Training  Schools  for  men  and  women  nurses, 
as  well  as  extensive  stables  for  the  ambulance  service.  Cases  of  accident  or 
any  illness  are  received  at  all  hours  ;  in  fact  all  the  cases  falling  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Board  of  Public  Charities  are  first  sent  here  for  diagnosis, 
after  which  the  patient  is  removed  to  the  proper  hospital.  Its  capacity  is  700 
beds.  Non-resident  patients  are  charged  $15  a  month.  About  13,000 
patients  are  received  annually,  besides  several  thousand  out-door  patients 
who  are  treated  by  the  hospital  surgeons.  Over  4,000  ambulance  calls  are 
responded  to  in  a  year.  Visitors  are  admitted  daily  from  11  A.  M.  to  2  P. 
M.  The  Fordham  Reception  Hospital,  2456  Valentine  Ave.,  Gouverneur 
Hospital,  Gouverneur  Slip,  corner  Front  St.,  and  the  Harlem  Reception 
Hospital,  525  E.  120th  St.,  are  branches  of  Bellevue. 

The  almshouse,  the  charity,  paralytic,  epileptic,  maternity,  and  con- 
valescent hospitals,  the  hospital  for  incurables,  and  the  asylum  for  the  in- 
digent blind,  together  with  the  penitentiary,  the  lunatic  asylum  for  women 
and  the  workhouse,  are  on  Blackwell's  Island.  The  buildings  occupied  by 
these  latter  charities  are  of  great  dimensions  and  are  built  almost  entirely 
of  granite,  quarried  upon  the  Island  by  convict  labor.  The  castellated 
style  of  architecture,  in  imitation  of  that  common  during  the  feudal  period, 
prevails.  The  population  of  these  institutions  is  about  7,000.  The  able- 
bodied  are  employed  in  gardening  (the  part  of  the  Island  otherwise 
unoccupied  being  fertile),  the  erection  and  repairing  of  buildings,  and  all 
other  work  required  for  the  maintenance  of  these  vast  institutions,  which 
in  size  and  appointment  are  unrivalled  on  the  continent.  The  buildings 
usually  of  interest  to  visitors  are  the  penitentiary  and  the  lunatic  asylum. 
Blackwell's  Island  is  reached  by  the  ferry  from  the  ft.  of  E.  26th  St. 

A  branch  of  the  City  Insane  Asylum,  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  the 
Workhouse,  occupy  spacious  buildings  on  Hart's  Island,  where  is  also  the 
City  Cemetery  for  the  interment  of  all  persons  buried  at  the  public 
expense. 

The  Children's  Hospital  for  children  over  2  years  of  age,  and  the  In- 
fants' Hospital  for  children  under  2  years  of  age,  are  on  Randall's  Island. 

The  Homoeopathic  Hospital  for  both  sexes,  the  New  York  City 
Asylum  for  the  Insane,  males,  and  the  Idiot  Asylum  for  children,  are  in 
massive  red  brick  structures  on  Ward's  Island. 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS.  247 

The  Riverside  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases,  under  care  of  the 
Board  of  Health,  is  on  North  Brother  Island,  and  in  it  are  cared  for  all 
cases  which  cannot  safely  be  isolated  at  home,  and  all  cases  of  small-pox, 
typhus,  and  relapsing  fevers  from  quarantine.  The  temporary  reception 
hospital  is  at  the  foot  of  E.  16th  St.  All  contagious  diseases  should  be  re- 
ported immediately  at  the  nearest  Police  Station,  or  to  the  Board  of  Health, 
301  Mott  St. 

The  New  York  Morgue,  on  the  Bellevue  Hospital  grounds,  is  the 
most  gruesome  of  the  city  charities.  It  is  open  at  all  hours  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  unknown  dead.  Bodies  are  kept  for  three  days,  and  if  then  un- 
claimed are  buried  in  the  City  Cemetery.  Photographs  are  taken,  and 
clothing  is  preserved  for  one  year. 

Associated  with  these  charities,  but  under  the  direct  control  of  the 
Public  Works  Department,  are  the  free  floating  baths,  15  in  number,  located 
along  the  city  water  edge.  These  are  open  on  alternate  days,  for  males  and 
females,  from  June  to  October.     In  these  3,432,000  baths  are  taken  annually. 

Free  Night  Medical  Service  is  provided  by  the  Board  of  Health,  and 
for  this  purpose  lists  of  medical  men  are  kept  in  each  Police  Station, 
where  application  must  be  made.  The  physician  living  nearest  the  applicant 
will  at  once  be  summoned. 

Hospitals,  Dispensaries,  Ambulances  and  Nurses. 

New  York  possesses  one  of  the  most  elaborate  and  perfect  hospital 
systems  in  the  world.  Many  of  these  institutions  are  housed  in  palatial 
buildings  equipped  with  every  modern  sanitary  improvement  and  con- 
venience. One  hundred  and  one  institutions  are  especially  devoted  to  this 
work  within  the  city  limits,  and  189  others  are  provided  with  departments 
for  the  relief  and  care  of  the  sick.  So  perfect  are  many  of  these  institutions 
in  their  appointments  and  in  the  quality  of  their  medical  service  and  attend- 
ance that  they  are  the  most  desirable  places  of  refuge  during  illness,  and  are 
resorted  to  by  many  wealthy  persons  who  have  long  since  recognized  their 
superiority.  The  medical  staffs  of  these  hospitals  comprise  the  most  distin- 
guished physicians  and  specialists  in  the  city,  upon  whose  skill  perfect 
reliance  may  be  placed.  Strangers  resident  in  hotels  or  boarding-houses 
should  not  hesitate  to  make  use  of  these  institutions  when  necessary. 
Patients  having  contagious  diseases  are  not  admitted  to  any  of  the  general 
hospitals. 

The  Principal  General  Hospitals  in  the  city  are : — 

The  New  York  Hospital,  founded  in  1791,  is  the  oldest  in  the  city,"  and 

occupies  an  imposing  suite  of  lofty  buildings  at  7  to  21  W.  15th  St.,  running 

through  the  block  to  W.  16th  St.     It  is  a  general  hospital  for  surgical  as 

well  as  medical  treatment  of  all  excepting  contagious  diseases      Patient's 


248  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

able  to  pay  are  charged  from  $i  to  $7  a  day,  according  to  the  accom- 
modations afforded.  Last  year  the  number  of  patients  treated  was  4,641. 
Connected  with  this  hospital  are  the  following : — The  Dispensary  or  Out- 
patient department,  situated  in  the  basement  and  open  daily,  except 
Sundays  and  holidays,  at  2  P.  M.,  in  which  9,228  persons  received  treatment 
last  year.  The  House  of  Relief  or  Chambers  Street  Hospital,  160  Cham- 
bers St. ,  is  for  the  treatment  of  emergency  cases  occurring  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  city.  The  service  of  this  branch  is  absolutely  free.  2,262  in-patients 
and  over  20,000  out-patients  were  treated  last  year.  Applications  for  medi- 
cal assistance  may  be  made  at  this  hospital  at  any  hour.  Separate  ambu- 
lance services  are  maintained  by  these  hospitals,  and  last  year  over  5,000 
calls  were  responded  to. 

The  Presbyterian  Hospital,  in  Madison  Avenue,  occupies  a  block  of 
spacious  red-brick  buildings,  constructed  on  the  most  approved  plan,  extend- 
ing from  70th  to  71st  Sts.,  and  running  through  to  Park  Ave.  Although 
supported  by  the  Presbyterian  Church,  it  is  entirely  non-sectarian  and 
recognizes  no  distinctions  of  color,  creed  or  nationality.  Its  capacity  is  382 
beds,  but  in  case  of  emergency  450.  Incurable  cases  are  not  admitted. 
About  go  per  cent,  of  the  patients  are  treated  free,  the  others,  whe  1  able, 
paying  $7  a  week.  In  the  dispensary  last  year,  nearly  7,000  persons 
were  relieved.  The  hospital  maintains  an  efficient  ambulance  service,  which 
performs  very  important  duty  in  the  eastern  and  middle  sections  of  the  city. 

St.  Luke's  Hospital,  54th  St.  and  5th  Ave.,  was  founded  in  1850,  and 
although  housed  in  an  unpretentious  brick  building  is  one  of  the  best  ap- 
pointed general  hospitals  in  the  city.  It  is  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  but  is  open  to  patients  of  every  color,  creed 
and  nation.  It  admits  acute,  curable  and  non-contagious  diseases,  and  for 
a  limited  period  provides  treatment  for  incurable  patients.  A  ward  is 
set  apart  for  consumptives.  Patients  unable  to  pay  are  admitted  free, 
others  are  charged  from  $7  to  $60  a  week  in  advance.  The  capacity  of  the 
hospital  is  220  beds,  in  which  were  treated  about  2,000  patients  last  year. 
The  endowment  fund  amounts  to  $836,000.  A  training  school  for  nurses  is 
connected  with  this  institution. 

The  Roosevelt  Hospital,  with  its  extensive  and  admirably  appointed 
buildings,  on  the  pavilion  plan,  covers  the  block  between  58th  and  59th  Sts. 
and  9th  and  10th  Aves. ,  and  is  free  to  all  patients  unable  to  pay.  It  accom- 
modates 176  patients.  Last  year  2,815  cases  received  treatment  in  its 
wards,  and  3,601  in  the  accident  room.  Persons  suffering  from  severe  ac- 
cident or  serious  illness  are  taken  in  at  any  hour.  Telephone  call  490,  38th 
St.  In  connection  with  the  Vanderbilt  Clinic  or  out-patient  department 
over  87,000  visits  are  made  annually.  An  ambulance  service  is  maintained. 
The  endowment  of  this  hospital  amounts  to  $1,340,000. 


BENEVOLENT  ORGANIZATIONS.  249 

Mt.  Sinai  Hospital,  Lexington  Ave.  and  66th  St.,  has  a  capacity  of  200 
beds  and  treats  annually  about  3,000  cases.  It  is  free  to  the  impecunious, 
but  those  able  to  pay  are  charged  $7  weekly.  The  hospital  supports  a  train- 
ing school  for  nurses,  a  corps  of  physicians  for  outdoor  relief,  and  a  dis- 
pensary at  1519  67th  St.,  where  43,560  free  consultations  were  given  and 
42,400  prescriptions  dispensed  last  year. 

The  German  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  Park  Ave.  and  77th  St.,  is 
equipped  with  165  beds,  of  which  over  125  are  free.  It  admits  to  the  limit 
of  its  capacity  the  sick  poor  regardless  of  class  or  color.  Private  patients 
are  charged  from  $15  to  $35  weekly.  In  the  annexed  dispensary  about 
41,000  prescriptions  at  the  uniform  price  of  10  cents  each  were  dispensed  to 
nearly  28,000  applicants  last  year.  Besides  a  training  school  for  nurses  the 
hospital  is  equipped  with  an  ambulance  corps. 

St.  Francis  Hospital,  603 — 617  Fifth  St.,  is,  together  with  the  next- 
named  institution,  maintained  by  the  community  of  Sisters  of  the  Poor  of 
St.  Francis.  Its  wards  contain  240  beds,  in  which  are  annually  treated  over 
2,700  sufferers.  Immediate  admission  is  granted  to  all  emergency  cases. 
Telephone  call,  487  Spring  Street. 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  143rd  St.  and  Brook  Ave.,  is  devoted  to  the  care 
of  consumptives  and  patients  suffering  from  chronic  incurable  diseases  ex- 
cluded from  the  other  general  hospitals.  It  has  250  beds,  and  is  free  to  all 
requiring  its  services. 

Other  General  Hospitals  are: — Bellevue  Hospital,  foot  E.  26th  St.  (de- 
scribed above);  Berachah  Home,  250  W.  44th  St.;  Beth  Israel  Hospital,  196 
E.  Broadway;  Italian  Hospital,  320  E.  109th  St.;  Fordham  Reception  Hos- 
pital, 2456  Valentine  Ave.;  German  Poliklinik,  78  Seventh  St.;  Gouverneur 
Hospital,  42  Front  St. ;  Hahnemann  Hospital,  Park  Ave.,  near  67th  St.; 
Harlem  Reception  Hospital,  525  E.  120th  St.;  Lebanon  Hospital,  Westches- 
ter Ave.  near  Trinity  Ave. ;  Manhattan  Hospital,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  131st 
St. ;  NewYork  Polyclinic  Hospital, 214  E.34th  St. ;  New  York  State  Immigrants 
Hospital  and  Refuge,  Ward's  Island;  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  225  W.  31st 
St.;  St.  Mark's  Hospital,  66  St.  Mark's  PL;  Trinity  Hospital,  50  Varick  St., 
Woodstock  Hospital,  815  Union  Ave. ;  and  the  hospitals  maintained  by  the  de- 
partment of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  on  the  islands  in  the  East  River. 

The  Principal  Special  Hospitals  are: — 

The  New  York  Cancer  Hospital,  at  Central  Park  West  and  106th  St. 
possesses  one  of  the  handsomest  hospital  edifices  within  the  city  limits  and 
is  dedicated  to  the  treatment  of  all  sufferers  from  cancers,  whose  condition 
admits  of  cure  or  relief.  Pay  patients  are  charged  from  $7  to  $20  a  week, 
and  those  unable  to  pay  receive  free  treatment.  Over  350  new  cases  were 
admitted  last  year.  There  are  100  beds  in  the  hospital,  which  cost  for 
maintenance  over  $215,000  a  year. 


250  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

The  New  York  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital,  243  E.  34th  St.,  intended  for 
the  treatment  of  the  poor  afflicted  with  this  and  other  cutaneous  diseases. 

Harlem  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary,  144  E.  127th  St.,  furnishes 
gratuitous  medical  andsurgical  treatment  to  the  poor,  either  in  the  hospital 
or  at  their  homes. 

Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  103  Park  Ave.,  treats  free  of  charge 
and  receives  no  private  patients.     It  can  accommodate  50. 

The  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  218  Second  Ave.,  is  intended 
for  the  care  of  indigent  persons  suffering  from  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear  or 
throat.  A  school  for  advanced  instruction  in  the  treatment  of  these  diseases 
is  connected  therewith. 

New  York  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Institute,  46  E.  12th  St.,  admits 
persons  free  or  at  equitable  rates,  and  is  equipped  with  a  dispensary,  a  school 
of  ophthalmology  and  otology  for  advanced  instruction  to  medical  students. 

The  New  York  Ophthalmic  Hospital,  201  E.  23d  St.,  is  similar  in  its 
object  to  the  last,  but  homoeopathic  in  its  medical  principles.  Free  treatment 
was  given  to  over  13,000  patients,  and  nearly  56,000  prescriptions  were  pre- 
pared in  its  dispensary  last  year. 

New  York  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  Lexington 
Ave.  and  42d  St. ,  is  devoted  to  the  care  and  treatment  of  patients  suffering 
from  all  maladies  indicated  by  its  title.  In  its  wards  are  200  beds,  from 
which  the  contagious  cases  are  excluded.  Moderate  fees  are  collected  from 
those  able  to  pay.  Appliances  and  bandages  are  furnished  free  to  the  poor. 
Children  of  from  4  to  14  years  of  age  are  received  as  patients.  Last  year,  in 
the  dispensary  attached  to  this  institution,  over  8,000  sufferers  were  relieved. 
An  open  air  fund  provides  for  recreative  excursions  for  the  inmates. 

New  York  Pasteur  Institute,  founded  in  1890,  108  W.  10th  St.,  is  de- 
signed for  the  reception  and  treatment  of  patients  who  have  been  bitten  by 
rabid  animals  and  are  liable  to  suffer  from  hydrophobia,  and  for  the  study 
of  contagious  diseases.  Eight  hundred  and  twenty-eight  cases  were  re- 
ceived last  year,  of  which  five  hundred  and  ninety-seven  were  free.  Con- 
nected with  this  hospital  is  the  Bacteriological  Institute. 

Other  Important  Special  Hospitals  are: — All  Saints  Convalescent 
Home  for  Men  and  Boys,  521  E.  120th  St.,  Columbian  Institute  for  Chronic 
Diseases,  142  E.  34th  St.;  Home  for  Incurables,  3rd  Ave.  and  183rd  St. ; 
House  of  Rest  for  Consumptives,  1831  Anthony  Ave.;  House  of  the  Holy 
Comforter  for  Incurables,  149  Second  Ave. ;  Metropolitan  Throat  Hospital, 
351  W.  34th  St.;  Montefiore  Home  for  Chronic  Invalids,  138th  St.  and  Grand 
Boulevard;  New  Amsterdam  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  212  W.  38th  St.;  New 
York  Home  for  Convalescents,  433  E.  118th  St.;  New  York  Homoeopathic 
Hospital,  Ave.  A,  near  63rd  St.;  New  York  Orthopaedic  Dispensary  for  the 
treatment  of  deformities,  126  E.  59th  St.;  New  York  Post  Graduate  Medical 


BENEVOLENT  ORGANIZATIONS.  251 

School  Hospital,  226  E.  20th  St.;  St.  Andrew's  Convalescent  Hospital,  213 
E.  17th  St.;  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  84  Carmine  St.;  U.  S.  Marine 
Hospital,  Stapleton,  S.  I. ;  and  the  Special  Hospitals  of  the  Department 
of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  noticed  above. 

The  Chief  Hospitals  for  Women  and  Children  are: — Babies'  Hos- 
pital, Lexington  Ave.  and  35th  St. ;  Laura  Franklin  Free  Hospital  for  Chil- 
dren, 17-19  E.  1  nth  St.;  New  York  Female  Asylum  for  Lying-in  Women, 
139  Second  Ave.;  New  York  Foundling  Hospital,  175  E.  68th  St.;  New 
York  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Children  (in  the  dispensary  of  which 
nearly  30,000  patients  are  .treated  each  year),  5  Livingston  Place;  New 
York  Hospital  for  Women,  213  W.  54th  St. ;  Maternity  Hospital  of  the  Sis- 
ters of  Misericorde,  525  to  531  E.  86th  St. ;  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital, 
Lexington  Ave.  and  51st  St.;  St.  Andrews's  Free  Infirmary,  108  E.  128th 
St.;  St.  Mary's  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  405  W.  34th  St.;  Sloane  Ma- 
ternity Hospital,  59th  St.  and  10th  Ave.;  Women's  Hospital,  49th  St.,  near 
Lexington  Ave. 

The  American  Veterinary  Hospital,  141  W.  54th  St. ,  is  intended  for 
the  treatment  and  cure  of  sick  domestic  animals.  It  has  accommodations 
for  about  20  horses,  besides  kennels  for  many  dogs.  Free  treatment  is 
given  to  the  animals  of  poor  people,  but  those  who  are  able  are  required 
to  pay  reasonable  fees.     About  3,000  receive  attention  annually. 

The  Floating  Hospital  maintained  by  the  St.  John's  Guild  is  a 
charity  distinctive  of  the  metropolis,  and  is  intended  to  afford  relief  to  sick 
children  regardless  of  creed,  color  or  nationality.  For  this  purpose  a  barge 
has  been  fitted  up  as  a  floating  hospital  with  accommodations  for  several  hun- 
dred mothers  and  children.  Trips  are  made  to  the  Lower  Bay  on  every  day 
of  the  week  excepting  Saturday  and  Sunday  in  the  summer  months.  Last 
year  about  30,000  mothers  with  their  ailing  little  ones  were  benefited  by 
this  novel  hospital  service.  The  charity  depends  upon  voluntary  contribu- 
tions for  its  maintenance.     The  offices  of  the  Guild  are  at  101  5th  Ave. 

Dispensaries. 

All  the  principal  hospitals  in  the  city  maintain  free  dispensaries  for 
outdoor  patients,  in  each  of  which  many  thousands  receive  aid  annually. 
Besides  these  there  are  others  especially  devoted  to  the  work  of  diagnosing 
diseases  and  dispensing  medicine  among  the  worthy  poor.  Prominent 
among  such  are: — The  Demilt  Dispensary,  401  2nd  Av.,  at  which  about 
75,000  patients  are  treated  each  year,  and  66,000  prescriptions  are  dispensed; 
The  New  York  Dispensary,  Centre  and  White  Sts.,  giving  relief  through 
90,000  prescriptions  to  nearly  46,000  persons;  The  North-Eastern  Dispensary, 
222  E.  59th  St.  ,where  60,000  packages  of  medicine  were  filled  for  22,000  appli- 
cants; The*  North-Western  Dispensary,  36th  St.  and  9th  Av.,  equal  in  useful- 


252  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE   TO  NEW  YORK. 

ness  to  the  last;  and  the  Good  Samaritan  Dispensary  .which  last  year  furnish- 
ed aid  to  over  73,000  invalids.  The  work  done  by  these  few  will  give  some 
idea  of  the  inestimable  boon  conferred  upon  the  lower  classes  by  such  insti- 
tutions, of  which  there  are  about  75  scattered  throughout  the  city. 

Nurses. 

Training  Schools  for  Nurses  are  maintained  by  Bellevue,  New  York, 
Babies',  German,  Mt.  Sinai  and  St.  Luke's  Hospitals,  and  by  the  Children's 
Aid  Society  (287  E.  Broadway),  The  Du  Bois  Fund  (163  E.  36th  St.),  New 
York  Infirmary  for  Women,  and  the  New  York  Post  Graduate  College,  and 
by  many  other  societies  engaged  in  kindred  charitable  work.  Strangers 
requiring  the  services  of  trained  nurses  may  be  furnished  with  them  either 
directly  from  the  schools  or  through  the  attending  physician. 

Ambulances. 
Ambulances  are  kept  in  constant  readiness  at  about  a  dozen  of  the  larger 
hospitals  and  may  be  summoned  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  any  hour  by 
order  of  a  police  surgeon,  or  by  telegraph  from  any  police  station,  or  from 
any  fire-alarm  box  by  tapping  the  signal  key  twenty  times  and  sounding 
the  box  number.  They  are  used  for  the  transfer  of  accident  cases  and  non- 
contagious diseases  to  the  hospitals.  The  Health  Department  has  an  am- 
bulance and  coupe  service  connected  with  its  Disinfecting  Corps  at  138  Worth 
St. ,  employed  exclusively  in  the  removal  of  patients  suffering  from  contagi- 
ous diseases  to  the  Reception  Hospital,  ft.  E.  16th  St.  Each  ambulance  is 
accompanied  by  a  hospital  surgeon  in  uniform.  Cases  of  sudden  illness  re- 
ported to  the  police  are  immediately  attended  to  by  the  police  surgeons. 
Asylums  for  the  Insane. 

The  only  noteworthy  institution  for  the  insane  in  this  city  other  than 
those  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Department  of  Public  Charities  and 
Correction  on  Blackwell's,  Ward's  and  Randall's  Islands,  is  the  Bloomingdale 
Asylum  for  the  Insane,  in  117th  St.,  between  the  Boulevard  and  Amster-: 
dam  Ave.  Tfcis  home  is  controlled  by  the  Society  of  the  New  York  Hospital 
and  has  accommodations  for  300  inmates.  The  present  buildings  having 
been  deemed  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  the  institution,  more  commodious 
and  appropriate  quarters  are  in  process  of  erection  at  White  Plains  and  will 
soon  be  ready  for  occupancy.  Patients  are  admitted  on  special  terms  ar- 
ranged with  the  superintendent.  Each  inmate  pays  board  at  the  rate  of 
from  $5  to  $50  a  week. 

Many  other  asylums  outside  the  limits  of  the  city  receive  large  numbers 
of  insane  persons  from  the  metropolis. 

Homes  for  the  Aged  or  Infirm. 

New  York  possesses  many  institutions  entirely  devoted  to  the  care  of 


INV 

Should  get  information  about  our 
GUARANTEED 

Mortgages^ 


GUARANTEED 


Bonds         2  71% 

Gulf  Orange  Lands. 

We  have  had  22  Years'  Experience  in  Investments. 

j       NEVER  LOST  A  DOLLAR. 

In  every  instance  Interest  and  Principal  has  been  paid  at  maturity. 

WE   HAVE    RETURNED   TO    INVESTORS 

[  SI  7,402,000 

realizing  5  per  cent,  to   1  2  per  cent,  interest. 

We  never  handle  any  security  that  we  do  not  absolutely  control.  The 
ii  ves  nents  we  now  have  are  as  secure  as  any  we  have  ever  offered,  and 
pay  .  n  re  interest  than  any  we  have  offered  in  the  last  ten  years.  We 
can  refer  to  the  leading  banks  in  New  York,  and  to  our  4,600  patrons.  We 
are  under  the  supervision  of  the  Banking  Department  of  New  York  State. 

J.  B.  W  ATKINS  L.  M.  CO, 

2  Wall  St.,  corner  Broadway,  New  York. 


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Advertisements 

SJHOULD      BE     fREfARED     /rjNI  D 
f LACED    BY 

R.   W.AYJME  WlLSOJM   AJMD   ©OJVIP/rJW, 

211,  212  &  213  Tempi?  ^ourt, 


BENEVOLENT  ORGANIZATIONS.  253 

indigent  and  infirm  adults,  besides  others  that  assist  in  this  benevolent 
work. 

The  most  prominent  institution  of  this  class  in  the  city  will  be  Webb's 
Academy  and  Home  for  Ship  Builders,  now  in  course  of  erection  at  Sedg- 
wick Av.  and  Academy  St. ,  Fordham.  It  is  intended  to  afford  gratuitous 
aid  and  shelter  to  aged,  decrepit,  invalid,  indigent  or  unfortunate  men  who 
have  been  engaged  in  building  hulls  of  ships  or  vessels  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States.  The  same  relief  is  extended  to  their  wives.  The  institution 
also  provides  "  to  any  young  man,  a  native  or  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
who  may,  upon  examination,  prove  himself  competent,  of  good  character  and 
worthy,  gratuitous  education  in  the  art,  science  and  profession  of  ship- 
building and  marine  engine-building,  both  theoretical  and  practical,  to- 
gether with  board,  lodging  and  necessary  implements  and  materials  while 
obtaining  such  education."  It  is  supported  by  an  endowment  of  $2,000,000 
and  owes  its  existence  to  the  philanthropy  of  Mr.  William  Henry  Webb. 

The  largest  homes  particularly  devoted  to  the  care  of  the  aged  and  in- 
firm of  either  sex  are  the  two  institutions  maintained  by  the  community  of 
the  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  one  at  213  E.  70th  St.  and  the  other  at  135  W. 
106th  St.  Persons  of  any  sect  are  admitted.  The  joint  accommodation  of 
these  houses  is  500. 

Next  in  size  is  St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Aged,  209  W.  15th  St.,  for 
respectable  poor  women  over  60  years  of  age,  of  whom  350  are  cared  for 
annually  by  this  institution. 

The  Isabella  Hermiath  Home,  Amsterdam  Av.  and  190th  St.,  has  174 
beds,  of  which  156  are  free  to  all  aged  persons  of  fair  average  health  who 
are  unable  to  support  themselves. 

Other  institutions  of  this  class  are: — Baptist  Home  for  the  Aged  and 
Infirm,  68th  St.,  between  Park  and  Lexington  Aves. ;  Baptist  Ministers' 
Home,  2020  Vyse  St.;  Chapin  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  151  E.  66th 
St. ;  Colored  Home  and  Hospital,  65th  St.  and  First  Av. ;  Home  for  Aged 
and  Infirm  Hebrews,  125  W.  105th  St.;  Home  for  Incurables,  i82d  St.  and 
Third  Ave. ;  Home  for  the  Aged  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion^ 
330  Sixth  Av. ;  Home  for  Aged  and  Indigent  Females,  Amsterdam  Av.  and 
104th  St.;  Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm  Deaf  Mutes,  9  W.  18th  St.,  Home 
for  Sailors,  197  Cherry  St.;  Home  for  Friendless  Young  Women,  32  E.  30th 
St.;  Home  for  Protestant  Immigrant  Girls,  27  State  St. ;  Home  for  the  Relief 
of  the  Destitute  Blind,  104th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Av. ;  Home  for  Young 
Women,  27  Washington  Square;  Home  of  the  Holy  Family,  138  Second 
Av. ;  Home  Hotel  Association,  158  St.  Ann's  Av.,  which  provides  shelter 
for  needy  professional  persons;  Home  for  Old  Men  and  Aged  Couples,  487 
to  491  Hudson  St.;  Leo  Home  for  German  Catholic  Immigrants,  6  State  St.; 
Lutheran  Immigrant  House,   26  State  St.;  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 


254  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Home,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  92d  St.;  Montefiore  Home  for  Chronic  In- 
valids, Boulevard  and  W.  138th  St.;  New  Sailors'  Home,  338  Pearl  St.,  Pea- 
body  Home  for  Aged  and  Indigent  Women,  2064  Boston  Road;  Presby- 
terian Home  for  Aged  Women,  49  E.  73d  St. ;  St.  Luke's  Home  for  Indigent 
Christian  Females,  Madison  A  v.  and  89th  St.;  St.  Philip's  Parish  Home, 
127  W.  30th  St.;  Samaritan  Home  for  the  Aged,  444  W.  22d  St.;  Swiss 
Home,  108  Second  Av.;  Trinity  Chapel  Home,  221  W.  24th  St.,  and  Veteran 
Firemen's  Home,  131  W.  14th  St. 

The  public  institutions  of  this  kind,  as  described  above,  are  situated  on 
the  islands  in  the  East  River. 

Juvenile  Asylums  and  Schools  for  the  Defective. 

New  York  abounds  in  large  and  well  appointed  homes  for  the  young  of 
every  age,  race  or  religion.  Many  of  these  occupy  extensive  and  hand- 
some buildings,  frequently  attractive  by  reason  of  their  architectural  design, 
their  conspicuous  position  and  appropriate  surroundings. 

The  following  are  especially  noteworthy: — 

Asylum  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  215  W.  39th  St.,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  church  of  the  same  name,  receives  and  educates,  both  in  secular  and 
religious  branches,  destitute  orphans,  half  orphans  and  friendless  children 
of  both  sexes.  It  has  accommodations  for  250,  and  provides  annually  seaside 
excursions  for  its  inmates. 

Colored  Orphan  Asylum,  Boulevard  and  143d  St.,  receives  orphans  of 
both  sexes  from  2  to  10  years  of  age,  and  instructs  them  in  the  ordinary  in- 
dustrial branches  of  education.  The  institution  accommodates  315  children, 
and  is  open  to  visitors  on  Mondays  and  Fridays  from  10  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M. 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  136th  St.,  is  adminis- 
tered by  the  United  Hebrew  Charities'  Association.  Its  building  is  one  of 
the  most  conspicuous  in  this  quarter  of  the  city  and  occupies  tastefully  laid 
out  grounds.  Five  hundred  and  seventy-two  orphans  and  half  orphans  of 
both  sexes  are  accommodated.  The  cost  of  maintenance  is  about  $150,000  a 
year.   Industrial  training  forms  part  of  the  educational  work  of  the  institution. 

St.  Joseph's  Industrial  Home  for  Destitute  Children,  Madison  Ave. 
and  81st  St.,  is  dedicated  to  the  protection  and  education  of  destitute  young 
girls  of  good  character,  and  homeless  little  children  3  years  old  and  up- 
wards, committed  to  its  care  by  the  courts.  Its  capacity  is  750.  It  is  under 
the  control  of  the  Sisters  of  Mercy  and  is  partly  supported  from  the  public 
charitable  funds.  With  it  is  connected  a  House  of  Mercy  for  the  care  of 
respectable  young  women  and  girls,  for  whom  employment  is  secured  after 
they  are  trained  to  useful  pursuits 

Ladies'  Deborah  Nursery  and  Child's  Protectory,  for  males,  95  to  103 
E.  Broadway  and  83  Henry  St.;  for  females,  i62d  St.,  near  Eagle  Ave., 


BENEVOLENT  ORGANIZATIONS.  255 

cares  for  and  educates  poor  Hebrew  children  committed  to  it  by  legal 
authority.  Its  inmates  are  instructed  in  trades  and  housekeeping  until 
capable  of  self-support.  Food  and  shelter  are  provided  for  every  child  who 
may  be  deemed  worthy.  Former  inmates  when  out  of  employment  are 
sheltered  and  fed.     Three  hundred  and  fifty  find  a  home  in  this  institution. 

Leake  and  Watts'  Orphan  Asylum,  adjoining  St.  Vincent  Academy, 
on  the  northern  boundary  line  of  the  city,  near  the  Hudson  River,  has  ac- 
commodations for  200  full  orphans  in  destitute  circumstances,  irrespective 
of  sect  or  nationality. 

Home  of  the  Mission  of  the  Immaculate  Virgin,  Lafayette  Place  and 
Great  Jones  St. ,  is  a  temporary  and  permanent  home  for  any  destitute 
boys  under  16  years  of  age.  Provides  secular  and  religious  education,  and 
particularly  teaches  habits  of  industry  and  self-reliance.  Newsboys,  boot- 
blacks, and  others  able  to  pay  are  boarded  for  $2  a  week ;  in  extreme 
cases  meals,  lodging,  and  sometimes  clothing,  are  provided  free.  The  cost 
of  maintenance  is  annually  about  $135,000.  Visitors  are  admitted  at  any 
hour. 

New  York  Foundling  Hospital,  175  E.  68th  St.,  is  primarily  a  home 
for  foundlings  and  abandoned  children  born  in  this  city.  The  mothers  of 
infants  who  are  willing  to  act  as  nurses  are  received.  Between  500  and  600 
little  ones  are  tenderly  cared  for  in  this  asylum,  and  about  1,100  others  are 
ministered  to  in  their  homes.  Children  are  sent  to  suitable  homes  in  the 
West.  Last  year  the  expenditure  amounted  to  over  $282,000,  of  which 
140,000  was  paid  for  the  services  of  nurses  in  the  out-door  department.  The 
nurses  invariably  have  families,  and  employ  the  money  they  thus  receive 
in  the  payment  of  rent.  Visitors  are  welcome  on  the  first  Tuesday  of  each 
month,  from  2  to  4  P.  M.  The  Children's  and  Maternity  Hospitals  and 
the  St.  John's  Day  Nursery  are,  annexed  to  this  institution. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  for  Males,  Fifth  Ave.,  from  51st 
to  52d  St.;  for  Females,  Madison  Ave.,  from  51st  to  52d  St.,  are  the  most 
spacious  institutions  of  this  class  in  the  central  part  of  the  city.  Their  joint 
capacity  is  about  900.  Orphans  and  half  orphans  are  admitted  between  the' 
ages  of  4  and  9  years.  Another  large  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  is 
St.  Joseph's,  at  89th  St.  and  Avenue  A,  which  accommodates  750  children, 
and,  like  the  two  just  named,  is  supported  partly  by  voluntary  contributions 
and  partly  by  the  public  charity  and  school  funds. 

Other  institutions  of  this  type  are  : — Asylum  of  the  Sisters  of  St. 
Dominic,  137  to  143  Second  St. ;  Berachah  Orphanage,  13th  St.,  near  First  Ave.  ; 
Children's  Fold,  92d  St.  and  Eighth  Ave. ;  Day  Nursery  and  Babies'  Shelter, 
118  W.  21st  St.;  Dominican  Convent  Home,  329  E.  63d  St.;  Eighth  Ward 
Mission  Home,  1  Charlton  St.;  Messiah  Home  for  Little  Children,  4  Ruther- 
ford Place;  New  York  Infant  Asylum,  for  illegitimate  children,  Amsterdam 


256  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Ave.  and  Gist  St.;  Orphanage  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  400  E. 
50th  St.;  Orphan  Asylum,  Riverside  Drive  and  73d;  St. ;  P.  E.  Orphans' 
Home  and  Asylum,  49th  St.,  between  Fourth  and  Lexington  Aves.;  St. 
Agatha's  Home  for  Children,  209  W.  15th  St.;  St.  Ann's  Home  for  Destitute 
Children,  Avenue  A  and  90th  St.;  St.  Christopher's  Home,  Riverside  Ave. 
and  112th  St.;  St.  Elizabeth's  Industrial  School  and  Home,  235  E.  14th  St.; 
St.  James'  Home,  21  Oliver  and  26  James  St.;  Sheltering  Arms,  Amsterdam 
Ave.  and  129th  St.;  Shepherd's  Fold,  (P.  E.)  Eighth  Ave.  and92dSt.; 
Home  of  the  P.  E.  Sisterhood  of  Lie  Good  Shepherd,  419  W.  19th  St. ; 
Protestant  Half-Orphan  Asylum,  Manhattan  Ave.,  near  104th  St.;  St. 
Martha's  Industrial  School  and  Home,  34  W.  22d  St. ;  and  St.  Joseph's 
Institution  for  Deaf  Mutes,  772  E.  188th  St. 

Asylums  for  Defective  Children,  which  deserve  notice,  are: — 

Institution  for  the  Improved  Instruction  of  Deaf  Mutes,  904 — 922 
Lexington  Ave. ,  where  deaf-mute  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age  are 
taught  to  use  articulate  sounds.  Pupils  able  to  pay  are  charged  $400  a 
year;  others  are  admitted  free.  The  most  novel  and  improved  methods  of 
teaching  are  employed.  The  institution  accommodates  200,  and  is  semi- 
public  in  its  character. 

The  New  York  Institution  for  the  Blind,  9th  Ave.  and  34th  St.,  re- 
ceives and  educates  blind  children  and  youths  from  8  to  25  years  of  age.  The 
well-to-do  are  charged  $300  a  year,  and  the  rest  are  admitted  free.  The  in- 
mates number  about  240.  Strangers  may  visit  the  institution  on  Wednesdays 
from  9  A.  M.  to  4  P.  M. 

New  Yop  '<:  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  nth  Ave.  and  163rd  St. , 
has  accommodations  for  500  inmates  and  receives  children  from  6  to  12  years 
of  age  regardless  of  the  circumstances  of  their  parents.  Non-residents  of 
the  State  are  charged  $300  a  year.  In  the  industrial  department  each  pupil 
is  taught  a  mechanical  trade  by  which  he  may  gain  a  livelihood  on  leaving 

the  school. 

Reformatories. 

In  no  branch  of  Metropolitan  charities  is  more  activity  manifested 
than  in  the  work  of  reforming  the  city's  wayward  children.  Perhaps  the 
most  famous  charity  in  this  field  is  the  Catholic  Protectory,  which  annually 
shelters  and  seeks  to  reform  over  3,000  idle,  truant,  vicious  or  homeless 
waifs,  in  its  home  at  Westchester,  Westchester  County.  The  offices  of  the 
Protectory  are  at  415  Broome  St.  It  is  supported  by  voluntary  contributions, 
oy  the  labor  of  its  inmates,  and  by  an  allowance  from  the  public  funds. 
The  annual  expenditure  exceeds  $428,000. 

The  following  should  also  be  noticed: 

The  Nkw  York  Juvenile  Asylum,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  176th  St.,  last 
year  ministered  to  the  wants  and  correction  of  1579  truant  and  disobedient 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS.  257 

children  of  both  sexes.  With  the  Reception  Home  it  has  a  capacity  for 
1,050  inmates,  and  costs  annually  for  maintenance  about  $123,000. 

Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society's  Orphan  Asylum,  nth  Ave. 
and  151st  St.,  is  a  home  for  556  Jewish  children,  forbidden  admittance  to 
other  institutions. 

Ex-Convicts'  Home,  224  W.  63rd  St. ,  gives  employment  and  shelter  to 
discharged  criminals  who  express  a  desire  to  reform.  It  is  non-sectarian 
and  accommodates  150  men,  who  assist  in  its  support  by  manufacturing 
and  selling  brooms,  brushes  and  other  useful  articles. 

The  Inebriate  Home,  Madison  Ave.  and  86th  St. ,  is  open  to  all  intem- 
perate persons  willing  to  be  reclaimed  by  religious  influences.  The  impe- 
cunious are  admitted  free;  others  pay  from  $8  to  $20  a  week. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  ft.  E.  90th  St.,  is  for  the  reformation  of 
intemperate  and  fallen  women  and  girls  committed  by  the  magistrates.  Its 
inmates  number  435. 

Other  important  reformatories  are  : — Door  of  Hope,  for  girls,  102  E. 
61st  St.;  Florence  Night  Mission,  21  Bleecker  St.;  Wetmore  Home,  for  girls, 
49  S.Washington  Sq. ;  House  of  Mercy,  for  women,  Inwood;  Margaret 
Strachan  Home  for  Women,  103  W.  27th  St.;  Women's  Prison  Association 
and  Home,  no  Second  Ave. ;  and  the  public  reformatory  on  Randall's  Island. 

Day  Nurseries. 

Day  Nurseries,  of  which  there  are  about  30  in  the  city,  are  organized 
for  the  care  of  infants  during  the  hours  of  the  day  when  their  mothers  are 
forced  to  be  absent  at  work.  This  is  one  of  the  most  distinctive  and  com- 
mendable of  the  metropolitan  charities,  and  has  brought  relief  to  hundreds 
of  anxious  parents  and  saved  the  lives  of  thousands  of  little  ones.  Little 
children,  as  well  as  mere  infants,  are  taken  care  of,  instructed  in  kinder- 
garten schools,  and  provided  with  the  means  of  innocent  amusement.  In 
the  majority  of  these  nurseries  a  nominal  fee,  ranging  from  two  to  five  cents 
a  day,  is  charged  for  the  service  rendered.  The  principal  Day  Nurseries 
are :— Riverside,  121  W.  63d  St.;  St.  Joseph's,  473  W.  57th  St.;  Sunnysidc, 
51  Prospect  Place:  Wayside,  216  E.  20th  St.;  and  those  of  the  Wilson  Mis- 
sions, 125  St.  Mark's  Place. 

Houses  of  Refuge,  Free  Lodging's  and  Meals. 

About  300  benevolent  institutions  and  societies  are  devoted  entirely  or 
in  part  to  the  relief  of  distress  of  a  temporary  character.  Their  individual 
beneficiaries  aggregate  many  hundreds  of  thousands  annually.  Only  a  few 
of  the  most  prominent  of  such  charities  can  here  be  cited. 

Children's  Aid  Society,  29  St.  Mark's  Place,  devotes  its  energies  to  the 
elevation  of  the  poor  by  gathering  children  who  attend  no  schools  into  its 


258  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

industrial  schools.  It  also  provides  temporary  lodging  houses  and  procures 
permanent  homes  in  the  rural  districts  of  the  West.  This  society  cared  for 
over  36,000  children  last  year  at  a  cost  of  $362,000.  Twenty-two  day  and 
9  night  Industrial  Schools  are  maintained  in  different  parts  of  the  city  by  this 
society,  in  which  10,464  children  were  taught,  and  partly  clothed  and  fed  last 
year.  To  these  alone  697,080  free  meals  were  furnished.  In  the  lodging- 
house  12,252  different  boys  and  girls  were  given  shelter,  293,767  meals  were 
furnished,  and  220,000  beds  provided.  Some  of  the  lodging-houses  have 
training  schools  for  their  inmates  attached,  in  which  girls  are  taught  type- 
writing, dressmaking,  sewing  machine  and  laundry  work,  and  crippled 
boys  learn  to  make  brushes  and  other  useful  articles.  Under  the  control  of 
this  society  are  the  following : — East  Side  Flower  Mission,  287  E.  Broadway, 
which  distributes  daily,  during  the  summer  months,  flowers  among  the  sick 
and  poor  ;  Free  Reading  Rooms  for  Young  Men,  206  Bleecker  St. ;  Health 
Home,  at  West  Coney  Island,  with  cottages  and  dormitories  for  the  recep- 
tion of  mothers  and  their  sick  little  ones,  which  provided  last  year  accom- 
modations and  recreation  for  4,721  parties  ;  Sick  Children's  Mission,  287  E. 
Broadway,  wit  h  a  staff  of  10  physicians  and  4  nurses  who  visit  the  sick  poor 
in  their  homes  ;  and  the  Summer  Home,  at  Bath  Beach,  L.  I.,  which  pro- 
vided last  year  for  4,574  children  a  week's  rest  and  vacation. 

American  Female  Guardian  Society  and  Home  for  the  Friendless, 
29  E.  29th  St.  and  32  E.  30th  St.,  maintains  a  home  for  destitute,  respect- 
able young  women  and  American  widows  with  small  children,  without  em- 
ployment, friends  or  shelter,  and  12  Industrial  Schools  with  an  enrollment 
of  nearly  6,000  pupils — children  whose  families  are  too  poor  to  clothe  them 
properly. 

New  York  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  79 
Fourth  Ave. ,  is  designed  to  elevate  the  moral  and  physical  condition  of  the 
indigent  and  to  afford  them  necessary  temporal  relief.  During  the  summer 
"Ocean  Parties,"  comprising  from  500  to  1,000  inmates  of  the  crowded 
tenement  houses,  are  taken  twice  a  week  to  near-by  watering  places,  where 
lunch  and  opportunities  for  bathing  are  provided.  The  beneficiaries  of 
this  society  numbered  last  year  nearly  38,000,  in  addition  to  which  over 
25,000  visits  were  made.  The  society  is  supported  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions. 

New  York  Two  Cent  Diet  Kitchen,  300  Avenue  A,  supplies  food  and 
drink  at  the  nominal  price  of  two  cents  for  each  dish,  upon  week  days  from 
6  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.,  and  on  Sunday  from  7  to  10  A.  M.,  and  from  12  to  2  P.  M. 
A  charity  similar  to  this  is  under  the  care  of  the  N.  Y.  Diet  Kitchen  Associa- 
tion. 

Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  2  Lafayette  Place,  has  51  conferences 
within  the  city  limits.     This   Society  has  for  one  of  its  chief  objects  the 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS.  259 

visitation  of  the  poor  in  their  dwellings,  and  the  carrying  to  them  of  succor 
in  kind.  Its  headquarters  are  in  Paris,  but  the  Superior  Council  for  the 
United  States  meets  in  this  city  at  the  above  address.  Nearly  all  the 
Catholic  Churches  in  the  city  have  a  separate  conference.  The  works  of  this 
Society  are  numerous,  and  embrace  almost  every  field  of  charitable  endeavor. 
United  Hebrew  Charities  of  the  City  of  New  York,  128  Second 
Av. ,  embraces  4  distinct  societies  and  the  Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  (des- 
cribed above).  These  societies  relieve  the  worthy  Hebrew  poor  by  appro- 
priate aid,  encourage  thrift  and  economy,  grant  small  loans,  provide  em- 
ployment, lodgings  and  meals  for  the  destitute,  furnish  nurses,  physicians 
and  medicine  for  the  sick,  and  industrial  instruction  for  the  young.  Per- 
sons unable  to  earn  a  living  in  New  York  are  transported  to  Europe,  or 
other  places  in  the  United  States.  The  number  of  persons  assisted  last 
year  was  28,696. 

Ladies'  Fuel  and  Aid  Society,  199  Henry  St.,  distributes  coal,  provis- 
ions, clothing  and  medicine  to  worthy  and  suffering  families,  over  1,500  of 
which  received  assistance  last  year. 

St.  Mary's  Lodging  House  for  Sheltering  Respectable  Girls,  143 
W.  14th  St.,  provides  a  home  for  saleswomen,  operators,  typewriters,  steno- 
graphers, companions,  nurses  and  others,  not  properly  domestic  servants, 
while  seeking  employment.  The  number  of  applicants  last  year  was  over 
2,000.  Affiliated  with  this  are  the  St.  Clare  House,  25  W.  16th  St.,  a  board- 
ing house  for  orphaned  young  women;  St.  Ann's  Home,  152  W.  15th  St., 
and  St.  Joseph's  Night  Refuge,  143  W.  14th  St.,  open  to  all  homeless  wo- 
men. In  the  latter  home  3,572  females  were  sheltered  and  7,300  meals 
furnished  during  1891. 

Hebrew  Free  School  Association,  Hebrew  Institute,  cor.  East 
Broadway  and  Jefferson  St.,  maintains  a  kindergarten,  girls'  industrial 
and  boys'  technical  schools,  with  an  enrollment  of  3,197  pupils,  to  about 
2,700  of  whom  the  association  furnishes  free  midday  meals,  clothing,  &c. 

Ladies'  Home  Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
63  Park  St.,  supports  the  following  charities: — Five  Points  Mission,  63  Park 
St.,  where  last  year  about  7,000 different  persons  and  families  received  as- 
sistance, and  over  91,000  dinners  were  served.  This  mission  embraces  the 
Shoe  Club,  Cooking  School,  Day  School  with  820  children,  Free  Library, 
Fresh  Air  Fund  and  Sewing  Schools. 

United  Relief  Works  of  the  Society  for  Ethical  Culture,  109  W. 
54th  St.,  supports  schools  for  the  children  of  workingmen,  encourages  social 
improvement,  provides  excursions  for  the  young,  and  sends  nurses  into  the 
homes  of  the  destitute  sick. 

Wilson  Industrial  School  and  Missions,  125  St.  Mark's  Place,  are 
equipped  with  a  circulating  library,   day  nursery,   day  school,  kitchen   gar- 


260  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

den  and  cooking  classes,  dispensary,  visiting  clubs,  memorial  chapel  and 
boys'  social  clubs. 

Five  Points  House  of  Industry,  155  Worth  St.,  devotes  its  energies 
chiefly  to  the  prevention  of  crime  and  suffering  among  children,  provides 
for  their  education  and  furnishes  them  with  a  home.  Its  inmates  numbered 
last  year  about  700,  and  in  the  annexed  dispensary  about  1,500  cases  of 
sickness  received  treatment. 

St.  Barnabas'  House,  304  and  306  Mulberry  St.,  managed  by  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  Missionary  Society,  is  a  refuge  for  homeless  women  and 
women  discharged  from  hospitals  cured  but  requiring  rest.  The  home 
recognizes  no  distinction  of  creed,  race  or  color,  and  provides  shelter  also 
for  homeless  children.  About  1,700  were  cared  for  last  year,  and  over 
82,000  meals  were  furnished.  The  institution  embraces  a  Dispensary,  an 
Employment  Society,  Free  Day  Nursery,  Free  Library,  Fresh  Air  Fund, 
providing  weekly  excursions  for  sick  women  and  children,  and  Sewing  and 
Houskeeeping  Schools. 

Summer  Homes  and  Excursions  for  the  Poor. 

No  form  of  charity  is  more  distinctively  metropolitan  in  its  character 
than  this,  which  is  intended  to  provide  vacations  in  the  country  for  those 
who  would  otherwise  never  get  beyond  the  city  limits.  A  score  of  non- 
sectarian  societies  and  many  charities  have  undertaken  the  work,  and  it  is 
not  an  uncommon  sight  to  see  on  the  ferry  boats  or  at  the  great  railway  or 
steamboat  depots,  throughout  the  summer  months,  throngs  of  jubilant  chil- 
dren of  both  sexes  intent  upon  a  day's  sport  in  the  country  or  a  trip  down 
the  bay.  Among  the  funds,  &c,  which  make  provision  for  this  health- 
giving  charity  are  the  following: — The  Tribune  Fresh  Air  Fund,  Tribune 
Building,  which  last  year  sent  nearly  30,000  children  to  the  country  for 
periods  ranging  from  one  day  to  a  fortnight;  the  Summer  Homes  of  All 
Souls'  (Rev.  R.  Heber  Newton's)  P.  E.  Church  at  Sea  Cliff,  L.  I.;  "Life's" 
Fresh  Air  Fund;  and  the  Working  Girls'  Vacation  Society,  222  W.  38th  St. 
Special  Relief  and  Special  Funds. 

There  are  in  the  city  about  200  societies  and  funds  for  the  relief  of  immi- 
grants and  the  assistance  of  persons  of  every  profession  and  calling.  Some 
of  these  even  provide  burial  for  the  poor,  and  legal  aid,  pensions,  loans, &c, 
for  the  unfortunate  and  need}7.  Among  the  special  charities  should  be  men- 
tioned:— 

Baron  Hirsch  Fund,  45  Broadway,  for  the  benefit  of  Russian  Rouman- 
ian Hebrew  Immigrants,  who  have  been  in  this  country  not  longer  than 
two  years.  Its  objects  are  to  Americanize  its  proteges  by  teaching  them  to 
become  good  citizens  and  to  prevent  by  all  proper  means  their  congregating 
in  large  cities.     It  furnishes  mechanics  with  tools,  teaches  easily-acquired 


BENEVOLENT   ORGANIZATIONS.  261 

trades,  pays  entrance  fees  into  trades  unions,  loans  small  sums  to  help  to- 
ward self  support,  but  gives  no  alms  or  charitable  relief.  It  transports 
laborers  to  points  where  their  work  is  in  demand.  It  establishes  day  and 
night  schools  for  children  and  adults,  wherein  are  taught  the  elementary 
branches  of  English,  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  improved 
sanitary  habits.  The  fund  owes  its  origin  to  the  magnanimity  of  Baron 
Hirsch,  the  wealthy  banker  of  Berlin,  Germany. 

Actors'  Fund  of  America  grants  relief  (from  funds  annually  collected 
by  benefit  performances  in  all  the  theatres  throughout  the  United  States  and 
dues  from  members)  to  naedy  actors,  singers,  musicians  and  others  inter- 
ested in  the  management  of,  or  who  earn  a  living  from  any  theatre  or  rep- 
utable place  of  amusement.  To  augment  the  fund  a  fair  was  held  during 
the  winter  of  1892  in  the  Madison  Square  Garden  at  which  $200,000  was 
realized. 

The  New  York  Bible  and  Fruit  Mission,  416-422  E.  26th  St.,  provides 
fruit  and  other  delicacies  to  the  destitute  sick  in  the  wards  of  the  public 
hospitals,  and  distributes  food,  flowers  and  reading  matter  among  the 
poorer  classes.  Its  annual  beneficiaries  number  hundreds  of  thousands.  The 
mission  maintains  a  chapel,  a  corps  of  visiting  readers,  a  coffee  house,  a 
lodging  house,  a  broom  factory,  a  penny  provident  fund,  a  reading  room 
and  circulating  library,  kitchen  garden  and  sewing  classes,  and  fresh  air 
and  loan  relief  funds. 


©JHURCJHES. 


Their  History — Present  Position  —  Music  —  List  of  the  More  Important 
the  Names  of  their  Pastors. 


New  York  is  pre-eminent  among  the  cities  of  the  world,  vieing  even  with 
London,  in  the  wealth,  variety  and  numerical  strength  of  the  religious  sects 
worshipping  within  its  limits.  Adherents  of  almost  every  sect  in  Christen- 
dom and  believers  in  some  of  the  oriental  cults  are  to  be  found  here. 
Spiritualism,  theosophy,  and  the  host  of  other  religio-philosophical  move- 
ments have  large  and  influential  followings  in  the  metropolis.  So  diversi- 
fied are  the  forms  of  worship  here  that  the  student  of  comparative  religion 
could  scarcely  find  a  better  field  for  research  and  practical  observation. 

The  cosmopolitan  character  of  the  city  is  strongly  emphasized  by  its 
polyglot  congregations.  Divine  worship  is  conducted  in  this  city  in  nearly 
every  tongue  of  Europe,  including  Russian  and  Greek  ;  while  to  the  theolog- 
ical student  in  New  York  at  least,  Latin,  Greek  and  Hebrew  cannot  be  appro- 
priately regarded  as  dead  languages,  for  in  them  he  may  hear  rituals  recited 
daily  throughout  the  year.  New  York  contains  in  all  about  590  places  of 
worship,  with  an  aggregate  seating  capacity  of  about  300,000.  This  aggre- 
gate may  seem  in  itself  large,  but  in  view  of  the  population  of  the  metrop- 
olis, it  is  really  small,  for  if  every  resident  determined  to  attend  church 
upon  any  particular  occasion,  less  than  one-sixth  of  the  people  could  find 
accommodation.  The  value  of  the  property  owned  by  the  religious  bodies 
in  the  city  is  computed  at  $75,000,000,  and  the  annual  contributions  amount 
to  many  millions  of  dollars.  The  majority  of  the  great  charities  are  either 
directly  created  by  or  are  permanently  dependent  upon  the  benevolence  of 
the  city  churches.  There  is  not  a  field  of  Home  and  City  Mission  work 
that  is  not  occupied  more  or  less  completely  and  effectively  by  the  city 
churches. 

Those  who  delight  in  seeing  churches  beautiful  in  their  architectural 
design  and  handsome  in  their  interior  decorations  and  appointments,  will 
find  here  much  to  excite  their  admiration.  This  particular  feature  of  the 
churches  will  be  found  described  in  the  chapter  upon  architecture. 

In  the  matter  of  music  the  churches  of  New  York  afford  an  infinite 
variety  of  choice — from  the  simplest  style  of  congregational  singing,  led  by 


CHURCHES.  .  263 

a  precentor,  with  "  lined  hymns,"  and  without  the  accompaniment  of  in- 
struments of  any  description,  to  the  most  elaborate  exemplification  of  the 
cathedral  form  of  service,  and  the  impressionable  estheticism  of  the  so- 
called  Anglican  ritual. 

The  most  complete  illustration  of  the  choral,  or  cathedral,  school  any- 
where known  outside  of  St.  Paul's  in  London  or  Westminster  Abbey,  is 
found  at  the  mother  church  of  Trinity  Parish — "Old  Trinity,"  at  the  head 
of  Wall  street,  in  Broadway.  It  was  here  that  this  particular  form  of  church 
music,  which  has  since  become  so  largely  the  vogue,  first  took  root  in  this 
country,  through  the  exertions  of  the  eminent  organist  and  composer,  Dr. 
Hodges.  Here,  too,  the  introduction  of  "  surpliced"  choirs,  composed  ex- 
clusively of  boys  and  men,  was  successfully  accomplished,  thanks  to  the 
persistence  and  energy  of  Dr.  Henry  Stephen  Butler,  and  with  the  result 
that,  in  the  hardly  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  which  has  elapsed  since 
the  effort  was  first  undertaken,  more  than  one-half  of  the  churches  of  the 
Episcopal  communion  in  this  city,  or  forty  of  the  seventy-five,  have  fol- 
lowed in  the  footsteps  of  Trinity  in  this  respect. 

In  the  progress  of  events  the  surpliced  choir  has  given .  place  to  the 
"  vested,"  and  while  these  terms  are  used  interchangeably,  and  apply  with 
equal  pertinency  in  the  designation  of  the  body  of  singers,  they  possess, 
nevertheless,  a  distinct  significance.  Originally  the  boys  in  Trinity  wore 
simply  a  white  surplice,  covering  the  wearer  from  neck  to  feet.  Subse- 
quently, as  the  choir  came  to  be  regarded  as  being  an  acknowledged  and 
indispensable  adjunct  to  the  clergy  in  the  conduct  of  the  worship  of  the 
church,  the  surplice  was  replaced  by  vestments  more  nearly  approaching 
those  of  the  priesthood.  These  consisted  of  a  black  cassock,  over  which  a 
white  cotta  with  wide-flowing  sleeves  is  worn.  Hence  the  term,  "vested 
choirs." 

Within  a  few  years  past  the  choirs  of  boys  and  men  have  been  re- 
inforced in  at  least  three  instances  of  churches  in  this  city  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  women  singers.  In  the  case  of  the  latter,  who  are  also  vested,  as 
stated,  the  vestments  are  supplemented  with  a  modification  of  the  beretta 
or  skull  cap,  with  a  view  of  securing  not  alone  uniformity,  but  of  heeding 
the  admonition  of  St.  Paul  in  respect  of  woman  in  the  church. 

A  full  Cathedral  morning  and  communion  service  is  sung  at  Trinity 
every  Sunday  in  the  year,  and  a  complete  choral  service  in  the  afternoon. 
On  high  festival  occasions  the  great  and  chancel  organs  of  the  church  are 
supplemented  by  the  Philharmonic  Orchestra.  The  choir  consists  of  thirty 
boys  and  men,  and  the  music  is  under. the  direction  of  Dr.  Arthur  H.  Mes- 
siter,  who  has  served  continuously  as  organist  and  choirmaster  of  Trinity 
for  more  than  twenty-five  years. 

Among  the  seven  auxiliary  churches  comprised  in  Trinity  Parish,  St. 


264  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

John's  Chapel,  Varick  street,  holds  a  commanding  place  for  the  high  order 
and  excellence  of  the  musical  services  set  forward  by  Mr.  George  F.  Le 
Jeune.  These  are  of  a  somewhat  lighter  character  than  those  of  the  parent 
church,  the  programmes  containing  a  greater  number  of  the  productions  of 
American  musicians.  At  Trinity  Chapel,  West  Twenty-fifth  street,  where 
the  venerable  Dr.  Walter  B.  Gilbert  is  organist  and  choirmaster,  a  happy 
medium  is  preserved  between  the  Cathedral  and  modern  schools  of  music, 
and  this  is  the  fact  also  at  St.  Agnes'  Chapel,  West  Ninety-second  street, 
which  possesses  a  most  promising  choir,  organized  within  the  current  year 
by  G.  Edward  Stubbs,  and  containing  some  remarkably  fine  boys'  voices. 
St.  Paul's  Chapel,  at  Broadway  and  Fulton  street,  the  historic  church  con- 
nected with  Trinity  corporation,  is  the  only  one  in  the  parish  where  the 
mixed- voice  choir  is  still  adhered  to,  and  in  which  familiar  and  congrega- 
tional music  is  sung  bv  a  double  quartette  and  a  chorus  choir  of  twenty- 
seven  voices,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Leo  Kofler. 

The  Episcopal  churches  referred  to  as  maintaining  vested  choirs  com- 
posed in  part  of  women  singing  are  St.  George's,  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  S. 
Rainsford;  All  Souls',  the  Rev.  R.  Heber  Newton,  and  St.  Ignatius,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Arthur  Ritchie.  At  St.  George's  the  feature  of  the  musical  services 
prepared  by  Mr.  William  S.  Chester  is  their  brilliancy  and  the  care  with 
which  they  are  performed;  the  services  at  All  Souls'  are  deservedly  noted 
for  their  stateliness  and  artistic  worth,  classic  music  preponderating  in  the 
selections  of  Mr.  Richard  Henry  Warren,  the  musical  director,  while  at  St. 
Ignatius,  where  Mr.  Charles  Baier  is  the  organist  and  choirmaster,  special 
attention  is  paid  to  the  production  of  the  masses  of  Gounod,  Weber,  Mo- 
zart, Haydn,  and  kindred  composers.  In  this  regard  the  last-named,  which 
is  classed  in  the  category  of  the  Ritualistic  churches,  finds  a  fitting  com- 
panion in  the  Church  of  Saint  Mary  the  Virgin,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Mc- 
Kee  Brown,  rector,  where  the  aesthetic  impulses  of  the  worshipper  are  stim- 
ulated by  the  performance  of  the  most  showy  of  florid  music,  of  which  exam- 
ples are  to  be  found  in  the  masses  of  Lambilotte,  Giorza,  Mercadante,  La 
Hache,  and  their  congeners. 

Vested  choirs  other  than  those  already  named  having  claim  to  particu- 
lar merit  or  recognition  are  those  of  Calvary,  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Y.  Satterlee; 
Heavenly  Rest,  Rev.  Dr.  D.  Parker  Morgan;  Holy  Trinity,  Rev.  Dr.  E. 
Walpole  Warren;  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  W.  Shackelford; 
St.  James,  Rev.  Dr.  Cornelius  B.  Smith,  and  St.  Andrews,  Rev.  Dr.  George 
R.  Van  De  Water,  all  of  which  are  large  in  numbers  and  admirably 
trained. 

Grace  Church,  at  Broadway  and  Tenth  street,  the  Rev.  Dr.  William 
R.  Huntington,  is  conspicuous  for  the  eminence  of  the  people  constituting 
its  musical  forces,  as  well  as  the  exalted  standard  of  the  general   work  of 


CHURCHES.  265 

its  choir.  Mr.  Samuel  P.  Warren  stands  easily  at  the  head  of  the  organists 
of  the  country,  while  the  tenor  of  the  church,  Mr.  George  Simpson,  has  a 
worldwide  reputation  as  the  foremost  oratoric  singer  known  to  this  coun- 
try. Mr.  Simpson  is  now  filling  his  thirty-fifth  year  as  a  member  of  the 
choir  of  Grace  Church.  Miss  Ida  W.  Hubbell,  the  soprano  of  the  church, 
was  a  few  years  ago  one  of  the  most  popular  concert  singers  in  the  com- 
munity. They  and  their  associates  of  the  solo  quartette  are  supported  by 
a  large  and  able  chorus  choir. 

George  William  Warren  at  St.  Thomas's  and  Richard  Henry  Warren 
at  St.  Bartholomew's,  the  latter  at  Madison  avenue  and  Forty-fourth  street, 
and  the  former  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Fifty-third  street,  provide  some  of  the 
best,  most  striking  and  characteristic  church  music  to  be  heard  in  this  or 
any  other  city.  At  St.  Bartholomew's  particularly,  under  the  direction  of 
the  younger  Warren,  the  scholarly  quality  of  the  selections  and  the  finish 
with  which  they  are  performed  is  an  education  in  itself.  The  church  counts 
among  its  soloists  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  Toedt  and  Mr.  Franz  Remmertz. 
Miss  Emily  Winant  is  the  chief  singer  at  St.  Thomas's.  Here  there  is  a 
double  chorus  of  forty  voices. 

At  the  Church  of  the  Ascension,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  Winchester  Donald,  in 
Fifth  avenue,  Mr.  John  White  is  engaged  with  the  assistance  of  a  quar- 
tette and  chorus  choir  of  twenty-five  voices,  in  the  founding  of  a  new 
school  of  church  music.  Mr.  White  is  a  voluminous  composer,  possessed  of 
a  fecundity  of  ideas,  and  a  number  of  his  compositions,  all  of  which  are 
characterized  by  originality  of  thought  and  treatment,  have  created  a  pro- 
found impression. 

St.  Marks-in-the-Bowery,  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  H.  Rylance;  Holy  Trinity, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  I.  Newton  Stanger,  at  Lenox  avenue  and  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-second  street,  and  the  Church  of  the  Incarnation,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Arthur  Brooks,  at  Madison  avenue  and  Thirty-fifth  street,  fill  out  the  list 
of  noteworthy  Episcopal  churches  of  this  class. 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral  naturally  stands  at  the  head  of  the  churches  of 
tl.c  Roman  Catholic  communion  in  point  of  impressiveness  of  musical  and 
ecclesiastical  display.  The  forces  at  the  command  of  Prof.  Willliam  Pecher 
in  the  bringing  out  of  the  splendid  masses  and  vesper  services  which  are 
characteristic  of  the  Cathedral  comprise  a  solo  quartette  and  a  chorus  choir 
of  mixed  voices  numbering  fifty,  with  an  auxiliary  chancel  choir  of  sixty 
voices,  the  largest  body  of  singers  known  to  any  church  in  the  country. 
The  Cathedral  is  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Fiftieth  street. 

The  unique  in  church  music  is  provided,  however,  at  the  Church  of  St. 
Francis  Xavier,  in  West  Sixteenth  street,  through  the  medium  of  the  ad- 
mirable male- voice  choir  of  which  Mr.  Oscar  Bruno  Klein  is  the  director 
and  organist.     Male-voice  and  Gregorian  masses  and  music  are  a  feature 


266  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

of  the  services  here.  In  the  Clinch  of  St.  Agnes  in  Forty-third  street  the 
Italian  school,  melodious  and  florid,  has  first  place  in  the  musical  selections. 
Mme.  Salvotti,  a  one-time  distinguished  concert  singer,  is  the  chief  attrac- 
tion of  St.  Leo's,  of  which  the  Rev.  Father  Ducey  is  the  pastor.  St.  Stephen's 
in  28th  street,  once  famous  for  the  superior  excellence  of  its  music,  is  now- 
content  with  a  quartette  choir  and^a  chorus  of  seventy-five  voices.  A  cap- 
ital and  satisfying  service  of  aomirable  quality  is  set  out  in  St.  Ann's 
Church,  in  East  Twelfth  street,  while  among  the  downtown  churches  the 
venerable  St.  Peter's  in  Barclay  street  commends  itself  to  the  favorable  at- 
tention of  the  lovers  of  good  music  well  performed. 

In  the  Presbyterian  Churches  e  ctremes  meet  in  the  case  of  the  Fifth 
avenue,  Rev.  Dr.  John  Hall,  and  the  West  Church,  Rev.  Dr.  John  R.  Pax- 
ton,  the  former  being  content  with  the  plainest  form  of  musical  worship, 
congregational  singing,  led  by  a  precentor,  with  organ  accompaniment,  while 
the  latter  supports  a  "sheet  music"  quartette,  boasting  the  highest-paid 
singer  in  the  country,  Miss  Clementine  De  Vere.  The  quartettes  in  the 
Brick  Church,  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyke,  the  Church  of  the  Puritans,  Rev. 
Dr.  Edward  L.  Clark,  and  the  Church  of  the  Convent,  Rev.  Dr.  James 
H.  Mcllvaine,  together  with  the  double  quartettes  of  the  First  Church, 
where  the  clever  compositions  of  Mr.  Sumner  Salter  have  a  prominent 
place  on  the  programmes,  and  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Parkhurst's  Church,  at 
Madison  avenue  and  twenty-fourth  street,  are  made  up  in  large  measure  of 
professional  and  semi-professional  singers  well  and  favorably  known  to  the 
local  concert  stage. 

The  sharp  contrast  in  the  style  of  service  between  the  venerable  St. 
John's  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  John  street,  near  Broadway,  the 
oldest  church  building  in  the  city,  and  the  Madison  Avenue  Church  of  the 
same  denomination  will  amply  repay  observation. 

The  reputation  musically  of  the  four  leaders  among  the  congregations 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  been  established  through  the 
efforts  of  distinctively  American  composers  and  musicians.  These  are  re- 
spectively the  Collegiate,  Rev.  Dr.  David  J.  Burrell,  .with  its  triple  pneu- 
matic organ — Dr.  H.  G.  Hanchctt,  organist;  the  Collegiate,  Rev.  Dr.  Ed- 
ward B.  Cole — Carl  Walter,  organist;  the  Madison  Avenue,  Rev.  Abbett  E. 
Kittredge — William  R.  Chapman,  organist,  and  the  South  Church,  Rev. 
Dr.  Roderick  Terry — Gerritt  Smith,  organist. 

In  the  Baptist  communion  the  trend  toward  a  ritualistic  form  of  wor- 
ship, particularly  in  respect  to  the  musical  portions  of  the  service,  has  its 
exemplification  to  an  admirable  purpose  at  the  hands  of  the  quartette  choirs 
of  the  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Madison  avenue  and  Sixty -fourth  street; 
the  Fifth  Avenue  Church,  at  West  Forty-sixth  street,  and  the  Madison 
Avenue  Church,  at  Thirty-first  street. 


CHURCHES.  267 

The  Broadway  Tabernacle,  Rev.  Dr.  William  M.  Taylor,  enjoys  an 
exceptional  distinction  among  the  Congregational  churches  for  stately 
ecclesiastical  music,  due  to  the  oversight  and  direction  of  the  double  quar- 
tette of  the  church  by  Dr.  S.  N.  Penfield,  the  well-known  organist.  The 
Central  Church,  Rev.  Dr.  William  Lloyd,  in  West  Fifty-seventh  street, 
enjoys  the  services  of  a  quartette  of  professional  singers. 

For  brilliant  and  effective  musical  accompaniment  to  an  impressive 
ritual,  none  exceeds  that  to  be  enjoyed  in  the  Jewish  synagogues  of 
Ahawath  Chesed,  Rev.  Dr.  Alex.  Kohut,  rabbi,  at  652  Lexington  Avenue, 
and  Temple  Emanu-El,  Rev.  Dr.  Gustav  Gottheil,  rabbi,  at  521  Fifth  Ave- 
nue. 

The  Unitarian  Church  of  All  Souls,  Rev.  Theodore  C.  Williams,  at 
Fourth  avenue  and  Twentieth  street,  and  the  Church  of  the  Messiah,  Rev. 
Robert  Collyer,  at  61  Thirty-fourth  street,  are  admirably  equipped  in  the 
matter  of  quartette  choirs  and  organists  for  the  adequate  setting  forth  of 
the  beautiful  vesper  services  of  that  communion. 

Not  least  among  the  foregoing  is  the  Church  of  the  Strangers,  presided 
over  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  F.  Deems,  where  the  worshipper  or  visitor 
may  join  in  congregational  singing  remarkable  for  its  fervor  and  inspiring 
influence. 

The  occupants  of  many  of  the  metropolitan  pulpits  have  won  for  them- 
selves not  merely  national  but  world-wide  fame  for  their  eloquence  and 
scholarship,  as  well  as  for  their  courage  in  promoting  ethical  and  religious 
reform. 

Religious  work  in  New  York  is  not  limited  to  the  churches  proper,  but 
is  carried  on  as  well  by  scores  of  evangelical,  missionary,  bible,  tract,  and 
other  kindred  societies.  The  especial  efforts  of  these  subsidiary  organiza- 
tions are  directed  towards  the  moral  elevation  of  the  poorer  classes,  who  so 
densely  populate  the  large  section  of  the  city  south  of  Fourteenth  St.  These 
societies  have  exhausted  almost  every  means  to  attract  to  their  chapels  or 
places  of  meeting  those  who  have  through  carelessness,  poverty  or  criminal 
lives  gradually  drifted  beyond  the  sphere  of  religious  influence.  Illustrated 
lecture  courses,  technical  schools,  libraries,  reading  rooms  and  reading  clubs, 
gymnasia,  bowling  alleys,  chess,  checquer,  whist  and  athletic  clubs,  be- 
sides an  endless  variety  of  special  and  general  charities,  have  been  provided 
and  equipped  as  auxiliaries  to  the  more  important  end  of  moral  reclama- 
tion. A  noble  army  of  self-denying  men  and  women  are  ceaselessly  labor- 
ing in  this  field,  which  offers  unlimited  scope  for  the  display  of  genius,  cour- 
age, human  sympathy  and  benevolence.  One  of  the  most  potent  factors  in 
the  extra-church  work  in  this  city  is  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, whose  headquarters  are  in  Association  Hall,  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Fourth  Ave.    and  Twenty-third  St.      Eleven  branches  of  this  association 


268  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

are  maintained,  the  most  important  of  which  are  the  Harlem  Branch, 
5  W.  125th  St.,  and  the  Young  Men's  Institute,  222  Bowery.  It  would  be 
impossible  to  estimate  the  benefit  which  this  institution  confers  upon  the 
city  at  large  by  its  exceedingly  diversified  and  admirably  directed 
activities. 

The  Dutch  Reformed  Church  is  by  far  the  most  interesting  church 
organization  in  New  York  on  account  of  its  historical  associations.  To  it 
belongs  the  honor  of  being  the  first  Protestant  organization  not  only  in  this 
city  but  in  America.  Its  history  dates  back  to  1628,  in  which  year  the  lead- 
ing Dutch  settlers  of  New  Amsterdam  began  to  worship  in  a  large  room 
over  a  horse-mill,  where  for  seven  years  they  continued  to  hold  religious 
services;  after  this  they  erected  a  wooden  church  in  what  is  now  called  Old 
Slip,  which  they  occupied  for  several  years.  Subsequently  church  edifices 
of  this  original  society  stood  upon  various  sites  in  the  older  part  of  the  city, 
and  at  times  answered  many  uses  for  which  they  were  not  designed.  One 
of  their  houses  of  worship,  that  in  Cedar  St.,  was  used  by  the  British 
troopers  during  the  revolutionary  period  first  as  a  prison  and  then  as  a 
cavalry  school.  This  building,  which  long  ago  disappeared,  was  for  some 
years  used  as  a  general  post-office.  The  parent  society  in  the  meantime 
subdivided  into  several  branches,  of  which  the  most  noted  is  the  Collegiate 
Middle  Dutch  Church  Society,  still  extant,  and  which  now  maintains  six 
churches  and  chapels.  The  traditions  of  the  original  society  are  still  pre- 
served in  the  chapel  at  113  Fulton  St.,  where  are  held  from  12  to  1  P.  M.,  the 
famous  Fulton  Street  Prayer-meetings.  The  Consistory  of  New  York  City 
at  present  embraces  27  churches  within  the  city  limits. 

The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  is,  in  point  of  wealth,  influence  and 
number  of  church  edifices,  the  most  important.  Next  to  the  Dutch 
Reformed  Church  it  is  the  oldest  religious  organization  in  the  city. 
The  denomination  embraces  103  churches,  of  which  the  most  noted  his- 
torically are  Trinity  Church  and  St.  Paul's  Chapel.  The  former,  standing 
in  Broadway  opposite  the  end  of  Wall  street,  is  built  upon  the  original 
site  of  the  West  India  Company's  farm,  which  being  confiscated  after 
the  conquest  of  Manhattan  Island  by  the  English,  was  granted  for  the 
purpose  of  an  endowment  to  the  Colonial  Church.  The  land,  known 
then  as  the  King's  farm,  extended  northward  to  Christopher  street  and 
westward  to  the  Hudson  River,  and  has  since,  through  its  enormously 
increased  value,  been  the  source  of  the  vast  wealth  of  the  corporation 
of  Trinity  Church.  This  property,  which  in  1693  brought  a  yearly  rental 
of  60  bushels  of  wheat,  yields  now  an  annual  income  exceeding  $500,000, 
and  pays  in  taxes  to  the  city  $70,000.  This  vast  revenue  is  used  in 
the  maintenance  of  Trinity  Church  and  seven  dependent  chapels,  besides 
many    benevolent  institutions  and   minor  charities  in    the    poorer   parts 


CHURCHES.  269 

of  the  city.  The  first  church  edifice  was  built  in  1697,  rebuilt  in  1737, 
and  destroyed  by  fire  in  1776,  after  which  date  for  twelve  years  the  congre- 
gation worshipped  in  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  which  had  in  the  meantime  been 
erected  by  the  vestry  of  Trinity  Church.  In  1788,  the  building  predecessor 
to  the  present  magnificent  edifice  was  constructed  and  occupied  for  about  half 
a  century.  Trinity  Church  is  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  a  burial  ground 
memorable  as  the  last  resting  place  of  many  persons,  distinguished  as  sol- 
diers, statesmen  or  private  citizens  during  the  early  period  of  American 
history.  The  building,  which  is  purest  Gothic  in  its  architectural  style,  is 
of  brown  sandstone,  and  with  its  lofty  spire  rising  to  a  height  of  284  feet 
and  its  conspicuous  four-faced  clock  is  one  of  the  chief  landmarks  of  lower 
Broadway.  In  the  belfry  are  the  famous  chimes,  the  melodious  tones  of 
which  hourly  echo  throughout  the  surrounding  narrow  streets.  Strangers 
are  admitted  to  the  church  at  any  hour.  Permission  to  visit  the  steeple  is 
granted  (upon  application)  by  the  rector  alone. 

The  second  Episcopal  church  built  in  New  York  was  St.  George's,  at 
Beekman  and  Cliff  streets.  This  building  long  ago  disappeared,  and  its 
historical  traditions  have  been  transferred  to  the  present  handsome  edifice 
of  the  same  name  on  Stuyvesant  Square.  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  Broadway  and  Vesey  street,  is  the  oldest  church  edifice  in 
the  city,  having  been  erected  in  1764,  as  a  branch  of  Trinity,  by  the  corpora- 
tion of  which  it  is  still  controlled.  Services  are  held  in  this  chapel  only  on 
memorable  occasions.  Here  were  conducted,  in  1889,  the  centennial  cere- 
monies of  Washington's  inauguration  as  the  first  President  of  the  United 
States.  Visitors  are  admitted  by  permission  of  the  wardens  of  Trinity 
Parish,  whose  offices  are  in  the  Parish  House  at  Church  and  Vesey  streets. 
The  graveyard  which  surrounds  the  chapel  is  the  burial  place  of  many  men 
and  women  famous  in  the  early  annals  of  the  town.  In  the  rear  wall  along 
Broadway  and  just  over  his  tomb  is  the  memorial  tablet  to  General  Richard 
Montgomery,  the  hero  of  Quebec,  and  nearby  are  monuments  to  George 
Frederick  Cooke,  and  Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  the  great  Irish  patriot.  Under 
the  northern  gallery  of  the  chapel  is  the  pew,  adorned  with  a  fresco  of  the 
American  eagle,  in  which  George  Washington  was  wont  to  worship  while 
acting  as  first  President  of  the  young  republic,  and  directly  opposite  is  the 
pew  formerly  occupied  by  Governor  George  Clinton.  The  uninterrupted 
quiet  which  reigns  within  the  church  contrasts  strangely  with  the  turmoil 
of  the  great  thoroughfares  by  which  it  is  bounded. 

One  of  the  most  venerable  church  edifices  in  the  city  is  St.  Marks,  at 
Second  Ave.  and  10th  St.  The  present  building  is  the  successor  to  a  chapel 
built  upon  the  same  site  by  the  last  Dutch  Governor,  Petrus  Stuyvesant, 
whose  remains  are  buried  beneath  the  church.  When  this  building  was 
erected  in  1826  the  surrounding  country  was  devoted  to  farming  and  garden- 


270  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

ing,  and  from  the  portico  an  unobstructed  view  could  be  had  of  the  East 
River  and  the  Long  Island  shore.  The  church  was  a  few  years  ago 
brought  into  notoriety  by  the  episodes  connected  with  the  burial  and  subse- 
quent stealing  of  the  body  of  A.  T.  Stewart. 

The  Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  in  E.  29th  St.,  near  Fifth  Av.,  was 
made  famous  by  the  incident  connected  with  the  burial  of  George  Holland, 
the  actor.  It  is  told  that  Joseph  Jefferson  applied  to  the  rector  of  one  of 
the  fashionable  Madison  Avenne  churches  to  have  the  last  Christian  rites  per- 
formed in  his  church  over  the  body  of  the  dead  actor.  The  clergyman , 
from  his  predjudices  against  the  stage,  demurred,  and  referred  him  to  the 
pastor  of  the  present  church  with  the  remark  that  there  was  ' '  a  little 
church  around  the  corner  where  they  did  that  sort  of  thing."  Mr.  Jefferson 
followed  the  suggestion,  and  the  ceremonies  were  accordingly  performed  in 
what  has  since  been  popularly  known,  through  the  wide  circulation  given  to 
the  story,  as  "The  Little  Church  Around  the  Corner."  In  architectural 
style  the  church  is  low  Gothic  and  it  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  Latin  cross. 
The  quiet  church-yard,  with  its  stately  trees,  its  fountain  and  luxurious 
trailing  vines,  lends  to  the  church  an  air  of  religion  and  peacefulness.  The 
members  of  the  congregation  worshipping  in  this  church  embrace  repre- 
sentatives of  almost  every  social  rank  and  calling. 

The  most  fashionable  churches  of  this  denomination  other  than  those 
already  spoken  of  are:  Grace  Church,  at  Broadway  and  10th  St. ;  St.  Thomas, 
at  Fifth  Av.  and  53d  St. ;  St.  Bartholomew,  at  Madison  Av.  and  44th  St. , 
and  All  Souls'  Church,  at  Madison  Av.  and  66th  St.  The  Diocesan  House 
is  at  29  Lafayette  Place,  where  is  also  the  office  of  "  The  Churchman,'''  the 
leading  organ  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

The  Episcopalians  of  the  city  will  soon  possess,  in  the  Cathedral  of  St. 
John  the  Divine,  about  to  be  erected  on  the  heights  at  Tenth  Ave.  and 
110th  St.,  one  of  the  noblest  church  structures  in  the  world.  The  site 
covers  more  than  three  city  blocks,  and  its  elevated  position,  over- 
looking the  northern  section  of  the  city  on  the  east  and  the  Hudson  River 
on  the  west,  will  give  additional  prominence  to  the  edifice.  The  com- 
pletion of  the  plans  adopted  will  involve  an  expenditure  of  several  millions 
of  dollars,  but  no  expense  is  to  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  carrying  out 
of  the  grand  conception  of  furnishing  the  city  and  diocese  of  New  York 
with  a  place  of  worship  worthy  of  its  rank  among  the  great  religious  centres  of 
the  world.  The  architectural  design  is  described  in  another  chapter.  The 
present  home  of  the  Bishop  of  this  Diocese,  the  Right  Rev.  Henry  C. 
Potter,  D.  D.,  is  at  160  W.  59th  St. 

Presbyterianism,  though  one  of  the  prevailing  forms  of  worship  in  the 
city  during  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  did  not  possess  a  church 
organization,  properly  so-called,   until   1719,   when  the  First  Church  was 


CHURCHES.  271 

founded  in  Wall  St. ,  near  the  present  site  of  Trinity.  This  church  now 
stands  at  Fifth  Ave.  and  nth  St.,  having  retreated  from  its  old  location 
step  by  step,  keeping  pace  with  the  northward  movement  of  population. 
Nine  pastors  have  occupied  its  pulpit  since  its  foundation.    The  next  churches 

in  order  of  age  are  the  Scotch,  14th  St.,  near  Sixth  Ave.,  founded  in , 

and  the  Brick,  Fifth  Ave.  and  37th  St.  The  latter  formerly  occupied  the 
present  sites  of  the  N.  Y.  Times  and  Potter  Buildings,  near  Printing  House 
Square,  where,  for  60  years  its  pulpit  was  occupied  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gardner 
Spring.  From  the  circumstance  of  the  long  ministry  of  this  distinguished 
clergyman,  the  church  was,  and  is  still,  popularly  known  as  Dr.  Spring's 
Church.  The  most  prominent  church  of  this  denomination,  in  point  of 
wealth  ,  influence  and  social  position  of  its  members,  is  the  Fifth  Avenue, 
at  Fifth  Ave.  and  55th  St.  This  church  has  one  of  the  largest  buildings 
dedicated  to  divine  worship  in  New  York,  its  seating  capacity  being  about 
2,000.  The  Society  with  which  this  congregation  is  historically  connected 
formerly  occupied  a  church  in  Cedar  St.,  built  in  1808.  The  present  pastor 
is  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Hall,  one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  of  the  met- 
ropolitan pulpit.  Another  venerable  church  of  this  denomination  is  the 
Rutgers  Street  Church,  organized  in  1798,  and  now  situated  at  the  Boule- 
vard and  73d  St.,  and  known  as  the  Rutgers  Riverside.  There  are,  in  all, 
about  70  churches  of  this  denomination  in  New  York  city.  The  offices  of 
the  different  general  Presbyterian  Church  societies  are  at  53  Fifth  Ave. 

Methodism  is  entitled  to  rank  as  one  of  the  oldest  forms  of  Protestant 
worship  on  the  continent.  The  honor  of  being  the  first  church  of  this 
denomination  in  the  country  belongs  to  the  John  Street  Church,  which  was 
first  used  for  divine  service  in  1768,  and  is  still  spoken  of  as  the  cradle  of 
Methodism  in  America.  The  present  building  was  erected  in  1S41,  and 
contains  many  historical  relics  of  John  Wesley  and  other  pioneers  of  the 
early  church  at  home  and  abroad.  Here  Sunday  services  are  regularly 
conducted,  and,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Fulton  St.  Chapel  of  the  Dutch 
Reformed  Church,  noonday  prayer  meetings  are  daily  held.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  church  in  Willet  St. ,  the  other  churches  of  this  denomination 
have  been  erected  within  the  last  50  or  60  years.  This  denomination 
embraces  about  65  congregations,  including  6  African,  and  a  few  German 
and  Swedish.  The  offices  of  the  various  mission  and  charity  boards  of  this 
denomination  are  in  the  lofty  and  spacious  building  of  the  Methodist  Book 
Concern,  at  150  Fifth  Ave. 

The  Baptist  Church  has  about  50  separate  congregations  in  the 
city.  This  organization  has  steadily  grown  in  size  and  importance 
since  the  governorship  of  Petrus  Stuyvesant,  when  it  was  granted 
a  charter  and  protected  from  the  hostility  of  the  religious  bigots  who 
threatened  its  early  existence.     At  present  the  Baptist  Church  ranks  as  one 


272  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

of  the  most  influential  factors  in  the  religious  life  of  the  metropolis.  It 
possesses  many  fine  church  edifices  and  not  a  few  preachers  famous  for 
their  pulpit  oratory.  Many  adherents  of  this  denomination  are  to  be  found 
among  the  Swedes,  Norwegians,  Germans,  Welsh  and  Africans  of  the 
city. 

The  Congregationalists  are  one  of  the  smaller  religious  communities 
of  the  city,  and  have  not  materially  increased  in  number  during  the  last 
twenty-five  years.  There  are  only  seven  churches  of  this  sect  in  the  city. 
Of  these  the  most  important  are  the  Tabernacle,  6th  Ave.  and  34th  St.,  and 
the  Central  in  57th  St.  between  8th  and  9th  Avenues. 

The  Lutheran  Church  is  the  most  distinctively  German  church 
organization  in  the  city,  embracing  21  congregations,  many  of  which  are 
in  the  middle  eastern  section  of  the  city — where  the  children  of  the  vater- 
land  are  most  numerous. 

The  Unitarian  Church  has  three  places  of  worship  in  the  city,  the  most 
famous  of  which  is  Allv  Souls',  4th  Ave.  and  20th  St.,  where  for  many 
years  the  eloquence  and  scholarship  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Bellows  attracted 
to  it  a  wealthy  and  influential  congregation,  and  raised  it  to  the  position  of 
the  chief  church  of  this  sect  in  America. 

Of  the  remaining  Protestant  denominations,  the  United  Presbyterians 
have  five  churches  in  New  York  City;  the  Reformed  Presbyterians,  five; 
the  Universalists,  three;  the  Friends  (Quakers),  two;  and  the  Reformed 
Episcopolians,  one. 

There  are  in  New  York,  besides  the  regular  denominations,  about  45 
congregations  of  the  numerically  less  important  sects.  The  principal  of 
these  are  enumerated  under  "  miscellaneous  churches  "  in  the  list  given  at 
the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Judaism. — The  religion  of  the  Hebrews,  coeval  in  its  orgin  with  the 
most  ancient  events  of  which  there  is  any  record  in  the  history  of  the  world, 
is  still  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  vigorous  forms  of  divine  worship. 
Here  in  the  New  World,  and  in  this  modern  city  of  New  York,  the  time- 
honored  ceremonial  laws  of  Moses  influence  more  or  less  completely  the 
lives  and  actions  of  not  less  than  300,000  of  its  inhabitants.  One  sixth  of 
the  population  of  this  city  are  of  the  race  of  Abraham — a  fact  which  makes 
New  York  the  greatest  Jewish  city  in  the  world.  About  one-half  of  these 
have  immigrated  to  the  United  States  within  the  last  ten  years,  and 
naturally  retain  many  of  the  customs  of  their  former  homes. 

The  places  of  worship  attended  by  the  Jews  are  denominated  syna- 
gogues (gathering  places)  or  temples.  The  former  is  a  very  ancient  term  as 
applied  to  these  places,  but  the  latter  is  rather  modern  in  this  application, 
due  to  the  latter  day  idea  that  every  house  of  worship  is  as  sacred  as  was 
the  Temple  of  Solo:  .on.     Any  person  may  gam  admittance  to  the  temples 


CHURCHES.  273 

and  synagogues  by  conforming  to  the  customs  prevailing  in  the  one  at- 
tended. The  uptown  temples  have  a  similar  decorum  to  that  observed  in 
most  churches,  hats  being  removed  and  the  pews  being  occupied  by  families. 
In  the  synagogues  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  the  head  should  remain  cov- 
ered, the  men  go  down  stairs,  the  women  go  upstairs.  The  language  em- 
ployed in  the  services  is  altogether  Hebrew  at  the  shrines  down  town — while 
in  the  uptown  temples,  English  and  German  are  used  with  comparatively 
few  Hebrew  prayers.  The  services  in  the  temples  are  conducted  by  a 
Cantor,  called  Hazan,  the  sermon  being  delivered  by  the  rabbi.  The  large 
choirs  in  the  handsome  temples  play  no  inconsiderable  part  in  enhancing 
the  solemnity  and  beauty  of  the  service. 

Notwithstanding  the  apparent  divergencies  in  their  modes  of  worship, 
the  Jews  are  as  one  in  most  of  their  doctrines — especially  in  that  the  unity 
of  God  is  emphasized  in  high  and  low  sects,  small  and  large,  orthodox  and 
reformed,  synagogue  and  temple  alike. 

The  question  of  the  prevalence  of  the  Rabbinical  or  Post  Biblical  tra- 
ditions may  be  considered  the  broad  line  of  distinction  between  the  two 
wings  of  this  people,  the  Progressionists,  the  older  settlers  in  the  United 
States  (as  a  rule)  putting  aside  these  traditions,  while  the  new-comers  cling 
tenaciously  to  them.  This  point  has  been  made  clearer  by  the  decision 
of  a  conference  of  the  rabbis  of  the  Progressive  party,  held  in  New 
York,  July  5-10,  1892,  that  converts  may  be  admitted  to  congregations  by 
profession  of  faith  and  examination  and  without  the  Abrahamitic  or  any 
other  rite.  Against  this  decision  the  orthodox  party  protests.  No  chief 
rabbi  or  central  temple  is  recognized  by  the  Jews  of  this  city  or  country. 
The  most  celebrated  rabbis,  synagogues  and  temples  are  given  in  the  list 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Roman  Catholicism. — The  first  Roman  Catholic  priest  to  set  foot  on  the 
Island  of  Manhattan,  as  far  as  the  record  shows,  was  Father  Jogues,  an  en- 
thusiastic pioneer  of  the  Society  of  Jesus,  who  landed  in  1642.  At  this  early 
time  there  were  few  or  no  Catholics  resident  in  New  York,  then  New 
Amsterdam,  owing  largely  to  the  religious  bigotry  of  the  Dutch  settlers. 
Legislative  restrictions  varying  in  their  severity  were  enforced  through- 
out the  17th  and  iSth  centuries,  which  served  to  exclude  to  a  greater 
or  less  degree  colonists  who  were  adherents  of  this  Church.  Occasional 
religious  services  were  held  during  these  many  decades  of  intolerance, 
but  no  regular  worship  or  meeting  place  was  provided  until  after  the 
evacuation  of  New  York  by  the  British  in  1783,  when  a  priest  from 
Philadelphia  began  to  officiate  in  the  loft  of  a  carpenter  shop  near 
Barclay  street,  then  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  In  1785  the  Roman 
Catholics  of  New  York  purchased  five  lots  of  land  from  the  trustees 
of  Trinity  Church  at  the   corner  of  Church  and   Barclay  streets,   upon 


274  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

which  was  erected  the  old  St.  Peter's  Church— the  first  church  of  this  de- 
nomination in  the  city.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  by  the  Spanish  Ambas- 
sador to  the  United  States,  and  Charles  III.,  King  of  Spain,  endowed  the 
new  church  with  ten  thousand  dollars.  After  this  beginning  the  Catholics 
rapidly  increased  in  number  and  influence.  In  1809  the  foundations  of  St. 
Patrick's  Cathedral  were  laid  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city  between  Broadway 
and  the  Bowery  road,  about  which  time  New  York  was  separated  from  the 
Diocese  of  Baltimore  and  erected  into  an  independent  See.  This  church 
was  the  predecessor  of  the  magnificent  cathedral  of  the  same  name  at  Fifth 
avenue  and  Fifty-first  street,  the  corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  in  the  pres- 
ence of  100,000  people  on  August  15th,  1858.  The  Cathedral  was  projected 
by  the  Most  Rev.  John  Hughes,  Archbishop  of  the  Diocese  of  New  York, 
and  has  cost  up  to  the  present  $2,000,000.  It  is  the  finest  church  edifice  on 
the  continent,  and  was  opened  for  public  worship  May  25th,  1879.  The 
Cathedral  contains  about  408  pews,  having  a  seating  capacity  of  2,600. 

At  present  there  are  about  84  Roman  Catholic  churches  in  New  York, 
the  principal  of  which,  with  the  names  of  the  most  noted  divines,  are  given 
at  the  end  of  this  chapter. 

Prominent  Churches  and  Pastors. 

Baptist. — Amity,  310  W.  54th,  Leighton  Williams;  Calvary,  57th  St., 
east  of  7th  Ave.,  Robert  S.  Mac  Arthur,  D.  D. ;  Church  of  the  Epiphany,  64th 
St.  and  Madison  Ave.,  Donald  D.  Mac  Laurin;  Fifth  Ave.,  6  W.  46th  St., 
William  H.  P.  Faunce;  First,  Boulevard  and  79th  St.,  Isaac  M.  Haldeman; 
Grace,  in  E.  92nd  St.,  Theodore  A.  K.  Gessler,  D.  D.;  Madison  Ave., 
Madison  Ave.  and  31st  St.,  H.  M.  Sanders,  D.  D.;  Memorial,  Washington 
Sq.  South,  Cor.  Thompson  St.,  Edward  Judson,  D.  D.;  Mt.  Morris,  Fifth 
Ave.  near  126th  St.,  William  C.  Bitting;  The  Tabernacle,  2nd  Ave.  and  10th 
St.,  Daniel  C.  Potter,  D.  D.;  Twenty-third  St.,  Association  Hall,  4th  Ave. 
and  23rd  St.,  Thomas  Dixon,  Jr. 

Congregational. — Broadway  Tabernacle,  6th  Ave.  and  34th  St.,  Wm. 
M.  Taylor,  D.  D.;  Central,  309  W.  57th  St.,  William  Lloyd,  D.  D.;  Pilgrim 
Church  of  New  York,  Madison  Ave.  and  121st  St.,  Samuel  H.  Virgin,  D.  D.; 
Trinity,  Tremont,  Washington  Ave.  and  176th  St.,  Jas.  M.  Whiton,  Ph.  D. 

Disciples  of  Christ. — Church  of  Disciples  of  Christ,  323  W.  56th  St., 
B.  B.  Tyler,  D.  D. 

Friends. — East  Fifteenth,  5  E.  15th  St.  cor.  Rutherford  Place,  Samuel 
B.  Haines. 

Hebrew. — Ahawath  Chesed,  Lexington  Ave.  and  55th  St.,  Rabbi,  Alex. 
Kohut;  Beth-El,  5th  Ave.  and  76th  St.,  Rabbi,  Kaufman  Kohler;  Beth  Is- 
rael Bikur  Cholim,  72nd  St.  and  Lexington  Ave,  Rabbi,  Herman  Lustig; 
Beth   Hamedrash   Hogodal,    54   Norfolk   St.,    Rabbi,  Jacob  Joseph;  B'nai 


CHURCHES.  275 

Jeshurun,  Madison  Ave.  and  65th  St.,  Rabbi,  Henry  S.  Jacobs;  Shaa- 
ray  Tefilla,  127  W.  44th  St.,  Rabbi,  F.  de  Sola  Mendes;  Shearith  Israel,  5  W. 
19th  St.,  Rabbi,  H.  Pereira Mendes;  Temple  Emanuel,  5th  Ave.  and 43d  St., 
Rabbi,  Gustav  Gottheil;  Temple  Israel  of  Harlem,  125th  St.  and  5th  Ave., 
Rabbi,  Maurice  H.  Harris. 

Lutheran. — Evangelical  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  47  W.  21st  St., 
G.  F.  Krotel,  D.  D.;  St.  James'  Evangelical,  900  Madison  Ave.,  Junius  B. 
Remensnyder,  D.  D.;  St.  Luke's  German  Evangelical,  233  W.  42nd  St.,  Rev. 
Wilhelm  Busse;  St.  Mark's  Evangelical,  327  6th  Ave.,  Rev.  Geo.  C.  F. 
Haas;  St.  Peter's  German  Evangelical,  Lexington  Ave.,  cor.  46th  St.,  Rev. 
Ed.  F.  Moldehnke,  D.  D. 

Methodist  Episcopal — Calvary,  7th  Ave.  and  129th  St.,  James  R.  Day, 

D.  D.;  Hedding,  337  E.  17th  St.,  Alexander  McLean;  Madison  Ave., 
Madison  Ave.  and  60th  St.,  Ensign  McChesney,  D.  D.;  St.  Andrews,  76th 
St.,  near  Columbus  Ave.,  Geo.  E.  Strodridge,  D.  D.;  Trinity,  323  E.  18th 
St.,  Thomas  H.  Burch,  D.  D.;  St.  James',  Madison,   cor.    126th  St.,  Jacob 

E.  Price,  D.  D.;  St.  John's,  231  W.  53d  St.,  Jas.  M.  King,  D.  D. 

African  Methodist  Episcopal. — Bethel,  216  Sullivan  St.,  Rev.  Theo- 
dore Gould,  D.  D. 

Presbyterian.— Brick  Church,  Fifth  Ave.  and  37th  St.,  Henry  Van- 
Dyke,  D.  D.:  Central,  220  W.  57th  St.,  Wilton  Merle  Smith,  D.  D.;  Church 
of  the  Covenant,  Park  Ave.  and  35th  St.,  James  Hall  Mcllvaine,  D.  D.; 
Fifth  Ave.,  Fifth  Ave.,  cor.  55th  St.,  John  Hall,  D.  D.;  First,  5th  Ave.  and 
nth  St.,  Howard  Duffield,  D.  D.;  First  Union,  147  E.  86th  St.,  W.  R.  Har- 
shaw;  Harlem,  43  E.  125th  St.,  J.  S.  Ramsey,  D.  D.;  Madison  Ave.,  506 
Madison  Ave. ,  Charles  L.  Thompson,  D.  D.;  Madison  Square,  Madison 
Sq.  and  24th  St.,  Charles  H.  Parkhurst,  D.  D.;  Park,  86th  St.  and  Amster- 
dam Ave.,  Anson  P.  Atterbury;  Phillips,  73d  St.,  cor.  Madison  Ave., 
George  Spinning,  D.  D.;  Rutgers,  Riverside,  73d  St.,  cor.  Boulevard, 
Robert  Russell  Booth,  D.  D.;  Scotch,  53  W.  14th  St.,  David  G.  Wylie,  Ph. 
D.;  Union  Tabernacle,  139  W.  35th  St.,  George  J.  Mingins;  University 
Place,  University  Place,  cor.  10th  St.,  George  Alexander,  D.  D.;  West,  31 
W.  42d  St.,  John  R.  Paxton,  D.  D.;  West  End,  105th  St.  and  Amsterdam 
Ave.,  J.  Balcom  Shaw;  Westminster  Church  of  W.  23d  St.,  210  W,  23d  St., 
Robert  F.  Sample,  D.  D. 

Protestant  Episcopal — All  Angels,  West  End  Ave.  and  81st  St.,  Charles 

F.  Hoffman,  D.  D.;  All  Souls',  Madison  Ave.  and  66th  St.,  R.  Heber  New- 
ton, D.  D.;  Ascension,  5th  Ave.  and  10th  St.,  Rev.  E.  Winchester  Donald, 
D.  D.;  Beloved  Disciple,  Madison  Ave.  and  89th  St.,  S.  Gregory  Lines, 
D.  D.;  Calvary,  4th  Ave.  and  21st  St.,  Henry  Y.  Satterlee,  D.  D.;  Church 
of  the  Holy  Communion,  6th  Ave. ,  cor.  20th  St.,  Henry  Mottet,  D.  D. ;  Grace, 
Broadway  near  10th  St.,  William  R.  Huntington,  D.  D.;  Heavenly  Rest,  551 


276  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Fifth  Ave.,  near  45th  St.,  D.  Parker  Morgan,  D.  D.;  Holy  Trinity,  Madison 
Ave.  and  426.  St.,  E.  Walpole  Warren,  D.  D.;  Holy  Trinity, 
Harlem,  Lenox  Ave.,  cor  1226.  St.,  Charles  De  Witt  Bridgman,  D.  D.; 
St.  Andrew's,  Fifth  Ave.  and  127th  St.,  Rev.  George  R.  Van  de  Water,  D. 
D.;  St.  Ann's,  7  W.  18th  St.,  Rev.  Thomas  Gallaudet,  D.  D.;  St.  Augus 
tine's  Chapel,  105  E.  Houston  St.,  bet.  Bowery  and  Second  Ave.,  Rev.  Ar- 
thur C.  Kimber,  S.  T.  D.;  St.  Bartholomew's,  Madison  Ave.  and  44th  St., 
David  H.  Greer,  D.  D. ;  St.  George's,  Stuyvesant  Sq.  and  East  16th  St., 
W.  S.  Rainsford,  D.  D.;  St.  James',  Madison  Ave.  and  71st  St.,   Cornelius 

B.  Smith,  D.  D.;  St.  Michael's,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  99th  St.,  Thomas  M. 
Peters,  D.  D.;  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  Trinity  Parish,  Broadway  and  Fulton  St., 
James  Mulcahey,  D.  D.;  St.  Thomas,  Fifth  Ave.  and  53rd  St.,  John  W. 
Brown,  D.  D.;  Transfiguration,  5  E.  29th  St.,  Rev.  George  H.  Hough- 
ton, S.  T.  D.;  Trinity,  Broadway,  opp.  Wall  St.,  Morgan  Dix,  D.  D. 

Reformed  Dutch. — Bloomingdale,  Boulevard,  cor.   68th  St.,  Madison 

C.  Peters;  Collegiate,  5th  Ave.  and  29th  St.,  David  James  Burrell,  D.  D.; 
Collegiate,  Fifth  Ave.  and  48th  St.,  Edward  B.  Coe,  D.  D.;  Collegiate,  191 
E.  121st,  near  Third  Ave. ,  Joachim  Elmendorf,  D.  D.;  Madison  Avenue, 
Madison  Ave.  and  57th  St.,  Abbott  E.  Kittredge,  D.  D.;  South,  S.  E.  cor. 
Madison  Ave.  and  38th  St.,  Roderick  Terry,  D.  D.;  Thirty-fourth  Street, 
307  W.  34th  St.,  Peter  Stryker,  D.  D. 

Reformed  Presbyterian. — Second,  229  W.  39th  St.,  Robert  M.  Som- 
merville,  D.  D. 

Roman  Catholic— St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  5th  Ave.  and  51st  St.,  the 
Most  Rev.  Archbishop  Michael  Augustin  Corrigan,  D.  D.;  St.  Gabriel's  37th 
St.,bt.  istand2dAves.,  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  JohnM.  Farley, V.  G.;  St.  Leo's,  11  E. 
28th  St.,  Thomas  J.  Ducey,  D.  D.;  St.  Francis  Xavier,  36  W.  16th  St.,  Wil- 
liam O'Brien  Pardow,  S.  J.;  St.  Paul  the  Apostle,  9th  Ave.  and  Goth  St., 
Walter  Elliott  (Paulist  Fathers);  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  459  W.  51st 
St.,  Very  Rev.  Joseph  Mooney,  V.  G. ;  St.  Peter's,  Barclay  and  Church  Sts., 
James  McGean;  St.  Vincent  Ferrer's,  Lexington  Ave.  and  66th  St.,  Joseph 
II.  Slinger;  St.  Bridget's  121  Ave.  B,  cor.  8th  St.,  Patrick  F.    McSweeney, 

D.  D.;  Church  of  the  Holy  Cross,  311  W.  42d  St.,  Charles  McCready;  St. 
Stephen's,  149  E.  28th  St.,  Charles  Colton;  The  Church  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception,  505  E.  14th  St.,  John  Edwards;  and  the  Church  of  the  Guar- 
dian Angels,  511  W.  23d  St.,  William  A.  O'Neill. 

Unitarian.— All  Souls',  245  Fourth  Ave.  and  20th  St.,  Theodore  C. 
Williams,  D.  D.;  Messiah,  61  E.  34th  St.,  Robert  Collyer,  D.  D. 

United  Presbyterian.— First,  248  W.  34th  St.,  Thomas  W.  Anderson; 
West  Forty-fourth  St.,  434  W.  44th  St.,  Homer  H.  Wallace,  D.  D. 

Uniyersalist— Divine  Paternity,  or  Fourth,  Fifth  Ave.  and  45th  St., 
Charles  H.  Eaton,  D.  D.;  Third,  133  W-  nth  St.,  Edwin  C.  Bolles,  D.  D. 


CHURCHES.  277 

Miscellaneous  Churches.— Catholic  Apostolic,  417  W.  57th  St., 
Charles  A.  G.  Brigham;  Church  of  the  Strangers,  299  Mercer  St.,  near  8th 
St.,  Charles  F.  Deems,  D.  D.;  First  Preformed  Episcopal,  Madison  Ave. 
and  55th  St.,  William  T.  Sabine,  D.  D.;  Greek  Church  of  New  York,  (in 
Swedish  Evangelical  Church),  340  W.  43rd  St.,  Pasius  Ferendinos;  Hebrew 
Christian  Church,  17  St.  Mark's  Place,  E.  Eighth  St.,  Jacob  Freshman; 
Mission  Chapel  of  Divine  Providence  (Swedenborgian),  356  W.  44th  St.,  S. 
S.  Seward,  D.  D.;  Salvation  Army,  in  Reade  St.,  Ballington  Booth,  Conv 
mander. 


©EJVIETE^IES  AND  ©REM ATONIES. 


Descriptions    of   the    Greater    Burying    Grounds    in   and    Around    New 
York —  Incineration. 


Every  church  in  New  York  in  the  city's  early  days  had  a  graveyard 
adjacent  to  the  church  building.  As  late  as  1822  there  were  23  such  grave- 
yards betwen  the  present  site  of  the  City  Hall  and  Battery  Place;  of  these 
only  2  remain,  those  of  Trinity  Church  and  St.  Paul's  Chapel.  Burials 
were  prohibited  south  of  Canal  St.  in  1813,  and  south  of  86th  St.  in  1851.  At 
present,  except  in  a  few  special  cases,  interments  are  allowed  on  Manhattan 
Island  only  in  Trinity  Church  Cemetery  at  10th  Ave  and  155th  St.  Wood- 
lawn  Cemetery  is  the  only  other  burial  place  within  the  city  limits  where 
interments  are  permitted.  These  proper  restrictions  have  been  the  means 
of  creating  a  large  number  of  cemeteries  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
city  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey. 

The  principal  metropolitan  cemeteries  are: — 

Calvary  Cemetery,  in  Newtown,  Queens  County,  Long  Island,  the 
principal  Roman  Catholic  burying-ground  of  New  York  and  its  suburbs. 
It  is  the  last  resting  place  of  over  half  a  million  people.  The  grounds,  with 
the  recently  annexed  portion,  cover  an  area  of  more  than  180  acres,  sub- 
divided into  sections  and  intersected  by  many  avenues  and  roads.  The 
cemetery  has  a  commanding  location  on  the  crest  of  a  hill  and  is  tastefully 
laid  out.  The  chief  monument  of  interest  is  the  soldiers'  monument, 
erected  by  the  City  of  New  York  in  1866  to  commemoratethe  soldiers  who 
perished  in  the  Civil  War.  It  consists  of  a  granite  shaft  45  feet  high  sur- 
mounted by  a  life  size  bronze  figure  typifying  "Patriotism."  The  four  sup- 
porting figures  typify  different  branches  of  military  service.  In  the  plot 
surrounding  the  monument  are  buried  the  remains  of  Catholic  soldiers  who 
died  during  the  Rebellion  and  for  whose  interment  no  other  provision  was 
made.  The  most  direct  way  of  reaching  Calvary  Cemetery  is  by  either  the 
34th  St.  or  James  Slip  Ferry  to  Long  Island  City,  thence  by  cab  or  street 
car  to  the  cemetery  gates. 

The  City  Cemetery  is  governed  by  the  Commissioners  of  Public  Chari- 
ties and  Correction  and  comprises  about  20  acres  of  low,  level,  sandy  soil 
on  the  east  side  of  Hart's  Island  in  Long  Island  Sound,   about   19  miles 


CEMETERIES  AND   CREMATORIES.  279 

from  the  New  York  Post  Office.  In  this  cemetery  are  buried  paupers  and 
all  others  who  die  in  the  public  charitable  institutions  of  the  city  and  whose 
bodies  are  unclaimed.  Disinterments  for  the  purpose  of  re-interment  by 
relatives  may  be  made  by  permission  of  the  Board  of  Health.  Unless  by 
special  privilege,  bodies  are  buried  one  above  the  other  and  not  in  separate 
graves.  A  plot  is  set  apart  for  soldiers.  This  cemetery  in  reached  by  boat 
from  the  foot  of  East  26th  St.  at  10  A.  M.  daily. 

Cypress  Hills  Cemetery  embraces  400  acres  of  land,  partly  in  Kings 
and  partly  in  Queens  counties,  Long  Island.  This  cemetery  is  almost  filled. 
Its  grounds  are  somewhat  irregular  in  shape  and  are  made  up  of  hills  and 
valleys,  interspersed  with  small  lakes,  and  shaded  by  large  trees  and  artis- 
tically arranged  shrubbery.  On  Mount  Victory,  the  highest  point  of  land, 
stands  the  observatory,  from  which  may  be  seen  at  a  glance,  toward  the 
south,  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  highlands  and  plains  of  New  Jersey,  the 
Hudson  and  East  rivers,  the  Palisades,  and  the  cities  of  Brooklyn  and  New 
York,  and  toward  the  north  the  rocky  hills  of  Connecticut  appear  as  a  blue 
fringe  along  the  horizon.  About  three  score  social,  benevolent,  ecclesiasti- 
cal and  humane  societies  own  plots  in  this  cemetery.  In  the  section  pur- 
chased by  the  United  States  Government,  which  is  under  the  superinten- 
dence of  a  special  keeper,  about  4,000  soldiers  are  buried.  It  is  impracticable 
to  describe  the  many  elaborate  and  stately  vaults  in  this  great  city  of  the 
dead;  and  as  for  the  monuments,  they  are  as  numerous  as  the  trees  of  the 
forest,  many  of  them  chaste  and  artistic  in  design.  This  cemetery,  which 
is  well  worth  a  visit  by  the  stranger,  may  be  reached  by  many  routes,  the 
most  convenient  of  which  is  by  ferry  from  the  foot  of  Grand  street  to  the 
foot  of  Broadway,  Brooklyn,  and  thence  by  surface  cars  to  the  western  en- 
trance. 

The  Cemetery  of  the  Evergreens,  situated  principally  in  Kings 
County,  Long  Island,  comprises  about  350  acres  of  high  land,  broken  by 
slopes,  plains,  lakelets  and  wooded  stretches.  The  situation  is  very  se- 
cluded and  is  admirably  suited  to  its  purpose.  Works  of  art,  exotic 
trees  and  shrubs,  foliage  plants  and  flowers,  have  been  extensively 
used  in  the  adornment  of  the  plots,  parklets  and  borders  of  the  many  ma- 
cadamized roadways  by  which  the  cemetery  is  intersected.  Rustic  bowers 
and  fountains  abound.  Nothing  that  would  please  the  eye  or  add  to  the 
natural  beauty  of  the  spot  has  been  overlooked.  Altogether  it  is  one  of 
the  most  elaborately  artistic  of  the  city's  great  cemeteries.  The  main  en- 
trance is  at  Bush  wick  Ave.  and  Conway  St.,  Brooklyn,  and  may  be  reached 
from  New  York  by  any  of  the  ferries  to  Brooklyn,  and  thence  by  the  street 
railways. 

Greenwood  Cemetery  is  not  only  the  largest  and  firbc  of  all  the  metro- 
politan cemeteries,  but  in  the  variety  and  grandeur  of  its  embellishments  it 


280  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

far  excels  any  other  necropolis  in  the  United  States.     It  is  in  Flatbush,  one 
of  the  eastern  sections  of  Brooklyn,  on   Gowanus  Heights  overlooking  the 
bay  of  the  same  name.     This  cemetery  was  founded  in  1838  and  was  opened 
for  interments  in  1840.   The  incisure  embraces  about  47  acres.    Broad,  sub- 
stantial stone  roads  furnish  at  all  times  a  firm  and  pleasant  carriageway  of  20 
miles  in  length,  and  conduct  the  visitor  to  every  part  of  the  grounds.    Com- 
modious and  inviting  foot-paths,  20  miles  in  length,  laid  with  concrete, 
wind  round  every  hill,  and  explore  every  dell  and  shady  nook.     The  work 
of  grading  the  grounds  has  involved  an  immense  amount  of  labor  and  has 
been  prosecuted  with  a  constant  regard  to  both  beauty  and  utility.     The 
water  from  five  driven  wells  is  pumped  into  a  reservoir  and  thence  is  car- 
ried in  pipes  to  different  points,  to  be  used  in  irrigation  and  for  the   supply 
of  the  many  fountains.     Water  for  drinking  purposes  is  introduced  from  the 
Brooklyn  City  Water  Works  system.     Several  lakes,  in  most  of  which 
beautiful  fountains  play,  nestle  in  the  valloys  between  the  gently  sloping 
hills  and  lend  an  additional  charm  to  the  otherwise  beautiful  scenery. 
Drainage  is  effected  by   18  miles  of  subterranean  pipes  into  which  open 
over  1,200  receiving  basins.     There  are  five  entrances  to  the  cemetery,  of 
which  the  main  or  northern  entrance  is  in   Fifth  Ave.  at  21st  St.     The 
general  "Fund  for  the  Improvement  and  Care  of  the  Cemetery"  amounts  to 
about  $1,700,000.     Unlike  many  other  cemeteries,  Greenwood  is  not  depen- 
dent upon  private  enterprise,  but  is  a  trust  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
this  state,  managed  by  a  board  of  trustees  chosen  by  the  lot  owners  from 
among  their  number,  and  thus  is  exempt  from  the  evils  of  speculation.     All 
money  received  is  added  to  the  interest  on  the  Improvement  Fund,  which 
is  in  part  made  up  of  bequests,  the  interest  upon  which  is  annually  ex- 
pended in  improving  the  property  of  the  cemetery  and  in  the  maintenance 
of  private  lots.    About  270,000  interments  have  been  made  in  the  cemetery. 
The  price  of  lots  varies  from  $190  to  $1,000,  according  to  position  and  sur- 
roundings.    The  cemetery  contains  632  vaults;  comparatively  few,  however, 
are  above  the  ground,  the  majority  being  built  in  the  hillsides  or  under 
ground.     There  are  in  all  about  58,000  monuments  and  tombstones,  the 
aggregate  cost  of  which  has  been  several  millions  of  dollars.     The  northern 
gate  to  the  cemetery  is  a  massive  structure  built  of  New  Jersey  free  stone, 
132  feet  long  and  40  feet  deep,  surmounted  by  a  central  pinnacle  106  feet 
high.     The  niches  over  the  gateway  are  filled  with  groups  of  sculpture  by 
John  W.  Moffitt,  representing  "Our  Saviour's  Entombment,"   "The  Res- 
surrection,"   "The   Raising  of  the  Widow's  "Son,"  and  "The  iRaising  of 
Lazarus."    In  the  right  wing  are  the  offices  of  the  cemetery,  where  informa- 
tion regarding  the  grounds  can  be  obtained.    In  the  left  wing  is  the  visitors' 
gateway,  and  between  the  two  the  entrance  for  carriages.     The  Receiving 
Tomb  at  Arbor  Water  is  capable  of  holding   1,500  bodies,  besides  which 


OPTICIANS, 

SPECTACLES,  EYEGLASSES  AND  LORGNETTES. 


OPERA,  FIELD    AND    MARINE    GLASSES    OF    HIGHEST    POWER. 
BAROMETERS  AND  THERMOMETERS  IN  GREAT  VARIETY. 


26  East  23d  Street, 

Opp.  Met.  Life  Ins.  Bldg.  NETV      YORK. 

The  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey 

IN  CONNECTION  WITH 

THE  READING  RAILROAD  SYSTEM, 

Royal  Blue  Line  to  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington. 

MOUNTAIN,  LAKE  AND  SEASHORE. 
BEST  IN  COMFORT.   BEST  IN  SPEED.    BEST  IN  SAFETY. 

tl"»rIIS   System  of   Roads  embodies  a  greater   diversity  in  its  ramifications  than  perhaps  any 

'     American  railway.    The  traveler  can,  by  this  perfectly  equipped  system,  visit  al!  prominent 

I         points  on   the  New  Jersey  seacoast  between  Sandy  Hook  and  Atlantic  City,  all  parts  of 

Central  New  Jersey,  the  Valley  of  the  Lehigh,  through  the  Coal  Regions  of  Pennsy lvania 

and  the  Wyoming  Valley  by  the  magnificently  managed  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey. 

To  NIAGARA  FALLS  and  the  Great  Lakes  no  line  offers  such  picturesque  beauties  as  the 
Great  Lehigh.  Valley  Division  of  the  Reading  Railroad  System,  to  Buffalo  and  Niagara 
Falls,  aptly  named  the  "  Scenic  Route  of  America."  By  this  route  the  traveler  passes  through 
the  beautiful  Valley  of  the  Lehigh,  and  the  famed  Anthracite  Coal  Regions  of  Pennsylvania. 

To  the  Nation's  Capjtal,  the  Royal  Blue  Line  offers  the  fastest  and  most  sumptuously 
furnished  trains  in  America.  Five  hour«  between  New  York  and  Washington  is  the  time  con- 
sumed daily  by  the  trains  of  the  Royal  Blue  Line,  the  passenger  being  assured  of  equally  quick 
service  to  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore. 

The  block  system  in  use  insures  safety,  and  the  rock  ballasted  road-bed,  with  smokeless  en- 
gines and  modern  coaches  afford  that  comfort  which  is  characteristic  of  this  great  trunk  line.  All 
trains  leave  New  York  from  Ferry,  foot  of  Liberty  >treet,  North  River. 

The  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  the  Phil- 
adelphia and  Reading  R.  R.,  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R.  trains  leave  from 
the  commodious  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  \:ew  Jersey,  at  Communipaw,  Jersey  City. 

Time  Tables  are  found  in  all  the  New  York  City  papers,  and  in  all  public  places  in  New  York 
and  Brooklyn. 


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CEMETERIES  AND  CREMATORIES.  .      281 

there  are  many  other  temporary  receptacles  and  public  vaults.  Over  the 
porticos  of  the  eastern  entrance  in  Fort  Hamilton  Ave.  are  representations 
in  stone  of  the  four  ages,  infancy,  youth,  manhood  and  old  age,  also  from 
the  chisel  of  Moffitt. 

The  following  monuments  are  always  most  interesting  to  visitors  : — 
The  John  Matthews  Monument,  by  Carl  Muller,  at  the  southwesterly 
end  of  Valley  Water  ;  the  monument  and  bronze  bust  of  Horace  Greeley, 
on  Locust  Hill,  near  Oak  avenue,  erected  by  the  printers  of  the  United 
States ;  the  Brown  Brothers  Monument,  on  Hill  Ridge,  commemorating 
the  loss  of  six  members  of  this  family  who  perished  in  the  wreck  of  the 
steamship  Artis ;  the  Firemen's  Monument,  erected  by  the  old  volunteer 
fire  department  of  New  York ;  the  Morse  Monument,  on  High  Wood 
Hill,  commemorative  of  the  inventor  of  the  electric  telegraph;  the  Chapel 
Monument,  to  Miss  Mary  M.  Danser  the  philanthropist,  at  Fir  and  Vine 
avenues  ;  the  Monument  to  Roger  Williams,  the  founder  of  Rhode  Island,  in 
section  130  ;  the  Stephen  Whitney  Chapel  and  Tomb,  Ocean  Hill;  the  Monu- 
ment to  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  in  section  140  ;  Gen.  Benjamin  F. 
Tracy's  Family  Monument,  also  in  section  140  ;  the  Thomas  T.  Read  Statue 
and  Monument,  in  section  160;  the  C.  K.  Garrison  Oriental  Tomb,  Vernal  Ave. ; 
Niblo's  Tomb,  Crescent  Water ;  the  Archway,  Western  Entrance  at  35th 
St.  and  Fourth  Ave. ;  Temple  and  Statue  of  A.  S.  Scribner,  at  Vine  and 
Cyprus  avenues;  the  Sea  Captains'  Monument,  Vista  Ave.,  in  memory  of 
Captain  John  Correja ;  the  Charlotte  Canda  Monument,  at  Fern  and  Green- 
bough  avenues ;  the  Soldiers'  Monument,  on  the  plateau  of  Battle  Hill, 
erected  by  the  city  of  New  York  in  memory  of  the  soldiers  who  died  during 
the  Rebellion  ;  the  Pilots'  Monument,  erected  by  the  pilots  of  this  city  in 
memory  of  the  heroic  pilot,  Thomas  Freeborn  ;  the  James  Gordon  Bennett 
Statuary  Group ;  the  colossal  bronze  statue  of  DeWitt  Clinton,  by  Henry 
Kirk  Brown,  in  Bayside  Dell ;  the  Louis  Bernard  Monument,  in  Battle 
Ave.,  erected  by  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals  in 
commemoration  of  Mr.  Barnard's  philanthropy  and  his  devotion  to  the 
work  of  this  society  ;  and  the  Brooklyn  Theatre  Fire  Victims'  plot,  at  Bay- 
view  and  Battle  avenues,  in  which  are  buried  105  unrecognized  bodies, 
victims  of  the  Brooklyn  Theatre  Fire  on  the  evening  of  December  5th,  1876, 
when  nearly  300  persons  lost  their  lives. 

Special  detectives  patrol  the  cemetery  grounds,  and  a  large  number  of 
other  employes  duly  licensed  by  the  Brooklyn  Police  Commissioners  are 
also  on  duty.  No  money  may  be  paid  to  the  keepers  of  the  gates  or  to  any 
other  person  in  the  employment  of  the  cemetery  authorities  in  reward  for 
personal  services  or  attention.  Greenwood  Cemetery  is  reached  from  New 
York  by  Fulton,  Wall,  South  or  Hamilton  Ferry  to  Brooklyn,  and  thence 
by  street  car  lines. 


282  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

The  Lutheran  Cemetery  was  founded  by  the  United  Lutheran 
churches  of  New  York  in  1852,  and  is  in  Middle  Village,  Long  Island,  four 
miles  from  the  Williamsburg  (Brooklyn,  E,  D.)  ferry  landings.  It  em- 
braces about  400  acres  of  undulating  land,  nearly  two-thirds  of  which  has 
been  laid  out  and  improved.  Union,  Chapel  and  Pleasant  Hills  add  much 
to  the  picturesqueness  of  the  scenery  and  command  a  delightful  view  of 
the  surrounding  country.  Many  thousands  of  trees  border  the  winding 
roadways  and  paths.  The  skill  of  the  artist,  the  engineer  and  the  gardener 
has  been  liberally  used  to  enhance  the  natural  beauty  of  the  landscape. 
This  cemetery  is  characterized  by  the  absence  of  monuments  and  head- 
stones, the  erection  of  which  is  contrary  to  the  regulations;  plain  tablets 
alone  are  permitted.  Although  especially  intended  for  Lutherans,  members 
of  any  other  religious  denomination  may  be  buried  here.  A  depot  of  the 
Long  Island  R.  R.  is  within  a  short  distance  of  the  cemetery  gates. 

The  Machpela  Cemetery  is  a  comparatively  small  Jewish  burying 
ground,  comprising  23  acres,  owned  by  the  congregation  of  the  temple 
Beth-El,  Lexington  Ave.  and  63d  St.,  and  located  on  high,  sandy  ground 
near  Cypress  Hills  Cemetery.  The  rules  of  this  cemetery  require  lot  own- 
ers to  erect  stone  pillars  at  the  boundary  of  their  purchases,  and  to  keep 
their  plots  constantly  in  good  order.  Obedience  to  the  rules,  of  which  this 
is  the  most  severe,  is  strictly  enforced.  Members  of  other  religious  faiths 
may  be  interred  in  these  grounds.  Union  Field  and  New  Union  Field, 
Jewish  cemeteries  adjoining  Machpela,  are  under  the  same  manage- 
ment. The  shortest  route  from  New  York  to  this  cemetery  is  by  Houston, 
Grand  or  Roosevelt  St.  ferries  to  Brooklyn,  and  thence  by  surface  and  steam 
cars  to  the  entrance. 

Macphelah  Cemetery  is  a  small  Protestant  cemetery  in  which  neither 
Jews  nor  Catholics  are  allowed  to  be  buried,  situated  near  New  Durham, 
New  Jersey.  It  is  owned  by  the  Third  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church, 
23d  St.,  between  7th  and  8th  Aves.  This  cemetery,  while  making  no  pre- 
tense to  elaborate  adornment,  is  tastefully  kept,  and  is  embellished  with 
many  beautiful  monuments.  A  station  of  the  Midland  R.  R.  of  New  Jer- 
sey is  within  three  blocks  of  the  cemetery  gate.  The  New  York  depot  of 
this  railroad  is  at  the  foot  of  Liberty  St. 

Maple  Grove  Cemetery  is  in  the  western  part  of  the  town  of  Jamaica, 
on  a  beautiful  range  of  hills  which  run  through  the  centre  of  Long  Island, 
about  nine  miles  easterly  from  the  heart  of  New  York  City.  This  situation 
was  selected  as  offering  advantages  for  a  rural  cemetery  superior  to  any 
that  could  be  found  elsewhere  in  the  suburbs  of  the  metropolis,  far  enough 
from  the  cities  to  make  it  safe  from  encroachment.  Its  excellent  means  of 
communication  bring  it  nearer  to  New  York  and  Brooklyn  than  many  of 
the  other  large  cemeteries.     The  grounds,  which  are  at  an  elevation  rang- 


CEMETERIES  AND   CREMATORIES.  283 

ing  from  ioo  to  150  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  are  well  wooded  and  of 
a  very  diversified  topography.  The  elevated  position  of  this  cemetery  has 
been  taken  advantage  of  in  making  it  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  im- 
pressive of  all  the  suburban  cities  of  the  dead.  The  shortest  route  to  the 
cemetery  is  by  34th  St.  ferry  and  the  Long  Island  R.  R. 

Linden  Hill  Cemetery,  near  Middle  Village,  Long  Island,  is  owned 
by  the  German  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  254  Second  St.,  and  comprises 
about  10  acres  of  land.  It  is  a  favorite  burial  place  for  Germans.  The 
cemetery  is  non-sectarian,  and  a  large  plot  in  it  has  been  purchased  by  the 
Jews.  A  station  of  the  Long  Island  R.  R.  is  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of 
the  cemetery  gates. 

Marble  Cemetery,  on  the  north  side  of  Second  St.,  between  First  and 
Second  avenues,  is  one  of  the  burying  grounds  within  the  city  limits.  Al- 
most the  entire  space  within  the  walls  is  occupied  by  vaults,  in  which  in- 
terments are  still  made  under  certain  restrictions.  Many  vaults  and  elabo- 
rate monuments  have  been  erected  here. 

Mount  Hope  Cemetery,  a  small  burying  ground  owned  by  the  Free 
Masons  of  New  York,  is  situated  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town  of  Hast- 
ings. 

Mount  Neboh  Cemetery -is  situated  on  the  Fresh  Pond  road,  adjoining 
the  rear  of  Cypress  Hills  Cemetery,  and  is  well  kept  and  excellently  laid 
out.  It  may  be  visited  by  taking  any  of  the  routes  to  Cypress  Hills 
Cemetery. 

Mount  Olivet  Cemetery,  at  Maspeth,  Long  Island,  comprising  about 
60  acres  of  land,  was  incorporated  in  1850,  and  is  considered  one  of  the 
quietest  rural  cemeteries  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York.  The  grounds 
are  undulating  and  well  shaded  by  effectively  arranged  trees  and  tastefully 
kept  lawns;  shrubbery  and  innumerable  flower  beds  add  much  to  the 
charm  of  the  landscape.  From  some  of  the  eminences  within  the  cemetery 
extensive  views  of  the  neighboring  country  may  be  had.  Visitors  are  gen- 
erally impressed  with  the  atmosphere  of  repose  pervading  these  grounds. 
From  New  York  the  cemetery  may  be  reached  by  any  of  the  East  River 
ferries  to  Brooklyn  and  Long  Island  City,  and  thence  by  various  street  car 
lines. 

New  York  Bay  Cemetery  is  the  chief  Protestant  burying  ground  for 
Jersey  City,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  2  1-2  miles,  on  the  west  shore  of 
New  York  Bay.  It  is  much  patronized  by  New  Yorkers,  and  comprises 
about  100  acres  of  land,  gently  sloping  toward  the  water's  edge.  Chapel 
avenue,  beautifully  shaded  by  rows  of  large  elms  and  maples,  runs  through 
the  middle  of  the  cemetery,  and  affords  one  of  the  pleasantest  drives  in  the 
whole  neighborhood.  Some  of  the  great  transatlantic  steamship  companies 
own  plots  in  these  grounds.     The  shortest  route  to  the  cemetery  is  by  Cort- 


284  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

landt  or  Desbrosses  St.  ferry  to  Jersey  City,  and  thence  by  street  car  to  the 
gates. 

Salem  Fields  Cemetery  is  the  most  important  exclusively  Jewish 
burial  place  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York.  It  covers  about  5  5  acres  of 
land,  and  is  richly  embelished  with  works  of  art.  Many  granite  and  marble 
monuments  of  elaborate  design  have  been  erected  by  the  wealthy  Hebrew 
families  of  the  metropolis.  The  cemetery  is  owned  by  the  congregation  of 
Temple  Emanu-El,  5th  Ave.  and  43d  St.  The  grounds  are  adjacent  to  the 
Cypress  Hills  Cemetery,  and  may  be  approached  from  New  York  by  the 
ferries  to  Brooklyn,  and  hence  by  street  car  lines. 

Rockland  Cemetery,  nearSparkill,  N.Y.,  occupies  a  commanding  and  pic- 
turesque site  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  along  the  plateau  of  the 
Palisades.  It  is  about  25  miles  from  the  New  York  Post  Office,  and  may  easily 
be  reached  by  the  Chambers  St.  ferry  and  the  Northern  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  During 
the  past  ten  years  it  has  begun  to  rank  among  the  great  suburban  Cities  of 
the  Dead.  It  would  probably  be  almost  impossible  to  find  in  the  entire 
Union  a  location  more  varied  or  romantic  in  the  beauty  of  its  natural  scenery. 

Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery,  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
one  mile  from  Tarry  town,  in  Westchester  County,  is  without  a  rival  among 
the  metropolitan  burying  places  in  the  grandeur  and  beauty  of  its  location. 
The  surface  of  its  grounds  is  undulating  and  presents  every  variety  of 
landscape.  Its  knolls  command  wide  stretches  of  Hudson  River  scenery. 
Potcantico  River,  a  beautiful  mountain  stream,  ripples  and  eddies  merrily 
through  the  grounds.  The  site  of  the  cemetery  is  rich  in  legendary  lore 
and  full  of  historical  interest.  During  the  American  Revolution  a  portion 
of  these  grounds  was  fortified  as  a  redoubt  by  the  patriots.  Here  the  first 
white  settlers  of  this  region  were  buried.  Many  of  the  headstones  which 
they  erected  still  stand,  but  their  inscriptions  have  become  obliterated 
through  age.  The  older  graveyard  has  been  superseded  by  the  superbly 
adorned  modern  cemetery,  upon  which  many  millions  of  dollars  have  been 
spent.  Washington  Irving,  christening  this  cemetery  "Sleepy  Hollow," 
wrote  :  "If  ever  I  should  wish  for  a  retreat  whither  I  might  steal  from  the 
world  and  its  distractions  *  *  *  I  know  of  none  more  promising  than 
this  little  valley."  Here  this  celebrated  author  spent  many  an  hour  in  mus- 
ing on  the  beauties  of  the  great  rustic  scene.  Its  remoteness  from  New 
York  and  its  rural  surroundings  will  probably  protect  it  for  many  centuries 
to  come  from  the  inevitable  fate  which,  earlier  or  later,  overtakes  all  burial 
places  that  check  the  growth  of  cities.  Many  distinguished  citizens  of  New 
York  are  buried  within  these  grounds.  The  Tarrytown  station  of  the  New 
York  Central  R.  R.  is  about  20  minutes'  walk  from  the  cemetery  gates. 

Trinity  Cemetery,  10th  Ave.,  between  153rd  and  155th  Sts.,  com- 
prises 36  acres,  enclosed  by  a  massive  stone  wall,  and  is  the  property  of  the 


CEMETERIES  AND   CREMATORIES.  285 

Trinity  Church  corporation.  The  cemetery  extends  westward  to  within  a 
few  hundred  feet  of  the  Hudson  River.  Eleventh  Avenue  divides  the  grounds 
into  two  sections,  which  are  connected  by  a  bridge,  the  main  entrance 
being  in  ioth  Ave.  There  is  a  noticeable  absence  of  display  among  the  mon- 
uments, which  are  very  numerous,  and  appear  to  nestle  beneath  the  heavily 
foliaged  trees.  There  are  many  private  vaults.  A  great  many  of  the  lead- 
ing families  of  the  city  own  plots  in  this  cemetery.  The  elevated  railway 
station  at  155th  St.  and  8th  Ave.  is  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of  the  gates. 

Trinity  Church  Graveyard,  surrounding  Trinity  Church,  was  in 
the  early  days  of  New  York  the  principal  Protestant  Episcopal  burying- 
ground  within  the  city.  The  most  noteworthy  monuments  within  it  are: 
The  Martyrs'  monument,  erected  in  memory  of  the  Revolutionary  prisoners 
who  died  on  board  the  old  prison  ship,  in  the  provost  prison,  and  at  other 
points  in  New  York;  Charlotte  Temple's  grave,  marked  by  a  large  Montreal 
brownstone  slab;  the  grave  of  William  Bradford,  the  publisher  of  the  first 
newspaper  in  New  York,  The  New  York  Gazette;  the  mausoleum  erected 
to  the  memory  of  Captain  Lawrence  and  Lieutenant  Ludlow  of  the  frigate 
Chesapeake,  who  died  in  the  battle  with  the  British  sloop  Shannon;  the 
Livingston  tomb,  in  which  are  interred  the  remains  of  Robert  Fulton;  the 
grave  of  Albert  Gallatin,  one  of  the  earliest  and  greatest  Secretaries  of  the 
U.  S.  Treasury;  the  tomb  of  Lord  Stirling,  of  the  Revolutionary  army;  and 
Alexander  Hamilton's  monument.  Many  graves  of  noted  persons  are  also 
in  the  graveyard  of  St.  Paul's  Chapel,  a  few  blocks  farther  up  Broadway. 

Washington  Cemetery  is  about  half  way  between  Prospect  Park, 
Brooklyn,  and  Coney  Island.  It  embraces  100  acres  of  land.  Many  metro- 
politan societies  and  lodges  have  plots  within  its  grounds.  This  cemetery 
is  a  favorite  burial  place  for  Hebrews.  It  is  used  about  equally  by  the 
people  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  is  on  the  line  of  the  Coney  Island 
Railroad. 

Woodlawn  Cemetery  occupies  an  elevated  site  at  Woodlawn,  in  the 
northern  part  of  New  York  City,  and  comprises  about  400  acres  of  tastefully 
laid  out  grounds.  It  is  the  largest  burial  place  within  the  limits  of  the  city, 
and  is  much  patronized  by  the  wealthier  classes  on  account  of  its  accessi- 
bility and  the  attractiveness  and  beauty  of  its  location.  The  cemetery  is 
adorned  with  many  artistically  wrought  monuments  and  tombs.  A  large 
number  of  prominent  men  and  women  have  been  interred  here. 

Crematories. 

Cremation  has  during  recent  years  been  much  advocated  as  a  method 
of  disposing  of  the  dead.  The  growing  popularity  of  this  idea  is  empha- 
sized by  the  existence  and  continually  increasing  patronage  of  the  crema- 
tories in  the  vicinity  of  New  York.     The  principal  institution  of  this  kind 


286  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

near  the  city  is  that  conducted  by  the  United  States  Cremation  Co.,  at 
Fresh  Pond  Station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  four  miles  east  of 
the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  The  process  of  cremation  essentially  consists  in  the 
reduction  of  the  body  to  ashes  by  subjecting  it  to  the  intense  heat  of  from 
2,500°  to  3,ooo0  Fahrenheit  in  a  furnace  built  for  the  purpose.  The  body  is 
first  placed  in  a  chilled  steel  retort,  to  which  the  flames  have  no  access.  It 
retains  its  form  until  after  the  opening.of  the  receptacle,  when  it  crumbles 
to  ashes  from  contact  with  the  air.  The  gasses  evolved  during  the  process 
are  consumed  before  leaving  the  building  in  an  apparatus  constructed  for 
that  purpose. 

Every  incineration  must  be  attended  by  some  relative  of  the  deceased 
person  or  representative  of  the  family.  The  fee  for  cremation  alone  is  $35. 
No  special  preparation  of  the  body  or  clothing  is  necessary.  The  body  is 
always  incinerated  in  the  clothing  in  which  it  is  received.  It  is  usually  ar- 
ranged that  the  final  service  terminates  prior  to  the  removal  of  the  body  to 
the  crematory,  but  ceremonies  when  desired  may  be  held  there  immediately 
before  incineration.  The  coffin  in  which  the  body  is  taken  to  the  crematory 
is  subsequently  burned,  except  in  cases  of  death  from  contagious  disease, 
when  it  is  burned  with  the  body.  Incineration  may  be  as  private  as  the 
friends  of  the  deceased  person  desire.  On  the  day  following  the  ceremony 
the  ashes  are  delivered  in  a  suitable  receptacle  to  the  relatives  or  friends 
appointed  to  receive  them.  The  crematory  is  reached  most  conveniently 
from  New  York  by  East  34th  St.  or  James  Slip  ferry  to  Long  Island  City, 
and  thence  by  Long  Island  Railroad  to  Fresh  Pond  Station.  It  may  also 
be  reached  from  Brooklyn  by  various  street  car  lines. 


SUBURBS. 


Residential  Centres  in  Brooklyn,  Long  Island  and  Staten  Island,  in 
New  York,  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey — The  Harbor,  Rivers 
and  Islands. 


Because  of  its  contracted  area  Manhattan  Island  long  ago  ceased  to 
furnish  adequate  accommodations  for  the  vast  army  of  toilers  who  make 
their  living  within  its  boundaries.  Land,  being  scarce,  was  exceedingly 
valuable,  and  naturally  rents  ranged  so  high  that  the  man  of  moderate 
means  could  ill  afford  to  rent  an  entire  house.  The  best  he  could  do  was  to 
hire  a  flat  or  an  apartment,  or  if  this  was  unsatisfactory  he  was  compelled 
to  seek  a  residence  off  the  island.  This  state  of  affairs  has  resulted  in  build- 
ing up  a  suburban  system  unequalled  anywhere.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  fully  one-half  the  people  employed  within  the  city  limits  make  their 
homes  in  the  suburbs.  They  come  in  to  their  work  in  the  morning  and  go 
out  again  at  night.  All  these  people  belong  to  the  ambitious,  intelligent, 
wide-awake  class,  and  they  have  built  up  homes  for  themselves  which  com- 
bine the  conveniences  of  the  city  with  the  comforts  to  be  found  only  in  the 
country.  The  means  of  communication  between  these  outlying  residence 
sections  and  the  city  are  of  the  highest  order,  and  the  suburban  district  has 
been  extended  year  by  year,  until  now  it  practically  embraces  every  point 
within  a  radius  of  eighty  miles  from  the  New  York  City  Hall.  For  purposes 
of  convenient  reference  it  can  best  be  divided  into  five  divisions,  namely, 
Brooklyn,  Long  Island,  Staten  Island,  New  Jersey,  and  New  York  State 
and  Connecticut. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn  (pop.,  957,163)  is  the  capital  of  Kings  County,  Long  Island,  and 
is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  East  River  opposite  New  York.  In 
size,  in  manufacturing  and  in  commerce  it  is  the  fourth  city  of  the  United 
States. 

There  are  17,487  acres  in  the  city  territory,  which  is  7  3-4  miles  in  its 
greatest  length  from  north  to  south  and  7  1-3  miles  in  its  greatest  breadth 
from  east  to  west.  It  is  noted  particularly  as  a  place  of  residence.  Hun- 
dreds of  New  York  business  and  workingmen  have  their  homes  there  and 
the  city  is  often  facetiously  called  "New  York's  Bedroom."    The  appella- 


288  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

tion  " The  City  of  Churches"  has  also  been  given  to  it.  Access  to  the  city 
from  New  York  is  principally  by  the  East  River  Bridge  (fare  3  cents  in  the 
cars),  from  Park  Row  opposite  City  Hall  Park.  At  the  Brooklyn  terminus 
connection  is  made  with  the  elevated  railroads  and  the  principal  street  car 
lines,  giving  quick  communication  with  all  parts  of  the  city.  There  are  also 
ferry  boats  which  run  from  Catherine  St.  to  Main  St. ,  Fulton  St.  to  Fulton 
St.,  Wall  Street  to  Montague  St.,  Whitehall  St.  to  Atlantic  st.,  Hamilton 
Ave.,  and  South  Brooklyn,  Roosevelt  St.  to  Broadway,  Houston  St.  to 
Grand  St.,  Grand  St.  to  Broadway  and  Grand  St.,  E  23d  St.  to  Broadway 
and  Greenpoint  and  E  10th  St.  to  Greenpoint.  These  boats  run  every  5  or  10 
minutes  during  the  busy  hours  of  the  day  and  every  15  to  30  minutes  in  the 
night. 

The  city  is  divided  into  the  Eastern  and  Western  districts,  and  includes 
within  its  borders  several  places  that  have  distinctly  local  designations,  such 
as  Williamsburgh,  New  Brooklyn,  South  Brooklyn,  East  New  York,  Bush- 
wick,  Columbia  Heights,  Greenpoint,  and  Bedford.  The  Heights  is  one  of 
the  aristocratic  residence  districts.  It  is  a  high  bluff  overlooking  the  East 
River  and  New  York  Bay  and  has  many  elegant  residences. 

The  City  Hall,  at  the  junction  of  Fulton,  Court  and  Joralemon  Sts.,  is  a 
fine  architectural  structure  of  white  marble  in  the  Ionic  style.  On  the  ground 
floor  it  is  126  x  102  feet,  and  the  three  stories  and  basement  are  75  feet  high. 
A  clock  tower  rises  from  the  roof  to  the  height  of  153  feet  from  the  ground. 
Six  handsome  columns  support  the  roof  of  the  portico.  On  the  plaza  in 
front  of  the  building  is  a  statue  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  the  late 
pastor  of  Plymouth  Church. 

The  Court  House  is  near  the  City  Hall  in  Fulton  St.,  a  Corinthian  edi- 
fice of  marble  64  feet  high  with  a  beautiful  cupola  rising  40  feet  above  the 
roof.     It  cost  over  $500,000. 

The  Academy  of  Music  is  in  Montague  street  near  the  City  Hall,  a 
brick  building  with  stone  trimmings,  erected  in  i860  at  a  cost  of  over  $200,- 
000.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  2,300  and  is  used  for  operatic  and  dra-  • 
matic  performances  and  for  large  public  gatherings. 

The  Art  Association  Building  adjoins  the  Academy  of  Music.  It  is  an 
ornamental  brown  stone  Gothic  structure.  In  its  galleries  are  held  the  pic- 
ture exhibitions  of  the  Brooklyn  Art  Association  and  of  the  Brooklyn  Art 
Club. 

The  Brooklyn  Library  is  in  a  fine  Gothic  building  in  Montague  street, 
near  Fulton.  The  building  cost  about  $150,000,  and  was  erected  in  1868. 
There  is  a  circulating  library  of  over  100,000  volumes  and  a  large  and  valu- 
able reference  library. 

The  Municipal  Building  adjoins  the  Court  House  in  the  rear  of  the  City 
Hall.     It  is  a  handsome  marble  structure  and  is  occupied  by  several  depart- 


SUBURBS.  280 

ments  of  the  City  Government.  In  a  vault  near  by  are  13  coffins  that  hold 
the  remains  of  the  victims  of  the  fever  ships  in  1808. 

The  Hall  of  Records,  occupied  by  the  County  Clerk,  Register  and  Sur- 
rogate, at  Fulton  street  and  Boerum  Place,  is  a  handsome  white  limestone 
building,  three  stories  high,  in  the  classic  Renaissance  style.  It  cost 
$275,000. 

The  Long  Island  Historical  Society  has  a  large  brick  building  at  Clin- 
ton and  Pierrepont  streets.  The  treasures  of  the  society  consist  of  a  valua- 
ble library  in  which  are  over  40,000  volumes  and  as  many  pamphlets,  some 
of  which  are  exceedingly  rare,  and  a  museum  containing  many  things  of 
historical  interest.     Admission  is  only  on  introduction  by  a  member. 

The  group  of  buildings  in  the  vicinity  of  the  City  Hall  is  remarkable  in 
number,  size,  importance  and  architectural  worth. 

The  Federal  Building,  a  great  edifice  of  granite  has  recently  been  com- 
pleted m  Washington  street,  near  Fulton.  This  is  165  feet  square  with 
four  stories  and  basement  and  a  tall  tower. 

Plymouth  Church,  where  Henry  Ward  Beecher  preached  for  a  genera- 
tion, is  in  Orange  street,  off  Fulton  street,  a  few  minutes'  walk  from  the 
Bridge.  It  is  an  unpretentious  brick  structure  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
2,800.  Strangers  are  always  welcome.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Lyman  Abbott  is 
now  the  pastor.  Mr.  Beecher  lived  and  died  at  124  Hicks  street,  which  is  not 
far  from  the  church. 

Pratt  Institute,  a  celebrated  educational  institution,  is  in  Ryerson  street. 
It  is  devoted  to  manual  training  and  is  free  to  students  of  both  sexes.  It 
is  the  largest  and  best  equipped  institution  of  its  class  in  the  United  States, 
and  has  annually  about  2,500  pupils. 

Dr.  Talmage's  New  Brooklyn  Tabernacle,  at  the  corner  of  Clinton 
and  Greene  Aves.,  can  be  reached  by  Kings  County  Elevated  railway, 
Vanderbilt  avenue  station,  or  Greene  avenue  cars  from  the  Bridge  and 
Fulton  ferry.  A  large,  handsome  structure  of  brick,  recently  built  after 
the  destruction  of  the  old  Tabernacle  by  fire.  Seats  about  3,000  in  the 
main  church  room,  and  has  besides  a  number  of  large  Sunday  school 
and  meeting  rooms.  Regular  services  Sunday  morning  and  evening,  at 
which  Dr.  Talmage  preaches.     The  seats  are  free. 

The  Atlantic  docks  in  extent  and  completeness  are  comparable  only 
with  the  famous  docks  of  Liverpool.  They  are  on  the  southern  shore 
facing  Governor's  Island.  The  great  basin  in  which  they  lie  covers  40 
acres,  and  will  accommodate  500  vessels  at  a  time.  There  are  3,000  feet  of 
pier  line,  and  2  miles  of  wharves.  Twenty  acres  are  covered  with  brick  and 
granite  warehouses,  and  there  are  9  steam  grain  elevators  of  great  capacity. 

Washington  Park  is  a  sightly  elevation  between  Myrtle  and  De  Kalb 
Aves.  and  Canton  and  Cumberland  Sts.,  a  short  distance  to  the  east  of  the 


290  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

City  Hall.  It  occupies  the  site  of  what  was  once  Fort  Greene,  a  fortifica- 
tion of  much  military  importance  during  the  Revolution.  There  are  30 
acres  in  the  pleasure  ground,  which  has  been  attractively  laid  out.  On 
Myrtle  Ave.  at  Canton  St.  is  an  ornamental  entrance,  consisting  of  impos- 
ing terraces  of  granite.  Beneath  the  terraces  is  the  tomb  of  the  unfortun- 
ate American  soldiers  who  died  in  the  "  black  hole  "  of  the  British  prison 
ship  "  Jersey,"  which  was  moored  in  the  East  River  during  the  Revolution. 
The  broad  paved  plaza  in  front  of  the  terrace  is  used  by  children  for  a 
play  ground,  and  many  out-door  public  mass  meetings  are  held  there. 
Street  cars  or  the  elevated  railroad  from  the  Bridge  and  the  ferries  give  ac- 
cess to  the  Myrtle  Ave.  entrance  to  this  Park. 

The  Navy  Yard  is  the  most  important  naval  station  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  on  Wallabout  Bay,  and  street  cars  from  Fulton  ferry  and 
the  Bridge  pass  by  it.  There  is  a  mile  of  fine  wharfage  on  the  144  acres  of 
land.  The  granite  dry  dock,  which  cost  over  $2,000,000,  is  a  mammoth 
structure  unsurpassed  by  anything  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  307  feet 
long  by  98  feet  wide.  A  still  larger  dock  now  building  will  be  465  feet 
long  by  210  feet  wide.  The  largest  vessels  afloat  can  be  accommodated  in 
it.  The  Naval  Lyceum,  occupying  a  plain  substantial  building  in  the  yard, 
has  a  valuable  library  and  collections  of  minerals  and  curiosities  from  all 
parts  of  the  world.  Extensive  marine  barracks  adjoin  the  yard,  and  there 
are  many  old-fashioned  but  comfortable,  houses  for  the  officers  and  prin- 
cipal attaches.  Near  at  hand,  across  the  bay,  is  the  Naval  Hospital,  where 
there  are  accommodations  for  500  patients.  A  deal  of  work  in  repairing 
and  construction  is  done  in  the  Yard,  and  generally  there  are  one  or  more 
of  the  big  war  ships  stationed  here.  A  commodore  of  the  United  States 
Navy  has  charge  of  the  establishment. 

Prospect  Park  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  parks  in  the  world.  It  is 
550  acres  in  extent  and  is  located  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  city. 
Horse  cars  from  all  parts  of  the  city  and  from  the  ferries  give  access  to  it. 
The  site  is  historic,  for  the  battle  of  Long  Island  in  1776  was  fought  here. 
In  Battle  Pass  is  a  tablet  commemorating  that  event.  Topographically 
the  grounds  are  admirable.  There  are  broad  meadows  and  high  wooded 
hills  from  which  are  views  of  New  York  City,  New  Jersey  and  the  waters 
of  the  adjacent  rivers,  harbor,  and  the  Atlantic.  The  park  is  of  entirely  arti- 
ficial construction,  but  it  has  been  all  the  appearance  of  having  been  devel- 
oped from  a  wild  state  of  nature  in  woodland  and  meadow.  It  is  handsome 
with  grand  old  trees  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  artists  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn,  who  have  painted  many  pictures  from  it 

The  territory  included  in  the  park  was  bought  in  1866  for  $5,000,000, 
and  in  the  work  of  improving  and  developing  it  many  more  millions  have 
been  expended.    There  are  8  miles  of  drives,   3%  miles  of  bridle  road 


SUBURBS.  291 

and  1 1  miles  of  rambles  and  pathways  for  pedestrians,  lined  with  trees. 
Drinking  fountains,  arbors,  rustic  shelters  and  restaurants  are  numerous. 
There  is  a  lake  of  61  acres  for  boating  in  summer  and  skating  in  winter,  a 
Lookout  Concourse  on  the  highest  hill  in  the  grounds,  a  Terrace  where 
there  are  charming  flower  gardens,  sheep  on  the  lawn,  water  fowl  on  the 
lake,  a  herd  of  deer,  and  bears  and  other  animals.  The  parade  ground 
covers  25  acres  and  is  used  for  military  affairs,  base  ball,  tennis  and  other 
sports.  The  principal  entrance  to  the  park  is  in  Flatbush  Ave.,  where  there 
is  a  broad  paved  plaza,  a  handsome  fountain,  a  statue  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
and  a  memorial  arch  that  is  one  of  the  handsomest  structures  of  its  kind  in 
the  United  States.  Several  boulevards  have  been  projected  in  connection 
with  the  park,  and  one  of  these,  6  miles  long  and  210  feet  wide,  has  been 
completed  to  the  ocean.  On  Saturdays  and  Sundays  during  the  summer 
there  is  music  for  the  public  at  the  music  stand  by  the  lake.  Greenwood 
Cemetery,  one  of  the  famous  burial  places  of  the  world,  is  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  in  a  southerly  direction  from  Prospect  Park. 

Elevated  Railroads. — In  many  respects  the  most  complete  in  the 
world.  The  system  has  been  gradually  extended  until  at  the  present 
time  passengers  can  reach  almost  any  part  of  the  city  by  their  use. 
Their  erection  has  caused  a  wonderful  development  of  the  outlying  sec- 
tions of  the  city.  Where  formerly  there  were  vast  stretches  of  vacant  land, 
houses  have  sprung  up  as  if  by  magic.  Individual  building  operations 
sometimes  cover  several  acres,  where  speculative  builders  have  erected 
houses  in  long  rows,  reaching  from  block  to  block.  Towards  East  New 
York  this  kind  of  building  has  been  especially  noticeable,  and  during  the 
last  few  years  thousands  of  substantial  dwellings  have  gone  up  in  this 
territory.  Most  of  these  are  owned  by  people  doing  business  in  New 
York,  who  have  been  able  to  purchase  the  houses  and  grounds  on  easy 
terms.  This  system  is  gradually  making  Brooklyn  a  "  City  of  Homes" 
that  will  rival  Philadelphia,  if  it  has  not  already  reached  it..  The  Ele- 
vated roads  are  controlled  by  two  companies,  the  Brooklyn  and  Union, 
and  the  Kings  County. 

The  Brooklyn  and  Union  controls  a  large  system  which  radiates  all  over 
the  city.  The  Brooklyn  Bridge,  Grand  and  Lexington  avenue  line  runs 
from  the  Bridge  to  East  New  York.  The  Fifth  avenue  line  runs  from  the 
Bridge  to  Greenwood  Cemetery.  Only  a  block  or  so  from  the  ter- 
minus are  the  tracks  of  the  Electric  cars  which  run  to  Bay  Ridge  and  Fort 
Hamilton.  The  Broadway  line  runs  from  the  ferry  at  the  foot  of  Broad- 
way, where  the  New  York  ferry-boats  land  from  23d  and  Roosevelt  and 
Grand  streets,  to  East  New  York  and  Eastern  Park. 

The  Myrtle  avenue  line  runs  from  Fulton  avenue  to  Ridgewood,  where 
are  located  the  Ridgewood  Base  Ball  Park,  the  Ridgewood  Reservoir,  and 


292  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

a  large  collection  of  picnic  grounds.  The  fare  on  all  the  Elevated  roads  is 
5  cents,  and  by  a  system  of  transfers  on  the  Brooklyn  and  Union  lines, 
the  traveller  may  reach  almost  any  part  of  Brooklyn  for  one  fare. 

Kings  County  Elevated  Railway. 

Every  stranger  or  tourist  visiting  New  York  should  not  fail  to  take  a 
trip  over  the  Kings  County  Elevated  Railway,  which  runs  from  Fulton 
Ferry  and  from  Brooklyn  Bridge  along  Fulton  St.  to  East  New  York,  a 
distance  of  seven  miles,  for  five  cents  fare.  After  leaving  Court  St. 
station,  the  train  passes  the  City  Hall  with  the  famed  statue  of  Henry 
Ward  Beecher  in  front,  the  County  Court  House  and  Hall  of  Records. 
Near  Elm  Place  and  Dufneld  St.  stations  are  some  of  the  finest  Dry 
Goods  Emporiums  in  the  world,  rivalling  the  displays  in  the  shops  of 
the  Palais  Royal  or  the  Bon  Marche  of  Paris,  also  the  handsome 
building  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  At  Franklin  Ave.  the  passenger  must 
change  cars  for  Brighton  Beach,  which  can  be  reached  in  20  minutes, 
fare  15  cents.  At  Manhattan  Crossing,  which  is  within  one  minute's 
walk  of  the  Cemetery  of  the  Evergreens,  direct  connection  is  made 
with  the  Electric  Road,  which  passes  the  entrances  to  the  following 
cemeteries:  National  Soldiers,  Salem  Field,  Jewish  Cemetery,  Union 
Fields,  Cypress  Hills  and  Mt.  Nebor.  Ridgewood  Reservoir,  and 
Ridgewood  Park,  from  which  is  obtained  a  fine  view  of  Jamaica  Bay,  the 
ocean  and  the  surrounding  country,  is  also  on  the  line  of  this  road,  which 
extends  to  Woodhaven  and  Jamaica.  At  Eastern  Park  Station  is  the  Ball 
Ground  of  the  Brooklyn  Base  Ball  Club.  Montauk  Ave.  is  the  present  ter- 
minus of  the  Road.  The  entire  trip  can  be  made  from  the  Bridge  to  the 
end  of  the  road  in  35  minutes. 

Brooklyn  and  Brighton  Beach  Railroad. 

The  Brooklyn  and  Brighton  Beach  Railroad  makes  close  connection  at 
the  Franklin  Ave.  station  of  the  Kings  County  Elevated  Railway.  Fare, 
15c;  excursion,  25c;  time  20  minutes.  This  road  reaches  the  finest  beach 
for  bathing  on  the  Atlantic  Coast.  A  first-class  hotel  is  open  there  during 
the  summer  season. 

Brooklyn  and  Rockaway  Beach  Railroad. 

This  road  makes  close  connection  at  the  Atlantic  Ave.  station  of  the 
Kings  County  Elevated  Railway  for  Canarsie  Landing,  Canarsie  Village 
and  Grove,  and  the  Company's  steam  ferry  to  Rockaway  Beach.  It  affords 
by  far  the  pleasantest  route  to  the  ocean  beach,  and  is  also  largely  patron- 
ized by  the  lovers  of  good  fishing,  which  may  be  had  on  the  waters  of 
Jamaica  Bay. 

Canarsie  Landing,  the  railroad  terminus,  has  several  excellent  and  one 
large  first-class  hotel,  where  refreshments  of  all  kinds  are  served,  from  a  simole. 


SUBURBS.  293 

dish  of  chowder  or  shell  fish  to  the  more  elaborate  fish  dinner  or  the  regular 
menu  of  a  metropolitan  restaurant  a  la  carte.  During  the  regular  season  a 
military  band  discourses  popular  music  in  front  of  the  Bay  View  Hotel  from 
2  o'clock  to  ii  o'clock  P.M.,  daily.  Excursion  fares  to  Rockaway  Beach,  35 
cents.  Boat  trains  every  hour  on  the  half  hour.  To  Canarsie  Landing, 
excursion  20  cents;  trains  every  half  hour,  except  Sundays  and  holidays, 
when  interval  is  reduced  to  10  or  20  minutes,  as  travel  may  require. 

Long  Island. 

Long  Island  is  a  place  of  homes  and  of  manufacturing  and  agricultural 
industries.  During  the  season  excursion  steamers  run  to  the  popular  sum- 
mer resorts.  Long  Island  R.  R.  trains  start  from  the  depot  in  Long  Island 
City,  which  is  reached  by  the  ferry  from  East  34th  St. 

Astoria  (single  fare  3  cents;  ferry  from  East  g2d  St.)  is  a  suburb  of 
Long  Island  City  and  lies  along  the  East  River,  opposite  Blackwell's  Island. 
A  generation  and  more  ago  the  boulevard  along  the  line  of  the  river  was  a 
fashionable  place  of  residence  for  wealthy  New  York  merchants.  Many  of 
the  old  mansions  still  remain,  but  in  a  decaying  condition.  Steinway,  part 
of  Astoria,  is  a  village  that  has  sprung  up  around  the  Steinway  pianoforte 
manufactory.  Astoria  received  its  name  from  the  Astors,  who  formerly 
lived  there. 

Bay  Ridge  (m.,  4f,  fare,  10c;  excursion,  20c.)  is  just  outside  the  city 
of  Brooklyn.  It  is  part  of  the  town  of  New  Utrecht  and  occupies  the  ridge 
that  extends  for  two  miles  or  more  along  the  shore  of  New  York  Bay  over- 
looking the  Narrows  from  Brooklyn  to  Fort  Hamilton.  It  was  originally 
settled  by  old  Dutch  families,  and  some  of  the  substantial  old  mansions  still 
remain.  It  is  now  being  rapidly  developed  as  a  place  of  suburban  homes. 
It  was  at  Bay  Ridge,  near  the  old  Van  Brunt  mansion,  that  Mosher,  one  of 
the  Charlie  Ross  abductors,  was  killed.  Now  on  the  site  of  the  old  Van 
Brunt  house  is  the  summer  house  of  the  Crescent  Athletic  Club  of  Brook- 
lyn. It  is  reached  by  ferry  from  the  foot  of  Whitehall  street  and  by  street 
cars  from  the  Brooklyn  Bridge. 

Babylon  (pop.,  6,049;  m->  37;  fare,  $1.10;  excursion,  $2.00)  is  a  fashion- 
able summer  resort  on  the  south  shore.  It  has  several  fine  hotels  and  a 
considerable  all-the-y ear-around  population.  The  preserve  of  the  West- 
minster Kennel  Club  is  there.  Among  the  handsome  mansions  are  those 
of  the  late  August  Belmont  and  of  Austin  Corbin.  Argyle  Park  is  a  beau- 
tiful property  with  trees,  lakes,  winding  roads,  hotel  and  casino. 

Bellport  (pop.,  297;  m.,  58;  fare  $1.75;  excursion,  $3.15)  overlooks 
South  Bay,  part  of  it  being  a  high  bluff.  It  has  become  the  summer  home 
of  wealthy  people  and  many  costly  houses  have  been  erected.  Near  Bell- 
port  is  Smith's  Point,  where  you  can  still  see  the  breastworks  of  Fort  St. 


294  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

George,  a  British  stronghold  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  Much  of  the 
land  still  remains  in  the  possession  of  descendants  of  the  Captain  William 
Smith  who  patented  the  land  in  1693.  Members  of  the  Smith  family  are 
buried  in  the  cemetery  adjoining  the  fort,  and  near  by  is  the  house  where 
William  Floyd  Smith,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, lived. 

Central  Islip  (m.,  44;  fare,  $1.30;  excursion,  $2.35)  is  the  location  of 
the  Farm  Colony  for  the  chronic  insane  of  the  city  of  New  York,  estab- 
lished in  1884.  There  are  nine  pavilions  for  the  accommodation  of 
400  insane  persons. 

College  Point  (pop.,  5,000;  m.,  gy£;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  45c.)  is  on 
the  North  Shore,  between  Flushing  Bay  and  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is 
principally  a  manufacturing  town,  and  has  a  library,  a  free  technological 
institute,  and  a  reading  room. 

Easthampton  (pop.,  2,969;  m.,  102;  reached  by  stage  from  Sag  Har- 
bor, 7  miles;  fare,  $2.95;  excursion,  $5.30;  or  Bridgehampton  6  miles)  has 
been  noted  for  two  centuries,  and  has  many  picturesque  old  houses.  John 
Howard  Payne  lived  here  when  a  boy,  and  the  Rev.  Lyman  Beecher  was 
once  pastor  of  the  village  church.  In  the  village  cemetery  is  an  imposing 
monument  to  Lion  Gardiner,  the  lord  of  Gardiner  Island.  Clinton  Acad- 
emy, the  pride  of  the  place,  was  founded  in  1784.  Three  genuine  Holland 
wind-mills  are  in  the  town,  and  have  been  painted  hundreds  of  times  by 
artists  who  flock  here  every  summer.  The  Rev.  T.  DeWitt  Talmage  has  a 
summer  home  here. 

Flushing  (pop.,  20,816;  m.,  8;  fare,  20c;  exursion,  35c.)  stands  at  the 
head  of  Flushing  Bay  on  the  North  Shore.  It  is  a  beautiful  old-fashioned 
town,  and  is  largely  populated  by  New  York  business  men.  It  is  a  well- 
kept  town  with  all  the  municipal  advantages  of  a  large  city.  Its  educa- 
tional institutions,  both  public  and  private,  have  a  very  high  reputation. 

Flatbush  adjoins  Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn  (pop.,  12,625).  It  has  hand- 
some residences  and  many  old-time  features.  The  Kings  County  Alms- 
house, a  Lunatic  Asylum  and  a  large  hospital  are  located  there.  Horse 
cars  from  Brooklyn ;  fare,  5  cents. 

Fort  Hamilton  is  on  the  south  shore  below  Bay  Ridge  in  the  town  of 
New  Utrecht.  The  military  reservation  there  contains  96  acres.  There  is 
a  strong  fort  which  commands  the  Narrows  and  the  lower  bay.  The  place 
has  become  a  popular  excursion  summer  resort,  and  is  well  provided  with 
restaurants,  beer  gardens  and  other  amusement  features.  It  is  reached  by 
the  Brooklyn  horse  cars.  Immediately  in  front  of  Fort  Hamilton  is  the  brick 
circular  Fort  Lafayette  standing  in  the  water  of  the  Narrows.  This  was  a 
prison  for  political  offenders  during  the  war. 

Glen  Cove  (m.,  27J ;  fare,  s.,  55c. ;   excursion,   $1.00).      A  large  starch 


SUBURBS.  295 

factory  is  located  here,  and  there  are  boarding  houses  and  hotels  for 
summer  visitors. 

Garden  City  (m,  i8|;  fare,  55c;  excursion,  $1.00)  is  situated  on  Hemp- 
stead Plains.  It  is  the  Episcopal  Cathedral  City  of  Long  Island,  and 
the  residence  of  the  Bishop.  The  place  was  founded  by  A.  T.  Stewart, 
who  bought  the  land  in  1869  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $400,000.  It  is  now  a 
beautiful  little  country  town.  The  features  of  the  place  are  an  ex- 
cellent school,  a  casino,  a  park,  and  a  cathedral.  The  cathedral  is  a  superb 
specimen  of  Gothic  architecture  handsomely  decorated  within  and  without, 
as  is  the  mausoleum  of  the  Stewart  family  by  whom  it  was  built. 

Hampton  (pop.,  437;  m.,  74^;  fare,  $2.20;  excursion,  $3.95)  is  on  the 
South  Shore,  and  is  much  frequented.  The  old  Dix  farm  is  here,  occupied 
for  many  years  by  the  late  Gen.  John  A.  Dix  and  now  by  his  son,  the  Rev- 
Dr.  Morgan  Dix,  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York. 

Long  Island  City  (pop.,  35,745)  is  on  Long  Island  north  of  Brooklyn 
and  opposite  New  York  at  about  42nd  St.  It  is  reached  by  ferryboat,  fare 
$  .03,  from  East  Thirty -fourth  St.,  New  York,  to  Hunter's  Point.  The  ter- 
minus of  the  Long  Island  Railroad  is  at  Hunter's  Point,  where  there  is  a 
large  and  convenient  station.  In  the  vicinity  are  many  oil  refineries  and 
chemical  works. 

Mont  auk  Point  is  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  Long  Island.  It  is 
reached  by  carriage  from  Easthampton  or  by  boat  from  Sag  Harbor.  There 
is  a  small  summer  colony.  The  Montauk  Lighthouse  is  on  the  Point,  and 
there  is  a  life-saving  station. 

Newtown  (pop.,  19,776;  m.,  6;  fare,  15c;  excursion,  25c.)  can  also  be 
reached  by  electric  cars  from  Hunter's  Point,  Long  Island  City,  and  by 
many  street  car  lines  from  Brooklyn.  It  is  an  old-fashioned  country  village 
that  has  gradually  come  into  prominence  as  a  burial  ground  for  New  York, 
Brooklyn  and  vicinity.  There  are  over  twenty  cemeteries  in  the  town 
ranging  in  extent  from  one  acre  to  four  hundred  acres,  and  1,800,000  dead 
have  been  buried  in  them.  There  also  is  the  Fresh  Pond  Crematory  at  the 
Fresh  Pond  Station  in  this  town. 

Queens  (m.,  13%;  fare,  40c.  excursion,  70c.)  is  principally  devoted 
to  farming  and  gardening.  There  are  many  extensive  nurseries  in  the 
neighborhood.  A  short  distance  from  Queens,  and  reached  by  stages,  is 
Creedmoor,  where  is  the  celebrated  American  rifle  range.  There  the 
National  Guard  of  the  State  of  New  York  practises. 

Quogue  (m.,  17^;  fare,  $2.30;  excursion,  $4.15)  was  frequented  in  years 
gone  by  by  Gov.  De  Witt  Clinton,  Daniel  Webster  and  other  great  men. 
It  is  famous  for  its  fishing  and  bathing. 

Roslyn  (pop.  1,101;  m.,  22;  fare,  55c;  excursion,  $1.00),  on  the  North 
Shore,  is  a  picturesque  village  among  the  hills,  a  short  distance  inland  from 


296  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 

Long  Island  Sound.  There  are  several  manufacturing  establishments  and 
an  observatory  which  is  on  the  highest  elevation  of  Long  Island.  William 
Cullen  Bryant  lived  and  died  there.  His  old-fashioned  home  is  still  stand- 
ing, and  his  grave  is  in  the  village  cemetery. 

Shelter  Island  (pop.,  907;  m.,  95;  ferry  from  Greenpoint,  the  termi- 
nus of  the  northern  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad)  is  almost  at  the 
extreme  eastern  end  of  Long  Island  at  the  mouth  of  Peconic  Bay.  It  is  a 
large,  picturesque  island,  well  wooded,  and  with  a  good  harbor.  It  was  a 
refuge  for  George  Fox  and  his  Quaker  followers  when  they  fled  from  their 
Puritan  persecutors  in  New  England.  Now  the  island  is  largely  occupied 
by  summer  residents.  The  old  Shelter  Island  Manor  House  is  still  stand- 
ing. There  are  several  good  hotels  and  several  hundred  handsome  cot- 
tages. Seven  miles  eastward  from  Shelter  Island,  across  Gardiner  Bay,  is 
Gardiner's  Island,  celebrated  in  colonial  and  revolutionary  days.  It  is  still 
owned  by  the  Gardiner  family,  and  has  a  small  colony  of  farmers. 

Sag  Harbor  (m.,  99^2;  fare,  $2.95;  excursion,  $5.30)  is  a  curious  old 
town,  the  terminus  of  the  southern  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad. 
Once  it  was  a  famous  old  whaling  port,  and  a  hundred  years  ago  it  had 
more  tonnage  of  square  rigged  vessels  engaged  in  commerce  than  the 
port  of  New  York.  There  are  several  manufacturing  establishments  in 
the  place,  and  many  summer  cottages  and  boarding  places. 

Southampton  (pop.,  8,041;  m.,  89^;  fare,  $2.65;  excursion,  $4.80)  is  an 
exclusive  and  fashionable  community,  the  home  of  wealthy  families  who 
have  built  many  costly  houses.  The  old  village  is  antique,  and  has  many 
features  of  historical  interest. 

Shinnecock  Hills  (m.,  85^;  fare,  $2.55;  excursion,  $4.60)  is  a  popular 
resort  with  artists  as  well  as  fashionable  summer  visitors.  A  summer 
school  of  art  calls  many  students  here  every  season.  The  remnant  of 
the  Shinnecock  tribe  of  Indians  still  lives  here.  A  couple  of  miles  dis- 
tant on  the  shore  is  Canoe  Place  with  an  old-fashioned  tavern  that  has  en- 
tertained man  and  beast  for  over  150  years.  Here  John  L.  Sullivan  trained 
for  his  disastrous  fight  with  Corbett.  The  ruins  of  an  old  fort  are  here, 
and  by  the  roadside  at  the  tavern  is  a  huge  wooden  figurehead  of  Her- 
cules that  once  belonged  to  the  United  States  warship  Ohio. 

Other  places  on  the  South  Shore  are  Bayswater,  a  fishing  resort; 
Lawrence,  an  exclusive  home  of  wealthy  folk;  Cedarhurst,  where  the 
Rockaway  Hunt  Club  has  its  Queen  Anne  Club  House;  Long  Beach, 
much  frequented  by  politicians;  Merrick,  with  its  famous  camp-meeting 
grounds;  Massapequa;  Amity ville,  with  its  Dominican  Convent  and  Home 
for  the  Insane;  Oak  dale,  which  contains  the  summer  home  of  William  K. 
Vanderbilt;  Patchogue,  and  Moriches. 

Other  interesting  places  along  the  North  Shore,  within  thirty  miles  of 


SUBURBS.  297 

New  York,  all  of  which  have  a  substantial,  permanent  population,  and  are 
favorite  summer  resorts  as  well,  are  College  Point,  devoted  to  manufac- 
tures; Whitestone,  near  which  is  the  fort  and  Government  reservation  at 
Willett's  Point;  Bayside;  Little  Neck,  famous  for  its  clams;  Great  Neck, 
which  contains  many  elegant  mansions;  Manhassett,  Glen  Head,  Sea  Cliff, 
Bayville,  Locust  Valley,  and  Oyster  Bay,  famous  for  its  asparagus.  Beyond, 
that  are  Huntington;  Northport,  a  place  of  shipyards  and  fishermen;  Smith- 
town,  with  its  5,000  acres  of  preserve  of  the  Brooklyn  Gun  Club;  ancient 
Port  Jefferson;  River  Head,  the  county  seat  at'  the  head  of  Peconic  Bay; 
Peconic,  and  Greenport,  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  northern  branch  of  the 
Long  Island  Railroad. 

Suburban  towns  of  Brooklyn  are  Richmond  Hill,  a  new  and  pretty  set- 
tlement; Woodhaven,  a  manufacturing  town;  Jamiaca,  an  old  town  with 
many  colonial  houses  and  several  notable  higher  educational  institutions; 
Hollis  and  Floral  Park,  and  East  Hinsdale,  where  there  are  many  seed  and 
flower  nurseries. 

Staten  Island. 

Staten  Island  constitutes  the  southern  boundary  of  New  York  harbor 
and  is  distant  from  the  Battery,  New  York,  a  little  more  than  five  miles.  It 
is  thirteen  miles  long,  and  comprises  58  1-2  square  miles.  In  the  interior 
are  two  ranges  of  hills,  well  wooded,  and  in  beauty  of  surroundings  and 
scenic  attractions  the  island  has  often  been  compared  wich  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
Communication  is  by  ferry  from  New  York  City.  The  boats  leave  the  slip 
at  Pier  1,  East  River,  at  the  foot  of  Whitehall  street,  every  twenty  minutes 
during  the  busy  hours  of  the  day.  The  trip  down  the  harbor  is  a  delightful 
one,  giving  views  of  Governor's  Island,  whereon  are  Fort  Columbus  and 
Castle  Williams;  of  Bedloe's  Island  with  the  statue  of  Liberty;  of  Jersey 
City  and  the  Hudson  River;  of  Brooklyn  and  the  East  River  with  the  won- 
derful East  River  Bridge,  and  the  Narrows,  through  which  the  ships  of  the 
world  sail  in  and  out.  St.  George  is  the  Staten  Island  terminus  of  the  ferry. 
There  connection  is  made  with  the  trains  of  the  Staten  Island  Rapid  Tran- 
sit Railroad,  which  is  the  only  means  of  communication  with  all  parts  of  the 
island. 

Arrochar  (m.,  8^  ;  fare,  10c. ;  excursion,  20c,)  is  the  southern 
terminus  of  the  railroad.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  station  is  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  and  attractive  spots  of  the  island.  A  few  moments' 
walk  from  the  station  is  the  South  Beach. 

Clifton  (m.,  7;  fare,  10c. ;  excursion,  20c.)  was  formerly  known  as 
Vanderbilt's  Landing.  Garibaldi,  the  Italian  patriot,  at  one  time  resided 
here  and  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  tallow  candles.  The 
house  in  which  he  lived  is  still  standing.     The  boarding  station  of  the  Health 


298  THE   SUN'S    GUIDE   TO    NEW   YORK. 

Officer  of  the  Port  of  New  York  is  at  Clifton.     There  are  several  breweries 
in  the  place. 

Fort  Wadsworth  (m.,  7%;  fare,  10c. ;  excursion,  20c.)  is  a  United 
States  Government  reservation,  overlooking  the  Narrows.  Near  the 
shore  is  a  great  stone  fort,  and  behind  this,  rising  inland,  are  the  mas- 
sive earthworks  of  Fort  Tompkins,  which  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  de- 
fensive structures  in  the  country.  A  military  force  is  always  stationed 
here. 

Grant  City  (m.,  10;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  40c.)  is  attractive  by  reason 
of  its  associations  with  the  celebrated  Vanderbilt  family.  Not  far  from 
the  station  is  the  old  Moravian  church  and  cemetery  with  the  costly 
Vanderbilt  mausoleum,  which  was  erected  of  Quincy  granite  at  a  cost  of 
$200,000,  after  designs  by  architect  Richard  M.  Hunt.  Adjoining  the  cem- 
etery are  the  old  church  and  parsonage,  built  in  1763,  and  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  is  the  old  Vanderbilt  farm. 

Livingston  (pop. ,  2,060;  m.,  64;  fare,  10c. ;  excusion,  20c.)  is  simply  a 
place  of  residence,  without  stores  or  even  a  post  office.  Several  of  the  clubs 
of  Staten  Island  are  located  here.  For  a  quarter  of  a  century,  George 
William  Curtis,  the  author  and  publicist,  was  the  most  distinguished  resident 
of  the  place.  Between  Livingston  and  West  Brighton  is  the  home  of  the 
Staten  Island  Athletic  Club,  which  has  a  well  appointed  club  house,  a  fine 
boat  house,  a  gymnasium,  and  spacious  grounds  laid  out  for  athletic  sports 
of  all  kinds. 

New  Brighton  (pop.,  12,697;  m.,  5§;  fare,  10c. ;  excursion,  20c.)  is  the 
first  station  north  of  St.  George.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  the 
island  is  here — the  Richmond  Terrace,  a  handsome  shaded  road  facing  the 
water  and  lined  on  the  land  side  by  elegant  old  colonial  mansions  standing 
in  the  midst  of  wide  sweeping  lawns. 

New  Dorp  (m.,  10^.;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  40c.)  has  become  a  place 
of  suburban  residence  for  New  Yorkers.  Back  of  the  village  on  a  hill 
is  a  lighthouse  or  "range  light"  and  another  lighthouse  stands  on  the 
shore  directly  in  front.  A  short  distance  away  is  the  Black  Horse  Tavern, 
a  famous  hostelry  in  revolutionary  days,  now  partly  rebuilt  but  still  retain- 
ing much  of  its  colonial  character. 

Port  Richmond  (pop.,  3,028;  m.,  S;  fare,  10c. ;  excursion,  20c.)  is  a  vil- 
lage of  comfortable  residences.  A  large  frame  house  now  known  as  the  St 
James  Hotel  was  once  the  home  of  Aaron  Burr.  In  one  of  its  rooms  up- 
stairs, Burr  died. 

Richmond  (m.,  12.)  is  off  the  line  of  the  railway  and  is  reached  by 
stage  from  Oakwood  Station;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  30.  It  was  named 
after  the  Duke  of  Richmond  and  is  the  county  seat  of  Richmond  County. 
The  locality  is  rich  in  historical  memories.     Here  were  the  headquarters 


SUBURBS.  299 

of  the  British  Army  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  and  about  St.  Andrew's 
Church  was  one  of  the  lively  skirmishes  of  that  period.  The  old  grave- 
yard has  many  interesting  tombstones,  some  of  them  more  than  a  cen- 
tury old.  A  son  of  Lord  Dougan,  Colonial  Governor  of  New  York,  is  buried 
here.  On  top  of  a  little  hill  near  the  church  are  the  remains  of  the  old 
British  Fort,  Mount  Izzard. 

Snug  Harbor  (m.,  6%;  fare,  ioc. ;  excursion,  20c.)  is  so  called  from 
its  being  the  site  of  the  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  an  asylum  for  sailors, 
founded  by  Robert  Richard  Randall.  This  institution  has  spacious  grounds 
and  several  handsome  buildings.  A  monument  to  Mr.  Randall  stands 
here,  and  a  fine  statue  of  the  founder  by  the  sculptor  St.  Gaudens.  Near 
the  Snug  Harbor  is  a  home  for  destitute  seamen's  children. 

Stapleton  (m. ,  6%;  fare  ioc. ;  excursion,  20c.)  is  a  popular  residence 
place.  There  is  a  Seaman's  Retreat  on  the  shore  road,  established  by 
the  State  Legislature,  and  a  United  States  Marine  Hospital. 

St.  George  (m.,  5%;  fare,  ioc;  excursion,  20c.)  is  the  terminus  of 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  and  has  many  great  freight  ware- 
houses. From  the  high  hill  back  of  the  village  is  a  magnificent  view 
of  the  harbor  and  the  adjacent  country,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the 
vicinity  of  New  York.  On  the  shore  are  the  Atlantic  Cotton  Docks  and  the 
general  supply  depot  of  the  United  States  Lighthouse  establishment. 

Tompkinsville  (m. ,  5^;  fare,  ioc;  excursion,  20c)  was  named  after 
Governor  and  Vice-President  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  of  New  York.  Here 
are  the  houses  of  the  New  York  Canoe  Club  and  the  Seawanhaka  Yacht 
Club.  From  Pavilion  Hill,  back  of  the  town,  a  superb  view  of  the  harbor 
may  be  had. 

Tottenville  (pop.,  i,i47;  m- >  ^-9/4)  fare,  35c;  excursion,  60c)  is  at  the 
extreme  southern  end  of  the  island.  There  the  main  line  of  the  Staten 
Island  Railroad  terminates,  and  thence  there  is  ferryboat  communication 
with  Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey.  The  old  Billop  House,  built  about  1670 
by  Christopher  Billop,  is  still  standing  here.  During  the  Revolution  the 
British  occupied  the  house,  which  was  the  scene  of  a  conference  between 
General  Howe  and  a  continental  peace  commission. 

Other  villages  of  attractive  character  on  Staten  Island  are  West 
Brighton,  a  busy  country  town  with  important  manufactures;  Grassmere 
and  Garretsons,  residence  villages;  Giffords,  and  Prince's  Bay,  famous 
fishing  resorts;  the  Woods  of  Arden,  with  its  pleasant  picnic  resorts  and  a 
good  inn;  and  Kreischerville,  Linoleum ville  and  ^Rossville,  manufacturing 
communities. 

New  York. 

Bedford  Park  (fare,  20c,  excursion,  35c;  N.  Y.  &  Harlem)  is  a  hand- 
some residence  park  containing  many  beautiful  villas  of  wealthy  New  Yorkers. 


300  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Immediately  adjoining  is  the  new  Bronx  River  public  park  containing  856 
acres. 

Chappaqua  (m.,  33;  fare  78c;  excursion,  $1.40;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.) 
is  an  interesting  and  charming  summer  home  for  many  city  people.  It 
was  the  home  of  Horace  Greeley,  who  did  much  to  improve  it.  Here  is 
the  old  Quaker  Church,  once  occupied  by  sick  and  wounded  soldiers 
of  the  Revolution,  and  many  were  buried  on  the  surrounding  hill- 
sides. 

Croton  Lake  (m.,  33;  fare,  80c;  excursion,  $1.45;  N.  Y.  &  H.  R.  R.) 
six  miles  up  the  Croton  River,  which  enters  the  Hudson  at  Croton  Point, 
which  separates  Tappan  Zee  from  Haverstraw  Bay,  whence  near  New  York 
City  obtains  its  water  supply. 

Dobbs  Ferry  (m.,  21;  fare  40c;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.)  was  the  head 
quarters  of  both  the  British  and  American  troops  during  the  Revolution. 
Washington  had  his  headquarters  in  the  Livingston  Manor  House,  and 
there  in  1783  George  Clinton  and  Sir  Guy  Carleton  had  a  conference  which 
resulted  in  the  decision  to  evacuate  the  City  of  New  York. 

Fordham  (m.,  9;  fare  15c;  N.  Y.  &  Harlem)  is  noted  as  a  pleasant 
place  of  residence  and  as  the  site  of  St.  John's  Roman  Catholic  college, 
an  institution  of  learning  of  the  first  rank.  On  the  campus  in  front  of 
the  principal  college  building  is  a  fine  statue  of  Archbishop  Hughes. 

Haverstraw  (m.,  32*;  fare,  80c. ;  excursion,  $1.20;  N.  J.  &  N.  Y.  R. 
R.,  W.  Shore  R.  R.)  is  at  the  foot  of  High  Torn  Mountain,  on  Haverstraw 
Bay,  and  is  famous  for  its  immense  brick-yards.  Large  areas  of  the 
river  front  are  enclosed  by  coffer-dams  that  the  valuable  clay  beneath 
the  surface  of  the  water  may  thus  be  reached  and  utilized.  It  is  called  the 
"city  of  brick-yards." 

Hastings  on  the  Hudson  (pop.,  1,800;  m.,  19;  fare,  38c,  N.  Y. 
C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.)  is  the  suburban  home  of  many  wealthy  New  Yorkers. 
The  army  of  Cornwallis  crossed  the  Hudson  River  at  this  point  to  attack 
Fort  Lee  during  the  Revolution. 

Irvington  (m.,  23;  fare,  44c;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.)  was  named 
after  Washington  Irving.  Sunnyside  Cottage,  where  Irving  lived,  is  a 
stone-gabled  structure  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  built  by  Wolfert  Acker, 
a  privy  councilor  of  Peter  Stuyvesant.  The  country  seat  of  the  late 
Cyrus  W.  Field  is  a  mile  or  more  south  of  the  village  of  Irvington.  Near 
Sunnyside  is  the  residence  of  Albert  Bierstadt,  and  a  little  further  north  is 
"  Lyndehurst,"  the  old  Paulding  Manor,  the  country  home  of  Jay  Gould, 
one  of  the  most  elegant  estates  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York. 

Larchmont  (m.,  18;  fare  40c;  N.  Y.  &  N.  H.  R.  R.)  is  on  Long 
Island  sound,  and  is  popular  as  a  summer  home  for  New  Yorkers. 
Here  is  the  home  of  the  Larchmont  Yacht  Club,  one  of  the  largest  in  the 


SUBURBS.  .    301 

vicinity  of  New  York.  It  has  a  very  handsome  club-house  situated  on  a 
tract  of  ii  acres. 

Nyack  (pop.,  9,500;  m.,  30;  fare,  60c;  excursion,  $1.00;  N.  R.  R.  of 
N.  J.,  or  ferry  from  Tarrytown)  has  been  called  the  "Gem  of  the 
Hudson."  It  is  a  beautiful  town,  having  a  fine  view  of  the  Tappan  Zee. 
There  is  connection  with  Tarrytown,  opposite,  by  ferry-boat.  A  mile  from 
the  station,  fronting  the  river,  with  30  acres  of  ground,  is  the  club-house  of 
the  Country  Club. 

New  Rochelle  (pop.,  5,276;  m.,  20;  fare,  30c;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R. 
R.)  is  a  beautiful  residence  place,  and  overlooks  New  Rochelle  harbor  and 
Long  Island  Sound,  and  connects  by  boat  with  Glen  Island,  a  charming 
summer  resort.  There  are  many  fine  old  colonial  mansions  built  by  the 
early  English  and  Dutch  residents  and  the  French  Huguenots  who  first 
settled  the  place.     There  is  an  actors'  summer  colony  here. 

Piermont  (m.,  26;  fare,  55c;  excursion,  $1.00;  N.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.) 
just  below  Nyack  and  opposite  Dobb's  Ferry,  is  situated  just  where 
the  Palisades  recede  from  the  shore,  and  at  the  dividing  line  between 
the  States  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  It  derives  its  name  from 
a  pier  about  a  mile  long  that  reaches  out  into  the  bay  of  Tappan  Zee.  It 
was  once  the  terminus  of  the  Erie  Railway,  passengers  and  freight  being 
taken  to  N.  Y.  by  boats. 

Peekskill  (pop.,  10,000;  m.,  43;  fare,  82c;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.) 
is  named  after  the  Dutch  navigator  Jan  Peek.  General  Putnam  had 
his  headquarters  there  during  the  Revolution  and  there  he  hanged  the  Brit- 
ish spy  Edward  Palmer.  The  Van  Cortlandt  Manor  House  still  standing 
was  once  occupied  by  Washington.  The  camp  ground  of  the  New  York 
State  National  Guard  is  a  few  miles  from  the  village  across  Peekskill  Bay. 
The  ruins  of  old  Fort  Independence  are  still  to  be  seen  near  the  village. 
The  late  Henry  Ward  Beecher  had  his  summer  residence  and  farm  here, 
and  the  old  Depew  homestead  where  Chauncey  M.  Depew  was  born  is  still 
standing,  a  fine  old  colonial  mansion.  Peekskill  Military  Academy  and  the 
Franciscan  Convent  Academy  are  noted  educational  institutions  of  the 
place. 

Rockland  Park  (m.,  23! ;  fare,  60c. ;  excursion,  $1.00;  West  Shore  R. 
R.)  lies  among  the  hills  about  a  mile  back  of  Hook  Mountain  above 
Nyack.  The  greater  portion  of  the  ice  consumed  in  New  York  City 
comes  from  this  place,  probably  the  largest  ice  market  in  the  world;  about 
two  hundred  thousand  tons  are  cut,  the  business  giving  employment  to  a 
thousand  men.     It  is  also  a  popular  summer  resort. 

Sing  Sing  (pop. ,  10,000;  m.,  32;  fare,  60c;  N.  Y.  &  N.  R.  R.,  N.  Y. 
C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.)  is  principally  noted  as  the  site  of  the  New  York 
State  Prison,  an  imposing  collection  of  granite  and  marble  buildings,  with 


302  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

an  iron  foundry  and  many  shops.  The  name  of  the  town  is  a  corruption  of 
the  Indian  word  Ossining  meaning  "stone  upon  stone." 

Tappan  (pop.,  200;  m.,  24;  fare,  55c. ;  excursion,  $1.00;  West  Shore  R.  R.) 
is  just  over  the  line  in  New  York'State  from  New  Jersey,  and  is  noted  as 
having  been  the  scene  of  Major  Andre's  imprisonment,  trial  and  execution. 
The  house  is  still  standing  in  which  he  was  imprisoned  and  an  overthrown 
monument  on  top  of  the  hill  marks  the  place  of  his  execution. 

Tuxedo  Park  (pop.,  500;  m.,  38.2;  fare,  $1.08;  excursion,  $1.60;  N.  Y., 
L.  Erie  &  Western.  R.  R.)  is  a  fashionable,  restricted  and  exclusive  resort 
for  some  of  New  York's  "Four  Hundred."  Most  of  this  wealthy  population 
have  built  their  own  villas  and  maintain  high  social  state. 

Tarrytown  (pop.,  5,000;  m.,  29; fare,  45c;  excursion,  80c;  N.  Y.  C.  & 
H.  R.  R.  R.)  It  was  here  that  Major  Andre  was  captured  and  at  Greenburg 
three  miles  east  of  the  town  a  monument  commemorates  that  event.  In 
Tarrytown  is  Christ  Church  where  Washington  Irving  worshipped.  At 
Sleepy  Hollow  is  the  ancient  Dutch  church,  a  quaint  building  300  yeajsold 
the  oldest  church  building  now  standing  in  the  State.  In  the  cemetery  ad- 
joining is  the  grave  of  Irving.  A  short  distance  away  is  the  old  bridge 
across  which  Ichabod  Crane  was  chased  by  the  headless  horseman,  as  Irv- 
ing has  told  the  legend.  In  this  vicinity  are  the  Robert  Hoe,  William  E. 
Dodge,  S.  B.  Schieffelin,  A.  C.  Kingsland,  Anson  G.  Phelps  and  W.  H. 
Aspinwall  mansions. 

Tuckahoe  (pop.,  1,700;  m.,  16;  fare,  38c;  excursion,  60c;  N.  Y.  &  H. 
R.  R.)  is  celebrated  for  its  extensive  marble  quarries.  Several  of  the  most 
attractive  residence  parks  of  Westchester  County  are  in  this  town  or  adjoin- 
ing it. 

Westchester  (pop.,  6,789;  m.,  12;  fare,  20c;  Harlem  Branch  of  N.  Y. 
&  N.  H.  R.  R.)  east  of  Mt.  Vernon,  is  a  historic  place  and  celebrated  for 
the  race-course  of  the  N.  Y,  Jockey  Club  called  the  "Eclipse  Course"  over 
which  the  Great  Eclipse  Stakes  and  short  races  are  run. 

Whiter  Plains  (pop.,  4,094;  m.,  23;  fare,  50c;  excursion,  90c;  N.  Y.  N. 
EL  &  H.  R.  R.  R.)  is  the  capital  of  Westchester  County.  It  is  an  attractive 
old  town  with  a  pre-Revolutionary  history.  The  battle  of  White  Plains 
was  fought  here,  October  28,  1776.     Many  historic  buildings  still  remain. 

Yonkers  (pop.,  32,033;  m.,  17;  fare,  30c;  excursion,  50c;  N.  Y.  &  N.  R. 
R.  and  N.  Y.  C.  &H.  R.  R.  R.  also  Hudson  River  Steamboats,)  is  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nepperhan  River.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  small  cities  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  It  has  many 
elegant  residences  and  several  important  carpet  and  other  manufacturing 
establishments.  Yonkers  is  an  old  Dutch  settlement  dating  from  the  begin- 
ning of  Peter  Stuyvesant's  administration  of  New  Netherland.  The  mun- 
icipal building  is  an  historic  edifice,  being  the  Manor  House  of  the  Phillipse 


SUBURBS.  303 

family.  Here  was  the  home  of  Mary  Phillipse,  the  first  love  of  George 
Washington.  Greystone,  long  the  residence  of  Samuel  J.  Tilden,  is  in 
Yonkers,^  several  miles  north  of  the  city  proper  on  the  banks  of  the  Hud- 
son. 

Connecticut. 

Bridgeport  (pop.,  48,866;  m.,  56;  fare,  $1.15;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.) 
is  also  connected  with  New  York  by  steamboats,  and  has  a  considerable 
coasting  and  fishing  trade.  It  is  principally  noted  for  its  manufactures,  the 
most  important  being  sewing  machines,  fire-arms,  cutlery  and  other  hard- 
ware. The  great  showman,  P.  T.  Barnum,  had  his  home  here  and  the  win- 
ter quarters  of  his  show.  Seaside  Park,  on  the  shore  of  the  Sound,  is  one 
of  the  attractions  of  the  place. 

Danbury  (pop.,  16,552;  m.,  66;  fare,  $1.60;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.)  is  de- 
voted largely  to  the  manufacture  of  hats,  being  one  of  the  leading^  pities 
of  the  world  in  this  respect.  It  has  handsome  public  buildings  and  a  pub- 
lic library.  The  town  was  burned  by  the  English  troops  in  1777,  and  a 
monument  commemorates  that  event. 

Fairfield  (m.,  51;  fare,  $1.05;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.)  adjoins  Bridge- 
port, and  is  an  interesting,  old-fashioned  New  England  town.  It  is  princi- 
pally interested  in  shipping,  and  has  in  Black  Rock  one  of  the  finest  harbors 
in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  There  are  many  fine  old  mansions  as  well  as 
handsome  modern  buildings. 

Norwalk  (pop.,  17,747;  m.,  43;  fare,  85  cents;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.)is 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  has  regular  steamboat  as  well  as  rail  communi- 
cation with  New  York.  Is  famous  for  its  oysters,  and  there  are  extensive 
iron  foundries,  shipyards,  hat  and  shoe  factories,  and  other  manufacturing 
industries.  The  town  was  settled  in  1640,  and  was  burned  by  the  Hes- 
sians, 1779. 

Stamford  (pop.,  15,700;  m.,  35;  fare,  75  cents;  N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  R.  R.) 
is  on  a  small  harbor  off  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is  principally  devoted  to 
manufacturing  carriages,  stoves,  hardware  and  chemicals.  There  is  i 
young  ladies'  seminary  here. 

New  Jersey. 

Asbury  Park  (pop.,  4,000; fare,  $1.20; excursion,  $1.85;  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.); 
about  fifty  miles  from  New  York  is  named  after  the  pioneer  Bishop 
Asburygof  the  Methodist  Church.  The  summer  population  is  about  30,000, 
and  it  has  become  a  very  popular  resort.  The  founder  and  largest  land 
holder  m  the  town  is  James  Bradley,  whose  special  aim  is  to  prohibit  all 
sales  and  manufacture  of  liquor,  his  title  deeds  enforcing  this  rule. 

Atlantic  City  (pop.,  13,055;  m.,  127;  fare,  $3.25;  C.  R.  R.  of  N. 
J.)  is  situated  on  an  islet  known  as  Absecom  Island,  seven  miles  from  the 


304  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

mainland,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Barnegat  Bay.  At  the  northern 
end  is  Absecom  Inlet,  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  not  over  eight  feet  of 
water,  and  which  leads  to  the  port  of  Atlantic  City.  Owing  to  the  mildness 
of  its  climate  it  has  become  one  of  the  most  popular  all  the  year  round  re- 
sorts on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Bayonne  (pop.,  19,033;  m.,  7;  fare,  12c;  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.)  is  a 
tavorite  settlement  for.  many  of  New  York's  business  men  and  has  many 
fine  residences.  Here  are  the  New  Jersey  Athletic  Club  and  the  Carteret 
Gun  Club,  both  well-known  and  popular  organizations.  Many  oil  refineries 
increase  the  business  interests  of  the  place. 

Bergen  Point  (pop.,  1,000;  m.,  7.7;  fare,  15c;  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.) 
on  the  Kill  von  Kull,  opposite  Port  Richmond,  Staten  Island,  is  a  summer 
resort  and  residential  place  having  good  boating  and  bathing  facilities.  It 
is  a  part  of  Bayonne.  The  Argonauta  Boat  Club  has  its  headquarters  here. 

Communipaw  (m.,  2.3;  fare,  7c;  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.)  on  the  West  Shore 
of  New  York  bay,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey 
and  is  reached  by  ferry  from  the  foot  of  Liberty  st. 

Cranford,  (pop.,  2,000;  m.,  17;  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey — fare, 
40c;  excursion,  60c.)  is  situated  on  the  small  but  highly  picturesque 
Rahway  River,  and  is  made  up  almost  entirely  of  the  permanent  homes  of 
New  York  business  and  professional  men.  It  has  a  country  club,  a  public 
library  and  reading  room,  and  telephonic  connection  with  the  New  York 
telephone  system.  It  is  one  of  the  healthiest  and  most  pleasant  of  the 
suburban  towns. 

Elizabeth  (pop.,  37,764;  m.,  12.5;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  40c;  Penn.  R. 
R.,  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.)  is  a  large  manufacturing  city,  having  copper  works, 
oil  refineries,  ship  yards  and  iron  works,  and  the  largest  cordage  works  in 
the  world.  It  is  easy  of  access  to  New  York  and  the  residence  place  of 
many  business  men.  Here  also  is  the  race-track  of  the  New  Jersey  Jockey 
Club. 

Englewood  (pop.,  6,500;  m.,  14.9;  fare,  35c;  excursion,  60c;  Erie  R.  R.) 
is  one  of  the  ideal  suburban  residence  towns  of  New  lersey.  There  are 
many  beautiful  houses,  and  the  drives  are  charming,  that  to  the  top  of  the 
Palisades  being  the  most  attractive. 

Fort  Lee,  (steamer  excursion,  25c;  also  ferry  West  130th  St.)  Here  the 
Palisades  begin  on  the  west  bankof  the  Hudson,  and  a  fine  view  is  obtained 
of  the  river  to  the  south  and  north.  During  the  Revolution  it  was  the  site  of 
a  fort  which  was  evacuated  by  the  British  in  1776.  It  is  a  great  picnic  resort 
and  is  reached  by  boat  from  Canal  St. ,  N.  R.  Pier  at  24th  and  34th  Sts.  It 
is  connected  by  ferry  with  Manhattan  Island  at  the  foot  of  West  130th  streeet. 

Guttenberg  (pop.,  i,2o6;  West  Shore  R.  R.  and  street  cars  from  Hobo- 
ken)  is  on  the  hill  behind  Weeh&wken  oppbsite  42nd  St. ,  New  York,   where 


SUBURBS.  305 

ferry  boats  cross  the  river.     It  is  a  great  resort  for  Germans.     Here  also  is 
the  famous  race-track  of  the  Hudson  County  Jockey  Club. 

Hackensack  (pop.,  7,000;  m.,  15;  fare,  35c;  excursion,  50c;  N.  Y.,  S.  & 
W.  R.  R.)  is  very  attractive  as  a  place  of  residence  for  New  Yorkers.  It  is 
situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hackensack  and  has  a  fine  view  of  the 
river  and  the  Palisades.  There  is  good  fishing  in  the  Hackensack,  and  its 
shores  furnish  the  only  railbird  shooting  near  New  York,  being  a  favorite 
feeding  ground  for  ducks  and  snipe,  while  back  of  the  town  is  good  quail, 
woodcock  and  rabbit  shooting.  Just  across  the  river  are  the  extensive 
grounds  and  beautiful  home  of  the  Hon.  W.  W.  Phelps. 

Hoboken  (pop.,  43,648;  Weehawken  Ferry,  42d  St.)  is  just  north  of  Jer- 
sey City  on  the  North  River.  It  is  the  landing-place  of  several  European 
steamship  lines,  and  also  of  the  ferryboats  connecting  with  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  and  Western  Railway,  which  has  its  terminus  here.  On  the 
edge  of  a  hill  on  the  river  bank  is  a  promenade,  formerly  theElysian  Fields, 
now  in  ruins.     On  the  hill  itself  is  the  Stevens  Castle. 

Hudson  City  (pop.,  6,898;)  is  on  a  hill  behind  Hoboken,  from  which  it 
is  reached  by  horse  cars.  It  includes  the  localities  known  as  Union  Hill, 
West  Hoboken  and  Bergen  Hill.  There  is  a  Roman  Catholic  monastery  at 
W.  Hoboken.  Schuetzen  Park  is  maintained  by  a  German  association,  and 
is  a  headquarters  for  German  societies.  At  the  annual  Volksfest,  20,000 
Germans  assemble  here  for  enjoyment. 

Jersey  City  (pop.,  163,003;  fare,  3c;  by  ferry)  on  the  west  shore  of 
North  River,  opposite  New  York,  is  a  great  railway  terminus,  at  least  half 
the  railways  centering  in  New  York  having  their  depots  here.  It  is  con- 
nected b.y  ferry  boats  from  foot  of  Liberty,  Cortlandt,  Desbrosses,  Chambers 
and  West  23d  Sts.  There  are  many  fine  residences  in  Grand  St.  and  on  the 
hill,  it  being  the  home  of  thousands  of  New  York's  great  army  of  business 
men.     There  are  many  manufacturing  interests  here  also. 

Lakewood  (m.,  5;  fare,  $1.45;  excursion,  $2.35;  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.)  is  in 
the  great  pine  belt  of  New  Jersey,  and  has  become  exceedingly  popular  as  a 
high  class  pleasure  and  health  resort  the  year  round.  The  place  has  been 
built  up  almost  exclusively  by  the  patronage  of  wealthy  and  distinguished 
people,  prominent  among  whom  has  been  Ex-President  Cleveland  and 
family. 

Menlo  Park  (fare,  65c. ;  excursion,  95c.)  is  a  village  on  the  New  York 
division  of  the  Penn.  R.  R.,  between  Rahway  and  New  Brunswick.  It  is 
world-famous  as  the  location  of  the  home  and  workshops  of  the  great  inven- 
tor, Thomas  A.  Edison. 

-  Newark  (pop.,  181,830;  m.,  9;  fare,  15c;  excursion,  25c.)  is  a  large 
manufacturing  city.  It  was  settled  by  New  Englanders  in  1666,  but  now 
has  a  large  foreign  population,  principally  German.      The  city  is  well  laid 


306  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

out  and  is  attractive  both  in  its  business  and  residential  districts.  It  has 
many  fine  architectural  structures.  The  building  of  the  Prudential  Insur- 
ance Company  is  one  of  the  features  of  the  place.  There  is  a  good  public 
library. 

New  Brunswick  (pop.,  18,603;  m->  32l  fare  90c;  excursion,  $1.30;  Penn. 
R.  R.)  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  the  Raritan  River  is  the  seat  of  Rutgers 
College  and  the  theological  seminary  of  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church. 
Indiambber  goods,  hosiery,  paper-hangings,  shoes  and  machinery  are 
manufactured  here  on  a  large  scale.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities 
in  New  Jersey  and  historically  interesting. 

Orange  (pop.,  18,844;  m->  I2;  fare,  25c;  excursion,  40c;  Erie  R.  R., 
D. ,  L.  and  W.  R.  R.)  is  a  scattered  town  in  New  Jersey,  having  several 
stations  along  its  three  miles  of  length,  Brick  Church,  East  Orange  and 
South  Orange  being  the  principal  ones.  It  is  a  fine  suburban  residence 
town,  at  the  foot  of  the  Orange  Mountains.  Within  its  limits  is  Llewellyn 
Park,  which  contains  some  of  the  finest  residences  in  the  State. 

Plainfield  (pop.,  15,000;  m.,  24;  fare,  60;  excursion,  $1.00;  C.  R.  R.  of  N. 
J.)  is  an  old  town,  dating  back  more  than  a  century  and  a  half.  It  has  brass 
and  iron  foundries,  printing  press  manufactories  and  many  other  industries. 
It  is  a  place  of  elegant  residences,  and  the  headquarters  of  the  celebrated 
Chatauqua  Literary  and  Scientific  Circle  are  here. 

Paterson  (pop.,  78,347:  m.,  16.7;  fare,  50c;  excursion,  70c;  Erie  and 
D. ,  L.  and  W.  R.  R.)  is  an  important  manufacturing  city,  founded  in  1792  by  a 
cotton  company,  under  the  patronage  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  named 
after  Governor  William  Paterson.  It  is  noted  for  its  cotton,  iron  and  silk 
mills,  and  has  been  appropriately  called  "  The  Lyons  of  America."  One  of 
the  chief  industries  is  the  making  of  locomotives,  and  the  extensive  repair 
shops  of  the  Erie  Railway  are  located  here.  The  Passaic  River  and  its 
falls  furnish  abundant  water  supply. 

Rahway  (pop.,  7,000;  m.,  fare,  40  cents;  excursion,  65  cents;  Penn.  R. 
R.)  the  home  of  many  of  New  York's  business  men;  situated  on  the  Rah- 
way River,  which  empties  into  State^Island^Sound,  and  is  navigable  up  to 
this  point. 

Weehawken  (pop.,  1,102;  fare,  3  cents;  ferry  from  42d  St.,  North 
River)  is  the  terminus  of  the  New  York,  West  Shore  and  Buffalo,  and  the 
Ontario  and  Western  railroads.  It  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  just 
north  of  Hoboken. 

Harbors,  Rivers  and  Islands. 

The  attractiveness  of  the  Metropolis  cannot  be  fully  appreciated  until 
the  waters  surrounding  Manhattan  Island  have  been  traversed.  On  the 
west  is  the  noble  Hudson  River.     On  the  east  is  the  East  River  flowing 


SUBURBS.  307 

from  the  Long  Island  Sound.  On  the  north  is  the  Harlem,  while  to  the 
south  are  the  beautiful  waters  of  the  Upper  New  York  Bay,  the  Narrows, 
and  the  Lower  Bay. 

Tourists  have  always  agreed  that  the  trip  up  the  Hudson  cannot  be 
surpassed  in  the  world.  There  are  daily  steamers  which  leave  early  in  the 
morning  for  Albany,  reaching  there  at  nightime.  Or  one  can  take  the  boat 
to  Poughkeepsie  and  return  by  the  down  boat,  reaching  New  York  again 
the  same  day.  The  fare  from  New  York  to  Poughkeepsie  and  return  is: 
On  Sundays  and  certain  other  days  there  are  excursions  up  the  Hudson, 
sometimes  stopping  at  West  Point  and  Newburgh,  the  fare  being  .50,  .75  or 
$1.00.  Leaving  the  down-town  pier  on  one  of  the  Hudson  River  boats, 
the  traveller  has  first  a  view  of  the  shipping  and  commerce  of  the  Metro- 
polis and  of  Jersey  City  opposite.  The  tall  buildings  in  lower  New  York 
are  conspicuous  on  the  right.  A  short  distance  up  the  river  on  the  Jersey 
Shore  is  seen  the  famous  Stevens  Castle.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  is  Wee- 
hawken  with  its  railroad  wharves  and  the  Elysian  Fields,  once  a  noted  pic- 
nic resort.  It  was  near  here  that  Hamilton  and  Burr  fought  the  duel  that 
resulted  in  the  death  of  the  former.  The  large  domed  building  in  the  dis- 
stance  is  St.  Michaels  Monastery  of  the  Passionist  Fathers.  About  five 
miles  up  the  river  is  Riverside  Park,  where  General  Grant  is  buried.  A 
little  further  are  Washington  Heights,  now  becoming  a  fashionable  suburb, 
celebrated  as  the  scene  of  military  movements  during  the  Revolution. 
Nearly  opposite  is  Fort  Lee,  where  there  was  a  fort  in  revolutionary  days. 
On  Washington  Heights  is  Trinity  Cemetery,  where  are  buried  the  Astors, 
Robert  Livingston,  Robert  Fulton,  and  others.  Just  beyond  is  Stewart 
Castle,    which  belonged  to  A.  T.  Stewart. 

The  famous  Palisades  begin  here  on  the  Jersey  side  of  the  river  and  ex- 
tend northward  for  fifteen  miles.  On  the  east  bank  we  pass,  successively, 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek;  Mount  St.  Vincent  Convent,  once  the  home  of  Ed- 
win Forrest;  the  Charming  City  of  Yorkers,  with  the  Phillipse  Manor  House; 
Greystone,  the  Samuel  J.  Tilden  residence;  Irvington;  Sleepy  Hollow,  and 
Sunny  Side,  inseparably  connected  with  the  name  of  Washington  Irving;  the 
mansion  of  Jay  Gould,  once  the  Paulding  Manor  House,  and  many  other 
elegant  residences.  Then  there  is  Sing  Sing,  with  its  State  Prison;  Peek- 
skill,  with  its  Militia  Encampment;  the  famous  mountain,  Anthony'sNose, 
and  many  other  attractive  landscape  features  on  the  east  bank.  On  the 
west  bank  are  numerous  pretty  villages.  Stony  Point,  which  General 
Wayne  captured  in  1778;  and,  fifty  miles  from  New  York,  West  Point,  with 
its  United  States  Military  Academy.  The  scenery  here  is  of  the  grandest 
and  most  picturesque  character,  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  continues  so 
until  Newburgh  is  reached,  where  Washington's  headquarters  and  Wash- 
ington's monument  are  seen.     Thence  on  to  Poughkeepsie,  15  miles,  the 


308  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

magnificent  scenery  continues,  while  from  Poughkeepsie  north  to  Albany 
it  is  of  a  quieter  character  but  none  the  less  interesting.  The  sail  up  the 
East  River  from  the  Battery  will  be  found  enjoyable.  The  Long  Island 
Sound  steamers  to  Boston  leave  North  River  piers,  round  the  Battery  and 
go  up  the  East  River,  and  there  are  ferry  boats  and  excursion  boats  from 
down  town  and  East  River  piers  that  go  to  places  on  Long  Island,  Upper 
New  York  or  the  Connecticut  coast.  After  leaving  the  Battery  you  sail  un- 
der the  East  River  bridge  and  then  pass  Wallabout  Bay  and  the  Navy 
Yard  on  the  one  hand,  and  miles  of  piers  and  shipping  on  both  sides. 

Then  there  are  the  Bellevue  Hospital  buildings  on  the  New  York  side, 
and  further  up  in  midstream  is  Blackwell's  Island  with  the  city  penal  insti- 
tutions. Behind  it  is  the  dangerous  Hell  Gate  channel  leading  into  Long 
Island  Sound.  Just  above  Blackwell's  are  Ward's  and  Randall's  Islands, 
with  their  municipal,  penal,  and  charitable  institutions.  Little  Hell  Gate, 
a  narrow,  dangerous  passage,  runs  between  them  into  Long  Island  Sound, 
swirling  like  a  mill  race  against  the  Sunken  Meadows,  which  lie  hidden  by 
the  river  islands.  Back  of  the  Sunken  Meadows,  in  a  northeasterly 
direction,  and  well  in  to  the  Sound,  are  North  Brother  and  South  Brother 
Islands,  used  by  the  city  for  hospitals  for  infectious  diseases,  and  im- 
mediately behind  them  is  Riker's  Island.  Berrian  Island  is  also  near  this 
group,  lying  close  in  to  the  Long  Island  shore.  Further  out  in  the  Sound 
are  Throgg's  Neck  and  Fort  Schuyler  on  the  New  York  side  with  Willett's 
Point,  the  United  States  Engineer  Station  directly  opposite,  on  Long 
Island,  Hart's  Island,  with  "Potter's  Field"  and  several  city  institutions; 
Glen  Island,  a  famous  picnic  resort,  and  a  galaxy  of  other  small  and 
picturesque  islands  are  all  grouped  in  and  about  the  entrance  to  Long 
Island  Sound. 

A  trip  up  the  Harlem  River  from  its  junction  with  the  East  River  is 
enjoyable.  There  are  small  excursion  steamboats  that  accommodate  the 
public  in  the  summer.  Some  of  the  wonderful  development  of  the  Metrop- 
olis within  the  last  decade  or  so  can  thus  be  seen.  There  are  the  building 
up  of  Harlem,  the  expansion  of  the  railroad  system  and  docks  at  Mott 
Haven,  the  new  bridges  across  the  Harlem,  the  wonderful  piece  of  engineer- 
ing in  the  new  Viaduct  from  Washington  Heights  down  to  the  new  bridge 
building  at  7th  Ave.,  the  old  Jumel  Mansion,  the  High  Bridge  which  carries 
the  Croton  water-pipes  across  the  river,  and  the  superb  Washington 
Bridge.  The  Harlem  is  the  home  of  oarsmen,  and  hundreds  of  them  can 
be  seen  here  in  practice  any  day,  especially  on  Sunday. 

A  short  trip  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  can  be  taken  by  ferry-boats 
to  South  Brooklyn  and  Staten  Island,  and  by  many  excursion  boats  to  the 
sea-shore  resorts.  From  the  decks  of  any  of  these  boats  one  gets  receding 
views  of  New  York,  Brooklyn  and  Jersey  City,  and  their  populous  water- 


SUBURBS.  3<>9 

fronts,  the  East  River  Bridge,  the  Atlantic  Docks  and  the  yachting  anchor- 
age at  South  Brooklyn.  Toward  the  Jersey  Coast  are  Bedloe's  Island  with 
the  Statue  of  Liberty,  Ellis  Island,  landing  place  for  emigrants,  and  Robin's 
Reef  light  house.  On  the  other  hand  is  Governor's  Island  with  its  forts  and 
military  barracks,  and  Buttermilk  channel  between  the  Island  and  the 
Brooklyn  Shore.  Off  to  the  right  is  Staten  Island  with  the  Kill  Von  Kull, 
which  separates  it  from  New  Jersey,  running  up  behind  it  into  Newark 
Bay.  To  the  southeast  the  Staten  Island  and  Long  Island  shores  form  the 
Narrows.  The  beautiful  Bay  Ridge  shore,  on  the  Long  Island  side,  runs 
down  by  Fort  Hamilton  to  Coney  Island.  Below  Staten  Island,  in  the  lower 
bay,  are  Swinburne  and  Hoffmann  Islands,  whereon  are  quarantine 
stations,  and  far  off  in  the  distance  can  be  seen  Sandy  Hook  and  the  line  of 
the  New  Jersey  coast. 


TRAVELLERS'  GUIDE. 


Means  of  Reaching  and    Leaving   New  York  —  Where  to  Stay  and  the 
Cost— How  to  Go  About  — Other  Practical  Suggestions. 


There  is  no  easier  city  in  the  world  for  a  traveller  to  find  his  way  about 
and  be  comfortable  in  than  New  York,  provided  he  can  keep  his  head  cool. 
"  Ask  a  policeman  "  is  good  general  advice  to  visitors  who  may  find  them- 
selves in  a  quandary  upon  the  streets.  Before  going  out,  however,  the  fol- 
lowing chapter  should  be  read.  It  contains  all  the  information  that  any 
visitor  is  likely  to  require,  and  much  that  will  be  found  valuable  to  residents. 

Official  Courtesies. 

The  employes  of  all  the  public  services  are  required  by  the  corpora- 
tions to  be  constantly  courteous  to  patrons  of  every  rank.  Information  or 
direction  as  to  where  it  may  be  obtained  is  freely  given.  Assistance,  when 
it  does  not  interfere  with  the  performance  of  regular  duties,  and  is  not 
designed  to  avoid  legitimate  expense,  is  to  be  expected.  Bureaus  of  gen- 
eral information  are  to  be  found  in  all  railroad  depots,  and  clerks  are  in 
attendance  whose  sole  duty  it  is  to  answer  all  proper  questions  from  those 
in  any  kind  of  perplexity.  Incivility  should  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
authorities,  by  whom  all  complaints  are  investigated.  Aged  or  feeble  per- 
sons are  assisted  to  and  from  public  carriages  by  the  guards  or  conductors. 
Persons  desiring  direction  or  other  information  while  in  the  thoroughfares 
of  the  city,  should  apply  to  a  policeman  and  not  to  the  chance  passer-by, 
who  may  mischievously  or  from  ignorance  wrongly  direct  or  inform  the 
inquirer.  Strangers,  when  in  need  of  assistance,  should  invariably  apply  to 
public  officials  rather  than  to  private  individuals,  for  in  New  York  as  in 
every  large  city,  the  confidence  man  is  ubiquitous  and  well  disguised.  No 
exception  should  be  made  to  this  rule  after  dark. 

Customs  Regulatious. 

Baggage  Inspection. — The  baggage  of  all  persons,  native  or  foreign, 
coming  into  the  United  States  by  sea  or  land  from  other  countries  is  sub- 
ject to  inspection  by  the  Customs  House  officials.  At  New  York  only  such 
as  enter  the  city  by  steamship  arc  required  to  submit  to   this  generally  un- 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  311 

welcome  regulation.  Where  no  attempt  is  made  to  escape  the  payment  of 
duty,  the  customs  officials  will  be  found  always  courteous  aud  liberal  in  the 
interpretation  of  the  Customs  laws.  Passengers  are  furnished  with  blanks 
on  which,  previous  to  the  inspection,  they  may  describe  the  dutiable  arti- 
cles in  their  possession,  thus  avoiding  much  delay  and  possible  annoy- 
ance. Parents  and  guardians  are  allowed,  in  the  case  of  families,  to 
sign  and  swear  to  these  statements  when  filled  out.  Trunks  and  pack- 
ages so  packed  or  so  promiscuous  or  valuable  in  their  contents  as  to 
render  easy  inspection  impossible,  are  sent  to  the  appraiser's  stores, 
and  there  examined.  Smuggling  is  a  costly  game  to  play,  as  its  dis- 
covery is  punished  by  absolute  confiscation  of  the  articles  concealed. 
A  reasonable  amount  of  wearing  apparel  and  of  all  other  personal  effects 
of  a  quality  in  keeping  with  the  station  of  the  presumed  owner,  which  are 
being  worn  or  show  signs  of  wear,  are  admitted  free  of  duty.  Duty 
is  charged  upon  all  new  clothing,  and  jewelry  or  watches,  new  or  old,  not 
for  personal  use.  Baggage  is  examined  on  being  discharged  at  the  steam- 
ship docks.  As  the  inspection  is  quite  thorough,  persons  are  advised  to 
afford  every  facility  to  the  officials,  and  scrupulously  to  avoid  obstructing 
them  in  their  compulsory  task.  Interference  with  them  arouses  suspicion, 
and  suspicion  is  sure  to  occasion  delay  and  possibly  much  unpleasantness. 
Vessels  are  usually  boarded  by  the  Customs  officials  just  below  the  entrance 
to  the  Narrows  in  the  New  York  Bay.  The  duty  upon  packages  received 
by  express  from  abroad  is  paid  by  the  express  company,  and  the  charges 
collected  from  the  recipient  upon  delivery. 

Representatives  of  Foreign  Governments— Consuls. 

The  international  relations  of  New  York  City — commercial  and  social — 
are  so  vast  and  world-wide  that  there  is  scarcely  a  foreign  government 
of  importance  that  is  not  represented  here  by  a  Consul-general,  a  Consul  or 
Consular  agents.  The  jurisdiction  of  these  officials  extends  over  all  dis- 
putes between  foreigners  arising  on  the  high  seas.  Foreigners,  when  in  per- 
plexity as  to  how  to  act  or  to  whom  to  appeal  for  advice  or  aid,  should  un- 
hesitatingly apply  to  these  officials  for  direction. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  foreign  countries  having  accredited  repre- 
sentatives in  New  York  City,  with  location  of  their  offices: 

Argentine  Republic,  60  Wall  St. ;  Austria-Hungary,  33  Broadway;  Bel 
gium,  329 Broadway;  Bolivia,  126 Liberty  St.;  Brazil,  22  State  St.;  Chili,  15 
Cortlandt  St. ;  China,  26  W.  9th  St. ;  Colombia,  24  State  St. ;  Costa  Rica,  76 
Broad  St.;  Denmark,  69  Wall  St.;  Dominican  Republic,  31  Broadway; 
Ecuador,  51  Liberty  St. ;  France,  4  Bowling  Green;  German  Empire,  2 
Bowling  Green;  Great  Britain,  24  State  St.;  Greece,  115  Pearl  St.,  Guate- 
mala, 102  Front  St.,  Hawaiian  Islands,  51  Leonard  St.;  Hayti,  101  Pearl  St.; 


312  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Honduras,  102  Front  St.;  Italy,  24  State  St.;  Japan,  7  Warren  St.;  Korea, 
69  Wall  St. ;  Liberia,  19  William  St. ;  Mexico,  35  Broadway;  Monaco,  4  Bowl- 
ing Green;  Netherlands,  17  William  St. ;  Nicaragua,  76  Beaver  St.;  Nor- 
way, 41  Broad  St.;  Orange  Free  State,  80  Beaver  St.;  Persia,  15  Broad  St. 
Peru,  19  Whitehall  St.;  Portugal,  102  Broad  St.;  Russia,  59  Clinton  Place 
Salvador,  102   Chambers  St.;  Spain,  30  Broadway;  Sweden,  41  Broad  St. 
Switzerland,  89  Beaver  St.;  Turkey,  132  Broadway;  Uruguay,  142  Pearl 
St.;  Venezuela,  18  Broadway. 

Baggage  Checking  System. 

The  baggage-checking  system  employed  throughout  this  country, 
Canada  and  Mexico  must  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  public  con- 
veniences of  modern  times.  It  has  relieved  the  weary  tourist  of  a  burden 
of  anxiety  and  has  simplified  travel  to  a  marvellous  extent.  All  the  rail- 
way and  steamboat  companies  employ  this  system.  A  small  metal  check  is 
used,  on  which  is  stamped  the  number  of  the  check  and  the  name  of  the 
railway  or  steamboat  line,  and  destination  of  the  package  to  be  checked. 
One  of  these  checks,  which  serves  as  a  receipt,  is  given  by  the  express 
office  official,  or  baggage  master,  to  the  person  whose  baggage  is  to  be  for- 
warded, while  another,  the  exact  duplicate  of  the  first,  is  attached  by  a 
leather  strap  to  the  trunk  or  package.  On  presentation  of  the  check  to  the 
baggage  master  at  the  other  end  of  the  journey  the  baggage  is  promptly  de- 
livered to  the  owner,  who,  if  he  be  in  a  city  or  town  of  any  importance, 
may  have  it  re-checked  and  sent  by  express  to  his  residence~or  hotel.  The 
baggage,  unless  otherwise  specified,  is  almosi;  invariably  carried  on  the 
same  train  or  steamboat  with  the  passenger,  so  that  delays  in  delivery  are 
reduced  to  a  minimum.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to  lose  these  checks  or 
to  pass  them  into  the  hands  of  irresponsible  agents  or  expressmen,  as  they 
are  not  merely  orders  for  the  delivery  of  baggage,  but  certificates  of  owner- 
ship as  well,  and  the  loss  of  them  is  sure  to  entail  a  great  deal  of  vexation 
and  delay,  and  possibly  loss  of  property.  Although  transportation  companies 
are  responsible  at  law  for  all  articles  entrusted  to  their  care,  whether 
checked  or  not,  it  is  nevertheless  imperatively  necessary  for  every  one  to 
exercise  due  precaution  against  the  loss  of  checks,  receipts  and  all  other 
evidence  of  proprietorship.  In  general,  complete  reliance  may  be  placed  in 
the  efficiency  of  this  system. 

Hotels. 

In  the  extent  and  sumptuousness  of  its  hotel  service,  New  York  is  eas- 
ily first  among  all  the  cities  of  the  world,  not  even  excepting  London  and 
Paris.  The  hotels  erected  within  the  last  few  years,  besides  being  palatial 
in  their  appointments  are  marvels  of  engineering  skill  and  architectural  de- 
sign.    Money  has  been   most  lavishly  expended  in  providing  everything 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  313 

that  could  contribute  to  the  comfort  of  guests.  The  corridors,  reception 
rooms,  parlors  and  dining  rooms  of  many  of  the  leading  hotels,  particularly 
of  the  Savoy,  Plaza,  Murray  Hill,  Imperial,  Windsor,  Buckingham,  Holland 
House,  Fifth  Avenue,  Cambridge  and  Hoffman  House,  are  decorated  in 
the  most  elaborate  yet  beautifully  artistic  manner.  To  secure  effects  of  the 
very  highest  order  absolutely  no  restrictions  as  to  expense  were  put  upon 
the  artists  having  charge  of  the  interior  decorations  of  these  and  some  other 
of  the  first-class  hostelries.  Suites  of  rooms  furnished  in  perfect  taste  and 
with  the  highest  degree  of  elegance  are  a  specialty  of  these  hotels,  and  may 
be  engaged  for  short  or  long  periods.  Passenger  elevators,  electric  annun- 
ciators, fire  alarms,  fire  escapes,  telegraph,  cable  and  telephone  connec- 
tions, messenger,  cab  and  police  call  boxes,  post  office  mail  chutes,  drop 
boxes,  news  stands,,  parcel  check  rooms,  express  and  railway,  steamship  and 
theatre  ticket  offices,  bureau  of  information  and  city  directories  are  to  be 
found  in  all  the  leading  hotels  of  the  city.  Baggage  may  be  checked  to  and 
from  all  hotels. 

The  New  York  hotels  are  conducted  on  either  the  European  or  Ameri- 
can plan,  or  both.  When  run  on  the  American  plan,  the  rate  by  the  day 
includes  the  charge  for  both  rooms  and  meals;  on  the  European  plan,  the 
daily  rate  is  for  the  room  only,  and  all  meals  must  be  paid  for  separately. 
Some  hotels  give  their  guests  a  choice  of  both  plans. 

The  following  list  includes  the  principal  hotels  in  the  city,  with  the 
minimum  daily  rate  : — 

AMERICAN     PLAN. 

Berkeley,  20  5th  Ave. ;  $4. 

Canda  House,  17  Lafayette  Place;  $1.50. 

Fifth  Avenue,  5th  Ave.  and  23d  St.;  $5. 

Gramercy  Park,  Gramercy  Park  and  20th  St. ;  $2. 

Hotel  Bristol,  5th  Ave.  and  42d  St. ;  $6. 

Hotel  Lenox,  72  5th  Ave. ;  $2. 

Long  Acre,  1495  Broadway;  $1.50. 

Miller's,  37  to  41  West  26th  St.;  $2.50. 

San  Marco,  21  West  32d  St.;  $2. 

Sherwood  House,  5th  Ave.  and  44th  St.;  $5. 

Westminster,  119  East  16th  St.;  $3.50. 

Windsor,  5th  Ave.  and  46th  St.;  $5. 

EUROPEAN  PLAN. 

Aberdeen,  917  Broadway;  $1. 
Albermarle,  1105  Broadway;  $2.50. 
Astor  House,  Broadway  and  Vesey  St.;  $1. 
Bancroft,  15  East  21st  St.;  50  cents. 

Minimum  Rates  by  the  day  alone  quoted. 


314  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW    YORK. 

Barrett  House,  Broadway  and  West  43d  St.;  $1. 

Breevoort  House,  11  5th  Ave.;  $2. 

Brower  House,  24  West  28th  St.;  $1. 

Buckingham,  5th  Ave.  and  East  50th  St.;  $1. 

Burlington,  10  West  30th  St.;  for  rates,  apply. 

Cambridge,  334  5th  Ave.;  rooms  in  suites;  for  rates,  apply. 

Coleman  House,  1169  Broadway;  $1. 

Continental,  Broadway  and  20th  St.;  $1. 

Cosmopolitan,  Chambers  St.  and  West  Broadway;  $1. 

Cumberland,  945  Broadway  and  173  5th  Ave.;  for  rates,  apply. 

Endicott,  81st  St.  and  Columbus  Ave.;  for  rates,  apply. 

Everett  Hotel,  104  Vesey  St. ;  50  cents. 

Everett  House,  4th  Ave.  and  17th  St.;  $1.50. 

Gedney  House,  Broadway  and  West  40th  St.;  $1. 

Gilsey  House,  Broadway  and  29th  St.>  $2. 

Grand,  1236  Broadway;  $1.50. 

Grand  Union,  Park  Ave.  and  42d  St.;  $1. 

Grosvenor,  37  5th  Ave.;  for  rates,  apply. 

Hoffman  House,  mi  Broadway;  $2. 

Holland  House,  5th  Ave.  and  30th  St.;  $2.50. 

Hotel  Bartholdi,  Broadway  and  23d  St. ;  $2. 

Hotel  Beresford,  1  West  81st  St.;  for  rates,  apply. 

Hotel  De  Logerot,  126  5th  Ave.;  $4. 

Hotel  Devonshire,  30  East  42d  St.;  $1. 

Hotel  Imperial,  Broadway  and  32d  St.;  $2.' 

Hotel  Kensington,  75  5th  Ave.;  $1.50. 

Hotel  Lincoln,  1673  Broadway;  $1. 

Hotel  Martin,  17  University  Place;  $1.25. 

Hotel  Metropole,  Broadway  and  41st  St.;  $1.50. 

Hotel  Normandie,  Broadway  and  38th  St.;  $2. 

Hotel  Pomeroy,  Broadway  and  58th  St. ;  $1. 

Hotel  St.  George,  49  East  12th  St.,  $1. 

Hotel  St.  Stephens,  52  East  nth  St.;  $1. 

Hotel  Wellington,  19  East  42d  St.;  $1. 

Hotel  Winthrop,  31  West  4th  St.;  $1.50. 

International,  17  Park  Row;  75  cents. 

Langham,  659  5th  Ave.;  rooms  in  suites;  for  rates,  apply. 

Leggett's,  76  Park  Row;  50  cents. 

Metropolitan,  584  Broadway;  $1. 

Morton  House,  Broadway  and  14th  St.;  $1. 

Occidental,  341  Broome  St.;  50  cents. 

Minimum  Rates  by  the  day  alone  quoted. 


TRAVELLERS*  GUIDE.  315 

Oriental,  Broadway  and  39th  St.;  $1. 

Parker  House,  1301  Broadway,  $2. 

Putnam,  369  4th  Ave. ;  50  cents. 

Renaissance,  5th  Ave.  and  43d  St.;  rooms  in  suites;  for  rates,  apply, 

Revere,  606  Broadway;  50  cents. 

St.  Cloud,  1464  Broadway;  $1. 

St.  Denis,  Broadway  and  nth  St.;  $1.50. 

St.  James,  1133  Broadway;  $2. 

San  Remo,  Central  Park  and  W.  75th  St.;  rooms  in  suites;  for  rates,  apply. 

Sinclair  House,  752  Broadway;  Si. 

Smith  &  McNeil's,  199  Washington  St. ;  50  cents. 

Sweeney's,  106  Park  Row;  75  cents. 

Tremont,  665  Broadway;  $1. 

Union  Square  and  Hotel  Dam,  18  Union  Sq. ;  $1. 

United  States,  Fulton  and  Waters  St.;  75  cents. 

Westmoreland,  4th  Ave.  and  17th  St.;  for  rates,  apply. 

AMERICAN    AND    EUROPEAN    PLANS. 
E.,  European  Plan  ;    A.,  American  Plan. 
Ashland,  4th  Ave.  and  24th  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2. 
Belvedere,  4th  Ave.  and  18th  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $3. 
Broadway  Central,  671  Broadway;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2.50. 
Clarendon,  4th  Ave.  and  18th  St.;  E.,  $2;  A.,  $4.50. 
Colonnade,  726  Broadway;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2. 
Earle's,  Canal  and  Centre  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2. 
Hamilton,  503  5th  Ave. ;  for  rates,  apply. 
Hotel  Brunswick,  5th  Ave.  and  26th  St.;  E.,  $2;  A.  $4.50. 
Hotel  Espanol e  Hispano- Americano,  n6andn8  W.i4thSt.;  E.,$i.;  A., $2. 50. 
Hotel  Glenham,  155  5th  Ave.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2.50. 
Hotel  Hungaria,  14th  St.  and  Union  Square;  E.,  $1.50;  A.,  $2.50. 
Hotel  Marlborough,  Broadway  and  36th  St.;  E.,  $1.50;  A.;  $3.50. 
Hotel  St.  George,  49  East  12th  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2.50. 
Hotel  St.  Marc,  5th  Ave.  and  39th  St.;  E.,  $1.50;  A.,  $4. 
Hotel  Savoy,  5th  Ave.  and  59th  St.;  E.,  $2.00;  A.,  $4. 
Hotel  Vendome,  Broadway  and  41st  St.;  E.,  $1.50;  A.,  3.50. 
Hotel  Vienna,  39  East  18th  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  for  rates, apply. 
Hotel  Waldorf,  5th  Ave  and  33d  St. ;  not  completed. 
Madison  Avenue,  Madison  Ave.  and  58th  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $3.50. 
Murray  Hill,  Park  Ave.  and  41st  St.;  E.,  $1.50;  A.,  $4. 
New  York,  721  Broadway;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $3. 
New  Netherlands,  5th  Ave.  and  59th  St. ;  not  completed. 

Minimum  Rates  by  the  day  alone  quoted. 


316  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Park  Avenue,  Park  Ave.  and  32nd  St.;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $3.50. 

Plaza,  5th  Ave.  and  59th  St.;  for  rates  apply. 

St.  Nicholas,  4  Washington  Place;  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2.50. 

Sturtevant  House,  1186  Broadway:  E.,  $1;  A.,  $2.50. 

The  Gerlach,  55  W.  27th  St.;  E.,  $2;  A.,  $4. 

Victoria,  5th  Ave.  and  33d  St.;  E.,  $2;  A.,  $4.50. 

Boarding-  Houses. 

Such  a  list  of  the  hotels  in  New  York  as  the  above,  even  though  it  in- 
cludes only  the  most  important,  confirms  the  correctness  of  a  term  often 
used  to  describe  the  city.  It  is  "a  vast  caravansary."  But  familiarity  with 
the  boarding  houses  alone  can  give  a  just  idea  of  the  fitness  of  such  a  char- 
acterization. The  visitor  who  wanders  through  "the  brownstone  district" 
may  be  surprised  to  learn  that  three  out  of  five  of  these  houses  are  boarding 
houses,  yet  this  is  the  literal  truth.  Many  boarders  find  harborage  in  tene- 
ments and  flats.  Leaving  out  the  east  and  west  side  districts  down-town, 
it  may  be  said  that  from  8th  to  42d  streets,  between  Third  and  Ninth 
avenues,  the  majority  of  the  houses  on  the  cross  streets  are  boarding  houses, 
or  have  rooms  to  let.  On  the  principal  cross  town  streets  in  this  district — 
Fourteenth,  Twenty- third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Forty-second — almost  all  the 
buildings  not  given  up  to  business  purposes  are  boarding  or  lodging  houses. 
The  boarding-house  keeper  has  even  invaded  the  avenues,  and  Lexington, 
Madison,  Park  and  Fifth  avenues  have  many  boarding  houses.  The  ex- 
planation of  this  state  of  affairs  is  simple.  Land  is  so  valuable  that  it  is 
impossible  for  a  person  in  moderate  circumstances  to  rent  or  own  a  house  in 
town.  If  he  wishes  to  live  in  town,  he  must  lease  a  flat,  or  board.  Those 
who  will  have  houses  retire  to  the  suburbs.  Involuntary  co-operation  pre- 
vails to  a  gigantic  extent  in  New  York,  and  the  wealthy  are  gradually 
abandoning  their  large  houses  down  town  to  boarding-house  communities, 
and  building  others  near  the  Park  or  overlooking  the  North  River. 

Rates  of  board  are  infinitely  various,  but  very  good  board  may  be  had 
for  from  $12  to  $20  a  week,  for  single  persons.  Such  accomodation  should 
be  looked  for  between  Fourteenth  and  Forty-second  streets,  and  between 
Fourth  and  Sixth  avenues.  In  the  same  district  will  be  found  the  principal 
longing  houses  of  the  better  class.  Room  rent  runs  from  $4  to  $6  a  week 
for  hall  rooms,  to  $10  to  $25  for  double  rooms.  Many  visitors  to  New  York 
who  wish  greater  quiet  than  can  be  enjoyed  in  hotels  will  find  it  advisable 
to  take  a  room  in  one  of  these  lodging  houses,  and  buy  their  meals  at  the 
restaurants  which  abound  in  the  same  district. 

Restaurants. 

The  long  and  narrow  form  of  Manhattan  Island,  and  the  crowding  of 
the  business  centers  into  the  lower  portion  of  the  city  to  the  almost  entire 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  317. 

exclusion  of  residences,  has  been  the  means  of  developing  a  restaurant  sys- 
tem which  has  no  rival  on  the  continent.  Many  of  the  restaurants  in  the 
most  frequented  business  portions  of  the  city  are  of  great  size,  and  very 
elaborate  in  their  appointment.  It  is  the  custom  of  many  residents  of  New 
York,  who  have  no  established  homes,  to  lodge  at  one  place  and  dine  at 
another,  usually  at  some  of  the  public  restaurants  which  may  be  found  in 
almost  every  block  of  the  city. 

Over  a  thousand  restaurants,  oyster  and  chop  houses,  besides  countless 
lunch  counters,  with  which  a  great  number  of  the  drinking  saloons  are  fit- 
ted up,  cater  to  the  public  taste.  Their  quality  may  often  be  judged  by 
their  location  or  from  the  general  appearance  of  their  exterior.  In  the 
restaurants  of  the  highest  grade  the  most  expert  foreign  and  domestic 
cooks  are  employed,  and  neither  pains  nor  expense  is  spared  in  providing 
guests  with  the  choicest  and  most  novel  productions  of  the  culinary  art. 

Every  variety  of  foreign  cooking  ~may  be  had,  the  Italian,  German, 
Spanish  and  French  styles  being  the  most  favored.  High  class  table 
d'hote  dining  rooms  abound.  The  restaurant  which  has  won  for  itself 
a  national  reputation  is  Delmonico's,  at  Fifth  avenue  and  26th  street. 
Here  are  held  a  great  number  of  public,  club  and  society  dinners.  The 
cooking  is  unexcelled,  but  in  accordance  with  no  particular  school.  The 
cost  of  dining  at  the  metropolitan  restaurants  ranges  all  the  way  from  15 
cents  in  the  Eastside  chop  houses  to  $5  and  upwards,  according  to  the 
taste  of  the  diner  at  Delmonico's  and  other  first  class  places.  In  nearly, all 
the  great  hotels  are  to  be  found  superbly  appointed  restaurants  and  cafes 
devoted  to  the  accommodation  of  the  public.  Buffets  and  lunch  counters 
of  all  grades,  and  some  of  large  size,  are  one  of  the  features  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  city.  In  these  a  hasty  lunch  may  be  had  in  a  few  minutes. 
The  charges  are  moderate,  and  the  dishes,  which  are  almost  invariably  cold, 
are  well  cooked  and  wholesome.  The  best  example  of  the  down  town  buf- 
fets is  Dennett's,  at  Nassau  and  Beekman  streets,  just  off  City  Hall  Park. 

In  some  of  the  large  dry  goods  stores,  such  as  Macy's,  14th  St.  and  5th 
Ave.;  O'Neil's,  6th  Ave.  and  20th  St.,  and  Hearn's,  30  West  14th  St.,  ex- 
cellent restaurants  are  provided  for  the  accommodation  of  shoppers. 

The  most  noted  restaurants  in  the  city  besides  those  in  the  great 
hotels  are: — 

Delmonico's,  2  South  William  St..  22  Broad  St.  and  212  Fifth  Ave.,  cor 
26th  St. ;  Clark's,  22  W.  23d  St. ;  Dorlon's,  108  E.  23d  St. ;  Purssell's,  Broad- 
way, near  20th  St.;  Taylor's,  St.  Denis  Hotel,  Broadway  and  nth  St.;  Dono- 
van's, 12th  St.,  near  Fifth  Ave.;  Hungaria,  Union  Square,  above  14th  St.; 
Jaeger's,  Madison  Ave.  and  59th  St.;  Jacques',  54  W.  nth  St.,  and  at  the 
Metropolitan  Hotel,  584  Broadway;  Sutherland's,  64  Liberty  St.;  Cable's, 
Broadway  and  Pine  St. ;  Cafe  Martin  (French),  17  University  Place;  Cafe, 


318  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

Savarin,  120  Broadway;  Vienna  Bakery,  Broadway  and  10th  St.;  Colum- 
bia, 48  E.  14th  St. ;  Delisle's  (French),  92  Fulton  St. ;  Metropolis,  26  E.  14th 
St.;  Moquin's  (French),  149  Fulton  St.,  20  Ann  St.  and  438  Sixth  Ave.; 
Morello's  (Italian),  4  W.  29th  St.;  Moretti's  (Italian),  21st  St.,  east  of  Broad- 
way; Martinelli's  (Italian),  136  Fifth  Ave.;  Lantelme  (Italian),  40  Union 
Square,  east;  Cafe  Logeling  (German),  239  E.  57th  St.;  Smith  &  McNeil's, 
198  Greenwich  St.  and  199  Washington  St.;  Nash  &  Brush's,  18  Park 
Place;  and  Robins  &  Foy's,  John  St.,  opposite  Dutch  St. 

Cabs  and  Coaches. 

New  York  Cab  Service  is  efficient  and  well  regulated.  At  almost  all 
the  cab  stands  single  horse  coupes  and  hansoms  and  double  horse  coaches 
may  be  hired,  either  by  the  mile,  hour  or  day.  Although  the  rates  of  fare 
are  fixed  by  Ordinance  of  the  City  authorities  to  prevent  extortion,  they 
are  at  the  mutual  discretion  of  the  driver  and  passenger,  and  may  often  be 
considerably  modified  for  special  services.  All  charges  should  be  agreed 
upon  before  entering  the  cab.  The  legal  fares  are  for  one  or  two  persons 
in  a  cab,  or  from  one  to  four  in  a  coach.  Children  under  eight  years  of  age 
are  carried  free  when  accompanied  by  their  guardians.  When  a  cab  is  en- 
gaged, single  pieces  of  baggage  larger  than  steamer  trunks  should  be  sent 
to  their  destination  by  a  local  express.  Coaches  carry  heavy  trunks  at 
special  rates. 

The  regulations  and  legal  rates  of  fare  are  as  follows: 

For  Cabs. 

Mile  Rate. — For  conveying  one  or  more  persons  any  distance,  sums 
not  exceeding  the  following  amount:  fifty  cents  for  the  first  mile  or  part 
thereof,  and  each  additional  half  mile  or  part  thereof  twenty-five  cents. 
By  distance:  For  "stops"  of  over  five  minutes,  and  not  exceeding  fifteen 
minutes,  twenty-five  cents.  For  longer  stops  the  rate  will  be  twenty-five 
cents  for  every  fifteen  minutes  or  fraction  thereof,  if  more  than  five  min- 
utes. For  a  brief  stop,  not  exceeding  five  minutes  in  a  single  trip,  there 
will  be  no  charge. 

Hour  Rate. — For  the  use  of  a  cab  by  the  hour  with  the  privilege  of 
going  from  place  to  place  and  stopping  as  often  and  as  long  as  may  be  re- 
quired, one  dollar  for  the  first  hour  or  part  thereof,  and  for  each  succeed- 
ing half  hour  or  part  thereof,  fifty  cents. 

For  Coaches. 

Mile  Rate. — For  conveying  one  or  more  persons  any  distance,  sums 
not  exceeding  the  following  amount:  one  dollar  for  the  first  mile  or  part 
thereof,  and  each  additional  half  mile  or  part  thereof,  forty  cents.     By  dis- 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  319 

tance:  for  stops  of  over  five  minutes  and  not  exceeding  fifteen  minutes, 
thirty-eight  cents.  For  longer  stops  the  rate  will  be  thirty-eight  cents  for 
every  fifteen  minutes.  For  a  brief  stop  not  exceeding  five  minutes  in  a 
single  trip,  there  will  be  no  charge. 

Hour  Rate. — For  the  use  of  a  coach  by  the  hour,  with  privilege  of  go- 
ing from  place  to  place  and  stopping  as  long  and  as  often  as  may  be  re- 
quired, one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  for  the  first  hour  or  part  thereof,  and  for 
each  succeeding  half-hour  or  part  thereof,  seventy-five  cents. 

No  cab  or  coach  shall  be  driven  by  the  time  rate  at  a  pace  less  than 
five  miles  an  hour. 

Every  owner  or  driver  of  hackney  coach  or  cab  shall  carry  on  his  coach 
or  cab  one  piece  of  baggage,  not  to  exceed  fifty  pounds  in  weight,  without 
extra  charge;  but  for  any  additional  baggage  he  may  carry,  he  shall  be  en- 
titled to  extra  compensation  at  the  rate  of  twenty-five  cents  a  piece. 

In  all  cases  where  the  hiring  of  a  hackney  coach  or  cab  is  not  at  the 
time  specified  to  be  by  the  hour,  it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  by  the  mile;  and 
for  any  detention  exceeding  fifteen  minutes  when  working  by  the  mile,  the 
owner  or  driver  may  demand  at  the  rate  of  one  dollar  an  hour. 

The  owner  or  driver  of  a  hackney  coach  or  cab  shall  not  demand  or  be 
entitled  to  receive  any  pay  for  the  conveyance  of  any  passenger  unless  the 
number  of  the  carriage  and  rates  of  fare  be  conspicuously  fixed  in  and  on 
the  carriage  or  cab,  under  penalty  of  five  dollars. 

The  owner  or  driver  of  any  coach  or  cab  who  may  have  demanded  and 
received  any  fare  in  excess  of  what  was  proper,  shall  return  the  excess  re- 
ceived and  be  liable  to  a  penalty  of  five  dollars. 

Every  licensed  owner  or  driver  of  any  hackney  coach  or  cab  shall  have 
the  right  to  demand  his  fare  of  the  person  or  persons  employing  him  on  en- 
tering his  coach  or  cab,  and  may  refuse  to  carry  any  person  not  complying 
with  this  demand. 

Every  licensed  hackney  coach  or  cab,  while  waiting  at  night  for  em- 
ployment at  any  public  stand,  must  have  its  lamps  lighted  as  soon  as  it 
becomes  dark,  and  thereafter  kept  trimmed  and  burning  while  at  the  stand 
and  during  employment. 

There  must  be  fixed  in  each  hackney  coach  or  cab,  so  as  to  be  con- 
veniently read  by  any  person  riding  therein,  a  card  containing  the  name  of 
the  owner  and  the  number  of  his  license,  printed  in  plain,  legible  characters. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  driver  of  every  hackney  coach  or  cab  at  the  com- 
mencement of  his  employment,  to  present  the  passenger  employing  him 
with  a  printed  card  or  slip  containing  these  regulations. 

Every  licensed  driver  shall,  while  waiting  for  employment,  and  when 
employed,  wear  conspicuously  upon  the  breast  or  his  outer  coat  a  metal 
badge  bearing    legibly  embossed  thereon  the  number     of    his    license, 


320  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

together  with  the  words,  "  Licensed  Hack  Driver,"  under  penalty  of  sus- 
pension or  revocation  of  his  license. 

Complaints  for  violations  of  the  above  ordinances  may  be  mnde  to  the 
Mayor's  Marshal,  Room  i,  City  Hall. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  public  cab  stands  within  the  city  limits: 
South  Ferry,  foot  of  Whitehall  street,  along  Battery  Park,  Broadway  and 
around  Bowling  Green;  in  Barclay  street,  west  of  Washington  street;  in 
Murray  street,  between  Washington  and  West  streets;  in  Bond  street,  from 
Stock  Exchange  to  Beaver  street;  at  Fulton  Ferry,  along  the  market  side: 
in  Chambers  street,  to  west  side  of  new  Court  House;  in  Canal  street,  west 
of  Washington  street;  in  Chatham  Square;  west  and  south  of  Union  Square; 
north,  west  and  south  of  Madison  Square;  the  vacant  squares,  junction  of 
Broadway  and  6th  avenue;  326.  and  35th  streets;  on  4th  avenue,  between 
40th  and  42d  streets;  at  the  junction  of  Broadway  and  7th  avenue,  43d  to 
47th  streets;  on  north  side  of  40th  and  south  side  of  42d  streets,  from  5th  to 
6th  avenues;  on  59th  street,  at  5th,  6th,  7th  and  8th  avenues;  at  all  ferries; 
at  all  passenger  steamboat  landings,  15  minutes  before  the  usual  time  of 
arrival  of  passenger  steamboats;  at  all  theatres  and  other  places  of  amuse- 
ment, 25  minutes  before  the  conclusion  of  the  performance;  at  all  railroad 
depots,  5  minutes  previous  to  the  arrival  of  passenger  trains;  and  Broad- 
way, opposite  St.  Paul's  Church,  from  5  P.  M.  until  sunrise;  on  all  street 
corners,  from  10  P.  M.  until  sunrise;  south  side  155th  street,  9th  and  New 
avenues;  north  side  145th  street  and  8th  avenue;  north  side  125th  street 
and  8th  avenue;  north  side  155th  street  and  8th  avenue;  Fordham  station, 
New  Haven  R.  R. 

Besides  the  regular  cab  companies,  there  are  innumerable  livery  stables 
in  the  city  from  which  all  kinds  of  conveyances  may  be  hired  by  the  hour 
or  day,  or  upon  special  agreement.  To  avoid  misunderstandings,  it  is 
always  better  to  make  a  bargain  with  the  clerk  in  the  office. 

Expresses. 

Express  offices  in  which  orders  may  be  left  for  the  removal  of  trunks, 
packages,  &c,  are  to  be  found  in  almost  every  block  in  the  older  part  of  the 
city,  and  at  convenient  locations  in  the  newer  sections.  All  the  railroad 
companies  have  local  express  services  with  offices  at  the  ticket  agencies. 
Checks  or  receipts  are  invariably  given  by  expressmen  when  money  is  paid 
to  them  for  expressing  baggage  or  when  baggage  is  transferred  to  their 
care.  Neglect  in  enforcing  this  rule  frequently  entails  a  great  deal  of 
trouble  and  delay.  Expressmen  board  all  the  incoming  trains  before  they 
reach  the  depots,  and  go  through  the  cars  soliciting  for  the  transferring  of 
baggage.  As  these  officials  are  the  employes  of  the  most  responsible  com- 
panies, and  are  recognized  by  the  railroad  authorities,  they  may  be  relied 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  321 

upon  to  fulfil  any  agreements  they  may  make.  Receipts  are  given  in  ex- 
change for  the  checks  relinquished.  As  at  all  other  times,  care  should  be 
taken  to  give  correct  addresses.  Payment  at  the  time  of  giving  the  order  or 
receipt  of  baggage  is  optional.  The  express  companies  in  New  York  may 
be  divided  into  three  classes — foreign,  continental,  and  local. 

The  Principal  Companies  having  Foreign  Offices  are: — Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.,  63  Broadway,  10  Clinton  JPlace,  957  Broadway,  &c. ;  American,  65 
Broadway,  Madison  Av.  and  47th  St.,  121  E.  125th  St.,  Railroad  Av.  and 
138th  St.,  940  Broadway,  8th  Av.  and  53rd  St.,  15  E.  14th  St.  and  Fordham; 
United  States,  49,  683,  946  and  1313  Broadway,  875  Sixth  Av.,  342  Third 
Ave.  and  72  W.  125th  St.;  Baldwin's  American-European,  53  Broadway;  and 
Contanseau  Rapid,  71  Broadway. 

The  Principal  Continental  Companies  are: — Adams,  59  and  684 
Broadway,  12  W.  23rd  St.,  40  E.  42nd  St.,  and  48th  St.  and  Lexington  Av. ; 
American,  65,  715,  785  and  940  Broadway,  Madison  Ave.  and  47th  St.,  121 
E.  and  237  W.  125th  St.,  and  8th  Ave.  and  53rd  St.;  National,  145,  785  and 
950  Broadway,  Madison  Ave.  and  47th  St.,  and  foot  of  W.  42d  St.;  New 
York  and  Boston  Despatch,  304  Canal  St.,  45  Church  St.,  foot  Murray  St., 
and  940  Broadway.  United  States,  49,  683,  946  and  1313  Broadway,  875 
6th  Ave.,  343  3d  Ave.  and  72  W.  125th  St.;  Wells-Fargo,  63,  317,  and  957 
Broadway,  10  Clinton  Place,  foot  of  Chambers  St.  and  foot  of  W.  23d  St. 

The  Principal  Local  Companies  are: — Westcott,  12  Park  Place,  foot 
of  W.  42d  St.,  foot  of  Jay  St.,  53  W.  125th  St.,  785  and  942  Broadway, 
Grand  Central  Depot,  11 54  Ninth  Ave.,  foot  Barclay  St.  and  foot  Chris- 
topher St.;  New  York  Transfer  Company  (Dodd's)  944  and  1323  Broadway, 
Sixth  Ave.  and  42nd  St.,  foot  Desbrosses  St.,  foot  Liberty  St.,  241  W.  28th 
St.,  132  E.  and  264  W.  125th  St.,  and  Ninth  Ave.  and  72d  St.;  Long  Island, 
foot  of  E.  34th  St. 

Facilities  for  Transmitting  Money. 

There  are  three  systems  in  use  in  the  United  States  by  which  money 
may  be  transmitted  from  one  place  to  another  in  this  country  as  well  as  to 
the  most  important  foreign  cities.  The  first  and  most  popular  method  is  by 
the  Post  Office  Money  Order  system,  the  manner  of  using  which  is  fully 
explained  in  the  chapter  on  Means  of  Communication.  A  second  equally 
safe  and  more  convenient  means  of  forwarding  money  is  by  express  money 
orders  which  may  be  obtained  at  all  the  offices  of  the  leading  express  com- 
panies throughout  the  country.  This  system  has  advantages  over  the  oth- 
ers in  that  the  express  companies,  which  are  generally  exceedingly  wealthy 
corporations,  are  entirely  responsible  for  all  money  received  by  them,  while 
in  the  Post  Office  system  reliability  rests  with  the  local  agents. 

Express  Money  Orders  may  be  purchased  at  any  hour  of  the  day  in 
any  of  the  local  offices  of  the  great  continental    express  companies — the 


322  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Adams,  American,  National,  Wells-Fargo,  United  States,  or  Southern.  The 
offices  of  these  companies  are  too  numerous  to  enroll  here,  but  they  will  be 
found  conveniently  located  at  various  points  in  the  city.  No  written  appli- 
cations are  required.  "When  the  order  is  sent  to  Europe  or  other  foreign 
territories  the  payee  receives  the  full  equivalent  in  the  currency  of  the 
country  where  payable.  Orders  can  be  deposited  for  collection  in  any  bank 
and  cashed  through  the  clearing  houses  in  the  same  manner  as  checques, 
drafts,  &c.  The  rates  for  United  States  and  Canada  are  about  as  follows: 
For  orders  not  exceeding  $5.00,  5  cents;  not  exceeding  $10.00,  8  cents;  not 
exceeding  $20.00,  10  cents;  not  exceeding  $30.00,  12  cents;  not  ex- 
ceeding $40.00,  15  cents;  not  exceeding  $50.00,  20  cents.  Rates 
for  orders  payable  in  Europe:  For  orders  not  exceeding  $10.00, 
10  cents;  not  exceeding  $20.00,  18  cents;  not  exceeding  $30.00,  25 
cents;  not  exceeding  $40.00,  35  cents;  not  exceeding  $50.00,  46 
cents.  Orders  for  amounts  exceeding  $50.00  to  domestic  or  foreign  places 
are  issued  at  proportionate  rates.  The  express  companies  also  furnish 
travellers'  checques  which  are  more  convenient  and  less  costly  than  letters 
of  credit  or  circular  notes  and  available  for  payment  in  Europe,  Asia,  Af- 
rica, Australia,  United  States  and  Canada.  The  principal  hotels  receive 
them  in  payment  of  bills  and  railroad  and  steamship  companies  in  exchange 
for  tickets  at  the  face  value.  They  may  also  be  cashed  at  almost  all  the 
leading  bankers.  The  signature  of  the  traveller  is  sufficient  to  secure 
identification.  Checques  are  issued  for  amounts  varying  from  $10  to  $100, 
in  any  quantity,  and  the  fixed  foreign  equivalents  are  printed  thereon. 
The  rate  for  checques  payable  in  the  United  States  is  about  }£oii  per 
cent,  of  their  face  value,  but  the  minimum  charge  is  40  cents;  and  for 
checques  payable  in  Europe  %  of  1  per  cent. ,  the  minimum  charge  being  50 
cents. 

The  Telegraph  Money  Order  System  is  the  third  mode  of  forwarding 
money.  For  the  accommodation  of  travellers  and  others,  in  emergencies, 
and  incidentally  to  facilitate  their  own  business,  the  telegraph  companies 
will  make  transfers  of  money,  in  small  amounts,  containing  no  fractions  of 
a  dollar,  between  a  limited  number  of  its  offices.  Such  transfers  will  be 
made  upon  the  following  terms  and  conditions:  To  cover  clerical  and  inci- 
dental services  a  charge  is  made  of  1  per  cent,  on  all  sums  of  $25  or  over, 
and  for  smaller  amounts  the  charge  is  25  cents  in  each  case.  As  the  usual 
telegraphic  service  necessary  for  each  transfer  exceeds  two  telegrams  of  15 
words  each  a  further  charge  is  made  for  this  service  of  a  sum  not  exceeding 
double  the  tolls  on  a  single  message  of  15  words  between  the  transfer 
places.  Payment  of  the  sums  transferred  is  made  at  the  principal  office  of 
the  telegraph  companies  at  the  point  designated,  upon  satisfactory  evi- 
dence of  the  personal  identity  of  the  payee  being  produced.     The  sending 


TRAVELLERS'  GUIDE.  323 

of  a  telegram  requesting  the  transfer  of  money  to  its  receiver  is  not  suffi- 
cient evidence  of  his  identity  with  the  payee  of  such  transfer. 

In  case  payment  is  not  made  to  the  payee  within  48  hours  after  receipt 
of  the  transfer  message  by  the  manager  of  the  paying  office  '(exclusive  of 
Sundays  and  holidays),  the  transfer  will  be  cancelled  and  the  amount  thereof 
refunded  to  the  sender  upon  application  at  the  receiving  office,  but  in  such 
case  the  amount  received  for  services  and  tolls  will  be  retained  by  the  tele- 
graph companies. 

Railroads. 

,  The  only  great  railways  which  have  terminal  depots  within  the  city  are 
the  New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River,  the  Harlem  and  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  and  Hartford,  which  jointly  use  the  Grand  Central  station  as 
their  main  passenger  depot.  All  the  other  railways,  with  the  exception  of 
those  on  Long  and  Staten  Islands,  have  their  depots  in  New  Jersey,  at 
Jersey  City,  Hoboken  and  Weehawken,  and  are  reached  from  New  York 
by  ferries.  One  special  feature  of  the  great  trunk  lines  running  to  New 
York  is  their  palatial  vestibuled  express  trains,  which  have  won  for  the 
American  railroads  a  world  wide  reputation.  These  trains  are  equipped 
with  parlor,  state  room,  reading  room  and  library,  dining,  sleeping  and 
smoking  cars,  enabling  the  traveller  to  enjoy,  while  en  route,  all  the  com- 
forts of  a  first  class  hotel.  The  suburban  service  of  many  of  the 
roads  is  unsurpassed  anywhere  in  the  country.  Trains  are  run  at  short  in- 
tervals to  and  from  all  the  small  towns  and  villages  within  a  radius 
of  thirty  or  forty  miles  of  New  York  for  the  convenience  of  the  tens  of 
thousands  of  business  men  who  reside  outside  the  city  limits.  Some  of 
these  trains  attain  a  speed  of  a  mile  a  minute,  and  have  attached  to  them 
so-called  "club  cars,"  in  which  members  may  purchase  seats  with 
exclusive  privileges  for  a  month  or  longer  period.  Special  trains  on  the 
New  York  Central,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  Central  Railroads  have 
broken  all  American  records  for  their  speed  maintained  over  long  distances. 
On  the  New  York  Central  a  train  is  run  from  New  York  to  Niagara  Falls, 
a  distance  of  462  miles,  in  a  little  over  eight  hours,  an  average  rate  of 
over  50  miles  an  hour.  The  passenger  traffic  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  is 
immense,  as  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
carries  annually  about  7,000,000  persons,  while  the  Long  Island,  the  service 
on  which  is  entirely  local,  carries  nearly  9,000,000.  The  block  signal  system 
is  employed  on  the  best  railroads  as  a  safeguard  against  accidents,  the 
number  of  which  has  been  greatly  reduced  since  its  introduction. 

The  depots  of  the  great  railways  in  and  about  New  York  afford  to  the 
traveller  almost  all  the  conveniences  of  the  largest  hotels.  Dining  rooms, 
buffets,  telegraph,  messenger,   cab,   telephone  and  express  offices,   news, 


324  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

fruit  and  flower  stands,  fire  alarms,  letter  boxes,  parcel  and  coat  check 
rooms,  separate  waiting  rooms  for  men  and  women,  and  bureaux  of  infor- 
mation, besides  the  many  other  accommodations  always  associated  with 
railway  stations  are  to  be  found  in  each.  The  depots  are  invariably  within 
easy  access  of  the  ferries  or  street  and  elevated  railways.  The  time  of  de- 
parture of  trains  is  indicated  by  a  dummy  clock  surmounting  a  bulletin 
board,  on  which  are  named  the  stations  at  which  the  train  about  to  depart 
stops.  The  departure  of  each  train  is  also  announced  in  stentorian  tones 
by  an  official,  who  guards  the  exit  to  the  boarding  platform.  Courteous  of- 
ficials are  always  in  waiting  and  ready  to  give  assistance  when  required. 
The  Grand  Central  Station  of  the  New  York  Central  R.  R.  is  perhaps  the 
best  appointed  railway  depot  in  the  country.  Here  confusion  is  reduced  to 
a  minimum  by  the  complete  separation  of  the  incoming  and  outgoing  traffic 
— a  separate  depot  being-  provided  for  each  department. 
The  following  are  the  railways  leading  to  New  York  : — 

Baltimore  &  Ohio.— Depot  at  Communipaw,  Jersey  City,  from  New  York  by  ferry  from 
foot  of  Liberty  St.  To  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Pittsburg,  and  West- 
ern cities. 

Culver  Route.— Depot,  5th  avenue  and  39th  St.,  Brooklyn;  from  New  York  by  Ferry  from 
ft.  Whitehall  St.    To  Coney  island  and  adjacent  resorts. 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western.— Depot.  Hoboken;  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  ft. 
Barclay  St.  or  Christopher  St.  To  Paterson,  Lake  Hopatcong,  Delaware  Water  Gnp, 
Wilkesbarre,  Richfield  Springs,  Scranton,  Utica,  Syracuse,  Buffalo  and  connections 
for  all  Western  cities. 

Morris  &  Essex.— Via  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  route  and  connections.  To  New- 
ark, Orange,  Montclair,  Summit,  Morristown,  etc. 

Long  Island  Railroad.— Depot,  Long  Island  City;  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  ft.  E. 
34th  St.  and  James  Slip.  Also  depots  at  Flatbush  and  Atlantic  Aves..  Brooklyn, 
reached  from  New  York  by  Brooklyn  Bridge  and  elevated  or  surface  railways  in 
Brooklyn.  To  Manhattan  Beach,  Long  Beach,  Jamaica,  Flushing,  Garden  City,  Baby- 
lon, Southampton,  Sag  Harbor,  River  Head,  Greenport,  and  all  other  points  on  Long 
Island . 

New  York  &  Rockaway  Beach.— Depot,  Long  Island  R.  R.,  Long  Island  City;  from  New 
York  by  ferry  from  ft.  E.  34th  St.  or  James  Slip.  To  Manhattan  Beach,  Rockaway 
Beach,  Long  Beach  and  Coney  Island. 

New  Jersey  Southern.— Depot  at  Sandy  Hook,  reached  from  New  York  by  boat  from  Pier 
8,  North  River,  ft.  Rector  St.;  also  via  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey  by  ferry  from 
Liberty  St.    To  all  New  Jersey  seaside  resorts. 

New  York  &  Harlem  —Grand  Central  Depot,  42nd  St.  and  4th  Ave.  To  White  Plains, 
Lake  Mahopac,  Berkshire  Hills  and  Chatham,  where  connection  is  made  with  the 
Boston  and  Albany  R.  R. 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River.— Grand  Central  Depot,  42nd  St.  and  4th  Ave.;  also 
depot  at  30th  St.  and  10th  Ave.  To  all  points  on  the  east  shore  of  the  Hudson  River, 
Albany,  Saratoga,  Lake  George,  Lake  Champlain,  the  Adirondacks,  Montreal,  Syra- 
cuse, Rochester,  Buffalo.  Niagara  Falls,  connecting  with  Canadian  railroads  at  Niag- 
ara Falls,  Cleveland,  Chicago,  and  connections  with  all  Western  lines. 

New  York  Lake  Erie  &  Western.— Depot,  Jersey  City;  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  ft. 
Chambers  St.  and  ft.  W.  23d  St.  To  local  points  in  New  Jersey,  Toledo,  Port  Jervis, 
Watkms  Glen,  Rochester,  Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls,  Detroit,  and  connecting  with  all 
Western  points. 

Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake.— Via  Erie.  To  Montclair,  Watchung,  Greenwood  Lake  and 
intermediate  points. 

New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake. — Via  Erie.  To  Greenwood  Lake  and  intermediate  points  in 
New  Jersey. 

New  Jersey  &  New  York.— Via  Erie.    To  suburban  points  in  New  Jersey. 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  325 

Northern  of  New  Jersey.— Via  Erie.  To  EngJewood,  Demarest,  Sparkill  and  Nyack  and 
intermediate  points. 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford.— From  Grand  Central  Depot,  42d  St.  i ind  4th  Ave.  To 
Bridgeport,  New  Haven,  Hartford,  Springfield,  Boston,  connecting  with  local  branches 
for  Connecticut,  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  cities. 

Harlem  Branch.— To  New  Roschelle  from  the  North  side  of  Harlem  River;  depot  near 
Third  Ave.  Draw  Bridge. 

New  York  &  Northern.— Depot  155th  St.  and  Eighth  Ave.,  via  Sixth  or  Ninth  Ave.  Ele- 
vated Railroad.    To  alllocal  points  and  Croton  Lake,  Lake  Mahopac,  Peekskill,  etc. 

New  York  and  Sea  Beach.— Depot  at  Bay  Ridge,  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  foot  Whiie- 
hall  St.    To  Coney  Island,  &c. 

New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western  .—Depot  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  Jersey  City;  from  New 
York  by  ferry  from  foot  of  Cortlandt  or  Desbrosses  St.  To  points  in  Northern  and 
Eastern  Pennsylvania,  etc. 

Ontario  &  Western.— From  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Depot,  Jersey  City,  from  New  York  by 
ferry  from  foot  Cortlandt  or  Desbrosses  St. ;  also  depot  Weehawken.  from  New  York 
by  ferry  from  foot  W.  42d  St.  and  foot  Jay  St.  To  Utica,  Oswego,  Thousand  Islands, 
Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls,  connecting  with  all  Western  lines. 

Pennsylvania.— Depot  at  Exchange  Place,  Jersey  City;  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  foot 
Cortlandt  and  Desbrosses  Sts.  To  Newark,  Trenton  and  intermediate  New  Jersey 
towns  and  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Baltimore,  and  all  Southern  and  Western 
points. 

Reading  Railroad  System:— 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.— Depot  at  Communipaw,  Jersey  City;  from  New  York 
by  ferry  from  foot   Liberty  St.    To  Newark,   Elizabeth,  Plainfield,  Bound  Brook, 
Allentown,  Trenton,  Philadelphia  and  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Regions. 

Newark  &  New  York. — A  branch  of  the  Central  of  New  Jersey.    To  Newark  and  interme- 
diate points. 
New  York  and  Long  Branch.— Depots  Communipaw  and  Exchange  Place,  Jersey  City; 
by  ferry  from  foot  Liberty  or  Desbrosses  or  Cortlandt  St.     To  New  Jersey  Sea- 
side Resorts. 
Lehigh  Valley.— From  Depot  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  Jersey  City,  from  Cortlandt  and  Des- 
brosses Sts.,  by  ferry.    To  Phillipsburgh,  Easton.  Bethlehem,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore, 
Washington,  connecting  with  all  Railroads  for  the  North,  West  and  South. 
Philadelphia  and  Reading.— Depot  Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey;  from  New  York  by  ferry 
from  foot  Liberty  St. 

Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit.— Depot  St.  George,  S.  I. ;  from  New  York  by  ferry  from  foot 
Whitehall  St.    To  all  points  on  Staten  Island. 

West  Shore  &  Buffalo.— From  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Depot,  Jersey  City.  From  New  York 
by  ferry  foot  Cortlandt  or  Desbrosses  St.;  also  depot  at  Weehawken;  from  New 
York  by  ferry  from  foot  W.  42d  or  Jay  St.  To  all  pointo  on  the  West  shore  of  the  Hud- 
son River.  West  Point,  Newburg,  Catskill  Mountains,  Albany,  Utica,  Oswego,  Roches- 
ter, Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls,  connecting  with  all  Western  lines. 

The  Elevated  and  Surface  Steam  Railways. 

The  growth  of  New  York  City  has  created  the  necessity  for  some  means 
of  rapid  transportation  within  its  limits.  To  meet  this  demand  the  Ele- 
vated Railway  was  devised.  The  construction  of  this  road  was  begun  in 
1867  and  completed  some  years  later.  So  immense  are  the  requirements 
of  the  city  for  accommodation  of  this  kind  that  even  at  this  early  date  the 
traffic  has  outgrown  the  utmost  capacity  of  this  system,  and  a  public  de- 
mand has  recently  been  made  for  yet  greater  facilities  and  still  more  rapid 
travel.  The  phenomenal  development  of  the  northern  section  of  the  city  is 
due  to  the  easy  access  afforded  by  the  elevated  railroads.  The  plan  of 
construction  of  these  roads  is  simple  and  presented  no  serious  engineering 
difficulties.     Iron  trestles,  built  upon  deeply  laid  concrete  foundations,  are 


326  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

used  as  supports  for  the  roadbed,  which,  on  an  average,  is  about  25  to  30 
feet  above  the  pavement.  Steel  rails  with  massive  wooden  side  guards  and 
wooden  sleepers  are  used.  Small,  but  very  powerful  locomotives  are  em- 
ployed. The  trains  consist  generally  of  from  three  to  five  cars,  each  with  a 
seating  capacity  for  about  48  persons,  while  half  as  many  more  may  be  ac- 
commodated in  the  aisles.  As  in  the  surface  cars,  straps,  suspended  from  a 
rod  firmly  fixed  to  the  roof,  are  provided  for  the  support  of  passengers  not 
having  seats.  All  the  cars  are  fitted  with  stationary  woven  cane  seats. 
The  entire  system  is  controlled  by  one  company,  the  Manhattan  Elevated 
Railway  Company.  There  are  in  all  four  roads,  in  Second,  Third,  Sixth  and 
Ninth  avenues  respectively.  The  station  houses,  which  are  approached  by 
stairways  from  the  side  streets,  are  provided  with  waiting  rooms,  ticket 
offices  and  news  stands,  are  commodious  and  very  appropriate  to  the  use 
they  subserve.  Tickets  may  be  purchased  singly  or  in  any  quantity  at  the 
rate  of  5  cents  each,  and  one  must  be  dropped  into  the  gateman's  box 
for  each  person  passing  from  the  waiting  room  to  the  platform  of 
the  station.  Tickets  are  not  examined  or  collected  upon  the  trains.  The 
length  of  the  elevated  roads  is  32.4  miles.  On  these  948  cars  and  291 
locomotives  were  employed  last  year  in  the  transportation  of  185,833,632 
passengers,  or  an  average  of  508,132  a  day.  The  movement  of  passengers 
on  the  surface  and  elevated  railroads  increased  from  272,000,000  in  1884,  to 
397,000,000  in  1889.  If  the  increase  for  the  next  five  years  is  proportionate 
the  traffic  will  aggregate  about  580,000,000  in  1894.  The  following  are  the 
different  railway  routes  and  the  location   of  the   stations  : 

LINES  NORTH  AND  SOUTH 

West  Side. 

The  Ninth  Avenue  Line  runs  from  W.155th  Stand  8th  Ave.to  W.,110th  St.,to  Columbus  Ave., 
to  9th  Ave.,  to  Greenwich  St.,  to  Battery  PL,  to  South  Ferry.  Returning  by  same 
route.  This  line  coDnects  with  the  Sixth  Ave.  by  a  spur  road  on  W.  53d  St.  This 
line  connects  with  the  New  York  and  Northern  Railroad  at  the  155th  St.  Station. 
Trains  run  on  this  line  from  5.30  a.  m.,  (on  Sunday  from  6.45  a.  m.)  to  8  p.  m.,  every 
5  minutes.  Stations  are  at  the  following  cross  streets.  &c:  155th,  145th,  135th, 
125th,  116th,  104th.  93d, 81st,  72d.  66th  59th,  (where  passengers  are  transferred  to  the 
6th  Ave.  road  without  extra  charge)  50th.  42d,  34th,  30th,  23d,  14th,  Christopher, 
Houston,  Desbrosses,  Franklin,  Warren  Barclay,  Cortlandt,  Rector,  Battery  PI. 
and  South  Ferry. 

Tbe  Sixth  Avenue  Line  runs  from  W.58th  St., cor.  6th  Ave.  (Ceatral  Park)  through  6th  Ave., 
W.  3d  St.,  to  S.  5th  Ave.,  to  W.  Broadway  to  College  PI.  to  Murray  St., to  Church,  to 
Trinity  PI.,  to  Morris  St.,  to  Greenwich,  to  Battery  PL,  to  South  Ferry,  returning  by 
the  same  route.  This  line  is  connected  by  the  53d  St  spur  with  the  9th  Ave.  line: 
Trains  are  run  on  this  line  from  5.30  A.M  to  12  P  M.  at  intervals  of  2  or  5  min.,  and 
thereafter  every  20  min.  to  5.30  A.  M.  Stations  on  this  line  are  at  the  following  streets 
etc:  58th,  50th,  (where  passengers  are  transferred  to  the  9th  Ave.  road  without  extra 
charge,)  42nd,  33d,  28th,  23d,  18th,  14th,  8th,  Bleecker,  Grand,  Franklin,  Chambers, 
Park  PI,  Cortlandt,  Rector,  Battery  PL,  and  Soutn  Ferry 

East  Side. 

The  Third  Avenue  Line  runs  from  E.  129th  St.  and  3d  Ave.,  through  3d  Ave.  to  Bowery,  to 
New  Bowery,  to  Pearl  St.,  to  Coenties  Slip,  to  Front,  to  South  Ferry.  Trains  run  on 
this  line  from  4.45  A.  M.  tomidnigho  ut  intervals  of  from  4  to  8  min.  and  thereafter 
every  15  min.  to  4.45  A.  M.  Stations  on  this  line  are  at  the  following  cross  streets: 
129th,  125th,  116th,  106th,  99th,  89th,  84th,  70th,  67th,  59th,  53d,  47th,  42d,  (where  passen- 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  327 

gers  are  transferred  to  Grand  Central  depot  branch  without  extra  charge)  34th,)  where 
passengers  are  transferred  to  34th  St.  branch  for  2d  Ave.  and  34th  St.  Ferry  without 
extra  charge)  28th,  23d,  18th,  14th,  9th,  Houston,  Grand,  Canal,  Chatham  Square, 
(branch  to  City  Hall  to  which  passengers  are  transferred  without  extra  cnarge)  Frank- 
lin Square,  Fulton,  Hanc/er  Square  and  South  Ferry. 

A  branch  of  this  line  runs  through  Park  Row  to  entrance  of  Brooklyn  Bridge  and  City  Hall 
Park.  Trains  run  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  12.30  P.  M.,  at  intervals  ranging  from  3  to  5  min- 
utes and  thereafter  every  15  minutes  to  5.30  A.  M. 

A  branch  on  E.  34th  St.  connects  this  line  with  the  2nd  Ave.  line  and  both  with  the  E.  34th 
St.  Ferry.    Trains  run  every  few  minutes  from  5.30  A.  M.  to  12  P.  M. 

A  branch  on  the  E  42nd  St  connects  this  line  with  the  Grand  Central  Depot.  Trains  run 
every  few  minutes  from  6  A.  M.  to  12  P.  M. 

A  branch  on  E.  129th  St.  connects  this  line  with  the  2nd  Ave.  and  Suburban  Rapid  Transit 
line. 

The  Second  Avenue  Line  runs  from  130th  St.  and  2d  Ave. ,  through  2d  Ave.  to  E.  23d  St.,  to 
1st  Ave.,  to  Allen  St  ,  to  Divisi  >n,  to  New  Bowery,  to  Pearl  St.,  to  Coenties  Slip  te 
Front,  to  South  Ferry;  returning:  by  the  same  route.  This  line  connects  with  the  Sub- 
urban Rapid  Transit  by  bridge  running  across  the  Harlem  River  at  the  129th  St.  sta- 
tion. Trains  run  on  this  line  from  5:20  A.  M.  to  12  midnight,  at  intervals  of  2  or  5 
minutes  daily,  and  on  Sunday  every  5  minutes.  Passengers  are  transferred  to  Third 
Avenue  Line  without  extra  charge  at  Chatham  Square  and  34th  St.  Stations  on  this 
line  are  at  the  following  cross  streets  and  etc  :-U!9th,  127th,  121st,  117th  111th,  99th. 
92d,  86th,  80th,  65th,  5?th  E0th,42d,  34tn  (connects  with  Ferry  of  L.  I.  R.  R.  and  also  3d 
Ave.  road),  23d,  19th,  14th,  8th,  1st,  Rivington.  Grand,  Canal,  Chatham  Square  (where 
passengers  are  transferred  to  City  Hall  branch  without  extra  charge),  Franklin  Square, 
Fulton,  Hanover  Squat  e  and  South  Ferry. 

The  Suburban  Rapid  Transit  runs  from  3d  Ave. ,  cor.  F  129th  St. ,  to  2d  Ave. ,  across  Harlem 
River  thence  through  the  blocks  between  Alexander  Ave.  and  Willis  Ave.,  to  E.  145th 
St.,  to  Tremont  Ave.;  returns  by  the  sama  route.  This  line  connects  with  the  2d  and 
3d  Ave.  lines  at  E.  129th  St.  Stations  ont  his  h'ne  are  at  the  following  cross  streets, 
etc.:  129th,  128th,  133d,  138th,  143d,  149th,  156th,  161st,  166th,  169th,  Wendover  Ave. 
174th,  177th  or  Fremont  Ave. 

Stfam  Surface  Railroads. 

The  N>w  York  City  and  Northern  Railroad  connects  with  the  Ninth  Avenue  Elevated  Rail- 
road at  155th  St.  and  8th  Ave.,  and  runs  northward  to  Peekskill  and  intermediate  sta- 
tions. The  stations  on  this  line  within  the  city  limits  are  at  W.  155th  St.,  High  Bridge, 
Morris  Heights  (Dock),  Fordham  Heights,  Kings  Bridge,  Van  Cortlandt,  Mosholu. 

The  New  York  Central  Railroad,  local  service  runs  trains  from  the  Grand  Central  De- 
pot on  a  loop  line  to  Yonkers  and  W.  30th  St.  Stations  on  this  line  are  at  42d  St. 
(Grand  Central  Depoti,  86th  St.,  110th  St.,  125th  St.  (Harlem),  138th  St.  (Mott  Hav- 
en;, High  Bridge,  Morris  Heights  (Dock),  Kingsbridge,  Spu\  ten  Duyvil,  Riverdale, 
Mt.  St.  Vincent,  Inwood,  Fort  Washington,  W.  152d  St.,  W.  126th  St.  (Manhattan) 
and  W.  30th  St. 

The  New  York  and  Harlem  Railroad  runs  trains  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot  which 
stop  at  the  following  stations  within  the  city  limits:  Grand  Cent.al  Depot,  42d  St.; 
86th  St.,  110th  St.,  125th  St.  (Harlem),  138th  St.  (Mott  Haven),  Melrose,  Morrisannia, 
Claremont  Park,  Tremont,  Fordham,  Bedford  Park,  Williams  Bridge  and  Wood- 
lawn. 

Surface  Railway  Lines  and  Routes. 

Including  the  Elevated,  there  are  twenty-four  lines  of  street  railway  in 
operation  within  the  city  limits.  The  New  York  and  Harlem,  now  known 
as  the  Fourth  and  Madison  avenue  line,  has  the  honor  of  being  the  first 
street  railway  in  this  city,  and  perhaps  in  the  world.  This  line  was  incor- 
porated April  25th,  1831,  and  was  opened  for  public  traffic  in  November, 
1832,  from  Prince  St.  to  Harlem  Bridge.  The  first  cars  on  this  line  resem- 
bled stage  coaches  and  had  three  compartments,  with  side  doors.  The 
jolting  was  modified  by  leather  springs,  and  the  driver,  sitting  on  an  ele- 
vated seat,  operated  the  brake  with  his  feet. 


328  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 

The  surface  railway  companies  in  this  city  are  now  showing  a  prefer- 
ence for  the  cable  method  of  traction.  This  system  is  at  present  being  ap- 
plied to  the  Third  avenue  and  Broadway  lines,  and  has  for  the  past  few 
years  been  in  successful  operation  on  125th  St.  and  North  10th  avenue.  The 
most  serious  objections  to  this  cable  system  are  its  first  cost,  and  the  per- 
manent charges  for  operators  and  repairs.  Each  cable  lasts  from  six  to  fif- 
teen months,  and  costs  from  $6,000  to  $10,000.  Cables  are  made  in  lengths 
of  20,000  feet,  and  weigh  about  13,000  pounds  to  the  mile.  They  are  usually 
about  1}  inches  in  diameter. 

The  city  car  routes  are  operated  by  seventeen  companies  of  which  the 
largest  is  the  Third  avenue,  total  length  of  its  track  being  28.37  miles. 
Last  year  it  owned  421  cars  and  1,740  horses,  while  the  Second  Avenue 
owned  1,900  horses.  There  are  268  miles  of  car  lines  in  the  city  (exclusive 
of  the  Elevated)  on  which  2,378  cars  and  5,280  horses  were  in  use  last  year. 
On  the  various  surface  street  railways  about  225,000,000  passengers  are  car- 
ried annually. 

The  form  of  the  city  permits  a  very  simple  classification  of  the  general 
direction  of  its  street  railway  routes,  which  run,  with  few  exceptions,  either 
from  north  to  south  or  from  east  to  west.  On  all  the  surface  roads  cars  are 
run  from  an  early  hour  in  the  morning  until  about  midnight,  after  which 
the  city  ordinance  directs  that^,  car  shall  be  run  every  twenty  minutes  un- 
til six  A.  M.  Surface  cars  are  required  by  law  to  stop  on  the  farther  side 
of  the  cross  streets  to  avoid  obstructing  traffic.  Intending  passengers 
should  await  the  cars  on  these  corners,  and  thus  save  themselves  annoy- 
ance and  delay.  The  fare  on  all  these  lines  is  five  cents  for  continuous 
passage  for  any  distance. 

LINES  RUNNING  NORTH  AND  SOUTH 
Beginning  with  the  most  Westerly. 

Belt  Line,  "West  Side  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  South  Ferry  through  Whitehall  St.  to 
Bowling  Green,  to  Battery  Place,  to  West  St.,  to  10th  Ave.,  to  54th  St.,  returning  by 
the  same  route  to  btate  St.,  to  South  Ferry.  It  connects  with  the  East  Side  Belt 
Line. 

Tenth  Avenue,  and  E.  &  W.  125th  St.  Cable  (color  red):  From  foot  E.  155th  St.,  through 
E.  &  W.  Vioth  St.,  Manhattan  to  l(Jth  Ave.,  through  10th  Ave.  to  lS7th  St.  (Washing- 
ton Bridge);  returning  by  the  same  route.  Passengers  are  transferred  from  this  line 
to  the  W.  UOth  St.  line  without  extra  charge. 

Ninth  Avenue  Line  (color  yellowi:  Runs  from  Broadway,  corner  Fulton  St.,  through  Ful- 
ton to  Greenwich,  to  9:-h  Avenue,  to  Boulevard,  to  10th  Avenue,  to  W.  125th  !St.;  re- 
turning by  same  route  to  Gansevoort,  to  Washington,  to  Fulton,  to  Broadway. 

Eighth  Avenue  Line  (color  red):  Runs  from  Broadway,  corner  Vesey  St.,  through 
Vesey  to  Church  St.,  to  Chambt-rs  St.,  to  West  Broadway,  to  Canal  St.,  to  Hudson, 
to  3th  Ave.,  to  West  5"taSt.  ,  to  Central  Park;  re  turning  by  the  same  route  to  Cham- 
bers Si.,  to  College  Place,  to  Vesey  St.,  to  Broadway . 

Broadway  and  Canal  St.  Branch  (color yellow):  Runs  from  Broadway,  corner  Canal  St.  to 
8th  Ave.,  to  West  15ith  St. ;  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Seventh  Avenue  Line  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Whitehall  through  Broadway  to  Park 
Place,  to  Church,  to  Canal,  to  Sullivan,  to  West  3d,  to  Macdougal,  to  Clinton  Place, 
to  Greenwich  Ave.,  to  7th  Ave.,  to  West 53th  !St.  and  Central  Park;  returning  by  the 
same  route  to  West  4th  St ,  to  Thompson,  to  Canal,  to  West  Broadway,  to  Whitehall, 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  829 

to  College  Place,  to  Park  Place,  to  Broadway,  to  Whitehall  St.  (South  Ferry.)  Pas- 
sengers on  this  line  are  transferred  without  extra  charge  at  Canal  St.  to  6th  Ave.  line, 
going  up  or  down  town. 

Broadway  and  Canal  St.  Branch  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Broadway,  corner  Canal  St., 
through  Canal  St.  to  Varick,  and  thence  follows  the  same  route  as  the  Sixth  Ave. 
and  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Sixth  Avenue  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Broadway,  corner  Vesey  St.,  through  Vesey  to 
Church,  to  Chambers,  to  West  Broadway,  to  Canal  St.,  to  Varick,  to  Carmine,  to  6th 
Ave.,  to  East  59th  St  and  Central  Park ;  returning  by  the  same  route  to  Chambeis 
St.,  to  College  Place,  to  Vesey,  to  Broadway. 

University  Place  Line  (color  white):  Runs  from  59th  St.,  cor.  7th  Ave.,  through  7th  Ave.  to  45th 
St.,  to  Broadway,  to  University  PI.,  to  Worcester  St.,  to  Spring,  to  Bowery  to  Delancy, 
to  East,  to  Grand  St.,  to  foot  of  Grand  St.  (Ferry  to  Grand  St.,  Brooklyn),  returning  by 
same  route  to  Greene  St.,  to  Clinton  PI.,  to  University  PI.,  then  by  same  route,  to  start- 
ing place.  Passengers  are  transferred  from  this  line  to  Broadway  cars,  going  down 
at  Broadway,  cor  University  PI.,  and  also  at  Spring  St.,  Cor.  Broadway. 

Broadway  and  Seventh  Ave.  Line  (color  canary):  From  South  Ferry,  to  State,  to  Broadway, 
as  far  as  West  45th  St.,  thence  through  Seventh  Ave.,  to  Central  Park;  returning  by 
same  route.  Passengers  going  West  are  transferred  without  extra  charge  from  this 
line  at  Houston  and  Chambers  Sts.;  and  those  going  East  at  Prince  and  Duane  Sts. 

Bleecker  St.  and  Fulton  Ferry  Line  (color  white):  Runs  from  Fulton  St.,  t©  William,  to  Ann, 
to  Broadway,  to  Bleecker,  to  Macdougal,  to  4th,  to  West  1.2th,  to  Hudson,  to  West 
14th,  to  9th  Ave.,  to  23d  St.,  to  23d  St.  ferry  (which  runs  to  the  Erie  Railroad 
Depot,  Jersey  City);  returning  by  23d  St.,  to  9th  Ave.,  to  14th  St,  to 
Hudson,  to  Bleecker,  to  Broadway,  to  Park  Row,  to  Beekman,  to  South,  to  Fulton 
Ferry. 

Brooklyn  Bridge  Branch  (color  white):  From  Brooklyn  Bridge  to  Centre  St.,  to  Leonard,  to 
Elm,  to  Canal,  to  Broadway,  thence  by  the  main  route  as  above,  leturning  by  the 
same  route. 

Fifth  Avenue  Stage  Line  of  Omnibuses:  Runs  from  Bleecker  St.,  through  S.  Fifth  Ave., 
Washington  Square  and  Fifth  avenue  to  80th  St  ;  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Fourth  Avenue  Line  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Broadway  in  front  of  Post  Office,  through 
Park  Row  through  Centre  St.,  to  Grand,  to  Bowery,  to  Fourth  Ave.,  to  E.  42d  St. 
(Grand  Central  Depot);  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Fourth  Ave.  Line,  34th  St.  Ferry  Branch  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  E.  32d  St.  to  Lexington 
Ave.,  to  E.  34th  St.,  to  ferry  running  to  Long  Island  City  and  the  Long  Island  Railroad 
Depot.  Passengers  are  transferred  from  this  line  to  the.  Fourth  Ave.  and  Madison 
Ave.  lines  without  extra  charge. 

Madison  Avenue  Line  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Broadway  in  front  of  Post  Office,  through 
Park  Row  to  Centre  St.,  to  Bowery,  to 4th  Ave.,  to  E.  42d  St.  (Grand  Central  Depot), 
to  Vanderbilt  Ave.,  to  E,  44th  St.,  to  Madison  Ave.,  thence  to  138th  St.,  returning 
by  nearly  the  same  route. 

Third  Avenue  Line  (color  red):  Runs  from  Broadway  in  front  of  Post  Office,  through  Park 
Row  to  Chatham  St.,  to  Bowery,  to  3rd  Ave.,  and  thence  to  the  Harlem  Draw  Bridge  E. 
130th  St.,  returning  by  the  same  route.  This  line  will  be  operated  by  a  cable  traction 
system  by  the  end  of  the  present  year.  The  work  is  now  being  rapidly  pushed  to 
completion. 

First  and  Second  Avenue  Line  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  foot  Fulton  St.,  through  Fulton 
St.  to  Water,  to  Peck  Slip,  to  South,  to  Oliver,  to  Chatham  Square,  to  Bowery,  to  Grand 
St.,  to  Forsyth,  to  Houston,  to  2d  Ave.,  to  East  129th  St.,  returning  by  2d  Ave.,  to  East 
23d  St.,  to  1st  Ave  ,  to  Houston  St.,  to  Allen,  to  Grand,  to  Bowery,  to  Chatham  St.,  to 
New  Bowery,  to  Pearl  St.,  to  Fulton,  to  Ferry. 

Astoria  Ferry  Branch  (color yellow):  Runs  from  foot  East  92d  St.  (Astoria  Ferry)  to  , 2d 
Ave.,  to  East  56th  St. ,  to  Madison  Ave  ;  returning  the  same  route.  Transfers  passengers 
to  the  Madison  Ave.  line  without  extra  fare. 

Worth  St.  Branch  (col  or  yellow):  Rims  from  Worth  St.  corner  Broadway  to  Park  Row, 
thence  to  Harlem  by  main  line  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Astor  Place  Branch  (color  blue):  Runs  from  Astor  Place,  corner  Broadway  to  2d  Ave.,  to 
East  59th  St.,  to  1st  Ave.  to  East  129th  St.,  and  returning  by  the  same  route. 

City  Hall,  Avenue  B  and  Thirty-fourth  St.  Line  (color,  blue)'  Runs  from  Ann  St.,  corner 
Broadway,  through  Park  Row,  to  East  Broadway,  to  Clinton  St.,  to  Ave.  B,  to  East 
14th  St. ,  to  1st  Ave.,  to  East  34th  St.,  to  ferry  running  to  Long  Island  City  and  con- 
necting with  the  Long  Island  Railroad;  returns  by  nearly  the  same  route. 


330  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Dry  Dock  and  East  Broadway  Line  (color  green)  :  Runs  from  the  corner  Ann  St.,  corner 
Broadway,  through  Park  Row  to  East  Broadway,  to  Grand  St ,  to  Columbia,  to  Ave. 
D,  to  East  14th  St.,  to  Ave.  A,  to  East  23d  St.,  to  ferry;  returning  by  nearly  the  same 
route. 

Belt  Line,  East  Side  (color  yellow)  t  Passing  all  East  River  ferries  below  59th  St.,  runs 
from  South  Ferry  (foot  Whitehall  St )  through  Whitehall  St.,  to  South,  to  Broad,  to 
Water,  to  Old  Slip,  to  South  St  ,  to  Corlears,  to  Grand,  to  Goerck,  to  Houston,  to  Ave. 

D,  to  E.  14th  St ,  to  Ave.  A,  to  E.  23d  St .  to  1st  Ave.,  to  59th  St..  to  Central  Park,  to 
10th  Ave.,  to  W.  53d  St.,  returning  by  nearly  the  same  route  to  South  Ferry.  It  con- 
nects with  West  Side  Belt  Line,  passing  all  North  River  ferries  below  59th  St. 

Harlem,  Morrisania,  Tremont  and  Fordham  (color  maroon)  :  Runs  from  3d  Ave.,  cor.  E. 
130th  St.,  to  Morrisania  every  5  minutes,  and  to  Tremont  and  Fordham  ev^ry  15  min- 
utes Fare,  6  cents.  This  line  and  the  line  following  will  soon  be  operated  by  the 
Electric  Trolley  System. 

Harlem,  Morrisania  &  West  Farms  :  Runs  from  3d  Ave.,  cor.  130th  St.,  to  West  Farms 
and  intermediate  points  at  intervals  of  from  20  to  40  minutes.    Fare,  6  cents. 

Harlem  &  Port  Morris:  Runs  from  3d  Ave.,  cor.  130th  St.,  to  Port  Morris  every  15  min» 
utes. 

LINES  RUNNING  EAST  AND  WEST— CROSS  TOWN  LINES. 
(beginning  with  the  most  southerly.) 

Fulton  Street  Line  (color  chocolate)  :  Runs  from  foot  Fulton  St.  East  River  (Fulton  Ferry) 
through  Fulton  St.  to  West,  to  Liberty,  Cortlandt  and  Barclay  street  ferries,  returning 
by  same  route. 

Bleecker  Street  and  Fulton  Ferry  Line  (color  white)  :  Runs  from  foot  Fulton  St.  to  W.  42d 
St.  by  route  indicated  above  under  north  and  south  bound  lines. 

Chambers  Street  Line  (color  red)  :  Runs  from  foot  Chambers  St.,  cor.  West,  to  Duane  St.* 
to  Chatham,  to  New  Chambers,  to  James  Slip  ferrv;  to  Long  Island  City  and  Long 
Island  R  R.  depot,  returning  by  same  route  to  Chatham  St.,  to  Chambers,  to  Pavonia 
Ferry,  running  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  Jersey  City,  and  Erie  R.  R.  depot. 

Grand  Street  Branch  (color  blue):  Runs  from  foot  E.  Grand  St.  (Grand  St.  Ferry  to  Grand 
St.  and  Broadway,  Brooklyn)  to  Cherry  St  ,  to  Jackson,  to  Madison,  to  Chambers, 
cor.  West  (ferry  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  Jersey  City  and  Erie  R.  R.  Depot),  returning  by  the 
same  route. 

Grand  and  Cortlandt  Lines  Ccolor  yellow):  Runs  from  foot  E.  Grand  St.  (Grand  St.  Ferry 
to  Broadway  and  Grand  St.,  Brooklyn)  through  Grand  St.  to  E.  Broadway,  to  Canal 
St.,  to  Walker  to  W.  Broadway,  to  N.  Moore  St.,  to  Washington,  to  Cortlandt,  cor. 
West  (Cortlandt  St.  Ferry  to  Railroad  Ave.,  Jersey  City,  and  Penn.  R.  R.  Depot),  re- 
turning through  Cortlandt  St.,  to  Greenwich,  to  Beach,  to  W.  Broadway  to  Lispenard 
St.,  to  Broadway,  to  Canal  St.,  to  E.  Broadway,  to  Grand  St.,   to  E.  Grand  St. 

Metropolitan  Cross  Town  Line  (color  orange):  Runs  from  foot  E.  Grand  St.  (Ferry  to  Grand 
St.  and  Broadway,  Brooklyn),  through  East  St.,  to  Delancy,  to  Bowery,  to  Spring,  to 
S.  5th  Ave.,  to  Washington  Sq.,  S.,  to  Macdougal  St.,  to  Clinton  Place,  to  Greenwich 
Ave.,  to  7th  Ave.,  to  VV.  23d  St.,  to  foot  W.  23d  (ferry  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  Jersey  City, 
and  Erie  R.  R.  Depot);  returning  by  the  same  route. 

West  Fourteenth  Street  Branch  (color  orange):  Runs  from  Macdougal  through  Waverly 
Place,  to  Bank  St  ,to  Greenwich  Ave.,  to  W.  13th  St.,  to  13th  Ave.,  to  foot  W.  14thStM 
(ferry  from  foot  W.  13th  St.  to  Bay  St.,  Jersey  City),  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Avenue  C  Line  (color  cream):  Runs  foot  Chambers  St.,  cor.  West  (ferry  to  Pavonia  Ave., 
Jersey  City,  Erie  R  R.  Depot),  through  West  to  Charlton,  to  Prince,  to  Bowery,  to 
Stanton  St.,  to  Pitt,  to  Ave.  C,  to  E.  18th  St.,  to  Ave  A,  to  E.  23d  St.,  to  1st  Ave.,  to 

E.  a5th  St.,  to  Lexington  Ave.,  to  42d  St.  (Grand  Central  Depot),  returning  by  E.  42d 
St.,  to  Lexineton  Ave.,  to  36th  St.,  to  1st  Ave.,  to  23d  St.,  to  Ave.  A,  to  Houston  St.,  to 
West,  cor.  Chambers  St. 

Tenth  Street  Ferry  Branch  (color  cream):  Runs  from  foot  Chambers  St. ,  cor.  West  (ferry 
to  Pavonia  Ave. ,  Jersey  City  and  Erie  R.  R.  Depot),  through  West  to  Charlton,  to 
Prince,  to  Bowery,  to  Pitt  St.,  to  Ave.  C,  to  foot  E.  10th  St.  (.Tenth  St.  Ferry  to  Green- 
point  Ave.,  Brooklyn),  returning  by  E.  10th  St ,  to  Ave.  D,  to  E.  11th  St.,  to  Ave.  C,  to 
E.  3d  St.,  to  1st  Ave.,  to  Houston  St.,  to  West,  to  Chambers,  cor.  West. 

Christopher  and  Tenth  St.  Line  (color  white):  Runs  from  Christopher  St.,  cor.  West, 
(Christopher  St.  ferry  to  Newark  St,  Hoboken,  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
R.  R.,  Depot)  through  Christopher  to  Greenwich  Ave.,  to  8th  St ,  to  Ave.  A,  to  E. 
10th  St.,  to  footE.  10th  St  (Ferry  to  Greeupoint  Avenue,  Brooklyn);  returning  by  E. 
10th  St.  to  Ave.  A,  to  E  9th  St.,  to  Stuyvesant,  to  8th,  to  6th  Ave.,  to  Greenwich  Ave. 
to  W.  10th  St.,  to  West,  cor.  Christopher. 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  .  331 

Desbrosses,  Vestry  and  Grand  St  Line  (color  blue):  Runs  from  foot  E.  Grand  St.  (Ferries 
to  Grand  St  and  Broadway,  Brooklyn),  through  Grand  St  to  Sullivan,  to  Vestrv,  to 
Greenwich,  to  Desbrosses,  cor.  West  (Ferry  to  Exchange  Place,  Jersey  City,  Penn. 
R.  R  and  Susquehanna  &  Western  R.  R.  Depots);  returning  by  Desbrosses  St.  to 
Washington,  to  Vestry,  to  Sullivan,  to  Grand,  to  foot  E.  Grand  St. 

Fourteenth  St.  and  Union  Sq.  Line  (color  yellow):  Runs  from  Christopher,  cor.  West 
(Ferry  to  Newark  St.,  Hoboken;  Delaware.  Lackawanna  &  Western  R.  R.  Depot), 
through  Christopher  to  Greenwich,  to  9th  Ave.,  to  W.  &  E.  14th  St.  to  4th  Ave.,  re- 
turning through  E.  &  W.  14th  St.  to  9th  Ave.  to  Washington  St.,  to  Christopher,  cor. 
West. 

Central  Cross  Town  Line  (color  blue):  Runs  from  foot  E.  23d  St.  (Ferry  to  Broadway 
Brooklyn^,  through  E.  23d  St.  to  Ave.  A,  to  E.  18th  St.  to  Broadwav,  to  14th  St ,  to 
7th  A-^e.,  to  W.  11th  St.,  to  West,  to  Christopher  St.,  cor.  West  (Ferry  to  Newark  St., 
Hoboken;  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  R.  R.  depot);  returning  by  Christopher 
St.  to  Vest,  to  West  llth  St.,  to  7th  Ave  ,  to  14th  St.,  to  Broadway,  to  E.  17th  Si  ,  to 
Ave.  A,  to  E.  23d  St.,  to  foot  E.  23d  St. 

Twenty-third  Street  Line  (color  red):  Runs  from  foot  W.  23d  St.  (Ferry  to  Pavonia  Ave.. 
Jersey  City,  Eri  ?  R.  R.  Depot),  through  W  &  E.  23d  St.  to  foot  E.  23d  St.  (Ferry  to 
Broadway,  Brooklyn);  returning  by  same  route. 

Twenty -third  Street  Line.  Thirty-fourth  St.  Branch  (color  cream):  Runs  from  foot  W.  23d 
St.  (Ferry  as  in  last),  through  W.  &  E.  23d  St.  to  2d  Ave,,  to  E.  28th  St.,  to  1st  ave., 
to  E.  34tn  St.  to  foot  E.  34th  St.  (Fern  to  Long  Island  City  and  Long  Island  R.  R. 
Depot);  returning  by  E.  34th  St.  to  1st  Ave.,  to  E  29th  St.,  to  2d  Ave.,  to  23d  St.,  to 
foot  W.  23d  St. 

Forty -second  Street  and  Grand  Street  Line  (color  green)  :  Runs  from  foot  W.  42d  St., 
(r>rry  to  Weehawken.  N.  J  ,  West  Shore  R  R.  depot),  to  10th  Ave.,  to  W.  34th  St..  to 
Broadway,  to  E  23d  St.,  to  4th  Ave  ,  to  E.  14th  St.,  to  Ave  A,  to  E.  Houston,  to  Can- 
on, to  Grand,  to  root  Grand  (terry  to  Grand  St.  and  Broadway,  Brooklyn),  returning 
through  Grand  St.  to  Goerck,  to  E.  Houston,  to  2d  St..  to  Ave.  A,  to  E.  14th  St..  to  4th 
Ave.,  to  E.  23d  bt.,  to  Broadway,  to  W.  34th  St.,  to  10th  Ave.,  to  foot  W.  42d  St. 

Forty-second  St.  and  Thirty -fourth  St.  Ferries  Line  (color,  white):  Runs  from  foot  E. 
34th  St  (ferry  to  Long  Island  City  and  Long  Island  R.  R.  depot)  to  1st  Ave.,  to  E.  4 id 
St  (to  Grand  Central  Depot)  to  foot  W.  42d  St.  (ferry  to  Weehawken,  West  Shore  R. 
R.  Depot) ;  returning  by  same  route. 

Forty -second  Street  and  Boulevard  Line  (color  green)  :  Runs  from  foot  E.  34th  St.  (ferry  to 
Long  Island  City  and  Long  Island  R.  R.  Depot)  to  1st  Ave.,  to  E.  42d  St.  (to  Grand 
Central  Depot),  to  W.  42d  St.,  to  ?th  Ave.,  to  Broadway,  to  W.  59th  St.,  to  the  Boule- 
vard, to  Manhattan  St.,  to  North  River,  (ferry  to  Fort  Lee);  returning  by  the  same 
route. 

Central  Park  or  59th  St.  Line  (color  yellow)  :  The  cars  of  the  Belt  Line  run  east  and  west 
on  this  street  from  North  to  East  River. 

St .  Nicholas  Ave  and  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street  (color  yellow)  :  Runs  from  cor.  E. 
110th  St.  and  1st  Ave.,through  E.  and  W.  110th  St.,  to  St.,  Nicholas  Ave.,  to  Manhattan 
St.,  to  North  River  (ferry  to  Fort  Lee);  returning  by  the  same  route. 

Harlem  and  Manhattanville  Cable  Line  (color  red):  Runs  from  foot  E.  125th  St..  through  E. 
and  W.  125th  St  to  foot  W.  130th  St  (ferry  to  Fort  Lee),  returning  by  same  route.  Pass- 
engers are  transferred  from  this  line  to  10th  Ave.  line  without  extra  charge. 

Central  Park  Stage  Line:  Runs  from  72d  St.,  cor.  5th  Ave.,  through  the  Park  to  W.  72d  St., 
to  the  Boulevard,  returning  by  same  route.    Fare,  10  cents. 

Ferries. 

To  Astoria,  L.  1.:    From  foot  E.  92d  St.,  East  River,  to  Astoria,  at  intervals  of  30  mln. 

from  5  to  7  A.  M.;  then  every  15  min.  to  7  P.  M.;  then  every  30  min.  to  12:15  A.  M. 

Fare,  3  cents. 
To  Bedloe's  Island  (New  York  Harbor):    From  Barge  Office  pier,  near  the  Battery,  hour- 
ly;  alternating  from  6:10  A.  M.  to  7:30  P.  M.    Fare,  round  trip,  25  cents. 
To  Blackwell's  Island,  East  River:    From  foot  E.  26th  St.  at  10:30  A  M.,  1:30  P.  M.,  and 

at  3:30  P.  M.  on  all  days  except  Saturday.    Fare,  20  cents  and  Pass. 
Also  from  toot  E.  52d  St.  every  hour  from  6  A.  M.  to  12   M.,  and  then  every  half- 

fcoar  to  7  P  M      Fare,  25  cents  and  Pass. 
Also  from  foot  East  76th  St.  at  6:30  and  7  A.  M.;  then  every  hour  until  10  P.  M., 

and  at  12  midnight.    By  pass  only,  obtained  at  the  office  of  the  Board   of  Charities 

and  Correction,  cor.  E.  llth  St,  and  3d  Ave. 


332  THE   SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

To  Brooklyn:    From  foot  Catharine  St.  to  Main  St.  every  10  min.  to  9  P.  M.;  then  every 
20  min.  to  11:30  P.  M.;  then  every  30  min.  to  5  A.  M.    Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  Fulton  St.  to  Fulton  St.  every  10  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.;  then 
every  5  min.  to  7  P.  M.;  then  every  12  min.  to  12  P.  M. ;  then  every  20  min.  to  5  A. 
M.    Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  Whitehall  St.  to  Atlantic  St.  every  12  min.  from  4  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M.;  then 
every  15  min.  to  10  P.  M.;  then  every  half -hour  to  4  A.  M.    Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  Whitehall  St.  to  Hamilton  Ave.  every  10  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  7:30  P.  M.; 
then  every  15  min.  to  10  P.  M. :  then  every  half -hour  to  5  A.  M.    Fare.  2  cents. 

From  Wall  St.  to  Montague  St.  every  10  min.  from  6  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M.;  then  every 
20  min.  to  9  P.  M.     Farp,  2  cents.    This  ferrv  does  not  run  on  Sundays. 

From  foot  Whitehall  St.  to  foot  39th  St.,  South  Brooklyn,  every  30  min.  from  6:30 
A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.    Fare,  5  cents. 

From  foot  Roosevelt  St.  to  Broadway  every  10  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  7  P.  M.:  then 
every  7  min.  to  8  P.  M.;  then  every  20  min.  to  12  P.  M. ;  then  every  30  min.  to  1  A. 
M.;  then  every  30  min.  to  1  A,  M.;  then  every  20  min.  to  5  A.  M.  Boats  every  20  min. 
on  Sunday.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  E.  Houston  to  Grand  St.  every  10  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M. ;  then  every 
12  min.  to  10  P.  M.  ;  then  every  20  min.  to  12  P.  M. ;  then  every  half  hour  to  5  A. 
M.    Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  E.  Grand  St.  to  Broadway  every  7  min.  from  6  A.  M.  to  11  A.  M.;  then 
every  10  min.  to  1:30  P.  M  ;  then  every  7  min.  to  7  P.  M.;  then  every  12  min.  to  12  P 
M. ;  then  every  half  hour  to  6  A.  M.     Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  E.  Grand  St.  to  Grand  St.  every  12  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.;  then 
every  24  min.  to  12  P.  M. ;  then  every  30  min.  to  5  A.  M.     Fare,  2  cents. 

From  foot  E.  23d  St.  to  Broadway  every  10  min.  from  6:15  A  M.  to  10  P.  M. ;  every 
30  min  to  1  A.  M. ;  then  every  40  min.  to  5:15  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  E.  23d  St.  to  Greenpoint  Ave  ,  Greenpoint,  every  12  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to 
9  P.  M. ;  then  20  min.  to  12  P.  M. ;  then  every  30  min.  to  5  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  E.  10th  St.  to  Greenpoint  Ave.,  Greenpoint,  every  15  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to 
6  A.  M. ;  then  every  12  min  to  10  A .  M. ;  then  every  15  min.  to  2  P.  M. ;  then  every  12 
min.  to  7  P.M.;  then  every  15  min  to  9  P.  M.;  then  every  30  min.  to  12  midnight. 
Fare,  3  cents. 
To  Fort  Lee:  From  foot  W.  130th  St.  every  30  min.  from  6:30  A.  M.  to  6:30  P.  M.;  then  at 
9:30  P.M.    Fare,  10  cents. 

From  foot  Canal  St.,  North  River,  and  touching  at  W.  22d  St.,  week  days,  10  A.  M., 
2  and  3:15  P.  M.;  Sundays  10  A.  M.,  2  and  6  P.  M.;  returning,  week  days,  7:30   and 
11:30  A.  M.,  and  3:30  P.  M.;  Sundays,  8  A.  M.,  12  noon  and  5  P.  M.    Fare,  15  cents. 
To  Ellis  Island  from  the  Barge  Office  Pier  every  50  min.    Passes  are  granted  by  the  officials 

of  the  Barge  Office,  and  also  by  the  agents  of  the  various  Transatlantic  S.  S.  Lines. 
To  Governor's  Island  from  foot  Whitehall  St.    Every  hour.    By  pass  only. 
To  Hart's  Island  from  foot  E.  26th  St.  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  11  A.M.    Passage  by  permit 

from  Bureau  of  Charities  and  Correction,  3rd  Ave.,  cor.  E.  11th  St.    Fare,  40  cents. 
To  Hoboken  from  foot  Barclay  St.  to  Newark  St.  (Delaware  &  Lackawanna  R  R.  Depot): 
Every  10  min.  from  6.30  A.  M.  to  7.40  P.  M.;  then  every  15  min   to  11.30  P   M.    Every 
30  min   to  4  A.  M.;  then  every  15  min.  to  6.30  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  Christopher  St.  to  Newark  St.  (D.,  L.  &.  W.  R.  R.  Depot):  Every  15 rain, 
from  3.45  A.  M  to  5  A.  M. ;  then  every  10  min.  to  11:30  P.  M. ;  every  half  hour  to  4  A. 
M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  W.  14th  St.  to  14th  St.  and  Bay  St.  every  fifteen  min.  from  6  A.  M.  to  8 
P.  M. ;  then  every  30  min.  to  12  noon;  then  hourly  to  4  A.  M. ;  then  every  30  min.  to  6 
A.  M.  Fare,  3  cents. 
To  Hunter's  Point  and  Long  Island  City,  Hudson  Ave.(Long  Island  R.R.  Depot)  from  foot  E. 
34th  St.  about  every  20  min.  from  5  A.  M.  to  6  A.  M. ;  then  every  10  min.  or  15  min.  to 
12    midnight:  then  every  half-hour  until  5  A.  M.     Fare,  3  cents. 

From  James  Slip  daily,  except  Sunday,  every  30  min.  from  7  A.  M.  to  6:30  P.  M. 
Fare,  6  cents. 
To  Jersey  City,  from  foot  Desbrosses  St.,  Exchange  PI.  (Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Depot)  every 
15  min.  from  4  A.  M.  to  6  A.  M. ;  then  every  ten  min.  to  8  P.  M. ;  then  every  15  min.  to 
12  P.  M.;  then  every  30  min.  to  4  A.  M.;  Sundays,  about  every  fifteen  min.  Fare  3 
cents. 

From  foot  Cortlandt  street  to  Exchange  PI.  (Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Depot)  every  15 
min.  from  4  to  6  A.  M. :  then  every  10  min.  to  8  P.  M. ;  then  every  15  min.  to  12  P.  M. ; 
then  every  30  min.  to  4  A.  M.;  Sundays,  every  15  min.  to  midnight  and  then  every 
half-hour  to  6  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  Liberty  St.  toCommunipaw,  Jersey  City,  (Central  R.  R.  of  N.    J  Depot) 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  .333 

every  15  min.  from  5.30  to  9  P.  M  ;  then  10.15,  10.35;  then  every  15  min.   to  12   P.  M.; 
then  about  every  half  hour  to  4.30  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  Chambers  street  to  Pavonia  Ave.  (Erie  R.  R.  Depot)  every  15  min.  from 
3.80  to  7  A.  M. ;  then  at  intervals  of  10  or  15  min.  to  1  A.  M. ;  then  every  half  hour  to 
3.  30  A.  M.    Fare,  3  cents. 

From  foot  W.  23d  St.  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  (Erie  R.  R.  Depot)  every  15  min.  from  5:55 
A  M.  to  6;55  P.  M. ;  then  every  half -hour  to  11:25  P.  M  ;  then  hourly  to  5:55  A.  M. ; 
Sunday,  every  half  hour  from  7  A.  M.  to  11:55  P.  M. ;  then  hourly  to  5:55  A  M.  Fare, 
3  cents. 
To  Randall's  Island:  From  foot  E.  26th  St.  (freight  boat  only)  daily  except  Sunday,  7 
A.  M.  and  10:30  A.  M.    Fare.  25  cents. 

From  foot  E.  122d  St.  (by  rowboats  for  passengers)  daily  at  all]hours.  Fare,  25 
cents. 

From  foot  E.  120th  St. :  Several  times  daily  from  8  A.  M.  to  9  P,  M.  Fare,  25 
cents. 
To  Staten  Island:  From  foot  Whitehall  Street  to  St.  George  (Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit 
Depot)  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  5:30  A.  M.;  then  at  intervals  of  20  or  40  m:n.  to  12:05 
A.  M. ;  Sundays,  from  7  A.  M.  to  11  P.  M.  Fare,  including  railway,  10  cents. 
To  Ward's  Island:  From  foot  K.  26th  St.  10:30  A.  M.,  by  pass  from  Bureau  of  Charities 
and  Correction,  3d  Ave.,  cor  E.  11th  St.    Fa  re,  20  cents. 

From  foot  E.  110th  St.  every  20  min.  from  8  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.    Fare,  20  cents. 
To  Weehawken:    From  foot  W.  42d  St.  to  West  Shore  R.  R.  Depot,  daily  at  intervals  vary- 
ing from  15  min.  to  an  hour  and  a  quarter  from  6  A.  M.  to  8:35  P.  M.    Fare,  5  cents. 

From  foot  Jay  St.  to  West  Shore  R .  R.  Depot  at  intervals  varying  from  3  0  to  40 
min.  to  12  P.  M.    Fare,  5  cents. 

Steamships  and  Steamboats. 

The  vast  international  and  domestic  commercial  and  passenger  traffic 
by  water  routes  from  New  York  necessitates  the  constant  employment  of  a 
fleet  of  ocean  and  coastwise  steamships,  steamboats  and  other  craft  greater 
in  its  aggregate  tonnage  than  the  total  floating  equipment  of  the  entire 
world  a  few  decades  ago.  In  and  out  of  New  York  harbor,  in  a  constant 
procession,  pass  those  great  marine  palaces  whose  names  and  fame  have 
long  since  become  household  words  and  stories.  There  are  upwards  of  a 
dozen  transatlantic  lines  that  vie  with  each  other  in  the  superb  quality  of 
the  appointment  of  their  steamers.  So  great  has  been  the  advancement  in 
the  application  and  economy  of  steam  power  in  navigation  within  the  last 
two  or  three  years  that  it  is  now  possible  to  make  the  passage  from  New 
York  to  England  on  any  one  of  at  least  half  a  dozen  of  the  "  flyers"  in  less 
than  six  days,  and  sanguine  travellers  look  forward  to  the  time  when  the 
trip  can  be  made  in  a  yet  shorter  period.  Lines  of  steamships  run  from  New 
York  to  almost  all  the  ports  of  Europe,  South  and  Central  America.  Besides 
these  there  are  lines  running  to  Australia,  China,  Japan  and  various  other 
places  in  the  far  East.  The  favorite  days  for  departure  of  European  lines 
are  Wednesday  and  Saturday.  The  hours  of  sailing  depend  largely  upon 
the  state  of  the  tides.  The  mails  are  carried  by  the  swiftest  steamers,  and 
are  landed  usually  at  the  first  European  touching  points.  The  docks  of  the 
ocean  liners  are  along  the  Hudson  (North)  River  front  on  the  New  York 
and  Jersey  shores,  and  in  South  Brooklyn.  If  in  Brooklyn  or  on  the  Jersey 
shore  (Jersey  City  or  Hoboken),  they  must  be  reached  by  ferries  from  New 


334 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 


York.  As  the  distance  from  the  chief  hotels  to  the  steamship  docks  is  sev- 
eral miles,  intending  passengers  should  allow  themselves  ample  time,  to 
have  sufficient  leisure  to  attend  to  the  many  final  arrangements  that  always 
precede  the  drawing  in  of  the  gangway.  One  of  the  busiest  and  noisiest 
scenes  in  metropolitan  life  is  that  at  the  departure  or  arrival  of  one  of  the 
great  Atlantic  liners. 

The  rate  of  passage  on  all  the  lines  varies  with  the  location  of  the  state 
room,  speed  of  the  steamer,  and  the  quality  of  its  accommodations.  The 
cost  of  transatlantic  travel  has  been  so  reduced  through  keen  competition 
and  the  shortening  of  the  time  of  transit  that  the  trip  can  be  made  comfort- 
ably on  a  slow  steamship  for  $35  (excursion  $60),  while  the  choicest  accom- 
modations of  the  finest  ships  would  cost  many  times  this  sum. 

The  steamboats  plying  between  New  York  and  points  on  the  Hudson 
River  and  Long  Island  Sound  are,  in  many  instances,  unrivalled  for 
elegance,  comfort  of  their  equipment,  as  well  as  for  speed  and  size.  They 
are,  in  short,  nothing  more  nor  less  than  floating  hotels.  The  notable  ex- 
amples are  the  steamers  of  the  Albany  Day  Line  of  the  Hudson  River  ser- 
vice, and  that  of  the  Fall  River  Line  to  Newport,  Boston,  &c. 

Old  Colony  Steamboat  Co.,  Fall  River  Line. 


Among  the  grand  enterprises  of  this  city  that 
include  the  transportation  of  passengers  and 
freight  by  water  in  their  plan,  the  Fall  River 
Line  takes  first  place.  The  passenger  steam- 
boats of  this  line,  the  Puritan,  Pilgrim,  Ply- 
mouth, and  Providence,  are  the  finest  of  their 
class  in  the  world;  proportions,  carrying  capac- 
ity, elegance  of  design  and  finish,  and  superb 
quality  of  appointments  considered.  The  head- 
quarters of.  this  line  in  New  York  are  at  Pier 
28,  North  River,  or  at  the  foot  of  Murra}^  Street. 
Their  boats  run  from  New  York  to  Newport,  R. 
I.,  and  to  Fall  River,  Mass.,  and  from  the  last 
named  point  Pullman  express  trains  equal  in 
quality  and  corresponding  in  equipment  and 
furnishings  to  the  steamboats  complete  the  line 
as  a  transportation  agency  between  New  York 
and  Boston. 
The  route  of  these  boats  is  through  the  most  interesting  and  picturesque 

sections  of  New  York,   Rhode    Island   and    southwestern  Massachusetts 

waters. 


INTERIOR  VIEW  ON  A 
PALL  RIVER  LINE  STEAMER 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE. 


335 


Leaving  the  pier  at  New  York,  their  course  is  around  the  Battery ;  on- 
ward through  the  busy  scenes  of  the  lower  North  River,  and  East  River  for 
its  entire  length;  under  the  Brooklyn  Bridge,  and  from  thence  between 
shores  bristling  with  piers  and  presenting  great  blocks  of  warehouses 
and  business  establish- 
ments such  as  no  other  city 
offers  to  view;  past  the 
Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  and 
along  the  shores  of  Black- 
well's  Island  from  end  to 
end;  through  Hell  Gate 
and  out  into  Long  Island 
Sound,  threading  among 
islands  and  along  beautiful 
shores,  and  passing  points  I 
and  headlands  and  inlets  I 
innumerable.  In  the  night 
the  whole  length  of  Long 
Island  Sound  is  traversed 
and  in  the  morning  hours 
Narragansett  and  Mt.  Hope 
Bays.  A  visit  to  these  boats 
lying  at  their  pier,  or  a  trip 
by  this  line  between  New 
York  and  Boston,  will  prove 
a  perfect  revelation  of  de- 
lightful and  satisfactory 
experiences. 

In  addition  to  the  lists  here  given,  a  large  number  of  small  steamers, 
principally  Norwegian,  are  constantly  employed  in  the  West  Indian  fruit 
trade. 

A  large  and  constantly  increasing  fleet  of  tank  steamers  for  carrying 
petroleum  to  foreign  ports,  as  well  as  some  for  transporting  the  oil  to 
American  ports  not  covered  by  the  pipe  lines,  is  also  a  feature  of  the 
steamship  trade  from  New  York. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  lines  from  New  York,  there  are 
always  a  large  number  of  transient  steamers,  generally  referred  to  as 
"  tramps, "  that  contribute  largely  to  increasing  the  tonnage  from  New 
York. 

The  following  tables  give  the  destinations,  names  of  lines,  location  of 
offices  and  piers  of  the  passenger  steamship  and  steamboat  lines  sailing 
from  New  York: 


STEAMER  PURITAN  OF  THE  FALL  RIVER  LINE. 


336  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

Ocean  Steamship  Lines* 

TO  BRITISH  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

Avonmouth Barber  &  Co 33  Broadway Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Avonmouth Manhanset 19  Whitehall Columbia  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Bristol Bristol  City  19  Whitehall Ft  W  26th  st. 

Glasgow Allan-State 53  Broadway Columbia  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Glasgow Anchor 7  Bowling  Green  —  Ft  Leroy  st,  N  R 

Hull Wilson 22  State  st Wilson  Pier,  Bklyn. 

Leith Arrow 29  Broadway FtW  24th  st. 

Leith . Barber  &  Co 33  Broadway Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Liverpool   Beaver 19  Whitehall No  regular  pier. 

Liverpool Cunard 4  Bowling  Green       Ft  Clarkson  st,  N  R. 

Liverpool Guion 35  Broadway FtKingst,NR. 

Liverpool Inman 6  Bowling  Green ...  Ft  Christopher  st,  N  R. 

Liverpool National 27  State  st  Ft  W  Houston  st. 

Liverpool White  Star  Line  29  Broadway Ft  W  10th  st. 

Liverpool -j  ^Ri^r  Piate™?!!. .  *  •  Pl'oduce  Exchange .  .Martin's,  Bklyn. 

Liverpool Sumner  Line 18  Broadway No  regular  pier. 

London Atlantic  Transport  —  4  Broadway Ft  W  27th  st. 

London National 27  State  st FtW  Houston. 

London Wilson 22  State  st Wilson  Pier,  Brklyn.  and 

ft2dst,  Hoboken. 

London Union 140  Pearl  st Ft  Jefferson,  E  R. 

London Carter  Hawley    54  Wall  st Ft  Market  st,  E  R. 

Newcastle  Wilson 22  State  st  ....      ..  Wilson  Pier,   Bklyn,   and 

ft  2d  st.  Hoboken, 

Southampton North  German  Lloyd. .  2  Bowling  Green       Ft  2d  st,  Hoboken. 

Swansea Bristol  City 19  Whitehall Ft  W  26th  st. 

TO  NORTH  EUROPEAN  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

Amsterdam -j  R^ricInherlandS: } 27  S  WiUiam  st Ft  5th  st'  Hoboken. 

Amsterdam Barber  Sz  Co... 33  Broadway Atlantic  Docks.  Bklyn. 

Antwerp Red  Star 6  Bowling  Green..  .  Ft  Sussex  st,  Jersey  City. 

Antwerp         Sumner    18  Broadway No  regular  pier. 

Antwerp White  Cross 27  S  William  st Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Antwerp    Wilson         22  State  st Wilson  Pier.  Bklyn. 

Baltic  Ports Hamburg  Am.  Packet.  .37  Broadway Ft  1st  st,  Hoboken . 

Bordeaux Bordeaux 27  S  William  st    ...  Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Bremen North  German  Lloyd..  2  Bowling  Green .. .  Ft  2nd  st,  Hoboken. 

Copenhagen Barber  &  Co 33  Broadway Atlantic  Docls,  Bklyn. 

Denmark    Thingvalla 27  S  William  st  . .   .  Ft  W  4  th  st,  Hoboken. 

Hamburg Union  Line 27  S  William  st Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Hamburg  Hamburg  Am.  Packet..^  Broadway Ft  1st  st,  Hoboken. 

Havre |C0TZSauGtrqnueflef    *>  Bowlin*  Green       Ft  Morton.  N  E. 

Norway Thingvalla  ...  .     27  S  WiUiam  st Ft  4th  st,  Hoboken. 

Rotterdam Rotterdam  Line 29  Broadway  . .    .      Ft  5th  st.  Hoboken. 

Rotterdam Barber  &  Co 33  Broads  ay Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Rotterdam |  ^mericln^1^"  [ 2?  S  William  st Ft  5th  st.  Hoboken. 

Stettin Thingvalla 27  S  William  st Ft  4th  st,  Hoboken. 

SOUTH  EUROPEAN  AND  MEDITERRANEAN  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

Azores |  ^vaglcao^  ^  1 150  Pearl  st Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Barcelona    Fabre    33  Broadway Woodruff  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Lisbon |ENavagac^oUlan^de[150Pea^lft Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Marseilles    Fabre .  .  33  Broadway Woodruff  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Marseilles -j  °SPd|f  NSyfeSkS!:  [ 27  S  William  st AtlaDtic  Docks'  Bklyn' 

Mediterranean  Ports  Flono  Rubitino 29  Broadway Mediterranean  Piers,  Bkn. 


TRAVELLERS'  GUIDE.  337 

SOUTH  EUROPEAN  AND  MEDITERRANEAN  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

Mediterranean  Pts-j  My  ^^q®8,11  &  K  j- 29  Broadway Mediterranean  Piers,  Bkn. 


Mediterranean  Pts  -j  ^I^deSiana^."  f  29  Broadway  Mediterranean  Piers,  Bkn. 

Mediterranean  Ports  North  German  Lloyd..  2  Bowling  Green Ft  2nd  st,  Hoboken. 

Mediterranean  Ports. Anchor 7  Bo  .v  ling  Green Union  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Portugal |  ^Portug^ezS^f68.'  \  m  Broad  st Atlantic  Docks,  Bklyn. 

Spain Puig  &  Emerson 4  Stone  st No  regular  pier. 

TO  SOUTH  AND  CENTRAL  AMERICAN  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

ArgentineRepublic..NY.&  River  Plate     .113  Wall  st Ft  Pine  st,  E  R. 

Belize |Gdura?ala   &.  H°n."  f  42  Exchange  pi Pinto  Fiers,  Bklyn. 

Bermuda Quebec  S.  S.  Co  "      '.  .39  Broadway Ft  W  10th  st. 

Brazil -|  ^fve?  Plate  raZil  &  [  ~?rodnce  Exchange . .  Martins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Brazil U.  S.  &  Brazil  Mail  . .  19  Whitehall  st Roberts  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Brazil Sloman      27  S  William  st .        . .  Roberts  Piers,  Bklyn 

Brazil    Red  Cross 112  Pearl  st Martins  Piers.  Bklyn. 

Brazil    Booth  S.  S  88  Gould  st Martins  Piers.  Bklyn. 

Buenos  Ayres River  Plate 113  Wall  st Empire  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Colon C.  T.  Espanola    80  Wall  st Ft  Leroy  st,  N  R. 

Colon Pacific  Mail  ...  .At  pier Ft  Canal  st. 

Cuba  (Havana)  . . .  -j  N-SYCJ  °.Uba.Mail  S'  \  U3  Wall  st Ft  Pine  st,  E  R. 

Cuba U.  S.  &  West  India       135  Pearl  st Ft  Washington  st,  Bklyn. 

Cuba Waydell 21  Old  Slip No  regular  Pier. 

Cuba  (Santiago)   ....Ward 113  Wall  st Ft  Pine  st,  E  R. 

Cuba   Munson  80  Wall  st Ft  Wall  st.  E  R. 

Curacoa Red  D  71  Wall  st Roberts  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Darien S.  Brooklyn  Saw  Mill . .  16  Beaver  st Ft  Prospect  av,  Bklyn. 

Demarara Trinidad 45  Exchange  Place    Ft  Wall  st.  E  R. 

Dominica  Quebec  S.  S  Co    39  Broadway Ft  W  10th  st. 

Hayti  (North)  ..         Atlas     24  State  st FtW25thst. 

Hayti Clyde  S.  S.  Co 5  Bowling  Green      .  Ft  Roosevelt  st,  E  R. 

Jamaica  (Kingston). Atlas 24  State  st Ft  W  25th  st. 

Jamaica     Kerr    41  Beaver  st Ft  Morris  st,  N  R. 

Mexico Munson    80  Wall  st Ft  Wall  st,  E  R. 

Mexico N.  Y.  &  Cuba  Mail ...  113  Wall  st Ft  Wall  st.  E  R. 

Montevideo .  ■  .Norton  Line 90  Wall  st Empire  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Nassau N.  Y.  &  Cuba  Mail    ...113Wallst Ft  Wall  st,  E  R. 

Nassau  Bahamas  S.  S.  Co .   . .  63  Pine  st  Ft  Pine  st,  E  R. 

Porto  Rico N  Y.  &  Porto  Rico  . .  76  Beaver  st Atlantic  Docks,  Bklj  n. 

River  Plate -j  ^vot  Plate™2*1   &  [  Produce  Exchange . .  Martins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Redondo      Atlantic  &  Pacific.  ...  33  Broadway Atlantic  Docks.  Bklyn, 

St.  Thomas U.  S.  &  Brazil 19  Whitehall  st Roberts  Piers.  Bklyn. 

San  Domingo Clyde 5  Bowling  Green ...  Ft  Wall  st,  E  R. 

Venezuela Red  D  135  Front  st Ft  Jefferson  st.  E  R. 

Venezuela Thebaud 87  Broad  st Empire  Stores,  Bklyn. 

Valparaiso Merchants Hanover  Sq Coenties  Slip. 

West  Indies  Quebec  S.  S.  Co 39  Broadway Ft  W  10th  st. 

West  Indies  j  RMan.  ^^  '*'.  ^  \  M  Beaver  st    Pierrepont  Piers,  Bklyn. 

West  Indies Trinidad  29  Broadway Union  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Westlndies Atlas 24  State  st Ft  W  25th  st. 

West  Indies ]  ^fcT.    T^!f*.'  \ At  Pier Coenties  Slip. 

West  Indies  Anchor 7  Bowling  Green Union  Stores,  Bklyn. 

OTHER  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

China Union    140  Pearl  st  Ft  Jefferson  st,  E  R. 

China Glen 4  Broadway Ft  W  27th  st. 


338  THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO  NEW  YORK. 

OTHER  PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

China Perry 69  Wall  st Martins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

India Perry 69  Wall  st     Martins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Jeddah,  etc Bacon 23  Cotton  Exchange  No  regular  pier. 

Jed  dan,  etc Loesser 23  Beaver  st Mai  tins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Japan Union 140  Pearl  st  Ft  Clinton  st.  E  R. 

Japan Perry 69  Wall  st Martins  Piers,  Bklyn. 

Japan Glen    —  4  Broadway No  regular  pier. 

St.  John's,  N.  F.. . . . . Red  Cross 18  Broadway   Ft  Warren  st,  Bklyn. 

TO    DOMESTIC    AND    CANADIAN    PORTS. 

TO  LINE.  OFFICE.  PIER. 

Alexandria,  Va Old  Dominion  S.  S.  Co.235  West  st . .  .Ft  Beach. 

Baltimore,  Md Baltimore  Line Ft  Rector Ft  Rector. 

Bangor  &  Belfast,  j  N.^  Me.  &  N.  B.  S.  J 19  g  wmiam  ^ Ft  ^^ 

Brunswick.  Ga .  Mallory ...    362  Broadway Ft  Burling  si. 

Bucksport.   Me    . .  \  ^gffl^8,  &  K  B'  S'  [  19  S  William  st Ft  Clinton, 

City  Point,  Va Old  Dominion ^35  West  st  Ft  Bea-m 

Charleston,  S.  C.     . .  Clyde  S.  S.  Co  ....  5  Bowling  Green ...  .Ft  Market. 

Eastport.  Me  Mallory  36*  Broadway Ft  Hurl  in?  si. 

Fernandino,  Fla. ..   .Mallory 36*  Broadway..  .   .    Ft  Burling  si. 

Galveston,  Tex  ..   .Morgan 343  Broadway Ft  Spring. 

Galveston,  Tex  Mallory 36^  Broadway Ft  Burling  si, 

Georgetown,  S  C.  . .  Clyde  S.  S.  Co 5  Bowling  Green    .  Ft  Market. 

Halifax,  N.  S  Red  Cross      18  Broadway Ft  Warren  st. 

Jacksonville,  Fla  . . .  Clyde  S.  S.  Co 5  Bowling  Green ...  Ft  \1  arket. 

Jacksonville.  Fla Merchants 154  Maiden  Lane    .    Coenties  si. 

Key  West,  Fla  ....  Mallory 36;  Broadway Ft  Burling  si. 

New  Orleans Cromwell      At  pier         Ft  Rector. 

New  Orleans Morgan    343  Broadway Ft  Spring. 

Newport  News  —  Old  Dominion    At  pier Ft  Barclay. 

Norfolk,  Va      Old  Dominion 235  West  st Ft  Barclay. 

Philadelphia Clyde  S.  S.  Co Atpier ,Ft  Oliver. 

Philadelphia .Henderson  &  Co 27  South  st Old  Slip. 

Portland,  Me        ...  .Maine  S.  S.  Co Atpier ..Ft  Market. 

Port  Royal,  S.  C Mallory  362  Broadway    Ft  Burling  si. 

Portsmouth,  Va..   ..  Old  Dominion 235  West  st    FtBeach. 

Richmond,  Va Old  Dominion    235  West  st Ft  Beach. 

St.  John,  N.  B Mallory   362  Broadway Ft  Burling  si. 

Savannah Ocean  S  S.  Co Ft  Spring  st      Ft  Spring. 

Washington.  D.  C .  . .  Old  Dominion    235  West  st Ft  B^ach. 

West  Point,  Va    ...  Old  Dominion 235  West  st Ft  Beach . 

Wilmington,  N.  C  ...  Clyde  S.  S  Co 5  Bowling  Green    . .  Ft  Market. 

HUDSON  RIVER  STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

RATES. 
LANDINGS.  LINES  AND  BOATS.  PlERS.  SINGLE.      EXCURSION 

Albany   Albany  Day       Ft  Vestry  st $2  00  $2  50 

Albany   Peoples  (night) Ft  Canal  st 150  250 

Albany   Citizens  might) Ft  W  10th  st 150  2  50 

Athens    Katskill      Ft  W  11th  st    100  170 

Barrytown Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  B.  Co. Ft  W  llth  st 1  00  1  50 

Catskill  Alban  ?  Day Ft  Vestry  st     1  50  2  ?5 

Catskill  Katskill    FtWllthst 100  170 

Cold  Spring    Homer  Ramsdell  Ft  Franklin  st  50 

Cold  Spring Katskill    FtWllthst     50 

Cornwall    Homer  Ramsdell Ft  Franklin  st 50                  

Cornwall Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st     75  100 

Cornwall Kingston Ft  W  10th  st 50 

CoxsacMe     Katskill    FtWllthst  100  170 

Cranstons    Str.  Mary  Powell tt  Vestry  st   100                  

Edgewater Fort  Lee  S.  B.  Co  FtWlSthst  50 

Esopus Kingston FtWiOthst  15  25 

Fishkill Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st   100 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE.  339 

HUDSON  RIVER  STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

RATES 
LANDINGS.  LINES  OR   BOATS.  PIERS.  SINGLE.     EXCURSION. 

Fishkill Brundage  &  Places Ft  Franklin  st 

Fort  Lee      Fort  Lee  S.  B.  Co     FtW13thst  15  25 

Garrisons Albany  Day Ft  Vestry  st  

Garrisons Str.  Mary  Powell Ft.  Vestry  st 

Germantown Katskill    FtWilthst 100  170 

Grassy  Point Str.  Chrystenah    Ft  Spring  st   40  50 

Haverstraw    Str.  Chrystenah       Ft  Spring  st   35  50 

Highland  Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st   75 

Highland     Poughkeepsie    Ft  Franklin  st   75  125 

Hudson Albany  Day   Ft  Vestry  st   150  2  75 

Hudson     Katskill           FtWilthst  100  170 

Hyde  Park Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st   100 

Hyde  Park Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  B.  Co.. Ft  W  llth  st  100  150 

Linlithgo Katskill    FtWilthst  100  170 

Maiden        Katskill    FtWilthst 100  170 

Marlborough    Kingston Ft  W  10th  st 75 

Marlborough Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st   75  125 

Marl  borough  '. Poughkeepsie   Ft  Franklin  st   75 

Milton   Str.  Mary  PoweU Ft  Vestry  st   75  125 

Milton    ..   Kingston FtWlOthst 75                   

New  Baltimore Katskill      FtWilthst  100  170 

Newburgh Albany  Day   . . Ft  Vestry  st   . . . . 75  1  00 

Newburerh Homer  Ramsdell Ft  Franklin  st   50  .... 

Newburgh  Kingston FtWlOthst  50 

Newburgh     Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st  75  100 

New  Hamburg    Str.  Mary  Powell    Ft  Vestry  st  75  1  25 

tsew  Hamburg Kingston Ft  W  10th  st 75 

New  Hamburg  .. .       .  Poughkeepsie      Fc  Franklin  st     75  125 

Nyack     Str.  Chrystenah   FtSpringst    30  50 

OakHill   Katskill           FtWilthst  100  150 

Peekskill Str.  Chrystenah     Ft  Spring  st   40  50 

Pleasant  Valley    Fort  Lee  Park  &  S.  B.  Co.. .  .Ft  Canal  st 15  25 

Poughkeepsie      Str.  Mary  Powell Ft  Vestry  st  75  125 

Poughkeepsie     Poughkeepsie Ft  Franklin  st 75  1  25 

Poughkeepsie    Albany  Day   Ft  Vestry  st   1  00  1  50 

Poughkeepsie     Kingston FtWlOthst  75                  

Rbinebeck  Albany  Day     Ft  Vestry  st.  125  2  25 

Rhinebeck Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  Co  ...  .Ft  W  llth  st  100  150 

Rockland  Lake Str.  Chrystenah Ft  Spring  st   35  50 

Rondout     Albany  Day   Ft  Vestiy  st   2  50 

Rondout  Kingston         Ft  W  10th  st 1  00  1  50 

Rondout    Str.  Mary  PoweU Ft  Vestry  st   100  150 

Saugerties Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  B.  Co  Ft  W  llth  st  1(0  150 

Shady  Side Fort  Lee  &  S.  B.  Co    Ft  W  13th  st  15  25 

Sing  Sing Str.  S.  A.  Jenks Ft  Franklin  st   25 

Smith's  Landing Katskill    .FtWilthst  100  170 

Stockport Katskill    FtWilthst 100  170 

Stuvvesant    Katskill    FtWilthst 100  170 

Tarry  town Str.  Chrystenah   . .  Ft  Spring  st 25  40 

Troli  Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  B  Co. .Ft  W  llth  st 1  00  1  50 

Troy     Citizens    FtWlOthst 1  5u  2  50 

Troy  Albany  Day   Ft  Vestry  st   2  15 

Ulster  Landing  Saugerties  &  N.  Y.  S.  B.  Co.. Ft  W  llth  st   1  00  1  50 

Verplanck          Str.  Chrystenah   Ft  Spriug  st    40  50 

West  Park    Kingston Ft  W  10th  st     1  00                  

West  Point Str.  Mary  Powell Ft -Vestry  st  75 

West  Point  Albany  Day     Ft  Vestry  st  75  100 

West  Point Homer  Ramsdell Ft  Franklin  st  50 

honkers   Albany  Day          Ft  Vestry  st   25  40 

Tonkers  Str.  Chrystenah    FtSpringst 15  25 

Yonkers     Str.  C.  A.  Peene   Ft  Franklin  st   15                  

LONG  ISLAND  SOUND  AND  OTHER  LOCAL  COASTWISE  STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

RATES. 
LANDINGS.  LINES  OR  BOATS.  PIERS.  SINi.LE.      EXCURSION. 

Astoria Morrisania Ft  Fulton  st   $0  10                  


340 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 


LONG  ISLAND  SOUND  AND  OTHER  LOCAL  COASTWISE  STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

RATES 
LINES   OR  BOATS.  PIERS.  SINGLE.     EXCURSION 

60 


LANDINGS, 

Atlantic  Highlands     .  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Strs  ..   ...  Ft  Rector  st   

Bay  Ridge     Baj  Ridge  Fe.ry Ft  Mitchell  st 

Bayville,  L.  I Str.  Northport  Pecksl 

Bedloe's  Island Bay  Ridge  Ferry Barge  Office  Dock 

Belden  Point Iron  S.  B.  Co Battery  pi  N.  R    .. 

Bergen  Point  McMaster    Ft  Maiden  la,  E.  R 

Boston.   Fall  River   Ft  Murray  st 

Boston Norwich     Ft  Watts  st 

Boston Providence  ...   Ft  Watts  st 

Boston Stonington Ft  Spring  st   

Branchpoint Elberon,  Pleasure  Bay Ft  Jane  st  .  „ 

Bridgeport,  Ct Bridgeport  S.  B.  Co b t  Catharine  st. . . 

Bridgeport Str.  Rosedale  Ft  Catharine  st. . . 

Brookways Hartford 

Centre  Is.,  L.  I 
Cartaret,  N.  J.  ... 

Chelsea,  N.  J 

Cold  Spring.  L.  I.. 
College  Point 
Coney  Island 


10 

3  00 

3  00 

3  00 

3  00 

35 

50 

50 


.Pecks! 1  50 


Str.  Portchester Ft  Pike  st    40 

.  Str.  Meta BtMorris  &  Rector  sts  25 

Str.  New  Brunswick  . .   ....  .Ft  Rector  st   20 

Str.  Portchester    Ft Pikest  40 

N.  Y.  College  Point  Ferry.. . .  E.  99th 10 

IronS.  S.  Co Ft  W  23rd  &  Bat'y.  pi  35 

Cottage  City    Maine  S.  S.  Co FtMarketst 4  00 

Cottage  City Fall  River    Ft  Murray  st . .  4  00 

Cromwell,  Ct Hartford Pecksl 150 

Davis  Is      U.S.  Government  Boat Bt  Moore  &  Broad  sts 

Deep  River Hartford      Pecksl* 150 

East  Haddam        Hartford Peck  si 1  50 


Elizabethport,  N.  J McMaster Ft  Maiden  la,  ER  . .. 

Essex Hartford    Peck  si   

Fair  Haven,  N.  J Strs.  Albertina  &  Sea  Bird. .  Ft  Franklin  st  

Fall  River Fall  River   Ft  Murray  st 

Fishing  Banks Str.  Angler FtE.21stst 

Fishing  Banks Str.  Schuyler FtE.  23rd  st  

Fishing  Banks Str.  Al.  Foster FtW.  48th  st 

Fishingr  Banks Str.  Havana  Ft.  E.  31st  st    

Fort  Hamilton U.  S.  Government  Boat Bt  Moore  &  Broad  sts 

Fort  Hamilton Pleasure  Bay Ft  Jane  st  

Fort  Schuyler     U.  S.  Government  Boat BtMoore&  Broad  sts 

Fort  Wadsworth U.  S.  Government  Boat Bt  Moore  &  Broad  sts 

Gildersleeves.. .     Hartford -...Pecksl 

Glastonbury Hartford Pecksl 

Glen  Cove Str.  Idlewild  Peck  si  &  ft  E  31st  st 

Glen  Island  Starin     FtCortlandt    

Glen  Wood,  L.  I  Str.  Idlewild        Peck  si  &E  31st  st  .. 

Goodspeed,Ct    Hartford       Pecksl 

Governor's  Island.         Government  Boat    Bt  Moore  <£:  Broad  sts 

GreatNeck Str.  Idlewild  Peck  si  &  E  31st  st  . . 

Greenport Montauk  S.  B.  Co      Ft  Beekmanst 1  25 

Greenwich Str.  Maid  of  Kent Ft  Pikest 

Hadlyme Hartford Pecksl   

Harlem  (13Jth  st. )..     .  Str.  Morrisania Ft  Fulton  st  . 

Hartford  Hartford         Pecksl 

Highlands,  N.J Strs.  Albertina  &  Sea  Bird  . .  Ft  Franklin  st 

Huntington,  L.  I         ..Sir.   Huntington Pikest 

Keyport Str.  Minnie  Cornell Ft  Veseyst... 

Keyport Str.  Holmdel Ft  Vesey  st. . . 


10 
1  50 

50 
3  00 


16 


1  50 

1  50 

35 

"35 
1  50 


85 


1  50 
10 

1  50 
50 
50 


Liebig's  Dock,  N. 

Linoleumville 

Linoleumville 
Lloyd's  Dock,  L.  I. 
Locust  Point,  N.  J. 


Str.  Meta Ft  Rector  st   20 

Str.  Meta Ft  Rector  st   20 

Str.  New  Brunswick     Ft  Rector  st   20 

.  Str.  Porchester Ft  Pike  st     40 

.  Strs.  Albertina  &  Sea  Bird  . .  Ft  Franklin  st 50 

Long  Branch,  N.J Strs.  Elberon  &  Pleasure  Bay  Ft  Jane  st    35 

Long  Branch,  N, .  J    ...  By  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Str.  &  RailFt  Rector  st   1  00 

Lyme Hartford Pecksl 150 

Mamaroneck Str.  Mary  E.  Gordon Pike  st 25 

Middle  Haddam Hartford Peck  si 1  50 

Middletown Hartford Peck  si 1  50 


Pass 


$1  00 

25 

I  00 

25 

40 

600 


50 
75 
75 
2  25 
75 
40 
30 
75 

"50 
7  00 
7  00 
2  25 

2  25 
2  25 

2"  25 


Pass 


Pass 


2  25 

2  25 

50 

40 

50 

2  25 


50 
2  25 


2  25 


50 
50 
30 
30 
30 
75 
80 
50 

1  50 

2  25 

225 
2  25 


TRAVELLERS'   GUIDE. 


341 


LONG  ISLAND  SOUND  AND  OTHER  LOCAL  COASTWISE  STEAMBOAT  LINES 

RATES. 
LANDINGS.  LINES  OR  BOATS.  PIERS.  SINGLE.      EXCURSK 

Middletown    Stonington Ft  Spring  st 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J . .  Str.  New  Brunswick Ft  Rector  st   50 

New  Haven New  Haven Peck  si 75 

New  Haven    Starin    Ft  Cortlandt  st 

Ne  w  London Norwich      Ft  Watts  st 1  40 

Newport Fall  River   Ft  Murray  st    .....      3  00 

New  Rochelle Str.  Mary  E.  Gordon    Pike  si     "      25 

Norwalk Str.  Huntington      Pike  si  50 

NorthBeach N.  Y.  &  College  Point  Ferry  E  99th  st  10 

NorthPort Str.  Northport    .FtPeeksl       75 

Oceanic,  N.  J Strs.  Albertina  &  Sea  Bird  .  Ft  Franklin  st  50 


Ft  Beekman  st 1  25 

40 
25 
25 


Orient  Montauk  S.  B  Co 

Oyster  Bay Str.  Portchester      Ft  Pike  st    

Perth  Amboy Str.  New  Brunswick     Ft  Rector  st  . . 

Perth  Amboy        Str.  Meta    Ft  Rector  st  .. 

Pleasure  Bay,  N.  J . . .  Sts.  Elberon  &  Pleasure  Bay.Ft  Jane  st   35 

Portland,  Conn  .. .     .Hartford Peck  si 150 

Portchester        Portchester  Trans.  Co Pike  st 35 

Providence,  R.  I   Providence Ft  Warren  st 3  00 

Providence    Stonington      Ft  Spring  st     3  00 

Red  Bank,  N.  J Strs.  Albert  ina  &  Sea  Bird  . .  Ft  Franklin  st 50 

Rock  Landing,  Conn  ..  Hartford Peck  si ..  150 

Roslyn,  L.  I. Str.  Idlewild Peck  si    35 

Rossville,  N.  J Str.  New  Branswick     Ft  Rector  st   25 

Sag  Harbor Montauk  S.  B.  Co  Ft  Beekman  st 1  25 


Sands  Point Str.  Idlewild  Peck  si 

Sandy  Hook  U.  S.  Government  Boat  .  . .  Bt  Moore  &  Broad  sts 

Saybruok  Hartford  Line    Peck  si 

Sayreville,  N.  J Str  New  Brunswick Ft  Rector  st 

Seabright Strs.  Elberon  &  Pleasure  Bay  Ft  Jane  st 

Sea  Cliff,  L.  I Str.  Idlewild  Ft  Peck  and  E  31st  st 

Shelter  Island Montauk  S.  B  Co Ft  Beekman  st 1 

South  Amboy   Strs.  New  Brunswick  &  MetaFt  Rector  st  . . 

South  Norwalk Str.  City  of  Albany    Ft  Beekman  st 

Southold,  L.  I Montauk  S.  B.  Co Ft  Beekman  st 1 

Stamford,  Ct  ...Str.  Shady  Side    Ft  Pike  st    

Star  Landing,  N.  J  . .  Str.  New  Brunswick  Ft  Rector  st  

Staten  Island  Villages  I  Staten  Island  Ferry  &  S.  1 1  ™.  w^t^aii  ch- 

and  Towns f     Rapid  Transit    f  Ft  Whitehall  st 

Stonington Stonington      Ft  Spring  st       .... 

Tottenville Strs  New  Brunswick  &  MetaFt  Rector  st   

Willet's  Point Government  Launch Ft  Moore  &  Broad  sts 


35 


Pass 


80 
1  25 
1  25 


1  25 


75 
40 
40 
50 
2  25 


2  25 

50 
40 

'  50 


1  50 

2  25 

40 

60 

35 

50 

35 

50 

1  25 

30 

50 

40 

60 

1  25 

35 

• 

50 

25 

40 

10  and  upwards 

75 

25 

Pass 

40 

Piers. 


The  piers  of  New  York,  Jersey  City  and  Brooklyn  are  almost  without 
exception  constructed  of  wood,  and  are  noteworthy  only  for  their  number, 
size  and  the  vastness  of  the  business  transacted  on  and  about  them.  The 
piers  along  the  East  River  front  are  chiefly  used  by  great  international  and 
domestic  lines  of  freight  steamers  and  sailing  vessel  ,  while  those  on  the 
North  River  afford  docking  facilities  for  transatlantic  and  South  American 
passenger  steamships,  as  well  as  for  scores  of  coast  wise  lines,  and  river 
and  harbor  steamboats.  Many  of  the  ocean  steamships  have  their  docks 
in  Brooklyn  and  on  the  Jersey  side  of  the  Hudson  River,  in  Jersey  City  and 
Hoboken,  which  are  reached  from  New  York  by  ferry.  The  following  is  a 
list  of  the  piers  in  New  York  City,  with  the  names  of  the  streets  at  the  foot 
of  which  they  are  located: — 


342 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW   YORK. 


EAST  RIVER. 

8,  foot  Whitehall  St. 

"     Moore  st. 
bet.  Moore  and  Broad  Sts. 

k;  Broad  and  Coenties  Slip, 
(old)  6  (new)  7,  Coenties  Slip. 
10,  bet.  Coenties  and  Old  Slip. 
12,  Old  Slip. 

bet.  Old  SI.  and  Governeur  Lane, 
ft.  Jones  Lane. 
16,  ft.  Wall  St. 
ft.  Pine  St. 
"  Maiden  Lane. 
"  Fletcher  St. 
21,  ft.  Burling  Slip, 
ft.  Fulton  St. 
"  Beekman  St. 

(old)  bet.  Beekman  and  Peck  Slip. 
26,  ft.  Peck  Slip. 
"  Dover  St. 
bet.  Dover  and  Roosevelt  Sts. 
(new)  ft.  Roosevelt  St. 
bet.  Roosevelt  and  James  Slip. 
32,  (old)  ft.  James  Slip, 
ft.  Oliver  St. 
35  ft.  Catharine  Slip, 
(old)  bet.  Catharine  Slip  &  Market, 
(new)  38,  ft.  Market  St. 
Det.  Market  and  Pike  Sts. 
32  (new)  ft.  Pike  St. 
bet.  Rutgers  and  Pike  Sts. 
44,  ft   Rutgers  St. 
bet.  Rutgers  and  Jefferson  Sts. 
(new)  ft.  Jefferson  St. 
bet  Jefferson  and  Clinton  Sts. 
ft.  Clinton  St. 

bet.  Clinton  and  Montgomery  Sts. 
ft.  Montgomery  St. 
52,  ft.  Gouverneur  Slip, 
ft.  Jackson  St. 

ft,  Cherry  St. 

57,  ft.  Broome  St. 

59,  ft.  Delancy  St. 

ft.  Rivington  St. 

bet.  Rivington  and  Stanton  Sts. 

foot  Stanton  St. 

"    3d 

11    5th 

"    6th 

"    7th 

11    8th 

11    E.  9th     " 

11    E.  luth   " 

"    E.  11th    " 

"    E  12th    " 
bet.  E.  12th  &  E.  13th  Sts. 


NORTH  RIVER. 


No. 

A,  1,  (new)  and  1  (old),  ft.  Battery  Place. 
2,  3,  bet.  Battery  PL  and  Morris  St. 
2.  ft.  Morris  St. 


No 
5, 
8, 

4 

12, 

13, 
14, 
16, 
18, 
19, 
80, 
14, 
15, 
35, 
27, 
88. 
29, 
80. 
81, 


NORTH  RIVER. 

6,  7,  befc.  Morris  and  Rector  Sts. 
ft.  Rector  St. 

10,  bet.  Rector  and  Carlisle  St*. 
ft.  Carlisle  St. 
"  Albany  St. 

bet.  Albany  and  Cedar  Sts. 
(old)  ft.  Cedar  St. 
bet.  Liberty  and  Cortlandt  Sts. 
ft.  Cortlandt  St. 
bet.  Cortlandt  and  Dey  Sts. 
(old)  ft.  Dey  St. 
(new)  ft.  Fulton  St. 
ft.  Vesey  St. 
(old)  ft.  Barclay  St. 
(old)  "  Park  Place. 
"    "  Murray  St. 
"    "  Warren  St. 
(new)  ft .  Chambers  St. 
ft.  Duane  St. 
ft.  Jay  St. 

(new)  ft.  Franklin  St. 
"      "    N.  Moore  St. 
"      "    Beach  St. 
"      "    Hubert  St. 
"      "    LaightSt. 
"      "    Vestry  St. 
(old)    "    Watts  St. 
(old),  42  (old),  ft.  Canal  St. 
(new)  ft.  Canal  St. 
36,  bet.  Spring  and  Charlton  Sts. 
ft.  Charlton  St. 
(new)  ft.  King  St. 

"      "    W.  Houston  St. 
11      "    ClarksonSt. 
•*      "   Leroy  St. 
"      "    Morton  St. 
ft.  Barrow  St. 
"  Christopher  St. 
"  W.  10th  St. 
M  Charles  St. 

"  bet  Charles  and  Perry  Sts. 
(old)  ft.  Perry  St. 

(old)  bet.  Ganesvort  and  Bloomfleld  S 
bet.  Bloomfleld  and  Little  W.  12tb  St. 
(old)  ft.  Little  W.  12th  St. 

"      "  W.  13th  St. 
ft.  W.  19th  St. 
"   W.  21st  St. 
(new)  ft.  W.  24th  St. 
ft.  W  25th  St. 
ft.  W.  26th  St. 

(new)  bet.  W.  27th  &  W.  28th  St. 
"      bet.  W.  28th  &  W.  29th  St. 
44      ft.  W.  29th  St. 
"      ft.  W.  30th  " 
ft.  W.  31st  St. 
"  W.  32d    " 
11  W.  33d    " 
"  W.  34th  " 
"  W  35  th  H 
*•  W  35th  " 
"  W   37th  " 
>l  W.  38th  " 


STREET  DIRECTORY. 


When  New  York  was  first  settled  as  New  Amsterdam  the  general 
direction  of  the  streets  conformed  either  to  the  shore  line  or  the  irregular 
topography  of  the  southern  end  of  Manhattan  Island.  Several  country 
roads  leading  to  the  upper  end  of  the  island,  and  thence  northward  to  Al- 
bany and  eastward  to  Providence  and  Boston  were  laid  out  at  an  early  pe- 
riod, and  still  exist  as  Broadway,  Boston  Road,  etc.  The  irregularity  ob- 
servable in  the  arrangement  of  the  streets  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city  has 
been  obviated  in  the  plan  of  the  newer  part  lying  between  Washington 
Square  and  the  Harlem  River.  In  this  section  the  streets  are  mathemati- 
cally regular,  and  run  in  an  easterly  and  westerly  direction,  while  the  ave- 
nues which  intersect  them  at  right  angles  run  north  and  south,  parallel  to 
the  Hudson  and  terminating  at  the  Harlem  River.  In  the  section  of  the 
city  north  of  the  Harlem  River,  commonly  known  as  the  Annexed  District, 
from  its  recent  incorporation  with  the  city,  the  plan  of  the  streets  again  be- 
comes irregular,  owing  to  the  broken  character  of  the  land,  and  the  persist- 
ence of  the  old  highways,  as  well  as  to  the  fact  that  this  district  was  settled 
in  a  scattered  way  long  before  any  concerted  action  was  taken  in  survey- 
ing its  thoroughfares.  From  Houston  street  to  the  Harlem  River,  and  to 
some  extent  northward,  the  streets  are  designated  by  consecutive  numbers 
increasing  northward.  All  these  streets  are  divided  into  east  and  west 
branches  by  Fifth  avenue,  and  their  direction  is  indicated  by  the  words 
East  (E)  or  West  (W)  prefixed  to  the  number  or  name  of  the  street.  Al- 
most all  the  avenues  in  this  section  of  the  city  are  also  distinguished  by  the 
numbers  or  letters.  Avenue  D  is  the  most  easterly,  after  which  come  in 
order  Avenues  C,  B,  A,  First,  Second,  Third,  Lexington,  Fourth  (between 
59th  St.  and  97th  St.  called  Park),  Madison,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Eighth, 
Ninth,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth. 

Broadway,  which  crosses  Fourteenth  street  between  Fourth  and  Fifth 
avenues,  thence  runs  diagonally  northwestward  across  the  city  intersecting 
Fifth  avenue  at  Twenty-third  St. ,  Sixth  at  Thirty-third,  Seventh  avenue  at 
Forty-fourth,  Eighth  avenue  at  Fifty-ninth  street,  Columbus  (Ninth)  ave- 
nue at  Sixty-fifth  street,  Amsterdam  (Tenth)  avenue  at  Seventy-second 
street,  and  Eleventh  avenue  at  106th  street.  From  Fifty-ninth  street  to 
Spuyten  Duyvil  Broadway  is  known  as  the  Boulevard. 

A  Key  to  the  Numbering  on  the  Numbered  Cross  Streets. 

Fifth  avenue  is  taken  as  the  medial  line  and  all  the  streets  are  num- 


344  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW   YORK. 

bered,  from  one  upwards,  east  and  west  therefrom.  After  crossing  each 
numbered  avenue  a  new  hundred  is  begun,  so  that  the  location  of  any 
number  in  any  street  may  easily  be  determined  as  near  as  this  or  that 
avenue.  The  numbers  on  the  north  side  of  the  street  are  odd,  and  those 
on  the  south  side  are  even.  To  explain:  No.  i  West  (usually  abbreviated 
to  i  W.)  57th  street  is  the  house  on  the  N.  W.  corner  of  5th  avenue  and 
57th  street,  and  101  W.  57th  street,  201  W.  57th  St.,  301  W.  57th  St.,  401 
W.  57th  St.,  501  W.  57th  St.,  601  W.  57th  St.,  are  at  corresponding  posi- 
tions in  6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  10th  and  nth  avenues.  The  same  rule  applies 
to  the  numbered  streets  on  the  east  side  of  5th  avenue,  with  the  exception 
that  the  change  in  numbering  from  one  hundred  to  the  next  is  made  at  the 
N.  E.  corner  of  the  avenues  (including  Park  avenue)  designated  by  num- 
bers and  letters,  and  not  at  the  corners  of  those  known  by  a  special  name, 
such  as  Madison  and  Lexington,  at  the  N.  E.  corners  of  which  the 
numbers  are,  51  East  and  151  East  respectively.. 

Key  to  the  Numbering  of  the  Avenues. 

To  tell  the  cross  Street  near  any  given  number  in  the  avenues  cut  the 
last  figure  from  the  number  on  the  avenue,  divide  the  remainder  by  2;  add 
the  following  figures  and  it  will  give  the  cross  streets: 

Avenue  D Add  3. 

Avenue  C 3. 

Below  200 2. 

Avenue  B 3. 

Below  200. 2. 

Avenue  A .  4. 

Below  200  . . 3- 

First  Avenue. .  4. 

Below    200 2. 

Above  500 5. 

Second  Avenue 3. 

Below  200 2. 

Third  Avenue         .  9. 

Below  400 .  8. 

Above  800 10. 

Lexington  Avenue 21. 

Fourth  Avenue .    9. 

Below  200 6. 

Madison  Avenue. . .     ....         26. 

Fifth  Avenue 16. 

Below  200 13. 


STREET   DIRECTORY. 


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PUBLISHERS'   DEPARTMENT. 


OUR    OWN.' 


R.  S.  Luqueer  &  Co. 

Four  score  years  of  success  in  business  rarely  fall  to  the  lot  of  any 
business  house,  and  when  a  firm  can  point,  as  R.  S.  Luqueer  &  Co.  can, 
to  seventy-nine  years  of  prosperity,  it  indicates  not  only  the  persistence  of 
business  talent,  but  also  the  continuous  employment  of  honorable  methods. 

This  house  was  established  in  the  be- 
ginning of  1 8 14,  by  F.  T.  Luqueer,  whose 
four  grandsons,  Francis  T.  Luqueer,  Jr., 
Robert  S.  Luqueer,  John  J.  T.  Luqueer 
and  Louis  H.  Luqueer,  compose  the  pres- 
ent firm.  They  import,  manufacture  and 
deal  in  all  kinds  of  Harness,  Saddlery-hard- 
ware, and  every  article  needed  for  the  horse, 
stable  and  carriage.  No  horse  lover  who 
visits  New  York  should  return  without  seeing 
the  warehouse  of  this  firm  at  No.  67  Murray 
Street,  as  it  is  impossible  to  find  anywhere 
else  in  the  country  so  complete  an  assort- 
ment of  horse  and  stable  furniture.  Three 
immense  floors  are  filled  with  samples  for 
the  guidance  of  customers  in  ordering.  On 
one  floor  almost  every  article  shown  comes 
under  the  general  designation  of  Saddlery- 
hardware.  On  the  second  floor  samples  of  Harness  are  on  exhibition,  and 
on  a  third,  samples  of  Horse  Clothing. 

An  idea  of  the  immense  stock  carried  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact 
that  the  house  publishes  an  illustrated  catalogue  of  its  goods  which  has 
over  200  large  pages.  Its  index  enumerates  over  320  different  kinds  of  arti- 
cles, and  of  each  kind  there  are  as  a  general  thing  several  different  makes 
or  patterns.     The  catalogue  numbers  run  to  over  9,000. 

Every  variety  of  harness  for  every  possible  purpose  is  kept,  also  Ameri- 
can and  English  saddles,  saddle  housings  and  bridles,  spurs,  stirrups, 
stirrup  pads,  currycombs,  buckets,  tubs,  lanterns,  halters,  chains,  feed  bags, 
mangers,  hay  racks,  horse  muzzles,  carriage  nets,  harness  mountings  and 
ornaments,  clipping  shears,  harness  punches,  whips,  whip  sockets,  hunting 


TRADE    MARK. 

REGISTERED. 

R.  S.  L.  &  CO.  N.  Y„ 


858 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 


goods,  carriage  and  wagon  aprons,  wagon  cushions,  foot  warmers,  horse 
clipping  machines,  bits  for  riding,  driving,  racing,  or  drenching,  veterinary- 
supplies,  leggins,  boots,  tail  holders,  stable  forks,  oat  sieves,  stable  brooms, 
harness  soaps,  oils  and  dressings,  stop  watches,  condition  powders,  horse 
slings,  carriage  lamps,  bells  and  plumes,  punches,  toe  weights,  horse  covers 
and  aprons,  wagon  jacks,  bandages,  springs,  carriage  wax  candles,  stable 
blankets  and  suits,  lap  robes,  wagon  umbrellas,  harness  needles,  sun  bon- 


nets, measuring  standards,  rubber  horse  clothing,  pipe  clay,  patent  leather 
polish,  enamelled  cloths,  riding  saddle  girths,  riding  whips,  These  are  a 
few  only  of  the  articles  kept  in  stock. 

There  are  fashions  in  harness,  as  is  well  known,  and  at  this  store  the 
latest  can  always  be  had.  The  present  fad  is  to  use  white  canvas  collar 
fronts  with  white  silk  rosettes.  Another  current  fancy  calls  for  the  use  of 
cleverly  made  imitation  flowers,  violets  preferred,  in  place  of  rosettes.  All 
the  latest  novelties  in  these  lines  are  sent  to  R.   S.  Luqueer  &  Company, 


PUBLISHERS'  DEPARTMENT. 


359 


from  England  and  France,  as  fast  as  they  seem  to  gain  any  hold  and  always 
in  advance  of  the  home  demand. 

One  of  the  most  attractive  exhibits  in  the  store  is  of  English  riding 
goods,  saddles,  bridles,  bits,  crops,  etc.  Although  the  bulk  of  the  business 
of  the  house  consists  in  manufacturing  and  importing  for  the  trade,  a  big 
retail  business  is  also  done,  and  the  firm  will  take  orders  at  any  time  for 
harness  of  any  kind  to  be  specially  manufactured.  The  great  advantage  in 
buying  directly  is  that  the  purchaser  is  sure  of  the  excellence  and  trust- 
worthiness of  the  goods  bought.     However,  this  is  equally  true  of  all  goods 


bearing  the  trademark  of  the  house,  a  horse's  head  looking  out  of  a  stable 
window  with  the  words  "Our  Own  "  above. 

To  reach  R.  S.  Luqueer  and  Company's  store  from  the  Grand  Central 
Depot  take  the  Sixth  Avenue  Elevated  Railroad,  get  off  at  Park  Place 
station  and  walk  back  one  block  to  Murray  street.  From  Cortland  St.  ferry- 
walk  up  town  six  blocks  to  Murray  St.  From  the  Fall  River  Line  pier,  foot 
on  Murray  St.,  walk  east  three  blocks.  From  Long  Island  points,  cross  the 
Brooklyn  Bridge  and  walk  across  the  City  Hall  Park  to  Murray  St.  From 
Steamers  making  landings  on  the  North  River,  take  the  West  St.   cars  to 


360  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

Murray  St.     From  whichever  direction  the  visitor  comes  he  cannot  fail   to    I 
find  the  store  if  he  will  only  look  for  the  white  horse  which  stands  outside  it.    I 

The  American  Art  Galleries. 

No.  6  East  23rd  St.,  Madison  Square  South,  The  American  Art  Associ- 
ation (James  F.  Sutton,  and  Thomas  E.  Kirby),  proprietors.  At  these 
galleries  at  stated  periods,  are  to  be  found  on  exhibition  collections  of  paint- 
ings and  other  art  objects  of  distinctive  character. 

The  proprietors  are  prepared  to  take  the  management  of  the  exhibition 
and  sale  of  collections  of  painting  and  other  art  property  of  special  impor- 
tance feeling  confident  that  their  experience  in  such  matters,  coupled  with 
the  fact  that  they  have  the  largest,  handsomest,  most  complete  and  best 
located  galleries  in  the  country,  enable  them  to  do  so  to  the  best  possible 
advantage. 

The  following  most  important  public  art  sales  ever  held,  are  among 
those  made  to  the  complete  satisfaction  of  those  who  intrusted  their  man- 
agement to  the  American  Art  Association:  collections  of  Mrs.  Mary  J. 
Morgan,  dec'd,  $1,205,153.30;  George  I.  Seney,  first  collection,  $405,821; 
Seney,  second  collection,  $648,900;  A.  T.  Stewart,  collection,  $575,079.42; 
Brayton  Ives,  collection,  $275,160;  J.  H.  Stebbins,  collection,  $168,585;  col- 
lection of  Robert  Graves,  dec'd,  $146,863.50;  S.  L.  M.  Barlow,  collection, 
$138,904. 

The  American  Art  Association  inaugurated  at  these  galleries,  the 
"Prize  Fund  Exhibitions,"  which  had  for  their  object  the  encouragement 
and  advancement  of  native  art.  Upwards  of  thirty  thousand  dollars  in  cash 
prizes  were  awarded  to  American  Artists,  the  association  contributing 
nearly  one-third  of  this  amount,  the  balance  being  contributed  by  citizens 
and  art  institutions  throughout  the  country.  The  prize  pictures  were  pre- 
sented to  our  Art  Museum. 

The  New  York  Cab  Company. 

The  ill  repute  brought  upon  New  York  by  cab- 
men, in  former  days,  is  fast  disappearing.  Better 
police  regulation  has  had  much  to  do  with  the 
change  ;  but  a  more  potent  factor  has  been  the  system 
introduced  by  Messrs.  Ryerson  &  Brown,  and  now 
carried  on  by  their  successors,  The  New  York  Cab 
Company  (Limited).  This  Company  has  stables  in  all 
parts  of  the  City,  and  its  Cabs  and  Carriages  are  driven 
by  well-disciplined,  salaried  employes,  who  have  no  personal  interest  in 
charging  more  than  the  established  rates,  and  are  always  disposed  to  strain 
a  point  for  a  patron  in  the  hope  of  receiving  a  gratuity.     Any  disposition 


PUBLISHERS'  DEPARTMENT.  .361 

to  be  extortionate,  with  a  view  to  personal  gain,  is  held  in  check  by  the 
fear  of  discharge.  A  person  who  would  rather  be  imposed  upon  than  suffer 
the  loss  of  time  necessary  to  prosecute  a  cab  driver  in  a  police  court,  or 
before  the  Mayor's  Marshal,  would  not  hesitate  to  complain  to  the  Officers 
of  the  New  York  Cab  Company,  either  personally  or  by  letter.  A  few  such 
complaints  would  end  the  service  of  any  driver  employed  by  the  Company. 

The  stables  of  the  Company  are  located  at  Nos.  21  to  2^  East  Twelfth 
Street,  Nos.  116  to  130  West  Thirty-second  Street,  No.  523  Fifth  Avenue, 
Nos.  2  to  6  West  Forty-fifth  Street,  Nos.  221  and  223  West  Fifty-third 
Street,  No.  5  East  Fifty-eighth  Street,  and  on  the  corner  of  Amsterdam 
Avenue  and  Seventy-fifth  Street.  Besides  these  chief  stables,  the  Company 
has  four  Annex  Stables,  and  also  maintains  the  large  West  End  Stables  at 
Long  Branch. 

The  various  hotels  can  call  Cabs  or  Carriages  of  any  kind  from  any  of 
these  stables  by  telephone.  Other  people  can  have  their  residences  or 
offices  connected  with  the  nearest  stable  by  private  wire,  and  can  summon 
a  cab  at  any  time  by  merely  pulling  the  handle  of  a  call  box.  There  are 
more  than  2,000  of  these  boxes  in  use.  In  taking  advantage  of  the  facilities 
of  this  Company,  residents  of  New  York  find  that  they  get  the  best  possible 
service  at  a  reasonable  expense. 

Mr.  Ira  Brown,  who  has  had  forty  odd  years  of  experience  in  managing 
men  and  horses,  is  the  general  manager  of  the  Company.  In  one 
direction  his  experience  is  of  peculiar  advantage,  that  of  securing  comfort- 
able vehicles  ;  all  of  which  are  built  by  the  Company  at  their  own  works. 
Thus  their  rolling  stock  is  always  in  the  best  possible  condition,  and  there 
is  practically  no  end  to  it,  for  they  make  a  point  of  keeping  twice  as  many 
vehicles  as  are  in  average  use.  The  rates  charged  are  those  agreed  upon 
by  the  reputable  liverymen  in  this  City,  and  are  considerably  below  the 
maximum  fixed  by  the  City  ordinances.  In  addition  to  their  own  live-stock 
the  Company  board  at  their  stables,  during  the  winter  season,  from  900 
to  1 ,000  horses  belonging  to  other  persons. 

The  United  States  National  Bank. 

From  the  time  of  its  organization  in  1881  this  institution  has  been  noted 
for  the  wealth  of  its  directors  and  the  fact  that  it  possessed  the  handsom- 
est banking  house  in  New  York  city.  A  little  more  than  a  year  ago,  how- 
ever, it  joined  the  group  of  aggressive  banks  reaching  out  for  business. 
The  change  was  brought  about  by  the  election  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Parker  as  pres- 
ident. This  gentleman  has  been  president  of  the  Cotton  Exchange,  and 
subsequently  had  active  charge  of  the  Park  National  Bank.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Southern  Society  and  of  the  New  York  Club,  and  has  a  large 
personal  following  both  of  men  and  financial  institutions.     Since  he  took 


362  THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 

hold  of  the  United  States  National,  about  a  year  ago,  its  deposits  have  more 
than  doubled,  increasing  from  four  to  ten  millions  of  dollars,  and  they  are 
still  growing  at  a  rapid  rate.  It  is  very  popular  with  out  of  town  banks, 
especially  those  located  in  the  South. 

The  United  States  National  has  a  capital  of  $500,000  and  a  surplus  of  $500,- 
000.  On  the  board  of  directorate  with  Dr.  Parker  are  Thomas  E.  Stillman, 
one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Hopkins  estate;  William  P.  Thompson,  president 
of  the  Lead  Trust;  Thomas  H.  Hubbard,  the  eminent  lawyer  and  financier; 
Collis  P.  Huntington,  the  railroad  magnate,  Henry  Allen  and  Thomas  W. 
Pearsall.  Other  officers  are  Henry  C.  Hopkins,  cashier,  and  John  J. 
McAuliffe  and  Joseph  W.  Harriman,  assistant  cashiers,  all  three  of  whom 
are  well  known  and  well  thought  of  in  the  financial  world.  One  thing 
that  is  often  commented  on  by  those  who  have  dealings  with  the  bank  is 
the  uniform  kindly  courtesy  shown  by  the  bank  officials  to  all  comers. 

The  building  occupied  by  the  bank  is  one  of  the  handsomest  structures 
on  Wall  Street.  It  is  nine  stories  high,  built  solidly  of  white  marble  and 
entirely  fireproof.  The  whole  of  the  first  floor  is  occupied  by  the  bank 
offices.  The  counter  is  of  Mexican  onyx,  with  trimmings  of  solid  brass,  and 
the  walls  are  frescoed  in  cream  and  gold,  so  that  the  whole  appearance  of 
the  bank  is  bright,  rich  and  pleasing. 

There  is  nothing  handsomer  in  town,  and  many  visitors  go  to  the  bank 
merely  to  see  its  handsome  appointments.  The  upper  floors  of  the  build- 
ing are  leased  for  office  purposes  mostly  to  brokers  and  financial  concerns. 
A  conservative  valuation  of  the  building  and  its  furnishings  puts  their 
value  at  $580,000. 

The  bank  is  growing  in  wealth  every  day, "is  backed  by  some  of  the  big- 
gest interests  centered  in  New  York,  has  a  progressive  and  able  manage- 
ment, and  seems  destined  to  become  one  of  the  strongest  financial  institu- 
tions in  the  city. 

The  Hotel  Marlborough. 

One  of  the  few  perfectly  comfortable  hotels  in  New  York  city  is  The 
Marlborough,  which  occupies  the  block  on  Broadway  between  Thirty-sixth 
and  Thirty-seventh  Streets.  It  is  a  handsome  building,  seven  stories  high, 
and  contains  400  rooms,  half  of  which  are  arranged  in  suites  to  accommo- 
date families.  The  situation  is  very  convenient,  within  a  few  blocks  of  the 
principal  theatres  and  near  the  Sixth  Avenue  Elevated  road  and  the  various 
street-car  lines.  Central  Park  can  be  reached  within  five  minutes,  and  the 
Grand  Central  depot  in  about  the  same  time.  It  is  far  enough  up-town  to 
be  beyond  the  rattle  of  the  wholesale  business  streets,  and  yet  near  enough 
to  the  shopping  centres. 

The  building  is  of  red  brick,  solidly  built,  perfectly  fire-proof,  and 
equipped  with  all  the  improvements  which  promote  comfort    and    con- 


PUBLISHERS'  DEPARTMENT.  3G8 

venience— elevators,  electric  lights,  electric  calls,  hot  and  cold  water,  etc. 
Every  apartment  has  a  bathroom  connected  with  it,  for  which  no  additional 
charge  is  made.  The  lobby  is  the  most  spacious  in  the  city.  Equally  large 
are  the  cafe  and  billiard  room,  whose  appointments  are  in  entire  keeping 
with  the  general  luxuriousness  of  the  hotel. 

The  table  is  a  noted  one  even  in  this  city,  where  the  hotels  furnish  the 
best  living  in  the  world.  It  is  supplied  with  all  known  delicacies  in  season 
and  out  of  season,  and  for  this  reason  is  particularly  patronized  by  gour- 
mands. The  servants  are  all  well  trained,  and  while  assiduous  in  their 
attentions  to  guests  are  not  obtrusive  and  are  never  in  the  way.  Many 
of  the  guests  gratify  their  curiosity  by  inspecting  the  machinery  of  the 
hotel,  all  of  which  is  of  the  most  modern  type,  as  are  also  the  appliances 
which  secure  perfect  ventilation  in  every  part  of  the  hotel.  In  the  base- 
ment are  located  the  dynamos  for  supplying  the  electric  lights,  ice-making 
machines  using  the  ammonia  process,  which  keep  the  hotel  store-house  cold 
and  is  used  to  chill  the  drinking  water.  Evidences  of  scrupulous  cleanli- 
ness are  noticeable  on  all  sides. 

The  house  is  conducted  on  both  the  American  and  European  plans,  so 
that  each  guest  is  at  liberty  to  select  the  style  of  living  preferred.  If  the 
American  plan  is  adopted  the  charge  is  $3.50  per  diem,  and  if  the  European 
plan  is  chosen  the  charges  run  from  $1.50  per  diem  upwards.  Mr.  Louis 
L.  Todd,  the  proprietor,  gives  his  personal  attention  to  the  management  of 
the  hotel.  In  this  way  every  guest  is  assured  of  receiving  all  the  attention 
desirable. 

In  respect  to  its  furnishings,  this  hotel  indicates  a  decided  advantage 
upon  the  old  time  standard.  Instead  of  having  all  the  rooms  furnished  on 
a  uniform  plan,  each  is  given  an  individuality  of  its  own.  Thus  the  aspect 
of  cheerlessness  is  avoided,  and  an  air  of  home  comfort  has  been  given  to 
all  the  rooms.  "When  the  furniture  was  selected,  great  care  was  taken  to 
have  all  the  articles,  carpet  decorations,  etc.,  in  each  room  harmonize,  and 
throughout  the  house  there  is  nothing  offensive  to  the  artistic  sense. 

Hotels  St.  Lorenz  and  Premier. 

These  two  adjoining  hotels  front  on  726.  street,  one  of  the  fashionable 
residence  streets  in  the  city.  They  have  a  frontage  on  this  street  of  168 
feet.  Buff  brick  and  brown  stone  are  the  materials  used  and  the  architecture 
(renaissance)  is  remarkably  tasteful.  No  better  location  could  be  had,  as  it 
is  convenient  to  Central  Park,  the  Third  Avenue  Elevated  Railway  and 
the  Madison  avenue  surface  road. 

In  the  St.  Lorenz  the  apartments  are  rented  unfurnished  and  are  ar- 
ranged in  suites  of  four  to  five  rooms,  with  private  bath  and  hall;  they  are 
tastefully  decorated,  light  and  well  ventilated,  have  open  fire-places,  sanit- 


364 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 


ary  plumbing,  and  each  apartment  is  connected  with  the  office  by  speaking- 
tube  and  electric  bell.  The  rental  covers  hotel  service,  which  includes  care 
of  rooms  and  bed  Unen,  elevator  and  hall  boys,  steam  heat  and  electric 
light.  The  dining  room  which  is  on  the  top  floor,  is  an  unusually  pleasant 
«one  and  the  service  and  cuisine  are  first  class.  Connected  with  the  house 
is  a  thoroughly  equipped  laundry  plant,  with  skilled  help.  The  elevator 
runs  all  night.  There  is  a  public  reception  room,  a  reading  room,  a  smok- 
ing room,  barber  shop  and  telephone.  The  house  is  conducted  in  a  thor- 
oughly first-class  manner,  and  guests  have  the  comforts  of  home,  with  hotel 
service,  without  the  cares  of  housekeeping. 

The  Hotel  Premier  is  a  select  family  hotel  for  permanent  or  transient 
guests.  It  adjoins  the  Hotel  St.  Lorenz,  and  is  run  under  the  same  man- 
agement. The  rooms  are  unusually  light  and  cheerful,  tastefully  decorated, 
and  are  arranged  in  suites  of  one  to  three,  or  more,  which  are  rented  furn- 
ished, only,  with  hotel  service,  elevator,  gas  and  steam  heat  and  electric 
bells. 

In  the  basement  are  the  Premier  Russian  and  Turkish  baths,  one  of  the 
best  ventilated  and  most  perfectly  appointed  baths  in  the  city,  which  the 
guests  of  the  house  can  reach  without  leaving  the  building. 

The  reputation  of  this  house  is  fully  established,  and  patrons  can  rely 
upon  good  living  and  management.  Messrs.  Stanley  H.  Wetmore  &  Co., 
the  proprietors,  request  inspection  of  both  their  hotels. 

The  Hoffman  House. 

The  Hoffman  House,  with  its  new  annex,  which  is  so  designed  as  to  be 
almost  fire-proof,  has  the  best  location  of  any  hotel  in  the  city.      Madison 


Square,  on  which  the  hotel  fronts,  is  the  natural  centre  of  the  city,   as  al- 
ready described  in  this  book,      In  its  appointments,  the  Hoffman  House  is 


PUBLISHERS'  DEPARTMENT. 


365 


the  peer  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  A  description  of  its  comforts  is  hardly 
called  for,  so  well  is  it  known.  The  hotel  has  upwards  of  300  elegant  rooms. 
Bath-rooms  and  all  modern  conveniencies  are  included  in  the  appointments. 
The  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  European  plan,  and  the  prices  range  from 
$2  per  day  upwards.     The  cuisine  is  Parisian  and  unexcelled. 

Turkish  and  Russian  baths  are  connected  with  the  hotel.  Branch 
establishments  are  :  The  Hoffman  Cafe,  7  Beaver  St.;  Exchange  Cafe,  Ex- 
change Place  and  New  street;  Hotel  Claremont,  Riverside  Drive;  and 
Fenwick  Hall,  Saybrook  Point,  Ct. 

Hackett,    Carhart    &    Co. 

In  no  trade  is  the  middleman  disappearing  faster  than  that  of  ready- 
made  clothing.  One  of  the  first  manufacturing  firms  to  supply  direct  to  the 
wearer  was   Hackett,    Carhart   and   Company,    who   manufacture  all  the 

clothing  they  sell.  Thus  they  have 
established  a  range  of  prices  which 
make  the  average  New  Yorker  the 
most  cheaply  as  well  as  the  best  clad 
man  in  the  country. 

The  retail  business  of  the  house 
was  established  in  1868  by  Carhart, 
Whitford  &  Co.,  the  predecessors  of 
the  present  firm,  at  the  store  which  is 
still  their  headquarters,  on  the  north- 
east corner  of  Broadway  and  Canal 
street. 

The  house  supplied  to  the  public, 
as  it  still  does,  a  reliable  class  of  ready- 
made  clothing  in  more  extensive  as- 
sortment and  at  lower  prices  than 
were  ever  known  before.  A  new 
method  was  also  introduced.  No 
credit  was  given,  and  every  garment 
sold  was  paid  for  at  the  time  it  was  ordered  or  when  it  was  delivered. 
No  book  accounts  have  ever  been  kept  by  the  house,  nor  has  any  money 
ever  been  locked  up  in  bad  debts.  Every  year  saw  an  increase  in  the 
business,  as  it  has  always  been  the  policy  of  the  concern  to  give  satisfac- 
tion to  every  customer.  When  a  patron  is  not  pleased  with  the  goods 
ordered,  he  is  at  liberty  to  exchange  them  for  others,  or  the  price  he  paid, 
as  he  may  elect.  So  large  a  stock  of  seasonable  garments  is  kept,  however, 
that  it  is  now  possible  for  the  most  particular  and  fastidious  buyer  to  find 
clothing  to  his  liking. 


366  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

One  great  attraction  possessed  by  this  store  for  people  who  wish  to  buy 
quickly  is  the  convenience  of  its  location.  The  Broadway  cars  pass  the 
door;  the  Eighth  avenue  and  the  Sixth  avenue  cars  begin  their  journey  at 
this  corner;  a  block  away  the  Grand  street  cars  may  be  found,  and  the 
Grand  street  stations  on  the  Sixth  and  Third  avenue  Elevated  railroads  are 
but  a  short  distance  from  the  store.  Several  cross-town  lines  also  pass  the 
Canal  street  door. 

Another  attraction  of  this  store  which  appeals  directly  to  people  who 
live  out  of  town,  but  buy  in  New  York,  is  the  practice  of  the  house  to  send 
all  prepaid  purchases  free  of  express  charges  to  any  point  within  a  radius 
of  one  hundred  miles  from  the  city.  In  short,  the  whole  policy  of  the  house 
is  to  make  buying  there  easy,  and  free  from  every  possible  annoyance.  It 
is  this  policy  which  has  made  the  house  so  popular,  and  led  to  its  securing 
so  large  a  business.  There  is  no  more  successful  firm  in  New  York  than 
Hackett,  Carhart  and  Company. 

Across  the  Atlantic  with  the  Greatest  Safety,   Speed  and 

Comfort. 

The  Hamburg-American  Packet  Co.  is  now  one  of  the  largest  steam- 
ship companies  in  the  world.  Its  fleet  consists  of  54  ocean  steamers,  among 
which  there  are  4  big  twin-screw  express  steamers,  whose  engines  develop 
between  13,000  and  16,000  horse-power.  There  is  no  other  line  in  existence 
possessing  that  number  of  twin-screw  steamships.  With  its  large  fleet  the 
line  covers  many  routes  across  the  Atlantic,  the  best  known  being  the  ex- 
press line  between  Hamburg,  Southampton  and  New  York;  the  regular  ser- 
vice between  Hamburg  (Havre)  and  New  York;  the  Hamburg-Baltimore 
Line,  and  the  line  from  New  York  to  Copenhagen  and  Stettin.  On  the 
route,  New  York,  Southampton,  Hamburg,  the  Hamburg-American 
Packet  Co.  holds  the  record  for  fastest  time  across  the  ocean.  The  line  has 
also,  according  to  the  report  of  the  U.  S.  Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails, 
beaten  all  competitors  in  delivering  the  American  mails  in  London. 

The  Hamburg- American  Packet  Co.  has  now  taken  a  new  departure. 
To  accommodate  the  continually  growing  number  of  Americans  who  wish 
to  make  a  European  trip  in  winter,  the  twin-screw  express  steamers 
Augusta- Victoria,  Columbia,  Normannia  and  Furst  Bismarck  will  leave  New 
York  during  the  winter  months,  for  Genoa  and  Naples,  via  Gibralter. 

Besides,  however,  the  Hamburg-American  Line  will  send  its  latest, 
largest  and  fastest  twin-screw  steamer,  the  Furst  Bismarck,  from  New  York, 
on  a  grand  winter  excursion  to  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Orient.  The 
steamer  will  leave  New  York  in  February  and  sail  direct  to  Gibralter, 
Genoa,  Ajaccio   (Corsica),   Alexandria  (for   Cairo  and  the  Pyramids),  JaiTa 


PUBLISHERS'  DEPARTMENT. 


367 


(Jerusalem),   Smyrna,   Constantinople,  Athens,    Corfu,   Malta,    Syracuse, 
Palermo,  Naples,  Algiers,  and  return  to  New  York  via  Southampton. 
The  General  Office  of  the  Company  is  37  Broadway,  New  York. 

A.  H.  Brummell. 

Ever  since  1848  Mr.  A.  H.  Brummell  has  been  catering  to  New  Yorkers' 
taste  for  sweets,  and  has  done  more,  perhaps,  than  any  other  manufac- 
turer to  make  that  taste  fastidious.  All  varieties  of  confectionery  are  manu- 
factured by  him,  and  there  is  now  scarcely  a  town  in  the  country  where 
his  name  is  not  familiar. 

In  carrying  his  fame  outside 
of  New  York,  Brummell's  Cough 
Drops  have  perhaps  been  even 
more  effective  than  his  confec- 
tions. These  famous  drops  are 
sold  in  every  part  of  this  coun- 
try, and  there  are  many  imita- 
tions. The  genuine  are  all 
stamped  A.  H.  B.,  so  that  those 
who  use  them  need  not  be  im- 
posed upon  by  the  counterfeits. 
Mr.  Brummell  began  their  man- 
ufacture a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  and  during  all  that  time 
they  have  been  growing 
in  public  favor.  They  are 
agreeable  to  the  taste,  handy 
to  carry  around,  and  effective 
in  clearing  the  throat  and 
loosening  a  cough.  For  this 
reason  they  are  much  favored 
by  public  speakers.  One  of 
these  drops  placed  in  the 
mouth  when  going  to  bed  will  enable  any  cough-ridden  patient  to  enjoy  a 
night's  rest. 

Brummell's  cough  drops  are  manufactured  at  the  big  building  owned 
by  the  house  at  408  and  410  Grand.  Besides  being  the  factory,  this  is  also 
the  wholesale  house  of  the  concern,  and  all  shipping  orders  are  handled 
here.  This  building  is  on  the  site  of  the  store  where  Mr.  Brummell  made 
his  first  success  many  years  ago.  Now  his  retail  stores  are  to  be  found  in 
all  the  fashionable  shopping  quarters  of  the  city.  In  1875  he  opened  the 
large  store  at  831  Broadway,  three  years  later  the  store  at  293  Sixth  avenue, 


368 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 


in  1883  the  one  at  2  West  14th  street,  and  about  two  years  ago  the  one  on 
the  corner  of   Broadway  and  Thirty-first  street. 

One  reason  why  Bnimmell's  bon-bons,  chocolates,  etc.,  are  in  such 
general  demand  is  that  only  the  best  and  purest  of  materials  are  used — all 
deleterious  coloring  matter  and  flavorings  are  carefully  eschewed,  and  the 
various  processes  of  manufacture  are  conducted  only  by  experienced  and 
reliable  workmen.  Great  taste  is  also  used  in  packing  candies,  and  when 
they  are  to  be  shipped  outside  the  city  they  are  first  artistically  assorted  in 
fine  French  boxes,  then  repacked  in  strong  wooden  boxes,  thus  guarding 
them  from  all  ordinary  risks  of  injury. 

Has  the  City  Changed  Much  Since  1846? 


You  would  think  it  ridiculous  if  asked  the  question,  and  yet  how  few  who 
think  of  this  subject  at  all  realize  the  full  extent  of  these  changes.  Noth- 
ing brings  it  so  forciby  before  us  as  a  talk  with  an  "  old  settler  "  or  the  his- 
tory of  an  old  business  house.     The  City  Hall  up  town  ?    Yes,  it  was  when 

built;  and  the  retail  shop- 
ping district  below  Canal 
street?  Why,  certainly; 
and  not  many  years  ago. 
On  one  of  the  busiest 
streets  in  the  city  and  on 
one  of  the  most  popular 
Drug  Stores  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  I  noticed  "Wm. 
B.  Riker  &  Son  Co. ,  es- 
tablished 1846.  What  else 
was  here  in  1  S  4  6  ?  I 
thought,  and  with  a  news- 
man's license,  deter- 
mined to  talk  with  the 
proprietors.  No  such 
massive  building  and 
magnificent  fittings  as 
these  in  the  old  days,  I 
thought,  as  I  entered. 
No.  carved  white  mahog- 
any counters  or  beautifully  decorated  ceiling  or  wonderful  combination  of 
marble  and  onyx  and  silver  to  make  a  soda  fountain.  I  found  instead  that 
this  business,  now  one  of  the  best  established  of  New  York,  was  begun  on 
one-tenth  of  the  floor  space  it  now  occupies  with  one   small  window  front. 


PUBLISHERS'   DEPARTMENT,  369 

At  that  time  it  was  surrounded  by  green  fields  and  gardens,  while  the  view 
of  both  the  East  and  North  Rivers  was  uninterrupted. 

First  begun  as  a  general  drug  and  prescription  store,  its  present  prescrip- 
tion department  alone  on  the  second  floor  occupies  three  times  the  space  of 
the  whole  store  formerly;  while  the  surgical  instrument  department,  also  up 
stairs  and  reached  by  electric  elevator,  is  filled  with  rubber  goods,  trusses, 
crutches  and  all  the  little  necessaries  for  the  invalid  and  the  sick  room.  It 
really  seems  as  if  their  principle  of  the  "  best  of  everything  at  lowest  possi- 
ble price  "  is  correct.  The  energy  with  which  they  have  fought  for  this 
principle  as  illustrated  during  the  "Campion  Combine"  of  1883  and  of 
more  recent  combinations  to  force  them  to  raise  prices,  is  fresh  in  the  minds 
of  all  newspaper  readers.  During  the  combination  of  1883  they  began  the 
manufacture  of  Rikers'  family  medicines,  which  has  grown  to  such  pro- 
portions that  they  now  have  the  finest  medicinal  laboratory  in  the  city  at 
the  corner  of  Clarkson  and  Washington  streets. 

Their  reliable  preparations  are  largely  sold  in  Africa,  Australia  and  the 
West  Indies,  and  can  be  had  at  all  other  drug  stores  in  the  city  as  well  as 
from  their  own  retail  store  at  the  corner  of  Twenty-second  street  and  Sixth 
avenue. 

What  did  it?  Tireless  energy,  thorough  reliability  and  fair  prices. 
These  factors  make  any  business  grow.  This  business  is  now  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  New  York  with  large  capital.  Its  officers  are  men  of 
strong  character  and  large  experience  in  the  drug  business,  and  the  future 
alone  can  tell  how  large  it  will  yet  become. 

Wiliiam  Jackson. 

While  the  general  tendency  of  retail  business  in  New  York  has  been 
towards  its  concentration  in  few  hands  and  the  operating  of  a  great  many 
different  branches  under  one  roof,  an  opposing  tendency  has  been  towards 
promoting  a  special  branch  of  business.  The  exponents  of  the  latter  tend- 
ency have  met  with  a  success  almost  as  notable  as  that  of  the  proprietors  of 
the  great  bazaars.  One  of  the  best  known  of  the  special  stores  is  that  of 
William  Jackson,  at  777  Broadway,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets,  near 
Grace  Church. 

This  business  was  started  by  William  Jackson  in  I847  on  lower  Broad- 
way— carrying  a  full  line  of  black  dress  goods  and  silks — afterwards  drifting 
into  all  the  branches  as  enumerated  below,  and  now  is  the  only  house  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States.  Each  department  is  superintended  by  a  thor- 
oughly competent  specialist  in  his  line.  None  but  the  best  articles  are 
handled  by  this  house,  who  have  now  built  up  one  of  the  largest  trades  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States.  Handling  exclusively  this  class  of  goods  in  large 
quantities  they  are  able  to  sell  same  at  much  lower  prices  than  other  houses. 


370  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  only  black  goods  are  kept  in  stock.  All 
materials  in  neutral  colorings,  especially  lavender,  gray,  and  black  and 
white.  Every  visitor  to  New  York  should  see  this  store.  Its  resources  are 
available,  through  its  mail  order  department,  to  residents  in  any  part  of  the 
United  States. 

This  house  covers  every  brand  the  same  as  in  the  larger  one,  only  con- 
fining it  to  black,  gray  or  white.  In  the  Cloak  and  Costume  Department 
will  be  found  high-class  London  and  City  made  coats,  jackets  and  long  gar- 
ments ;  rich  Paris  mantles  and  costumes  ;  imported  and  City  made  garments 
of  every  design  in  correct  style,  superior  workmanship  and  reliable  fabrics. 
They  especially  call  attention  to  their  Dressmaking  Department,  which 
guarantees  satisfaction.  In  the  Dress  Goods  and  Silk  Department  complete 
lines  of  all  the  new  and  fashionable  fabrics  are  to  be  seen  in  black,  grays, 
white  and  mixtures.     High-class  novelties  are  shown  in  great  profusion. 

The  Ladies'  Furnishing  Department  will  be  found  complete  in  all  those 
little  findings  that  go  to  make  up  an  outfit,  such  as  gloves,  hosiery,  handker- 
chiefs, jewelry,  veils,  underwear,  underskirts  in  silk  and  other  fabrics, 
dress  trimming,  laces,  etc.  Fur  Department  is  complete  in  garment  trim- 
ming and  small  furs. 

The  patronage  of  this  store  is  by  no  means  limited  to  persons  in  mourn- 
ing. All  clever  shoppers  who  are  buying  anything  in  sombre  or  neutral 
colors  go  there,  because  they  know  they  will  find  a  greater  variety  of  goods 
to  select  from,  and  that  they  will  save  something  in  the  price  of  their  pur- 
chases. Mr.  Jackson  started  the  business  on  the  principle  that  its  success 
depended  upon  the  reliability  of  the  statements  made  by  his  clerks  as  to 
quality  and  values,  and  this  has  been  the  policy  of  the  house  throughout 
the  fifty-five  years  of  its  existence.     It  is  a  very  popular  store. 

Du  Vivier  &  Co. 

New  York  is  unquestionably  the  centre  of  the  foreign  wine  trade  of  the 
United  States.  All  visitors  to  New  York,  who  appreciate  good  wine,  should 
post  themselves  as  to  what  this  great  market  affords  in  this  respect,  and 
make  the  acquaintance  of  such  reputable  houses  as  can  be  relied  on  to  exe- 
cute their  orders,  faithfully  and  conscientiously. 

Among  those  houses,  whose  name  we  may  mention  with  the  greatest 
confidence,  is  that  of  DuVivier  &  Co.,  22  Warren  street,  which  dates  back 
nearly  half  a  century,  during  which  time  it  has  enjoyed  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  its  acquaintances  both  here  and  aboad,  as  also  of  our  best  con- 
noisseurs. 

These  gentlemen  are  agents  for  the  well  known  and  celebrated  brand 
of  Perrier-Jouet  &  Co. ,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Epernay.  These  pro- 
ducers of  champagne  own  their  own  vineyards,  and  may  safely  be  classed 


PUBLISHERS'   DEPARTMENT.  371 

anvong  the  old,  honorable  and  reliable  reputations,  enjoying  the  confidence 
and  respect  of  the  entire  trade. 

Du  Vivier  &  Co.  are  also  large  importers  of  Clarets  and  Burgundies  of 
their  own  selection  and  purchase,  and  have  their  own  house  in  Bordeaux. 
In  Rhine  Wines,  they  are  agents  for  Hinckel  &  Winckler  of  Frankfort,  A/M. 
Their  general  stock  comprises  the  best  selections  of  Oporte  and  Sherry 
Wines,  Cognac,  Scotch,  Irish  and  American  whiskies,  Holland  Gin,  Jamaica 
Rum,  Kinahan's  LL  Irish  whisky,  London  Cordial  Gin,  as  also  of  the  now 
celebrated  Coates'  Plymouth  Gin.  We  strongly  advise  our  friends  visiting 
New  York  to  make  their  acquaintance ;  they  can  rely  on  getting  satisfac- 
tory merchandise  at  reasonable  prices. 

Advice  to  Mothers. 

Are  you  disturbed  at  night  and  broken  of  your  rest  by  a  sick  child  suf- 
fering and  crying  with  pain  of  Cutting  Teeth  ?  If  so,  send  at  once  and  get 
a  bottle  of        "Mrs.  Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup," 

for  Children  Teething.  Its  value  is  incalculable.  It  will  relieve  the  poor 
little  sufferer  immediately.  Depend  upon  it,  mothers  ;  there  is  no  mistake 
about  it.  It  cures  Diarrhoea,  regulates  the  Stomach  and  Bowels,  cures 
Wind  Colic,  softens  the  Gums,  reduces  Inflammation,  and  gives  tone  and 
energy  to  the  whole  system.  "Mrs.  Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup,"  for  chil- 
dren teething,  is  pleasant  to  the  taste  and  is  the  prescription  of  one  of  the 
oldest  and  best  female  physicians  and  nurses  in  the  United  States,  and  is 
for  sale  by  all  druggists  throughout  the  world.  Price,  twenty-five  cents  a 
bottle.     Be  sure  and  ask  for  '■  Mrs.  Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup." 

Shorthand. 

Mr.  Edward  Carroll,  Jr.,  has,  for  the  last  twelve  years,  been  engaged 
in  reporting  conventions,  lectures,  sermons,  addresses,  directors',  stock- 
holders', public,  political  and  other  meetings,  law  arguments,  references, 
and  in  fact  every  character  of  shorthand  work.  Only  the  most  skilful  steno- 
graphers are  employed,  and  every  effort  is  made  to  secure  accuracy  and 
promptness  in  work  undertaken.  Offices,  40  Wall  street.  Telephone,  466 
Cortlandt. 

Manhattan  Typewriting  Company. — Law  papers,  architects'  and  other 
specifications,  prospectuses,  statements,  accounts,  authors'  and  other  manu- 
scripts promptly  copied. 

R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company. 

This  firm  was  organized  to  do  emergency  work  for  business  houses  and 
periodicals.  Its  members  all  have  experience  as  publishers,  advertising 
men  and  writers,  which  they  place  at  the  disposal  of  their  clients.       They 


372  THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

undertake  the  preparation  of  catalogues,  circulars,  calenders,  pamphlets, 
etc. ,  for  business  houses.  For  newspapers  they  are  ready  to  prepare  and 
publish  special  numbers,  illustrated  or  otherwise,  almanacs  and  books  de- 
signed to  constitute  permanent  advertisements  for  the  publications  giving 
these  their  names. 

A  large  canvassing  force  is  maintained  to  secure  advertisements  for 
these  special  publications;  also  for  any  first-class  trade  paper,  religious  or 
other  magazine  whose  publisher  may  contract  with  the  firm  to  give  the  lat- 
ter exclusive  charge  of  his  advertising. 

It  will  be  easily  understood  from  this  statement  that  the  firm  has  begun 
work  in  a  large  field,  but  it  must  also  be  remembered  that  this  field  is  al- 
most unoccupied.  When  a  merchant  decides  to  get  out  a  catalogue  he 
must  suspend  other  work  to  attend  to  it,  thus  adding  greatly  to  its  cost,  and 
then  producing  a  book  not  wholly  satisfactory.  How  much  easier  wc  uld  it 
be  for  him  to  turn  the  job  over  to  experienced  hands  and  relieve  himself 
from  anxiety  and  the  worry  of  doing  work  for  which  he  knows  himself  un- 
trained. 

So  with  the  publisher  of  a  newspaper.  He  may  recognize  the  desirabil- 
ity of  publishing  a  book  of  reference,  which  shall  be  a  continual  reminder 
of  his  paper,  but  his  ordinary  duties  absorb  all  his  energies  and  he  hesitates 
to  entrust  the  task  to  persons  whose  capacity  has  not  been  established  by 
trial.  Every  publisher  is  confronted  at  times  with  the  other  difficulty.  He 
knows  that  an  opportunity  for  doing  especially  profitable  advertising  is  be- 
fore him,  but  how  is  he  to  present  the  opportunity  properly  to  the  business 
community  with  his  limited  force  of  canvassers.  Having  the  large  trained 
staff  of  R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company  to  fall  back  upon,  he  escapes  worry 
over  the  solution  of  this  problem. 

As  for  the  publishers  of  class  papers  they  usually  have  no  training  in 
advertising,  and  while  they  may  hire  solicitors,  they  cannot  properly  direct 
these,  and  so  they  fail  of  securing  anything  like  the  advertising  they  might 
get. 

Merchants  involved  in  literary  difficulties  and  publishers  weary  of  the 
struggle  for  advertisements  are  invited  to  communicate  with  R.  Wayne 
Wilson  and  Company,  211,  212  and  213  Temple  Court,  New  York  City.  To 
accept  this  invitation  costs  nothing  and  may  lead  to  profit. 


SILKS  and 

Dress  Goods 


Pfffl  i1:-1 


James  McCreery  &  Co, 

Broadway  and  11th  St., 

NEW  YORK. 


Artificial  Limbs, 

WITH  RUBBER  FEET  ANB  HANBS. 


TT  is  not  unusual  to  see  a  farmer  working  in 
the  field  with  an  artificial  leg,  or  an  engi- 
neer with  hand  on  the  throttle,  or  a  conduc- 
tor, brakeman,  fireman,  carpenter,  mason, 
miner — in  fact,  men  of  every  vocation — wear- 
ing one  or  two  artificial  legs  with  rubber  feet, 
of  Marks'  Patents,  performing  as  much  labor 
as  men  in  possession  of  all  their  natural 
members,  earning  the  same  wages;  in  fact, 
experiencing  little  or  no  inconvenience. 


Over  13,000 

LEGS  AND  ARMS  WITH  RUBBER 
FEET  AND  HANDS 

In  active  operation  by  men  and  women, 
representing  every  occupation,  residing  in 
all  parts  of  the  world. 

ESTABLISHED    40    YEARS. 

Indorsed  and  purchased  by  the  United  States 
and  other  Governments. 


By  supplying  diagrams  and  measurements 
according  to  formula,  applicants  can  remain 
at  home  and  be  supplied  with  artificial  legs 
and  arms  that  will  fit  and  prove  serviceable. 

Over  half  of  the  limbs  made  by  the  firm  of 
A.  A.  Marks  are  constructed  from  measure- 
ments without  the  presence  of  the  wearers. 
Fit  Always   Guaranteed. 

A  Treatise  of  430  pages,  with  258  illustra- 
tions, and  a  formula  for  measurements,  sent 
free.     Address 


JL.    JL.    MARKS, 
701    Broadway,    New   York,    U.   S.   A. 


IJMDEX. 


Abbey's  Theatre 

Abbott  Collects  of  Egyptian  Antiquities 

Abingdon  Square 

Academy  of  Design,  The  10,  109, 

Academy  of  Medicine,  N.  Y  106. 

Academy  of  Music 18, 

Academy  of  Music,  Brooklyn  

Academy  of  Music,  J  ersey  City   

Academy  of  Science,  N.  Y 

Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart 

Actors'"  Amateur  Athletic  Association  of 

America 86, 

Actors1  Fund  of  America  46, 

Adams,  Edward  D 

Adams  Express  Co 

Adams  Murder,  The   

"  Africa  "  

Advertising  Agents  

Advertising  Specialists 

Afternoon  Promenade,  The 

Aguilar  Free  Circulating  Library   

Albermarle  Hotel      

Aldermen,  Board  of 

AldineClub    94,113. 

Aldrich  Court 10, 

All  Souls'  Church    

All  Souls'  Church,  Rev  R.  Heber  Newton 

All  Souls1  Church.  Unitarian  146, 

All    Souls1     Summer    Home,    (Newton, 

Rev.  R.  Heber) 

Alpha  Delta  Phi  Club    

Altman's 

Amawalk  Reservoir 

Amberg's  Theatre 18, 

Ambulances 

American  Art  Association 

American  Art  Association  Galleries  . . 

American  Art  Galleries 

American  District  Telegraph  Co  —  210. 

American  Foot  Ball  Association 

American  Institute 47, 

American  Jersey  Cattle  Club.  ... 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History . . 

American  News  Company 

American  Plan  Hotels        

American  Theatre        

American  "Water  Color  Society,  The 

American  Yacht  Club  

Amphion  Theatre,  Brooklyn 

Amsterdam,  Fort 

Angel  of  Siloam,  Statue  of 

Animal  Industry,  Bureau  of 

Anneke  Jans  

Annexed  District,  The 

Annual  Income  

Antique  Glass  

Antiquiti  is  Shops 

Apartment  Hous«s 


32 

ill 
50 

\  it; 

148 
82 

288 
44 

106 

227 


261 

116 

20 

13 

18 

371 

371 

10 

235 

20 

159 

144 

136 

270 

264 

267 

260 
88 
187 
169 
32 


19 
360 
21 S 

73 
105 


241 

315 


111 

75 

44 

4 

121 

1U 

5 

28 

2 

115 

185 

2: 


Applied  Arts 123 

Appraiser's  Department  173 

Appraiser's  Stores  173 

Apprentices1  Library,  The 233 

Aqueduct,  Croton    168 

Aqueduct  (new)    168 

Aqueducts  and  Reservoirs 168 

Arbitration,  Court  of     161 

Archaeological  Institute  105 

Archbishop  Corrigan's  Palace 25 

Architecture 134 

Architectural  League 46,  111 

Arion  Society   88 

Arion  Society  Building 151 

Armories  163 

Armory  Board 163 

Army  Building  135 

Arnold,  Benedict 6 

Arnold  &  Constable 20,187 

Arrochar,S.1 297 

Arsenal(old)      151 

Art  Association  Building,  Brooklyn  288 

Artists,  American  Society  of 46 

Artist  Artisans,  N.  Y.  Institute  for 230 

Artisans,  Skilled  126 

Art  and  Antiquities  Shops 1S5 

Art  Exhibitions 109 

Art  Guild,  The    113 

Art  Institute    ..   .  149 

Art,  Metropolitan  Museum  of   114 

Anistic  and  Literary  Clubs ^4 

Art  Organizations  that  Exhibit   109 

Art  Schools 229 

Art  Schools  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  ^30 
Art  Schools  of  Natl  Academy  of  Design.  230 

Art  Students1  League 230 

Art,  The  Society  of  D  corative 112 

Ar'ists,  Society  of  American 103,  110 

Arts,  The  Fine 109 

Arverne-by-the-Sea .      61 

Asbury  Park 61,  302 

Assay  Office  138,  164,  176 

Associations. 99 

Association  for    Improving  the  Condi- 
tion of  the  Poor 258 

Associated  Press,  N.  Y 240 

Assvnan  Antiquities 115 

Astbr  Building  138 

Astor  House 12,139 

Astor  Library,  The 113,  144,  23i 

Astor  Mansion 24 

Astor.  Mrs.  William 110 

Astor  Place  Opera  House,  Old 17 

Astor  Place  Riot,  The 17 

Astoria     293 

Asylums  for  Defective  Children. 256 

As'vlums  for  the  Insane 252 

Asylum  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul 254 


374 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 


Atalanta  Rowing  Club 73 

Athletic  Clubs 82 

Athletic  Clubs,  Columbia 2^5 

Athletic  Clubs.  Libt  of £6 

Athletic  Chronicle 84 

Atlautic  City 303 

Atlantic  Docks,  Brooklyn 2fc9 

Atlantic  Gardens 6,    44 

Atlantic  Highlands 61 

Atlantic  Yacht  Club 75 

Andubon  Park 27 

Authors1  Club 94 

Avenues,  Key  to  the  Numbering  of 344 

Babylon 293 

Babylonian  Antiquities 115 

Baggage  Checking  System 312 

Bancroft  House SiO 

Bank  of  America 138 

Banks,  List  of  Important 182 

Banks  Glee  Club 104 

Banks,  National 182 

Banks,  Savings 183 

Bank  of  the  State  of  N.  Y 9 

Bank,  The  United  States  National 261 

Baptist  Churcbes 271 ,  2i4 

Baptist  Churches,  Music  in 266 

Bar  Association 99 

Bargains 191 

Barge  Office 6,  1 35 

Barnard  College 2U5 

Barnum's  Museum 12 

Burns'  Coffee  House 6 

Baron  Hirsch  Fund 260 

Barrett  House 20 

Bartholdi  Hotel *0 

Bartholdi  Statue,  The  118 

Base  Bad  72 

Base  Ball  Clubs SI 

Base  Ball  Club,  New  York 74 

Battery  Park 6,    50 

Baths,  The  Public 247 

Bayard  House,  Where  Hamilton  Died. .    :8 

"  Bay,  The  " 15 

Bayonne 304 

Bay  Ridge 61,  293 

Bedford  Avenue  Theatre,  Brooklyn. 44 

Bedloe's  Island  61 ,  165 

Beethoven.  Colossal  Bust  of 122 

Behr  Bros.' Hall 44 

Belden  Point  62 

Bellevue  Hospital  246 

Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College 228 

Ball  Ground,  Central  Park S3 

Bill  Port        293 

Belmont,  August 116 

Belvedere     53 

BenchShow 48 

Benedick  Building     117,143 

Benevolent  Organizations 244 

Bergen  Point.  304 

Berkeley  Athletic  Club 74 

Berkeley  Lyceum ?3 

Berkeley  Oval     74 

Berkeley  School 22<5 

I'.eethoven  Mannerchor  104 

Bibles,  Collections  of  Editions  of     235 

Bible  and  Fruit  Mission,  The  N.  Y 261 

Bible  House 17,  113 


Bible  Society,  The  American 99 

Bicycling 70 

Bicycling  and  Bicycling  Roads    60 

Bicyclers'  Favorite  Resorts 60 

Bicycling  Roads,  Suburban 61 

Bicyles  for  Rent , 61 

Bigelow,  John 19 

Bijou  Theatre 20,33 

Blackford's  Fish  Market  197 

Bleecker  Street  Savings  Bank 142 

Blind.  N.  Y.  Institute  for 227 

Bloomingdale    22 

Bloomingdale  Asylum  for  the  Insane   . .  252 

Bloomingdale  Asylum 22 

Bloomingdale's 187 

B'nai  B'rith 103 

Blackwells  Island,  Buildings  on 246 

Boarding  Houses 316 

Bogardus,  Dominie    5 

Bog  Brook  Reservoir     169 

Bolivar,  Equestrian  Statue  of 121 

Bon-bons  i  BrummeU) 368 

Boulevard,  The 59 

Bowery,  The         15 

Bowery  Bay  Beach    62 

Bowery  Boys 15 

Bowling  Green     5,    51 

Bowling  and  Bowling  Alleys 72 

Brandreth  House 13 

Brevoort  House .....20,144 

Bridgeport 303 

Bridges  166 

Brighton  Beach  Hotel —      63 

Brighton  Beach        63 

Brighton  Beach  Race  Track 72,    25 

Broadway     10 

Broadway  Central  Hotel   13 

Broadway  Tabernacle  (Music) 267 

Broadway  Tabernacle    267 

Broad*  ay  Theatre 20,    33 

Brokaw  Residence  ...   150 

Brokers  185 

Bronx  Park 27,    58 

Bronze  Work 124 

Bronx  River 27 

Biooklyn 287 

Brooklyn  Academy  of  Music 44 

Brooklyn  and  Brighton  Beach  R.  R. . . . . .  292 

Brooklyn.  Area  of 287 

Brooklyn  Bridge 12,166 

Brooklyn  Library 288 

Brooklyn  &  Rockaway  Beach  R.  R 292 

Brooklyn.  Population  of         2b7 

Brown's  "Extra"  (Painting) 188 

Brown's  '"Sunbeam  from  the  South"         188 

BrummeU,  A.  TT.,  Confectionery 367 

Brunswick,  Hotel 20 

Bryan  Building 139 

Bryant  Park  51 

Bryant,  Wm.  Cullen,  Bust  of 122 

Bucket  Shops  •  •  •  IfJ 

Buckingham  Hotel    24',?n 

Buildings  Department 159 

Building  Trades  Club  98 

Building  Trades  Unions 101 

Burdell,  Murder  of        H 

Burns,  Robert,  Statue  of 122 

Burnt  District,  The 21 

Business  Centres 184 


INDEX. 


3?5 


Cab  Company,  The  New  York 

Cab  Fares      

Cabs  and  Coaches 

Cable  Telegraph  Co's,  List  of  . 

Cable  Telegraph  Tariff 

Cafe  Savarin     

Californian  Horses 

Calumet  Club  

Calvary  Cemetery  

Calvary  Church 

Canarsie  Landing 

Canarsie  Village 

Cancer  Hospital,  The,  N.  Y    . 
Cardinal  McUloskey,  Tomb  of. 

Carmansville 

Carmel  Reservoir    ... 

Carnegie  Music  Hall 

"Carnivals,"  Musical 

Carousal,  The 

Casino,  The 20,23,34, 

Casino  (Restaurant) 

Castle  Garden,  Fort 

Castle  Williams .     . .  

Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Divine 

Catharine  Street  Market 

Catholic  Club 

Catholic  Protectory 

Cemeteries  and  Crematories 

Cemetery  of  the  Evergreens  

Central  American  Idols 

Central  Avenue 

Central  Bridge  

Central  Building     

Central  Congregational  Church  (Music). 

Central  Islip 

Central  Labor  Union 

Central  Market 

Central  Park 25,  51, 

Central  Park,  Drives  in 

Central  Park,  Gates  to 

Central  Turnverein .  

Centre  of  Fashionable  Life 

Centre  Market 

Century  Club 95,  113, 

Century  Magazine      

Ceramics,  Oriental     . . 

Cercle  Francais  de  L'Harmonie    

Cervantes,  Bust  of    

Chamber  of  Commerce 113, 

Chamberlain,  The  City 

Charities  Building 

Charities  and  Correction,  Dept  of...  158, 

Charity,  '  -ost  of 

Charities  Organization  Society 

Charities  of  New  Y  ork  City 

Chatham  National  Bank 

Chatham  Square 

Cnatauqua ....     

Chelsea  Apartment  House 

Chelsea  Village 

Chickering  Hall 3-i, 

Children's  Aid  Society 

Children's  Hospital 

China 

China  Importers 

Chinese  Quarter    

Cuoirs,  Surpliced .     + ..     . . 

Cholera  Fishing  Banks.     

Choral  Service 

Chorus  Society,  N.  Y 


360 
318 
318 
215 
21 5 
139 


278 
140 

292 
292 

249 
17 
23 


.34.46,  150 


63 

148 

53 

4 

165 

149 

107 

89 

250 

27^ 

279 

114 

59 

100 

110 

207 

294 

100 

197 

170 

58 

53 

98 

24 

197 

148 

243 

115 

89 

122 

200 

155 

145 

245 

244 

245 

154 

139 

10 

300 

21 

21 

145 

257 

240 

191 

185 

15 

203 

62 

263 

104 


Christ  Cnurch 151 

Christmas  Time  on  the  StocK  Excliauge  I8u 

Christmas  in  the  Markets 196 

Chrysanthemum  Show,  The 48 

Churches,  Architecture  of 262 

Church  Choral  Society 104 

Church  Club 89 

Churches,  Number  of 262 

Cnurch  of  Ascension      265 

Church  of  St.  Agnes  (R.  C.) 266 

Church  of  St.  Mary,  the  Virgin 204 

Church  of  the  Strangers  (.Music) *67 

Cnurchman,  The 270 

Church  Music 262,  267 

Church  Property,  Value  of 262 

Churches,  Seating  Capacity  of 262 

Cigars,  Importers  of —  185 

Cigar  Makers 186 

City  Cemetery 278 

City  Club 96 

City  Court 161 

City  Hall  (Old) 9 

City  Hail  12,140 

City  Hall  Park U,    56 

Cicy  Hall,  Brooklyn 288 

City  Insane  Asylum .246 

City  Mission  and  Tract  Society 100 

Civil  Justices  161 

Clara  Morris' Villa  27 

Claremont  Park 58 

Clarke,  Thomas  B 116 

Clearing  House  Assoc'n,  The  N.  Y. .  .170,  178 

Cleopatra's  Needle  55, 151 

Clergy  Club 89 

Climate,  Advantages  of 2 

Clifton  Race  Track  79 

Clifton,  Sta ten  Island 297 

Clinton,  Gov.  George's  Pew 269 

Clinton  Market 197 

Clinton  Hall 144 

Clothiers,  Retail 365 

Clothiers,  Wholesale    184 

Clothing,  Ready  made 365 

Clubs,  Effect  of  on  Art 112 

Clubs  and  Societies  88 

Coach  Fares 318 

Coaching  Club  73,    89 

Coastwise  Steamboat  Lines 341 

Coffee  Exchange 200 

Coleman  House 20 

collect  Pond,  The 14 

Collector  of  Customs 173 

Colleges  and  Schools 226 

College  Point        62,294 

College  of  the  City  of  New  York 1 3,  2  21 

College  of  Pharmacy 22s 

Collegiate  Church 152 

Collyer,  Rev.  Robert's  Church  (Music). .  267 

Colonial  Club 90 

Colonial  Club  Building 151 

Colonies,  First  Congress  of 4 

Columbia  College 22 

Columbia  College 223 

Columbia  College  (School  of  A  rts) 224 

Columbia  College  (New  Buildings) 149 

Columbia  Building 136 

Columbia  University 149 

Columbus  Celebration 125 

Columbus,  Christopher,  Statue  of 121 

Columbus  Market 197 


370 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 


«72, 


.10. 


Columbus  Theatre 

Columbia  Theatre,  Brooklyn 

Commerce— Symbolical  Statue 

Commercial  Advertiser 

Commuhipaw 

Committee  of  Safety 

Common  Fleas  Court 

Commons,  The— Central  Park  . . 

Commonwealth  Club 

Comptroller,  The 

Coney  Island 

Coney  Island  Creek 

Confectionery,  Fine 

Confidence  Men  

Congregational  Churches 

Conlin's  Shouting  Gal  iery   

Connecticut  Suburban  Towns. . . 

Conspiracy  Law  

Consolidated  Exchange,  The 

Continental  Express  Companies 

Contmental  Hotel 

Contract  Prison  Labor  L  aw 

Cooper  Institute  Art  Schools 

Cooper,  Peter 17, 

Cooper,  Peter,  Statue  ot 

Cooper  Union 17, 

Cooper  Union  Park 

Corinthian  Mosquito  Fleet 

Corinthian  Yacht  Club 

Corlear's  Hook 

Corn  wallis  Heights 

Coroners 

Cosmopolitan  Magazine 

Cotton  Exchange 8, 136, 

Counsel  to  the  Corporation,  The 

County  Clerk 

Courier  des  Etats  Unis,  Le 

Court  House,  Brooklyn 

Court  House,  County '. . 

Court  of  Appeals 

Court  of  Arbitration 

Court  Lafayette  of  Ancient  Foresters! ! '. 

Cox,  S.  S.,  Statue  of 

Cranford,  N.  J "... 

Credit,  The  City's 

Cregier's  Tavern 

Cremation  Company,  U.  S 

Crematories 

Cremation,  Arrangements  for 

Crescent  Athletic  Club 

Cricket 

Cricket  Clubs 

Cricket      League,      The     Metropolitan 

District  

Criminal  ( 'ourts  Building 14, 

Criterion  Theatre,  Brooklyn 

Croquet  

Croton  Aqueduct 23, 

Croton  Reservoir 

Croton  River  Dam 

Crotona  Park  27, 

Custom  House  8, 136, 137, 164, 

Custom  House  (New)  

Customs  Regulations 

Cyclorama  Building 

Cy  priote  Relics  

Cypress  Hills  Cemetery 


34 

45 

1*2 

240 
304 
154 
161 
54 
97 
155 

Gi 

367 

7 

27.3 

J2 

303 
101 

I*1 

20 

110 

230 

19 

119 

144 

56 

76 

75 

7 

66 

160 

243 

199 

155 

160 

5>40 

288 

141 

161 

200 

103 

119 

304 


286 

2S5 

2K6 

86 

81 

82 

81 
142 

45 

82 
168 

26 
169 

5i3 
172 
186 
810 

44 
111 
279 


Dakota  Flats 151 


Daly's  Theatre 20,  34, 

Daniel's 

Daniel  Webster,  Marriage  of 

Danbury 

Dauntless  Rowing  Club 

Day  Nurseries 

Dead  Rabbits,  The  

Deaf  and  Dumb,  Institution  for  the 

Deaf  Mutes,  Institution  for 

Decorative  Art,  Society  of 

Deeds,  Register  of    

Defenses  

De  La  Salle  Institute 

Delaware  and  Lackawanna  Building: 

Delmonico's  Restaurant 20, 147, 

Delmonico's  (down  town)  8, 

Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  Club     

Delta  Psi  Club 

Democratic  Club 

Demilt  Dispensary 

Denning's 

Depew,  Chauncy  M  

Dermatological  Society,  N.  Y 

Deut~;cher  Verein  •  •    

De  Vinne  Printing  House 

De  Vere,  Miss  Clementine  (Soloist) 

Dwelling  Houses  in  the  city,  Number  of. 

Dexter  Park  

Diana,  Statue  of      

Dining  Clubs 

Diocesan  House  

Directory  of  Streets 343, 

Disciples  of  Christ,  Church 

Disinfecting  Corps 

Dispensaries 

District  Attorney 

District  Civil  Court    

Dobb's  Ferry 66, 

Docks  

Dock  Board 

Docks,  Department   of 

Dock  Improvement 

Doctors  Mob,  The 

Dodge,  Wm.  E.,  Statue  of 

Doris's  Museum 

Down  Town  Association    

Drake's  Magazine 

Drexel  Building  8, 

I  linking  Fountains 

Drinking  Fountain,  Bronze 

Drives 

Driving 

DrivingClub,  The  N.  Y 

Druggists,   Retail  

Dry  Dock  Savings  Bank 

Dry   Dock  Village 

Dry  Goods,  Delivery  of 

Dry  Goods  Jobbers 

Dry  Goods.  Retail  Dealers 

Dutch  Reformed  Church 

Dutch  Reformed  Church  (First) 

Dutch  Reformed  Churches  (Music  in). . 

Du  Vi vier  &  Co 

Dyker's  Beach,  Battery  on , 


14? 

187 

6 

303 

73 
257 

15 
256 
256 
112 
160 
165 
227 
8 
317 
136 


251 
187 

24 
107 

90 

143 

266 

1 

72 
120 

97 
270 
356 
274 
252 
251 
160 
161 
300 
170 
158 
154 

13 

121 

44 

97 

243 

138 

120 

120 

58 

79 

79 

368 

144 

16 

190 

)84 

185 


870 
165 


Eagles  and  Goat,  Statuary  Group 123 

East  Drive,  The 25 

Eastern  District,  Brooklyn 288 

Eastern  Park 72 

East  Hampton     .   294 


INDEX. 


East  River  Bridge 

East  River  Park 

Eden  Musee. .  sil, 

Edison  Building:     .    

Educational  Institutions 

Effecoof  Clubs  on  Art 

Egyptian  Antiquities 107, 

Enrich  Bros 

Eighth  Avenue  Bridge 

Eighth  Regiment  Armory 

Eighth  Regimeut 

Eighth  Street  Theatre 

Electric  Club     

Electrical  Apparatus,  Dealers  in 

Elevated  Rail  Roads,  Brooklyn    

Elizabeth 

Elks, Benevolent  and  Protective  Order  of 

Elm  Park ...   ..... 

Elysian  Fields 

Emmett,  Robert,  Obelisk  to 

Emmet,  Thomas  Addis      

Emperor  of  Germany    

Empire  Theatre  . . 

Engineers'  Club  

Englewood   

Engraving  on  Wood  

Episcopal  Cathedral 

Equitable  Building 11, 

Esplanade,  The 

Essex  Market  ( Old) « 

Etching  Club,  N.  Y 46. 

Ethical  Culture,  Society's  Works 

European  Plan  Hotels 

Evening  Post  Building  — 

Exchanges 

Exchange  for  Woman's  Work 

Exchanges,  List  of 

Excise,  Commissioners  of 

Ex-Convicts'  Home  

Excursions  and  Resorts  

Exhibition,  Piano     

Express  Companies  

Expresses  

Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  The  N.  Y 


1GG 

56 

35 

138 

220 

112 

1.4 

187 

166 

15<J 

163 

35 

90 

184 

291 

304 

103 

27 

83 

119 

269 

130 

35 

90 

304 

113 

270 

138 

55 

16 

111 

259 

315 

139 

198 

112 

200 

161 

257 

50 

1*5 

185 

320 

250 


Fairfield 303 

"Fakirs" 68 

Falconer— Statue 123 

Fall  River  Line  of  Steamboats 334 

Farmers' Loan  and  Trust  Co  8 

Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust  Building 136 

Farragut,  Statue  of  120 

Far  Rockaway  ,  64 

Federal  Building,  Brooklyn 289 

Federal  Courts  and  Offices 164 

Federal  Hall  174 

Female  Guardian  Society  and  Home  for 
the  Friendless 258 


Fencers'  Club 

Ferries 

Field,  Cyrus  W ", 

Field,  Da.idU 

Fields,  The  

Fifth  Avenue  .        

Fifth  Avenue  Art  Gallery 

Fifth  Avenue  Hotel 

Fifth  Ave.  Presbyterian  Church 

Fifth  Ave.  Theatre 


90 


19, 


56 
19 
12 
60 

46 
.20,  146 
...  2C6 

36 


11, 


Financial  Institutions 172,  185 


Fine  Arts,  The 

Fine  Arts,  Dealers  in 

Fine  Arts  Society's  Building 

Fire  Department 

Fire  Extinguishers,  Automatic 

First  Battery 

First  Lutheran  Church  

Fish  Market  (Blackford's) 

Five  Points,  The     

Five  Points  House  of  Industry 14, 

Five  Points  Mission 

Five  Points  Park 

Flatbush 

Floating  Hospital 

Florists'  Club,  The  New  York 

Flower  Markets 

Flower  Shows 

Flushing  

Fleetwood  Park        

Food,  Consumption  of     

Ford  ham 27, 

Foreign  Fruit  Exchange 

Ford  ham  Heights 

Fordham  Reception  Hospital 

Food  Exposition 

Football 

Foreign  Consuls     

Foreign  Express  Companies,  Principal.. 

Forest's  Folly 

Forum,  The      

Fort  Columbus 

Fort  George    . .  .28 

Fort  Hamilton  65,  li>5 

Fort  Lafayette 

Fort  Lee     .     65, 

Fort  Schuyler 

Fort  Wadsworth,  S.  1 165, 

Fort  Wood 

Foundling  Hospital,  The  N.  Y        

Fourth  and  Madison  Avenue  Bri-lge 

Fourth  Avenue  Improvement        

Fourteenth  Street  Music  Hall 

Fourteenth  Street  Theatre  

Frank  Leslie's  Weekly  

Franklin,  Benjamin,  Statue  of        

Free  Circulating  Library 

Free  Lodgings 

Free  Meals     

French  Quarter,  The      

French  Sunday  Resorts 

Frtundschaft  Club 

Friends'  (Quakers) 272, 

Friendship  Club 

Friends'  Meeting  House  and  Seminary . . 

Fruit  and  Produce  Jobbers 

Fulton  Club      

Fulton  Market 140, 

Furniture  Stores 


377 

,  109 
116 

.  150 

193 

lbd 

10 

,  197 

14 

,  260 

14 

56 

294 

251 

48 

197 

48 

294 

80 

198 

300 

200 

27 

246 

48 

73 

311 

321 

27 

243 

165 

,65 

294 

165 

304 

165 

298 

165 

255 

166 

167 

44 

36 

243 

119 

235 

257 

257 

18 

28 

90 

274 

150 

18 

185 

97 

196 

185 


Gallatin  Bank 138 

Garden  City  295 

Garden  Theatre  36 

Garibaldi,  Statue  of 119 

Gednay  House  20 

German  Club 90 

German  Conservatory  of  Music        232 

merman  Hospital  and  Dispensary        . . .  249 

General  Sessions  Court  .  161 

General  Theological  Seminary 229 

(ieographical  Society,  American 105 


3T8 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE   TO   NEW  YORK. 


George,  Henry 101 

"Gerry's  Society1' 102 

Gilsey  House 20 

Glass  Importers IPd 

Glassware 191 

Gleu  Island 65 

Glencove  294 

GlenocoGlen 67 

Godey  s  Magazine f  43 

Gaelic  Socieiy 100 

Golden  Hill u 

Good  Samaritan  Dispensary 252 

Good  Te  mplars 103 

Goose  Market,  The 16 

Gotham  Art  Institute 231 

Gottheil,  Dr.'s  Temple  (Music) 207 

Gould,  Jay's  Fall 10 

Gould's,  Jay,  Home 25 

Goupil's  Art  Gallery 46 

Government 154 

Government  or  Official  Aid 245 

Government  Signal  Service 213 

Governor's  Island  165 

Governor's  Room 12 

Grace  Church  (Old) 10 

Grace  Church 13.  144.  264 

Gramercy  Park 19,    56 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 103 

Grand  Central  Station 27,  148 

Grand  Conservatory  of  Music 5*32 

Grand  Hotel 20 

Grand  Houses  of  Wealthy  Men 20 

Grand  Opera  House sil,    37 

Grand  Opera  House,  Brooklyn 45 

Grand  Union  Hotel 148 

Grange,  The,  Alex.  Hamilton's  Home. . .    23 
Grant,  G  n.  U.  S.  (Former  Home  ol) . . . .     25 

Grant  City,  L.  1 298 

Grant's  Tomb        . .     23,  153 

"Gratuity  Fund1'  of  Stock  Exchange. ..  180 

Gravesend  Bay 62 

Gravesend  Race  Track 77,  78 

Great  South  Beach 62 

Greeley,  Horace,  Statue  of 

Greenwich  Savings  Bank 

Greenwich  Village 

Greenwood  Cemetery 

Greenwood  Cemetery,  Monuments  in . . 

Greenwood  Lake 

Grocers'  Exposition,  The  Retail 

Grocers,  Wholesale 

Grolier  Club 95,  113 

Grover  Cleveland 's  Office , 

Guttenberg 

Guttenburg  Race  Track  

Gymnasium,  Dr.  Sargent's 


119 

145 

18 

279 

282 

65 

49 

184 

147 

8 

304 

79 

71 

305 
365 
141 

289 


Hackensack 

Hacket,  Carhart  &  Co 

Hall  of  Records  

Hall  of  Record,  Brooklyn 

Hall,  Rev.  Dr.  John  25 

Hall,  Rev.  Dr.  John's,  Presbyt'n  Church  150 

.  122 
.  3(56 
121 
295 
.  81 
.    81 


Halleck,  Fitz  -Greene,  Statue  of 
Hamburg  American  Packet  Co 
Hamilton.  Alexander,  Statue  of 

Hamp  on 

Hand  Ball 

Hand  Ball  Club,  Brooklyn 


Hanan  &  Sons 142 

Handkerchiefs  and  Linen  Goods 191 

Hanover  Square 184 

Harbors,  Rivers  and  Islands    306 

Harbor,  Supervisor  of,  The 164 

Harbor,  Trip  around  the  306 

Hardman  Hall 37 

Hardware  and  Metals,  Dealers  184 

Harlem  Art  Association 231 

Harlem  Club CO,  152 

Harlem  Concert  Hall 44 

Harlem  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat  Infirmary.  250 

Harlem  Flats 24,  26 

Harlem's  Great  Thoroughfare 26 

Harlem  Opera  House 37 

Harlem  Railroad 27 

Harlem  River  i,  anal 1?1 

Harlem  River,  Trip  up  The 308 

Harlem  Rowing  Club 73 

Harmonie  Club 90 

Harness 357,  300 

Harper  and  Brothers 140 

Harper's  Bazaar 243 

Harper's  Magazine 243 

Harper's  Weekly «t3 

Harrigan's  Theatre 37 

Harry  Hill's  Dance  House 17 

Harry  Miner's  Theatre 38 

Harsenville 22 

Harvard  Club 91 

Hastiugs-on-the-Hudson 300 

Hatters 184 

Havermeyer  Building  139 

Havermeyer,  Henry  O 116 

Haverstraw 300 

Hay's  Building  140 

•'Hazing" 180 

Healih  Department  Headquarters 17 

Health  Department   157 

Health  Officer 162 

Hebrew  Free  School  Association 259 

Hebrew  Institute 2*7 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum 23 

Hebrews 272 

Hebrew  Synagogues 266,  274 

Hebrew  Technical  Insi  itute   227 

Helen  Jewett,  Murder  of 13 

Henry  George 101 

Herald  Building 12,  139 

Herald,  The  N.  Y 2:38 

Herrmann's  Theatre 38 

Hester  Street 198 

Hewitt,  Abram  S 19 

High  Bridge 23,  166,  167 

High  Bridge  Park  27,    56 

Hirsch  Fund 2C0 

Historic  Interest,  Places  of 4 

Historical  Society's  Building 144 

Historical  Society,  N.  Y 40,  107,  109,  113 

Hoboken 305 

Hoe,  R.  &  Co $239 

Hoffman  House 20,  364 

Holland  House 138,  147 

Holland  Society  100 

Holland  Trust  Building 188 

Holly,  Colossal  Bust  of 119 

Holme's  Star  Theatre,  Brooklyn 45 

Holy  Trinity  (Harlem) /, S65 

Holy  Trinity  Church 152 

Homes  for  the  Aged  or  Destitute,  List  of.  253 


INDEX. 


379 


Homes  for  Aged  or  Infirm 253 

Home  of  the  Mission  of  the  Immacu- 
late Virgin 255 

Homoepathie  Hospital 246 

Horncepathic  Meuical  Society 106 

Horseback  Riding 72 

Horse-Racing 76 

Horse  Sbow 48 

Hospitals    for   Women    and   Children, 

List  of 251 

Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled. . . .  250 

Hospitals,  General;   List  of 249 

Hospitals *4? 

Hospitals,  Special;  List  of 250 

Hospital,  The  Floating.   251 

Hotel  Bristol  *5 

Hotel  Centres 185 

Hotel  Imperial 20 

Hotels,  List  of 313 

Hotel  Marlborough 20,  36 i 

Hotel  Metropole  20 

Hotel  Normandie 20 

Hotels,  St.  Lorenz  ;  nd  Premier 363 

Hotel  Savoy 127,  150 

Hotel  Waldorf 24,  150 

Houses  of  Refuge 257 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd 257 

Hour  Rates  for  Cabs 319 

Hoyt  Buildin- 139 

HubbelJ,  Miss  Ida  W.  (The  Soprano)  ...  265 

Huner's  Museum 44 

Hudson  City 305 

Hudson  River  Steamboat  Lines 3:38,  339 

Hudson  River  Tunnel 167 

Hudson  River  Reports 66 

Humboldt,  Bust  of 122 

Huntington,  C.  P 24 

Huntington,  C.  P.,  Residence  of 150 

Hyde  &  Behman's  Theatre,  Brooklyn.. .    45 
Hydrographic  Office 199 

Illustrated  American 243 

Immigrant  Agencies 51 

Immigration,  Superintendent  or 164 

Imperial  Hotel 147 

Importers  and  Traders1  Club i>7 

Independent  Order  of  Oddfellows 103 

Indian  Hunter  and  Dog,  Statue  of 122 

Indoor  Amusements 29 

Inebriates'  Home 257 

Insurance  Club 97 

Internal  Revenue  Collectors"1  Offices 164 

Introduction 1 

Inwood 23 

Irish- American  Athletic  Club 86 

Irish  Girls,  Home  for 6 

Irvington 300 

Irving,  Washington,  Colossal  Bust  of. . .  121 

Isabella  Home  for  the  Aged 23 

Isabella  Heimath  Home 2."3 

Ivory  and  Bisque 191 


Jackson,  Win     

Jamaica  Bay 

James,  Fort 

Jefferson  Market  Court. 

Jefferson  Market        

Jews1  Market 


363 

68 

5 

143 

197 

198 


Jewelry  Trade 185 


Jewish  Theological  Seminary 229 

Jerome  or  Central  Ave 27 

Jerome,  Leonard 147 

JeromePark 27,    79 

Jersey  City 305 

Jersey  City  Opera  House 44 

Jews 272 

Jobbers  in  Dry  Goods 184 

Jockey  Clubs 76 

Jockey  Clubs,  List  of 77 

Joe  Thums' 73 

John  Street  Methodist  Church 11 

John  St.  Theatre,  Old  30 

Johnston,  John  Taylor 144 

Joss  Houses 15 

Journal  of  Commerce    240 

Judea 16 

Judge  (Illustrated  Weekly) 243 

Judge  Building 115 

Judicial  System  100 

Judson  Memorial  Church 14,  143 

Jumel  House,  The 23 

"Junior  Union  Club11 89 

Jurors,  Commissioners  of 161 

Juvenile  Asylum     24 

Juvenile   Asvlums  and  School  for  the 

Defective 254 

Juvenile  Asylum,  The  N.  Y 257 

Kennel  Club,  The  American 98 

Key  to  the  numbering  of  the  Avenues. . .  344 
Key  to  the  numbering  of  the  Streets. 343,  344 

Kings  County  Elevated  R    R 292 

King  of  Prussia's  Letters  Patent 130 

Kingsbridge a3 

Kingsbridge  Road 27 

Kit-Kat  Club 95, 113 

Knickerbocker  Club 91 

Knickerbocker  Tennis  Club 81 

Knigrhts  of  Honor 103 

Knights  of  Labor 100 

Knights  of  Pythias 103 

Knoedler's  Art  Gallery 46 

Koch's 187 

Kohut,  Dr.'s  Synagogue 267 

Koster  &  Bial's 21, 38 

"L'  Angelus" 116 

Labor,  American  Federation  of 100 

Labor  Organizations               100 

Ladies'  Club,  The  New  York 91 

Ladies' Deborah  Nursery  254 

Ladies'  Fuel  and  Aid  Society 259 

Ladies'  Home  Mission  Society  [M.  E.]. . .  259 

Lafayette,  Statue  of 120 

Lakes,  Central  Park 54 

Lakewood 305 

Lambs'  Club 91 

Lancashire  Building  139 

Larchmont 300 

Laryngolosrieal  Society,  N.  Y 107 

Lava  Beds,  The 21 

Lawrence,  Cyrus  J 116 

Lawrence,  Captain,  Monument  to 119 

Law  Libraries 236 

Law  School,  Columbia 224 

Law,  School  of  (University) 226 

Lawyers'  Club 97 

Lazarus  Collection  of  Miniatuies 115 


380 


THE  SUN'S   GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 


Leake  &  Watt's  Orphan  Asylum 22,  255 

Learned  and  Scientific  Societies  105 

Leather  Manufacturers 184 

Leather  Manufacturers;'  Bank 138 

Le  Boutillier's 187 

Lectures,  Free  Course  of  220 

Lee  Av.\  Academy  Theatre,  Brooklyn  . .    45 

Leggat  Bros.,  Booksellers 2  ,7 

Legion  of  Honor,  American    10:5 

Lenox  Library  .  .25,  46,  109, 114,  115,  150,  234 

Lenox  Lyceum 38 

Lexington  Avenue  Opera  House   38 

Liberty  Enlightening  the  World 113 

LibertyEnligntening  the  World,Statuc  of  135 

Liberty,  Statue  of G2 

Libraries,  List  of  Important 236 

Libraries,  I\jinor <3Q 

Libraries,  Public i.3  J 

Liederkranz  Club K 

Liederkranz  Society  Building 151 

"  Light  Hat  Day  »' 179 

Life  (Llustrated  Weekly) 243 

Lif.)  Insurance  Companies 183 

Life's  Fresh  Air  Fund 260 

Life  Saving  Service,  Inspector's  Office. .  164 

Linden  Hill  Cemetery  283 

Linden  Blood  Horse  Association 79 

Linden  Race  Track 79 

Lincoln  Safe  Deposit  Building 148 

Lincoln,  Statue  of 120 

Lion  Park 44 

Liquor  Licenses lfcl 

Literary  and  Artistic  Clubs 94 

4 ' Little-Church- Around-the-Corner".  .24,  270 

Little  Italy 26 

Liverpool,  London  fe  Globe  Building 139 

Livery  Stables 320 

Livingston 298 

Loan  Commi.  sioners 164 

London  Theatre 38 

Long  Acre  Square 20 

Long  B^ach 66 

Long  Island 2:3 

Long  Island  City 295 

Long  Island  City  and  Weehaw ken  Tun- 
nel, Proposed 168 

Long  Island  Historical  Sc  ciety 289 

Long  Island  North  Sboie 296 

Long  Island  Suburban  Towns 296 

L.  I.  Steamboat  Sounds 34 1 

Lord  &  Taylor's 20,  187 

Lotos  Club 95,  145 

Loyal  Legion  of  the  U.  S 103 

Ludlow  St.  Jail 16 

Luqueer,  K.  S.  &  Co 357 

Lutheran  Cemetery 282 

Lutheran  Churches 270,  275 

Lyceum  Opera  House 44 

Lyceum  Theatre 38 

Lyric  Hall 44 

Mall,  The 25,  54 

Mapel  Grove  Cemetery 2H2 

Mail  Order  Department  (Macy's) 190 

Mail  and  Express,  The 240 

Mail  Matter,  Dutiable 909 

Mail  Matter,  Foreign 208 

Mail  Matter,  Domestic 206 

Mailing  Facilities 203 

Mail  and  Express  Building 139 


Manhattan  Club 96 

Manhattan  Beach 63,  64 

Manhattau  Square 57 

Manhattan  Field 72,  73 

Manhattan  Club 24,  147 

Manhattan  Athletic  Club 73,  84,  148 

Manhattan  ville 23 

McCreery 's 187 

McGown's  Pass  Tavern 56 

Mclntyre  Building 145 

McKim,  Mead  &  White 117 

McComb's  Dam  Bridge 27,  166,  107 

McComb  House 10 

IVlacpelah 282 

Macpelah  Cemetery 282 

Macy's  Store 18,  187 

Macy,  R.  H.  &  Co 187,  189 

Machinery,  Dealers  in 184 

Madison  Square  Theatre 39 

Madison  Square  Garden 39,  46, 146 

Madison  Square 19,  20,  57, 120,  146 

Magazines,  The  effect  of  on  Art 113 

Manhattan  Opera  House 40 

Manhattan  Athletic  Club  Theatre 44 

Manhattan  (Jo's    Building 138 

Manhattan  College 227 

Manuseript  Club 90 

Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital 250 

Manhattan  Savings  Institution 142 

Manhattan  Typewriting  Co 371 

Manufacturers    of    Pianofortes    to   the 

Queen 128 

Manhattan  Island 16 

Manufactures 185 

Mamie  Cemetery 283 

Maritime  Exchange 199 

Markets 196 

Market  and  Fulton  Bank 140 

Marquand  Collection  of  Paintings 114 

Mary  Rogers,  Murder  of 13 

Masons,  Free  and  Accepted 103 

Masonic  Temple   21,  14? 

Mathematical  Society 106 

Mauch  Chunk 66 

Mayor,  The 154 

Mayor's  Office 12 

Mazzini,  Bronze  Bust  of 121 

Means  of  Communication 202 

Mechanics  and  Tiadesinen,  Society  of..  103 

Medical  Colleges 228 

Medical  Colleges,  List  of 228 

Medical  Libraries,  The  Principal 236 

Medical  and  Surgical  Society,  N.  Y 107 

Medical  Society,  N.  Y.  County 107 

Medical  Journal  Association i06 

Medical  Service,  Free  Night 247 

Medicine  School  of  (University) 226 

Medico- Historical  Society,  N.  Y 107 

Medico- Legal  Society 106 

Melro.  e ~7 

Menagerie,  The 55 

Mendelssohn  Glee  Club 98 

Menli  Park 3(5 

Menrological    Society,  N.  Y 108 

Mercantile  Library,  The 233 

Mercantile  Exchange 199 

Mercantile  Library  Association 17 

Mercantile  Library 144 

Merchants'  Central  Clu' i 97 

Messenger  Offices,  List  of 211 


INDEX. 


381 


Messenger  Rates 210 

Messenger  Service 210 

Meteorological  Observatory,  The 55 

Methodist  Episcopal  Churches 275 

Methodist  Camp  Meeting 67 

Methodist  Book  Concern 145 

Methodist  Churches 271 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  25, 109. 114.  151 

Metropolitan  Opera  House 20,  40,  148 

Metropolitan  Hotel 13,    18 

Metropolitan  Building 146 

Metropolitan  Club .25,    91 

Metropolitan  Club  *.  Hebrew) 91 

Metropolitan  Opera  House 4C 

Metropolis  Law  School 228 

Metropolitan  College  of  Music 231 

Metropolitan  Telephone  and  Telegraph 

Co 216.  218,  219 

Metropolitan  Insurance  Co.  Building. .  .     19 

Microscopical  Society,  American 105 

Middle  Drive,  The 25 

Military  Bureaux 164 

Military  Depot,  U.  S 7 

Millionares'  Club 25 

Mills  Building 8,  1-58 

Millinery  Parlo.-  (Ridley's) 193 

Millinery,  Wholesale  House 184 

Miner's  Eighth  Ave.  Theatre 41 

Miscellaneous  Clubs 98 

Miscellaneous  Churches 277 

Money  Telegraph  Order  System 3>2 

Money,  Facilities  for  Transmitting 321 

Money  Orders  (.Domestic) 209 

Money  Orders  <  Foreign; 209 

Mongomery.  Gen.  Rich.,  Tomb  of 269 

Monmouth  Park 77,    78 

Monmouth  Beach 67 

Moore,  Thomas,  Bast  of 122 

Montauk  Point i;95 

Montgomery's  Tomb 11 

Morgue,  The  N.  Y 247 

Mornmgside  Park 26,    57 

Morning  Journal 2.i8 

Morris  Park  Race  Course 27 

Morris  Park 77,    78 

Morrisania 27 

Morse  Building 12 

Morse,  Statue  of 122 

Morton  Building 138 

Mosholu 27 

Mothers,  Advice  to 371 

Mott  Haven 27 

Mott  Haven  Games 74 

Mott  Haven  Station 152 

Mount  Morris  Square 57 

Mount  Morris  Theatre 41 

Mount  Hope  Cemetery 283 

Mount  Olivet  Cemetery 283 

Mount  Neboh  Cemetery 283 

Mount  St.  Vincent  Academy 87,  2.7 

Mount  Sinai  Hospital 249 

Mourning  Goods 369,  3T0 

Mummies,  Collection  of 1 14 

Municipal  Building 238 

Mural  Paintings 123 

Muiderers1  Block 17 

Murray  Hill  Hotel 148 

Murray  Hill 24 

Murray  Family 24 

Music  in  the  Churches 262 


Music  Club 91 

Musical  Organizations 104 

Musical  Instruments,  Collection  of 114 

Music— Symbolical  Statue 122 

Music  Schools *3l 

Museum  of  Natural  History 151,  236 

M  useum  of  Art,  The  Metropolitan 55 

Musurgia 104 

Mutual  Life  Building 11,  139 

Mutual  District  Telegraph  Company 215 

National  Banks 182 

Nathan,  Benjamin,  Murder  of 20 

National  Academy  of  Design 46 

National  Bank  Examiner 164 

National  Conservatory  of  Music 231 

National  Guard 163 

National  Theatre 41 

Natural  History,  Am.  Mus.  of 48, 157,  236 

Nautical  School 221 

Nautilus  Rowing  Club 73 

Naval  Office 173 

Navarro  Flats 150 

Navesink  Highland 67 

Navy  Yard,  Brooklyn 164,  290 

Neptune  Yacht  Club   75 

Newark 305 

New  Brighton,  S.  1 298 

New  Brunswick 306 

Newburgh 66 

New  Club 92 

New  Dorp,  S.  1 295 

New  England  Society 102 

New  Jersey  Suburban  Towns 303 

New  Lyceum  Theatre.  Brooklyn 45 

New  Netherlands  Hotel    150 

New  Rochelle 301 

New  Street 179 

Newtown 290 

News  Agencies 240 

Newsboys 241 

News  Companies,  List  of 241 

News  Gathering  Facilities 241 

Newspaper  Offices 185 

Newspapers  and  Periodicals 238 

Newspapers  in  Foreign  Languages 242 

Newspapers,  Means  of  Distribution 241 

Newspapers,  Production  of 238 

Newspapers.  Range  of,  Influence  of 238 

News,  The  Daily 238 

New  York  Athletic  Club 83,  84,  149 

New  York  Bay  Cemetery,  The 283 

New  York  Bible  Society 102 

New  York  Cab  Company 360 

New  York  Club 9„» 

New  York  Club  House u0 

New  York  College  of  Music 231 

New  York  Dispensary 251 

New  York  Historical  Society 17 

New  York  Hospital 145,  247,  250 

New  York  Hotel 13 

New  York  Infirmary  for  Women,  The. . .  252 

New  York  Law  School 227 

New  York  Life  Ins.  Co.  Building 13,  142 

New  York  Society  Library 234 

New  York  Yacht  Club 74 

Niagara  Falls  Panorama 44 

Niblo's  Theatre 13,    41 

Nineteenth  Century  Club 99 

Ninth  Regiment 163 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 


Norcross's  Attack  upon  Russel  Sage —    10 

Normal  College 151,  2*1 

Norton's  Point 63 

North  American  Review 243 

North-Eastern  Dispensary *51 

North -Western  Dispensary 251 

Norwalk 303 

Nurseries,  Day 257 

Nurses,  Schools  for 252 

Nyack 301 

Obelisk,  The 26,  5'.  151 

Obstetrical  Society,  N.  Y 108 

Ocean  Grove 67 

Ocean  Park  Way 60 

Ocean  Steamship  Lines 336 

Odd  Fellows 103 

Office  Buildings 201 

Official  Courtesies 310 

Ohio  Society 94 

Old  Colony  Steamboat  Company 334 

Oldest  Building  in  ^ew  York 7 

Old  Villages 27 

Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Institute. 250 

Ophthalmalogical  Society,  N.  Y 108 

Orange 306 

Orange  Riot,  The 22 

Oratorio  Society 102 

Orphan  Asylum  (Colored) 254 

Orphan  Asylum  for  Females,  R.  C 2o5 

Orphan  Asylum  for  Males,  R.  C 255 

Orphan  Asylum,  Hebrew 254 

Orphan    Asylum,     Hebrew     Guardian 

Society's 257 

Orphan  Asylums,  List  of 255 

Ottenberg,  S.  &  Bros 185 

Outing,  Magazine 243 

Oyer  and  Terminer  Court 161 

"Paddy's  Market" 197 

Paintings,  Private  Collection  of 116 

Paintings,  Public 113 

Palisades,  The 307 

Palmer's  Theatre 20,  41,  147 

Paper  Dealers 164 

"Paradise  Park" 56 

Park  &  Tilford 20 

Park  Avenue  Hotel - 147 

Park  Avenue  Piano  Factory 128 

Park  Bank  Building 12 

Parkhurst's,  Dr.,  Church  19,  146 

Park  Menagerie 25 

Parks 50,  170 

Parks,  Department  of  Public 158 

Park  Theatre 41 

Park  Theatre,  Old 30 

Parkway  Driving  Club 50 

Passaic  Agri  ultural  Society 79 

Pastel,  Society  of  Painters  in 112 

Pasteur  Institute,  The  N.  Y *50 

Pastime  Athletic  Association 86 

Pathological  Society,  N.  Y 10Q 

Paterson 3o6 

Patria  Club 99 

Paulist  Fathers1  Building 150 

Paving 169 

Paxton,  Rev.  Dr.  Jno.  R 2o6 

"Peddlers'  Calls" 198 

Peekskill 301 

Pelham  Bay  Park 58 


Pension  Agent 164 

Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts 109 

People's  Theatre 41 

Periodicals  and  Newspapers 238 

Periodic  Exhibitions 46 

Petroleum  and  Stock  Exchange 136 

Philanthropy  of  N.  Y 244 

Philharmonic  Orchestra 263 

Philharmonic  Society ^9.  103 

Physicians,  German  ,Scientiflc,Meeting  of  118 
Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Assoc'n,  N.  Y..  108 

Pianofortes,  Expert  Opinions  on 130 

Piano  Manufacturers 124 

Piano  Manufacturers'  Association 133 

Piano  Shipping 125 

Piano  Show  Rooms 125 

Piano  Warerooms 185 

Piermont 301 

Piers,  List  of 341,  342 

Pigeon  and  Poultry  Show 49 

Pilgrims'  Day 102 

Pilots.  Commissioners  of 162 

Plainfield 306 

Players'  Club  House 19 

Play  Grounds 73 

Playhouses 31 

Players',  The 92,  113 

Plaza  Hotel 25,  127,  150 

Plum  Island,  Battery  on 165 

Plymouth  Church 289 

Pneumatic  Tubes  in  R.  H.  Macy&Co's.  188 

Police  Department 156 

Police  Headquarters 17, 157 

Police  Justices 161 

Police  Precincts  and  Stations 157 

Political  Clubs 96 

Political  Science  Quarterly,  The 243 

Polo  Grounds 72 

Popular  Science  Monthly,  The 243 

Port  Guardians 162 

Port  Richmond,  S.  T 298 

Port  Wardens 102 

Postage  Rates,  Foreign 208 

Postal  Money  Order  System 209 

Postal  Notes 209 

Postal  Telegraph  Co 210 

Postal  Union,  Universal 208 

Postage  Rates  and  Conditions 206 

Post  Building 8 

Poste-Restante 203 

Post,  Evening 240 

Post  Office 140,  164,  202 

Post  Office  branch  Stations,  Location  of.  204 

Post  Office  Local  Deliveries 205 

Post  Office  Sub-Stations,  Location  of. . .  204 

Potter  Building 12,  141 

Pousrhkeepsie 66 

Poultry  and  Pigeon  Show 49 

Pratt  Institute.  Brooklyn 289 

Presbyterian  (  hurches 2?0,  275 

Presbyterian  Churches,  Lusie  in «66 

Presbyterian  Hospital 150,  248 

President's  House 5 

Press  Club 95 

Press  News  Association 240 

Press,  The 238 

Prince  of  Wales 128 

Printing  Presses 239 

Private  Schools 222 

Proctor's  Theatre !  .21,  42 


INDEX. 


Produce  Exchg.  bldg,  View  from  Tower.      4 

Produce  Exchange 113,  135,  199 

Prog i  ess  Club 25 

Prog;  ess  Club  [Hebrew] Qi 

rrohibition  Park 68 

Prominent  Churches  and  Pastors 274 

Protestant  Episcopal  Churches 275 

Prominent  Men,  Homes  of 21 

Property,  Taxed 2 

Property,  Untaxed 2 

Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn 290 

P.  K.  Church 208 

Protestant  Episcopal  Cathedral. 22 

Protestant  Episcopal  Seminary 21 

Psi  Upsilon  Club 92 

Psych.cal  Research,  Society  of 108 

Public  Paintings 113 

Public  School  System 220 

Public  Works 165 

Public  Works,  Commissioners  of 156 

Publishing  Houses 185 

Publisher's  Department 357 

Pulitzer  Building 12 

Tuck  (Illustrated  Weekly) 243 

Quaker  Families 16 

Quakers,  The 18 

Quarantine 162 

Quarantine,  Commissioners  of 162 

Quartette  Choirs 266 

Quill  Club 97 

Queen's,  L.  1 295 

Quogue 295 

Racquet  Club 147 

Racquet  and  Tennis  Club 9i,  148 

Rah  way 306 

Railroads 323 

Radroad  Depots 323 

R  always,  Elevated,  Surface  and  Stt  am  325 

Railways  Leading  to  N.  Y 3  .'4 

Railways,  Street,  Cross-town  Lines 330 

Railways,  Street,  North  and  South  Lines  328 
Railways,  Surface,  Lines  and  Routes.  ..  327 

Rainsford,  Rev.  W.  S 19 

Ramble,  The 55 

Real  Estate  Exchange 199 

Recorder,  The 160,  238 

"Red  Horse  Inn-" 83 

Reform  Club 96 

Retormatories 256 

Reformatories,  Important  List  of 257 

Rerormed  Dutch  Churches 276 

Reformed  Presbyterians 2^0 

Reformed  Presbyterian  Church.,  s 276 

Registration,  Mail  Matter 208 

Register's  Office 12 

Reid,  Wbitelaw 25 

Religious  Paintings 123 

Renwick  Club 93 

Republican  Club 96 

Reservoirs 55 

Reservoirs  in  Central  Park 152,  168 

Reservoirs  and  Aqueducts it 8 

Resorts  and  Excursions 50 

Restaurants 316 

Retail  Coal  Exchange 200 

Review  of  Reviews,  The 243 

Reviews,  Reprints  of  British 243 

Rialto,  The 11 


Richmond,  S.  I '. .  898 

Riding  Academies 82 

Riding  Club 93 

Ridley,  Edward  &  Sons Ih7,  191 

Ridley  Bros 195 

Rilley's,  Means  or  Reaching 195 

Riker,  P.,  Son  &  Co.,  Druggists 36S 

Riverdale 27 

Riverside  Avenue 59 

Riverside  Drive 23 

Riverside  Hospital  for  Contagious  Dis- 
eases    247 

Riverside  Park   2  J,    57 

Robbins'  Noveity  Theatre,  Brooklyn  ...    45 

Roberts,  M.  O 116 

Rocka way  Beach   62,    68 

Rockefeller,  John  D 24 

Rockefeller,  William 116 

Rockland  i  emetery 284 

Rockland  Park 301 

Roman  Catholics 12,  273 

Roman  Catholic  Churches 276 

Roosevelt  Hospital,  The 218 

Roslyn,  L.  I 295 

Rowing  Clubs,  List  of 86 

Rubenstein  Club 104 

Russian  Baths 364 

Russians,  Poles  and  Jews 16 

Rutger's  Female  College 226 

Ryerson  &  Brown  (Cabs) 360 

Sacred  Heart  Convent 23 

Saddlery 357 

Sag  Harbor,  L.  1 296 

Sage,  Russell 25 

Sandy  Hook 165 

Salem  Fields  Cemetery 284 

Salmagundi  Club 96,  113 

Savings  Banks 183 

Savings  Banks  (Principal),  List  of 183 

Savoy  Hotel 25 

Schau's  Art  Galleries 46 

Scientific  and  Learned  Societies 105 

SchiHer,  Statue  of 122 

School  of  Medicine 225 

School  of  Mines  (Columbia) 224 

Schools  of  Music 231 

School  of  Pedagogy 226 

School  of  Political  Science 225 

Schools,  Private,  List  of 222 

Schools,  Public 220 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  Statue  of 122 

Scottish  American  Athletic  Club 86 

Scribner's  Magazine 243 

Seabright 69 

Seawanhaka  Corinthian  Yacht  Club 75 

Second  Avenue  Bridge 166 

Second  Battery 163 

Secret  Services  Offices 164 

Secret  and  Benevolent  Organizations. . .  1C3 

Seidl,  Anton,  Orchestra  of 48 

Seventh  Regiment 163 

Seventh  Regiment  Armory 150 

Seventh  Regiment  Club 93 

Seventy -first  Regiment 163 

Seward,  W.  M.,  Statue  of 120 

Sewerage 169 

Shakespeare,  Statue  of 122 

Sheepshead  Bav 62,    69 

Sheepshead  Bay  Race  Track 77,  78,    79 


384 


THE   SUN'S   GUIDE  TO   NEW  YORK. 


Shelter  Island,  L.  1 296 

Sheriff's  Office 160 

Shinnecock  Hills 296 

Shipping  Commissioner 164 

Siioj  and  Leather  l  auk 140 

Shohoia  Glen 69 

Shooting  Clubs 72 

Shopping  District 185 

Signal  and  Telegraph  Corps 163 

Silk  Importers 184 

Simpson,  Crawford  &  Simpson 187 

Simpson,  Mr.  (Grace  Church  Choir) 265 

Sing  Sing 301 

Sixty  -ninth  Regiment 163 

Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital 152 

Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital,  The  N.  Y 25u 

Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery i>84 

Snug  Harbor 299 

Social  Clubs 8b 

Socialists,  Anarchist  and  Shouters 16 

Society  of  American  Artists,  The  . .  .103,  110 

Society  of  Docorative  Art  Schools 231 

Societies  and  Clubs 88 

Society   for   Prevention  of  Cruelty   to 

Animals 99 

Society    for  Prevention  of  Cruelty    to 

Children 102 

Society  for  Prevention  of  Crime 103 

Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul 258 

Society  for  Suppression  of  Vice 102 

Sodom  Reservoir 169 

Soldiers,  Statue  of 122 

Somerville  Collection  of  Gems 115 

Sorosis 99 

Sons  of  Liberty 12 

Sons  of  Liberty 103 

South  Battery 165 

South  Beach 09 

South  Dutch  Church 9 

Southampton,  L.  1 296 

Southern  Boulevard 60 

Southern  Society 94 

Special  Delivery  Stamps 2(6 

Special  Belief  Fund 260 

Special  Se.-sions  Court 161 

Specialties  of  Painters 123 

Speedwells 80 

Sports  and  Athletics 70 

Spring  Lake 69 

Spuyten  Duyvil  23,    27 

Staats  Zeitung  Building Ill 

Siaats  Zeiturg,  The,  N.  Y 240 

Stadt  Huys 7 

Saint  Nicholas  Club 93 

Stamport 303 

Standard  Oil  Building 10,  136 

Standard  Theatre 42 

Stuplcton,  L  1 ii99 

Star  Theatre 14,    42 

Staten  Island 298 

Staten  Island  Athletic  Club b6 

Staten  Lland  Villages 299 

Statuary  in  Central  Park 121 

Statuary  Outside  Central  Park 117 

Statue  of  Liberty 62 

Steam  Vessel  Inspectors ..04 

Steamboats  on  the  Hudson  River 836 

Steamooats  on  L.  I.  Sound 310 

Steamboats  to  New  Jersey  Coast 840 

Steamer  Puritan  of  Fall  River  Line 835 


Steamships  to  Asiatic  Ports aS8 

Steamships  to  U.  S.  Ports J38 

.steamships  to  Canadian  Ports 338 

Steamships  to  British  Ports 336 

Steamships  to  N.  European  Ports 336 

Steamships  to  Mediterranean  Ports...   .  336 

Steamships  to  South  American  Ports 33? 

Steamships  to  Central  American  Ports. .  387 

Steamships  N.  J.  Fruit  Trade 335 

Steamsmps,  Rates  of  Passage  on 334 

Steamships  and  Steamboats c'63 

Steamships  Iransatlantic 366 

Steinway,  Charles  H 132 

Stein  way,  George  A 132 

Steinway,  Frederick  T 139 

Stein  way,  William 130,  1S2 

Steinway  &  Sons 124 

Steiuway  &  Sons,  History  of 132 

Steinway  Hall 18,  124 

Steinway 's  Piano  Factory 127 

Sterns 187 

Stetson,  Nahum 133 

Stevens  i  astie 30? 

Stewart  Building 13 

Stewart's  Marble  Palace 24 

Stewart's  Store 13 

Stock  Exchange   Membei  ship 180 

"S'ill  Hunt"— Statue 123 

Stockade,  Old  at  Chambers  Street 13 

Stock  Exchs  nge,  The 138,  178 

Stock  Exchange  Building 8 

Stock  Exchange  Clearing  House  System  181 

Strauss,  Nathan 188 

Strauss,  Isidore ' 188 

Streets,  Arrangemeut  of 343 

Street  Bridges 7 

Street  Cleaning 170 

Street  Cleaning,  Department 154,  158 

Street  Directory, 343,  345,  356 

Street  Illumination 170 

Street  Improvements 154 

Street  Improvements,  Commissioner  of .  156 

Streets,  Key  to  the  Numbering  of 343 

Street  Railways— North  and  Louth 326 

Studio  Buildings U7 

Stuy vesant  Sq  uare 18,    57 

Sturtevant  House 20 

St.  Agnes'  Chapel 264 

St.  Agnes'  Church 152 

St.  Anns'  Church,  (R.  C.) *66 

St.  Barnabas'  House 260 

St.  Bartholomew  a  Church 270 

St.  Bartholomew's  P.  E.  Church 265 

St  Cloud  Hotel 20 

St.  Denis  Hotel 14 

St.  Francis  Hospital 249 

St.  Francis  Xavier,  Church  or 145,  265 

St.  Francis  Xavier  "College sd26 

St.  George 299 

St.  George  Athletic  Association 86 

St.  George's  Church  (P.  E) 264 

St.  George's  Club 94 

St.  George's  Kpiscopal  Church 18 

St.  George's,  Old 269 

St.  Ignatius'  (P.  E  )  Church 264 

St.  James1  Hotel 20 

St.  John's  Chapel 264 

St.  John's  [M.  E.J  Church 266 

St.  John's  College 227 

St.  Joseph's  Home  253 


INDEX. 


385 


St.  Joseph's  Industrial  Home 254 

St.  Leo's  ( R.  C. ) 266 

St.  Louis  R.  C.  CoUege 227 

St  Luke's  Hospital 150,  248 

St.  Mark's  Church   17,  269 

St.  Mark's  in  the  Bowery x;65 

St.  Mary's  Lodging  House  for  Girls 259 

St.  Mary's  Park 58 

St.  Nicholas  Ave 27,    59 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral   17,  24, 149,  205 

St.  Paul's  Chapel 11,  268,  264,  269 

St.  Paul's  Church 139 

St.  Peter's  Church 12 

St.  Peter's  Church  (R  C.) 266 

St.  Thomas'  Episcopal  Church 149 

St.  Thomas'  Church,  P.  E 270 

Shorthand 371 

Stenography 371 

Sub-Treasury 8,  137, 164,  174 

Suburban  Resorts 61 

Suburbs 287 

Subways,  Electrical 170 

Sugar  House  Prison 11 

Summer  Excursions  for  the  Poor 260 

Summer  Homes  for  the  Poor 200 

Sun,  The 238 

Sun  Balding    12,  141 

Sun,  Evening 238 

Superior  Court 161 

Supreme  Court 161 

Surpliced  Choirs 263 

Surrogate 160 

Surveyor  of  the  Port 178 

Switchback  Railroad 66 

Swiss  Club 93 

Symphony  Society 29,  104 

Talmage's  Tabernacle 280 

Tammany  Hall 18 

Tammany  Hall  (The  Original) 12 

Tammany  Society,  or  Columbian  Order.      8 

Tappan 302 

Tarry  town 302 

Taxes  and  Assessment  Department 159 

Taxed  valuation  and  rate 2 

Telegraphic  Commercial  News  Dep't  ...  213 
Telegraphic  Night  Messages  and  Rates. .  215 

Telegraph  Offices 214 

Telegraphic  System 211 

Telegraphic  Steamer  Service 213 

Telegraphic  Time  Service 213 

Telephone  Building 216 

Telephone  Public  Pay  Stations,  List  of. .  218 

Telephone  System 216 

Temple  Beth-El 25, 150 

Temple  Court 12,  141 

Temple  Emanuel 149 

Tenderloin  Club 93 

Tenderloin  District,  The 21 

Tenns 80,240 

Tennis  Building  Association 73 

Terrace,  The 45,  55 

Thalia  Theatre 43 

Theatre  Comique 43 

Theatrical  History 30 

Theatre  Seats 31 

Theatr  ?  Tickets  Office 31 

Theatres 29 

Theatrical  Performances,  Early SO 

The  Mayor 10 


Theological  Schools 229 

Theosophical  Society,  Aryan ,.  106 

The  Pilgrim— Statue 121 

The  Swamp 184 

Third  Avenue  Bridge 166 

Third  Avenue  Tneatre 43 

Thirteen  Club M7 

Throgg's  Neck 165 

Tiffany,  Louis  O,  Residence  of 150 

Tigress  and  Cubs— Statuary  Group   123 

Tilden,  Samuel  J 19,  56 

Tilden  Trust  Library 23vi 

Times  Building 12,  41 

Tennis  Building  Association 80 

Titicus  Reservoir 169 

Tobacco,  Manufacturers  of 186 

Tombs,  Fire  in  The 13 

Tombs,  Our  City  Present 14 

Tombs,  The 142 

Tompkins  Market   197 

TompKins  Square 17,    57 

Tompfeinsville.  S.  I 299 

Tony  Pastor's  Theatre 43 

Tottenville,  S  1 299 

Tour  of  New  York 4 

Tower  Building   10,  136 

Tract  Society 100 

Trade  Unions 100 

Training  School  for  Nurses 240 

Tramp  Steamships 335 

Trans-Atlantic  Cables   212 

Transfiguration,  Church  of  the 270 

Transverse  Roads 52 

Travellers'  Guide 310 

Tremont 27 

Tretbar,  Charles  F 133 

Tribune  Buildinar 12,    14 

Trioune  Fresh  Air  Fund 260 

Tribune,  The  N.  Y 240 

Trinity  Cemetery 22,  284 

Trinity  Chapel 264 

Trinity  Church 8,  9, 137,  263,  269 

Trinity  Church,  Altar  and  Reredos 118 

Trinity  Church,  Astor  Memorial  Doors. .  118 

Trinity  Church  Cemetery 284 

Trinity  Parish 9 

Troop  A 163 

Tropical  Products 184 

Trust  Companies 182 

Trust  Companies  (Principal)  List  of 183 

Tubby  Hook  23 

Tuckahoe 302 

Tunnels 167 

Turkish  Baths 364 

Turn  Verein 103 

Turn  Verein  Hall,  Central 72 

Tuxedo  Park 302 

Tweed,  Wm.  M, 16 

Twelfth  Regiment " 163 

Twenty -second  Regiment  Armory 151 

Twenty-second  Regiment 163 

Twilight  Club 98 

Two  Cent  Diet  Kitchen 258 

Type-writing  and  Stenography 371 

United  Bank  Building 133 

United  Americans 1 03 

United  Cnarities  Building 245 

United  Hebrew  Charities 259 

United  Presbyterians 270 


THE  SUN'S  GUIDE  TO  NEW  YORK. 


United  Presbyterian  Churches 276 

United  Press 240 

United  Service  Club 94 

United  States  Circuit  Court 164 

United  States  District  Court 164 

United  States  National  Bank 361 

United  States  Public  Stores 164 

United  States  Trust  Building 138 

Universalist  Cburches 276 

University  Athletic  Club 86 

Union  Club 93,  145 

Union  League  Club 96,  148 

Union  League  Club  House 24 

Union  Market 197 

Union  Square 5*,  119,  145 

Union  Square  Theatre 18,    43 

Union  Theological  Seminary 229 

Union  Trust  Company  Building 137 

Unitarian  Churches 276 

University  of  the  City  of  New  York 225 

University  of  City  of  N.  Y 14 

University  Club 94,  147 

Unmailable  Matter 208 

Valuation  A  Century  Ago 3 

Van  Cortlandt  Park 27,    58 

Vanderbilt,  Com'dore,  Bronze  Relief  of .  119 

Vanderbilt,  Commodore,  Home  of 14,  100 

Vanderbilt,  William  H 116 

Vanderbilt,  William  H.,  Residence  of .. .  149 

Vanderbilt,  W.  K.,  Residence  of 149 

Vanderbilt  Houses 24 

Vanity  Fair 10 

Van  Norman  Institute,  The 223 

Varuna  Rowing  Club 73 

Veterinary  Hospital,  The  American 251 

Vendome  Hotel 20 

Vested  Choirs 264 

Viaduct,  The 167 

Victoria  Apartment  House 147 

Victoria  Hotel 20 

Vocal  Union,  New  York 104 

Wagner  Society 104 

Waldorf  Hotel 147 

Wall  Street 179 

Walton  House 9 

Warehouse  Act 173 

Warren,  Richard  Henry 264 

Warren,  Samuel  P 265 

Washington  Apartment  House 143 

Washington  Arch,  The 119.  14>* 

Washington  Bridge *3,  27,  166 

Washington  Building 6,  135 

Washington  Cemetery 285 

Washington  Equestrian  Statue 119 

Washington,  George,  Bronze  Statue  of . .  118 

Washington's  Headquarters 7,    23 

Washington  Hotel  6 

Washington  Heights 23 

Washington  Market  140 

Washington  Market  (West) 196 

Washington  Memorial  Arch 14,    20 


Washicgton  Park,  Brooklyn 289 

Washington's  Few 269 

Washington  Square 14,    58 

Washington,  Wards  Statue  of 9 

Water  Color  Club,  The  New  York. . .  .46,  112 
Water  Color  Society,  The  American  .46,  111 

Watts.  John,  Bronze  Statue  of 119 

Wealth  of  the  City l 

Weather  Bureau 164 

Webbs'  Academy  and  Home  for  Ship- 
builders    253 

Webster,  C.  B 188 

Webster,  Daniel,  Statue  of 171 

Weehawken 60,  3C6 

Weehawken,  Proposed  Bridge  to 167 

Welles  Buildinu' 10,  136 

West  Brighton  Beach 63 

Westchester 808 

Western  District,  Brooklyn 288 

Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  210,  211 

Westminster  Kennel  Club 48 

West  Point 66 

West  Presbyterian  Church,  Music  in 266 

Wheeling  Clubs,  List  of 86 

White  Plains 302 

Whitney,  Wm.  C. 25 

Willard  Collection  of  Casts 114 

Willets  Point 165 

Williamsbridge 27 

Wilson  Industrial  School  and  Mission. . .  259 

Wilson,  R.  Wayne  &  Co 371 

Winand,  Miss  Emily  (Soloist) 265 

Wines  (Foreign)  Dealers  In 184 

Windsor  Hotel 24,  149 

Windsor.  Theatre 44 

Wines,  Fine 370 

Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup  (Mrs) 371 

Wolfe  Collection  of  Paintings 114 

Womens'  Press  Club 96 

Woman's  Work,  Artistic 112 

Woodlawn  Cemetery 27,  285 

Workingmen,  Improved  Condition  of . . .    28 

World,  The 238 

World  Building 141 

World,  The  Evening 238 

Worth  Monument 20 

Worth's  Museum 44 

Wrought  Lron  Works 124 

Yacht  Clubs 74 

Yacht  Clubs,  List  of 76 

Yonkers,  City  Line  of 27 

Yonkers 302 

Yosemite  Apartment  House 150 

Young  Men's  Christian  Ass 'n..  19,  71, 104,  267 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Harlem  Branch 71,  267 

Y.  M.  C.  A  ,  Library 235 

"\  oung  Men's  Institute 71 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association. .  104 

Zieglcr,  Henry 180 

Zoological  Garden 151 


HORTONS  ICE  CREAM 

And  Charlotte  Russe  are  used  by  everybody  because  they 
are  the  best,  and  all  who  have  used  them  know  it. 


American  Ice  Cream,  -   40  cts.  per  quart,  or$1.20  per  gallon. 

French  Ice  Cream,  -  60  cts.      "  **  "       2.00  per  gallon. 

Biscuit  Glace,  ____--    60c.  per  quart. 

Tutti  Frutti,  ------  80c.  per  quart. 

French  Neapolitan,  -----    60c.  per  quart. 

Charlotte  Russe,  -  40c.  per  doz. 


Orders  may  be  sent  by  postal  card  or  telephone  country 
or  city  and  will  receive  prompt  attention. 


DEPOTS : 

305  4th  Ave.,    598   6th  Ave.,    115  Park  Row,    302   Co- 
lumbus Ave.,  142  W.   125th  St.,  NEW  YORK, 

and  495  Fulton  St.,  BROOKLYN. 


ACKNOWLEDGED  TO    BE  THE j_BEST  I 

UNDERWOOD'S     RIBBONS. 

Black,  Purple,  Blue,  Green,  Carmine,  and  Official  Indelible 

^NON-COPYING    or  COPYINGS 

In  any  color,  can  be  had  on  application  for  all  Typewriting 
and  Shorthand  Machines. 

SUPERIORTYPEWRITERSUPPLIES 

Ribbons  and  Carbon  Papers  for  all  Machines. 


The  Best  Carbon  Papers. 


Semi-carbon  in  Black.  Purple  or  Blue, 
warranted  not  to  smut.  FULL  CARBON, 
(Carl)onized  on  both  .sides,)  in  Black,  Pur- 
ple, or  Klue  in  all  sizes. 


Pads  in  any  Color  for  the  Yost  Typewriter. 
FOR    PRICES    ADDRESS 

JOHN  UNDERWOOD  &  CO,  New  York,  Toronto  and  Chicago. 


EJLECXROHOLH 


THE    GREAT 
—  FOR    THE 

OF  WHATEVER 
KINO  or  DEGREE; 
EXTERNAL ; 

INTERNAL; 


ALVINE—  r>||      p"C 

cure  of  rn  llo 


BLIND  OR  BLEED 


ING;  CHRONIC; 


RECENT  or 


HEREDITARY. 


(TRADE-MARK  REGISTERED.) 

a     s^ire    C5-u.ro    for    Piles. 

Is  creating  a  great  deal  of  talk  and  wonderment  in  medical  circles  and  among  the  people 
wherever  introduced.  It  cures  the  worst  kinds  of  chronic  cases,  no  matter  how  long  stand- 
ing or  how  distressing,  without  aid  of  surgical  operations.  It  contains  no  poison  of  any 
kind,  usually  found  in  Piles  Cures,  but  is  absolutely  harmless  and  does  not  injure  the  most 
delicate  person.  Physicians  are  endorsing  it  whenever  known.  It  is  unlike  any  other  Pile 
remedy,  and  is  prepared  with  scientific  care  by  an  old  and  experienced  chemist  A  cure  is 
positively  guaranteed  in  all  cases  when  the  directions  for  self- treatment  are 
correctly  followed  ;  and  should  the  treatment  fail  to  cure,  your  money  will  be 
promptly  returned. 

This  remedy  has  been  in  the  constant  practice  of  the  proprietor  for  the  past  20  years, 
and  its  curative  powers  are  so  very  efficient  that  not  one  of  the  most  stuhborn  cases,  out  of 
the  many  thousands  he  has  treated,  has  failed  to  yield  to  the  wonderful  influence  of  this 
never-failing  remedy. 


EXTRACTS 


FROM    BETTERS. 

It  is  different  from  anything  I  ever  used. 


"A  most  gratifying  success." 

"I  would  not  be  without  it." 

"I  recommend  it  to  my  suffering  friends." 

''It  has  done  me  more  good  than  anything 

else." 
"It  is  cheap  at  fifty  dollars  a  box." 
"I  used  one  box;  it  worked  like  a  charm," 
'"I  keep  it  in  the  house  all  the  time." 
"Never  had  anything  to  relieve  so  quickly." 

"The  treatment  so  simple  and  cure  so  perfect."i  "1  am  now  entirely  cured." 
"I  feel  like  a  new  woman."  "J  fouud  it  a  perfect  balm." 

"Before using  I  could  scarcely  stand;  now  I 

can  walk  ten  miles." 
"I  have  so  much  to  Ihank  you  for." 


"It  cured  me  a  year  ago." 
"You  do  not  recommend  it  highly  enough." 
"I  cannot  praise  your  pile  cure  too  much." 
"I  commend  it  above  all  others." 
"I  send  you  another  customer." 
"I  find  great  relief  in  this  Pile  Cure." 
"I  am  now  quite  well,  but  you  may  send  me 
another  box  to  keep  on  hand." 


'I  cheerfully  endorse  all  you  say  " 

'A  happy  combination  of  remedies." 

'I  can  now  eat  an3rthing,  and  workall  day.'* 


Price  per  Box,  81.00;    Three  Boxes,  JS2.50;    Half  Dot.,  «5.00;     One  Doz.,  89.00 


Add  ress—        J .    H , 
Sent  by  mail,  postage  free. 


REEVES,  78  Nassau  Street, 

NEW    YORK    CITY.    N. 


CONTINUE  BUSINESS  AT  OLD  STAND, 


Broadu/ay^.26tI?  Street 


NEW  YORK, 

==WITH= 


New  Stock  of  China, 
Glass  and  Pottery, 


AT   LOWEST   PRICES, 


SPECIALTIES : 

DINNER  SETS,  complete,  $13.50,  up. 

TABLE  GLASS  SETS,  60  pieces,  $4.00,  up. 
FINE   ORNAMENTED    PIECES    IN    ROYAL    DRESDEN 

BERLIN,  &c. 

DECORATED  GLASS.  PORCELAIN  PAINTINGS 

FLOWER  HOLDERS,  VASES,  FIG!  RES,  &c, 


Q7ar'e5  Broadway  I^oass 

GREATEST    WHOLESALE 

Dry  Goods  House  in  America 


549,  551  &  553  Broadway 


The 

Building 

contains 

72  Stores  of 

25xlOOfeet. 

The  Books 

show 

20,000 

Customers 

scattered 

all  over  the 

Western 

Continent. 

Sales  amount 

to  over 


IOMILLIONS 

A  YEAR. 

It  is  the 

Wonder  of 

Mercantile 

Successes 

and  a  fitting 

illustration 

of  the 

material 

progress  of 

America 

on  the  400th 

Anniversary 

of  its 

Discovery. 


Visitors  to  the  City  are  Cordially  in- 
vited to  Visit  the  Store. 


This    is    what  you    can    obtain    by 


ttstng  an 


AMBERG 
Cabinet  I  ,etter  pile 

They  are  adapted  for  all  classes  of  correspondence,  and  can  be 
arranged  to  meet  the  requirements  of  any  business. 


We  make  Cabinets  of  2,  3  and  4  Files. 

These  are  adapted  for  a  limited  correspondence. 


The  other  Sizes  range  from  6  to  75  Files 

In   sending  for   Catalogue,  state  whether  the  large   or 
small   Cabinet   circular   is  wanted. 


AMBERG  FILE  AND  INDEX  CO, 

79  &  81  Duane  Street,  New  York. 

CHICAGO.  LONDON. 


j 


'ftLEPHONE:  CO^ 


CE  CREAM 


AND 


WATER  iCESl^stvV 


H* 


AND 


Me&5EstaW*» 


FANCY  CREAMS 

CHARLOTTES 

ETCCTC 


1427   Jslew    York    Ave.,    Washington,    <D.  C 


Etching  with  an  ordinary  Rubber  Stamp.  Trade  Marks,  Designs, 
or  any  thing  that  can  be  put  in  type  or  engraved  on  wood  can  be 
etched  on,  Steel,  Iron,  Nickel,  Tin,  Aluminium,  or  other  Metals. 


*J|ASSEtgHIngCo. 


The  etching  is 
black}  and  can 
only  be  remoTed 
by  filing  or  grind- 


A  complete  Etching    Outfit  with   full    directions   and    one  Rubber 
Stamp  to  order,  will  be  sent  upon  receipt  of  Ten  Dollars. 

Every  hardware  dealer  should  have  one  to  mark  his  goods. 


METAL    &    GLASS     ETCHING    CO. 
80    Broadway,    New   York. 


STEAMSHIPS   SAILING    FROM 

PIER  26  (New  No.)  NORTH  RIVER 

FOOT  OF  BEACH  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


For  NORFOLK,  OLD  POINT  COMFORT,  NEWPORT  NEWS,  PETERSBURG, 
and  PRINCESS  ANNE  VIRGINIA  BEACH, 

Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday  and  Saturday. 

For  RICHMOND,  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Saturday, 

(Via  JAMES  RIVER). 


THE  ONLY  LINE  FROM  NEW  YORK  REACHING  OLD  POINT  WITHOUT  A  CHANGE.. 
ALL.  STEAMERS  SAIL  AT  3  P.  M.  FROM  NEW  YORK. 


Through  Tickets  include  Meals  and  Stateroom  Accommodations  on  the 
Company's  Ships.  W.  L.  6UILLAU0EU,  Traffic  Manager. 

Department     of"    JPixt>lio     IParlcs. 


Central  Park  Carriage  Service,  Organized  1869. 

Carriages  will  leave  the  Scholars'  Gate,  59th  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  and  the  Merchants' 
Gate,  59th  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue,  making  the  circuit  of  the  Park,  at  brief  intervals,  and  may 

BE  TAKEN  ANYWHERE    Oil  the  road. 

Fare  for  Each  Passenger  for  the  round  trip,  25  cents.  Tickets  must  be  pur- 
chased of  the  Starter,  and  they  entitle  passengers  to  be  put  down  and  taken  up  at  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  Mt.  fet.  Vincent,  Museum  of  Art  and  the  Terrace  Bridge. 

Carriages  in  going  take  the  West  Drive,  in  returning  the  East  Drive,  thus  making  the 
tour  of  the  Park.  In  going,  you  are  driven  past  the  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Manhattan 
Square,  and  the  great  Croton  Reservoirs.  The  tower  at  the  lower  Reservoir  U  the  Belvedere, 
from  which  a  fine  view  of  the  Park  and  the  surrounding  city  may  be  obtained.  In  returning, 
carriages  stop  at  Mt.  St.  Vincent,  Museum  of  Art  and  the  Terrace  Bridge. 


The  Workman's  Time  Recorder. 

Your   employees'    Time  recorded  upon  a 
printed  slip  of  paper,  thus  : 


Time. 
h.    M. 


Work- 
men's 
Nos. 
22 
32 
14 
40 
IO 
19 


The 
Workman's 

Time 
Recorder 

[English's  Patents] 

Registers 
The  Arrival 

and 
Departure  of 
Employees  as 
rapidly  as  they 
can  walk  out 
the  door. 

Operated  instantly  by  dropping  a  check  in 
the  slot.     Will  record  1  30  Per  Minute. 


THE  AMERICAN  WATCHMAN'S 
TIME  DETECTOR  CO. 

Watchman's  Clock, 

Over  Six  Thousand  in  Use. 
THE    AMERICAN 

Watchman's  Time  Detector, 

To  record  the  movements  of  Night 

Watchmen. 

An  undisputable  record  made. 

Electric  Clocks. 


Electric 
Time 
System 

One  Regulator 
Clock  in  the  office 
controls  all  the 
other  secondary 
dials  (clocks)  in  the 
premises.  Secures 
uniform  time  and 
does  away  with  the 
machinery  of  clock 
movements,  ex- 
cept in  the  Regu- 
lator in  the  Office. 


Please  Call  In  at  our 

Offices  and  Showroom*, 
And  sec  any  of  these 


234  &  235  BROADWAY, 


Just  opposite  the  Post  Office, 
Bet.  Park  Place  and  Barclay  Street, 
achlncs,  as  well  as  our  AUTOMATIC  FIKE  ALARM.      We  claim  ab- 


solute superiority  for  each  Instrument. 


Established^,  t^  American  Watchman's  Time  Mector  Co.  JS- M0RSE' Treas- 


The  -  Standard 
Elevator. 


MANUFACTURED    BY 

Otis  Brothers  &  Co., 

38  Park  Row,    -    NEW  YORK. 


ELEVATORS    OPERATED    BY 


J 

ELECTRIC  and 
BELT  POWER  only, 


Studebaker  Bros.  Mfg.  Co., 

265  &  267  CANAL  STREET, 

(200  Feet  East  of  Broadway.) 
n  BTJIIL.1D£!RS     OIF  ( - 


-^Carriages, 

VICTORIAS,    BROUGHAMS,    WAGONETTES,    PHAETONS, 

SURREYS,    BUGGIES,    RUNABOUTS,   ANB   ALL 

VARIETIES  OF  CARTS  ANB  TRAPS. 

FARM   WAGONS, 

EXPRESS    WAGONS, 

ALL  KINDS  OF  BUSINESS  WAGONS. 

We  invite  special  attention  to  onr 

STREET   SPRINKLER, 

with  new  patented  device  for  distributing-  water. 

OUR  "LITTLE  GEM"  LAWN  SPRINKLER 

EXCELS    ANYTHING    IN    ITS    LINE. 

* —   ^  <♦>  m  — * 

WE  MAKE  THE    GOODS  WE  SElsb. 

f^~Catalognies  sent  on   application. 


ESTABLISHED  Ii\  1856. 


E.    FRAXKFELD. 


B.    FRAXKFELD. 


Pork *«*  Beef  Packers 


AND    DEALERS    IN 


Proprietors    of    the    Celebrated 

'PURITAN"    BRAND    OF    MEATS. 


m 


TRADE  MARK, 

We   cordially  invite   members  of  the   trade  visiting  the  City  to  call  and 
inspect  our  establishment,  at 

247,    249    and    25  1    Third    Avenue, 
NEW   YORK. 


WESTPHAL'S  AUXILIATOR, 


UNEXCELLED    FOR    THE 

PRESERVATION    OF    THE    HAIR. 

Keeps  the  head  cool,  allays 
the  Itching  and  Fever  of  the 
Scalp,  and  Strengthens  the 
Nerves. 


AUXILIATOH 


PRESERVATION,  BEAUTY, 

Growth  and  Restoration 

OF  THE  HAIR. 

KEEPS  THE  HEAD  COOL, 
ALLAYS  the  Itching  4  Fever 
of  the  Scalp,  gives  a  Rich  Gloss 
to  the  Hair  a  will  free  the  Head 
from  all  Dandruff  immediately. 

A  Perfect  Hair  Dressing 

For  Ladies  and  Gentlemen. 
Highly  Perfumed  and  FreeFromOil 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  USING. 
Before  applying  let  the  head  bo 
ell  brushed  with  a  good,  fine,  but 
stiff  hair  brush,  until  the  scalp  is  • 
considerable  excited  by  the  friction 
will  expose  the  surface  vessels 
of  the  scalp  to  the  direct  action  ot 
the  tonic;  then  apply  the  TONIO  to 
various  parts  of  the  scalp  and  tub 
the  head  freely  but  gently  until 
every  part  of  the  hair  and  scalp  is 
thoroughly  moistened  with  it.  To 
encourage  the  hair  to  grow  it  should 
.1  ways  be  used  every  morning  In  all 
other  cases  every  second  or  third 
day  will  be  sufficient. 

PAUL  WESTPHAL,  Prop'r, 

NEW   YOKK.  m— 


Regittered  in  the  U.  S.  Patent 
I  Office  at  Washington,  D.C.i 
theyear  1882. 


PRICE.ONE  DOLLAR. 


It  will  free  the  head  from 
all  Dandruff  immediately,  is 
most  Refreshing  and  leads  the 
scalp  to  a  healthy  condition. 

On  account  of  its  Soothing 
Action  upon  the  Nerves,  it  is 
held  in  high  esteem  for  re- 
lieving Headaches. 


Indorsed  by  leading  society, 
and  meeting  everywhere  with 
the  greatest  success. 

Trial  size  (5  oz.)  $0  50 

Large  size  (12  oz.)     -     -     1  00 

For  sale  by  Druggists  and 
Barbers,  or  sent  express  paid 
on  receipt  of  price. 


Paul  Westphal,  323  W.  38th  St.,  N.  Y, 


AMERICAN  HOMEOPATHIC  PHARMACY 


3  East  19th  St, 

Near  5th  Ave., 


Established    1852 
NEW  YORK. 


J 
BRANCH, 

108  West  125th  St. 


C.  T.  HURLBURT,  Manufacturing  Homoeopathic  Pharmacist. 

rpRAVELERS  In  need  of  HOMCEOPATHIC  M  EDICINES  can  secure  them  at  either  of  the 
A.  stores  of  the  American  Homoeopathic  Pharmacy.  Cases  of  the  principal  remedies  specially 
prepared  for  Tourists'  use.     Every  Homoeopathic  Requisite. 


XXURLBURT'S  SPECIAL  PREPARATIONS  are  widely  known  as  safe,  pleasant  and 
AX  efficacious  remedies.  Write  or  call  for  "Note  Book."  uivine  full  descriotion  and  nrir« 
Seven  are  mentioned  below,  viz.: 


!ook,"  giving  full  description  and  prices. 


1.  Tracheal  Drops,  for  Croup  and  Coughs,  per  bottle,  50  cents. 

2.  Dyspepsia  and  Torpid  Liver  Powder,  for  Indigestion,  etc.,  per 
bottle,    50  cts. 

3.  Rubini   Camphor  Pills,  for  Colds,  Influenza  and  Diarrhoea,  per 

bottle  25  Cents.      (A  very  useful  remedy  for  travelers  exposed  to  changes  of  climate). 

4.  Toilet  Kalydene,  a  new  and  elegant  Homceo-Preparation  for  the 
skin  and  its  affections,  will  keep  the  skin  smooth  and  soft  and  cure  Chapped 
Hands  or  Face,  etc.,  per  bottle,  25  cents. 

5.  Hay  Fever  and  Catarrh  Remedy,  for  Hay  Fever,  acute  or 
chronic,  50  cents. 

6.  Extract  of  Witch  Hazel,  full  strength,  per  quart,  75  cents. 

7.  U.  H.  Cocoa,  delicious  and  nourishing,  %  lb.  can,  40  cents. 


CHILPW, 


'TEETHINc 


FOR  FIFTY  YEARS ! 

MRS.  WINSLOW'S 

SOOTHING  SYRUP 

has  been  used  by  millions  of  Mothers 

for  their  children  while  Teething  for  over 
Fifty  Years.  It  soothes  the  child,  softens  the 
gums,  allays  all  pain,  cures  wind  colic,  and 
is  the  best  remedy  for  diarrhoea. 

Twenty-five  Cents  a  Bottle. 


FOR  FIFTY  YEARS ! 

MRS.  WINSLOW'S 

SOOTHING  SYRUP 

has  been  used  by  Millions  of  Mothers 

for  their  children  while  Teething  for  over 
Fifty  Years.  It  soothes  the  child,  softens  the 
gums,  allays  all  pain,  cures  wind  colic,  and 
is  the  best  remedy  for  diarrhoea. 

Twenty-five  Cents  a  Bottle, 


A.    GOTTHELF'S    SONS, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Flags,  Lanterns  and  Decoration  Goods 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


LARGEST    MANUFACTORY    OF    ITS    KIND. 


PRINTED  MUSLIN  FLAGS  and  LANTERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

FACILITIES    TO    TURN    OUT    MILLIONS    A    DAY. 


Twenty-five    years    experience    enables    us    to    manufacture    the 

best  goods  in  the  market,  at  the  very  lowest  prices. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 


OFFICE     AND     FACTORY: 

29  Willett  Street,  near  Grand  Street,     -    NEW  YORK. 


UPTTY  of  Bln.9.9.5 

jpsufes  Good  health. 


TTN  the  struggle  to  keep  in  the  swim,  either  in  social  or  business 
<**  life,  made  necessary  by  the  high  pressure  of  the  age,  we  are  apt 
to  forget  that  the  body  is  a  machine  which  needs  constant  care  and 
attention. 

The  necessity  of  keeping  the  blood  pure  and  the  bowels  regular 
cannot  be  over-estimated,  and  in  order  to  do  so  the  importance  of  using 
some  old  and  reliable  remedy,  something  that  has  been  tried  time  and  time 
again  and  thoroughly  tested  for  a  period  of  50  years,  is  unquestionable. 

Such  a  medicine  we  have  in 

Wright's  Indian  Vegetable  Pills. 

They  are  purely  vegetable  and  never  do  harm,  but  always  good 

For  Nervous  and  Bilious  Affections. 

A  trial  will  convince  you  that  Wright's  Indian  Vegetable  Pills 
are  of  inestimable  value  to  the  sufferer,  and  can  be  used  with  perfect 
safety.  The  need  of  such  a  medicine  as  Wright's  Indian  Vegetable  Pills 
is  daily  felt  in  the  family,  and 

NOW    IS   THE    TIME    TO    PROCURE    IT. 


Ask  for  WRIGHT'S  INDIAN  VEGETABLE  PILLS, 

And  take  no  other. 


ManhattaiiTrust  Company, 

COR.  WALL  &  NASSAU  STS., 


NEW   YORK   CITY. 


Capital, 


$1,000,000 


The  Company  is  authorized  to  act  as  Executor,  Administrator,  Guardian, 
Receiver  and  Trustee;  as  Fiscal  and  Transfer  Agent,  and  as  Registrar  of 
Stocks  and  Bonds.  The  Company  offers  to  Executors  and  Trustees  of 
Estates,  and  to  Religious  and  Benevolent  Institutions  exceptional  facilities 
for  the  transaction  of  their  business. 

Deposits  received  subject  to  cheque  at  sight,  payable  through  the  New 
York  Clearing  House. 

Liberal  Rates  of  Interest  Paid  on  Balances. 


OFFICERS. 

FRANCIS  O.  FRENCH,  President. 

JOHN  I.  WATERBURY,    Vice-President. 

AMOS  T.  FRENCH,  Sec*y  &*   Treasurer. 


DIRECTORS,    1892. 

FRANCIS  ORMOND  FRENCH,   New  York 

JOHN  KEAN,  Jr.,    - 

Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

AUGUST  BELMONT,        -        -    New  York 

H.  0.  NORTHCOTE,      - 

New  York 

C.C.BALDWIN,      -        -        -         New  York 

E.  D.  RANDOLPH,     - 

-     New  York 

H.W.CANNON,           -        -        -     New  York 

A.  S.  ROSENBAUM, 

New  York 

T.  J.  COOLIDGE,  Ji ..,    -        -               Boston 

JAMES  O.SHELDON. 

-     New  York 

R.J.CROSS,        ....      New  York 

SAMUEL  R.  SHIPLEY. 

Philadelphia 

JOHN  N.  A.  GRISWOLD,  -            New  York 

CHARLES  F.  TAG,      - 

-     New  York 

JOHN  R.FORD,      -        -        -         New  York 

R.  T.  WILSON, 

New  York 

H.  L.  HIGGINSON,     -        -        -           Boston 

JOHN  I.  WATERBURY, 

-     New  York 

NEW 
Construction 


OF 


No  Iron  on  Either  Side 
except  around  the  margin 


PATENT    APPLIED    FOR 


We  make  a  Roof,  Floor 
and  Side  Light,  the  same  con- 
struction, with  4  inch  square 
glass. 

ALL    GLASS   SURFACE, 

except  the  cement  joints, 
Made  of  Wrought  Iron  and  Steel. 

Gives  More  Light  than  any  others,  and  is  More  Durable  and  Ornamental. 


J.  C.  FRENCH  &  SON, 

•Vault 

AND 

Sidewalk 
Lights 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION.     W 


452  Canal  St., 
New  York. 


White  Star  Line-' 


UNITED  STATES  AND 

ROYAL  MAIL  STEAMERS 

Sailing  from  New  York  every  Wednesday  to  Queenstown  and  Liverpool. 


The  magnificent  new  Steamers,  "  MA  J  ESTIC  "  and  "  TEUTONIC."    Each 

10,000  Tons,    16,000   Horse-Power,    and   582   feet  long. 

The   two   Longest  Steamers  Afloat. 


BRITANNIC,    GERMANIC,    CELTIC    and    ADRIATIC. 


THE  EXPERIENCE  of  those  who  have  traveled  on  the 
lk  TEUTONIC"  and  "MAJESTIC"  is,  that  they  not 
only  realize,  but  exceed  the  most  sanguine  expectations  formed 
of  them,  both  as  regards  their  accommodations,  comfort  and  sea 
going  qualities. 


Yfmu'hnn 


illllllli  U.lm 


THE  SECOND  CABIN  ACCOMMODATIONS  include  two 
and  four-berth  stateroom-,  large,  handsome  dining  saloon, 
furnished  with  piano  and  library,  smoking  room,  bathrooms  and 
lavatories,  with  a  separate  and  spacious  promenade  deck. 


IN  THE  STEERAGE  there  are  special  rooms  for  married 
couples  and  for  families,  also  a  separate  compartment  for 
single  women.  The  great  height  between  decks  gives  perfect 
ventilation  and  the  sanitary  arrangements  in  all  parts  of  the  ship 
are  complete. 


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lillJll  Jllllll: 


LIVE    STOCK    AND    CARGO    BOATS. 
BOVIC,  twin-screw,  6,000  tons.     NOMADIC,  twin-screw,  5,750  tons. 
NARONIC,     "  6,000  tons.     RUNIC,  single  screw,  4,649  tons. 

TAURIC,         "  5,750  tons.     CUFIC,  "  4,639  tons. 

The  above  Steamers  were  specially  constructed  for  the  conveyance  of  Live 
Stock,  including  Horses  and  Sheep.  Have  all  the  modern  improvements, 
such  as  Water  and  Electric  Lights  on  each  deck,  efficient  fan  and  hatch 

ventilation,  etc. 

COMPANY'S    OFFICES: 

29  Broadway,  New  York,  and  54  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago; 

WHARF  :-Foot    of   West    Tenth    Street,    New    York. 

H.     MAITLAND     KERSEY,    Agent. 


A  WISE  FATHER'S  METHOD 


OF  SELECTING  THE  MOST  ABLE  OF  HIS  SONS  TO  SUCCEED  HIM. 


A  Brief  Statement  of  How  He  Did  It,  Showing  the  Sure 
Way  to  Success. 


[COPYRIGHT]. 

A  few  years  ago,  Mr.  Caleb  Andrews,  who  had  for  many  years  been  engaged  in  a  large  manufac- 
turing business  in  the  metropolis,  called  his  three  sons  to  him  and  said: 

"  Boys,  I  have  worked  long  and  faithfully  to  build  up  this  business,  and  I  have  now  enough  money 
laid  by  to  care  for  myself  and  your  mother  the  balance  of  our  lives.  I  have  decided  to  go  to  Europe  for 
rest  and  i  ecreation  for  three  years;  you  have  all  been  with  me  in  the  factory ,  and  understand  the  business 
well  enough  to  know  that  it  cannot  be  divided,  but  must  eventually  go  to  one  of  you;  so  I  have  decided 
to  give  each  of  you  one  year's  absolute  control  of  the  factory  and  business, and  the  one  who  shows  the 
best  judgment  in  its  management,  on  my  return,  shall  have  the  property,  and  the  others  must  shift  for 
themselves." 

On  the  father's  return  he  called  his  three  sons  before  him. 

"Father."  reported  the  oldest  son,  Timothy,  "I  had  the  first  year  and  was  very  careful  of  all 
expenses,  saving  in  every  way  1  could.  The  boilers  were  old  and  leaky,  so  I  had  them  repaired  ;  but  the 
coal  bills  were  so  high  that  I  could  only  show  a  profit  of  $5,000  for  the  year  ;  this  I  drew  when  1  turned  the 
place  over  to  my  brother  Richard,  and  I  have  the  money  now  in  the  bank." 

To  this  the  father  replied,  "  Well  done,  my  son,  your  thrift  and  economical  ways  will  always  insure 
you  against  want  as  you  journey  through  life.  Now,  Richard,  what  have  you  to  report;  how  did  you 
manage  the  second  year's  trial  ? " 

"  I,  too,"  said  Richard,  "  thought  principally  of  keeping  down  expenses,  and  after  pondering  long 
and  deeply,  I  had  more  patches  put  upon  the  old  boilers,  bought  a  cheaper  grade  of  coal,  and  an  injector 
to  get  hot  water  into  the  boilers  instead  of  cold,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  I  turned  the  place  over  to  little 
Jamie,  and  drew  $4,500  net  profits  for  the  year,  which  I  have  in  my  trunk  at  home. " 

The  father  responded,  "  Well  done,  well  done,  Richard  my  boy,  you  have  my  blessing.  Have  no  fear 
of  your  future.  Your  plan  of  getting  the  cheapest  article  will  always  leave  money  in  your  pocket  for 
necessaries.    And  Jamie,  my  lad,  what  have  you  done  ?" 

"  Well,  father,"  replied  the  youngest,  "when  I  took  hold  I  did  not  think  long,  for  I  found  the  boilers 
in  such  a  bad  condition  with  leaks  and  scale,  that  I  wondered  that  any  good  could  be  got  from  them.  I 
immediately  consulted  a  most  competent  engineer,  and  he  examined  the  boilers  carefully,  and  seriously 

advised  me  to  put  in  a  Berryman  Feed-Water  Heater  and  Purifier,  for  heating 

the  feed-water  to  the  boiling  point  before  entering  the  boiler  and  purifying  the  same.  He  assured  me  it 
would  stop  the  incrustation  and  save  at  least  20  per  cent,  on  the  coal  bills.    I  went  at  once  to  the  office  of 

Benj.  F.  Kelley  &  Son,  91   Liberty  Street,  New  York, 

and  purchased  a  Berryman  Feed- Water  Heater  and  Purifier  of  suitable  size  and  had  it  put  up  in  the  engine 
room.  1  also  attached  to  the  heater  a  good  boiler  feed  pump  and  kept  it  running  all  the  time,  pumping 
slowly.  I  found  the  heat  of  our  feed-water  gDing  into  the  boiler  was  over  200  degrees  Fahr.,  and  now,  at 
the  end  of  the  year,  after  paying  for  these  improvements,  I  have  a  showing  of  $8,327  profit." 

With  ill-suppressed  emotion  the  old  man  embraced  the  youngest  son  and  said,  "  My  boy,  thou  hast 
done  more  than  well ;  thou  hast  shown  more  judgment  than  your  old  father,  who,  four  years  ago,  refused 
to  buy  one  of  these  heaters  on  account  of  the  expense.  You  have  proved  yourself  to  be  more  than  com- 
petent to  succeed  me  in  the  business,  and  I  know  that  in  your  hands  the  foundation  I  have  laid  by  long 
years  of  hard  work  will  not  be  wasted  and  that  it  will  go  on  to  a  grand  success  ;  to,  dear  Jamie,  yoti  will 
report  to-morrow  to  the  attorneys,  Spencer,  Jones  &  Co.,  and  I  will  freely  deed  the  whole  business  over  to 
you. 

"  And  you,  Timothy  and  Richard,  I  would  suggest  that  you  take  Horace  Greeley's  advice,  and  with 
your  prudently  saved  earnings, '  go  west 


MILLINERY! 

I  m  ported and  Domestic 


The    Question   is   often    asked,    where 
can    I   get   a 

STYLISH  BONNET  OR  HAT 

At  a  Moderate  Price  ?    You  can  get  them  at 

1 9  East  2 1  st  Street. 


Ladies  visiting  the  City  who  wish   to  purchase  Millinery 
will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call. 

We  always  have  on  hand  a  choice  assortment  of  the  latest 

and  most  desirable  styles,  at  one-half  of 

Fifth  Avenue  Prices. 


mary  f.  McCarthy, 

(Three  Doors  East  of  Broadway,) 

19  East  21st  Street,     -    NEW  YORK 


Our      fcOnClin3.        all    Havana    tobacco   New 
York  made  cigar,   our  world-renowned   "  Mephisto," 

and  all  other  finer  grades  of  cigars  made  by  us  in  our 
New  York  factory, 

"Revenue  Number  973,  3d  Collection  District," 

are  superior  in  many  ways  to  those  made  in  the  tropics. 
In  addition  to  all  the  tobacco  markets  of  the  earth,  to 
which  we  have  access,  New  York  City  always  commands 
the  best  of  every  material  as  well  as  labor. 


Our  New  York  factory  is  a  perfectly  ventilated,  clean 
abode.  No  sort  of  uncleanliness  is  permitted,  and  our 
cigars,  therefore,  are  not  liable  to  contain  matters  other 
than  tobacco,  and  smokers  may  confidently  and  safely 
use  our  cigars,  not  needing  a  mouth-piece  or  a  cigar 
holder  to  prevent  unpleasant  consequences. 

To  protect  consumers  from  imposition,  every 
"MEPHLSTO"  cigar  is  banded. 

Apply    to    us    if  your   dealer   does    not    sell    our   cigars. 

D.  HIRSCH  &  COMPANY, 

331-333   Bowery,  NEW  YORK. 


7  295  275  of  these  Cigars  were  Sold  in  1891 

5  012  350onhese*swereSoldin  1890 
Increase  •«  «*  45  per  cent 

During  the  same  time  impor-  Tlpnppnnnf]  OR  nnv  nnn] 
tations  of  Havana  Cigars  JJublDuOUU  00  pi  bulll. 


Our  Motto:  Uniform  Quality  and  Workmanship. 


THE  VICTOR  VALLETTE  COMPANY, 

Manufacturers,  NEW  YORK. 


"WALL     PAPERS—  carriage    free    to    all 
parts  of  the   United  States." 

Joseph  P.  McHugh  &  Co.'s 

Wall  Paper  Department 

always  contains  the  newest  and  best  designs 
and  colorings  by  American  and  foreign  makers, 
the  personal  selection  of  Mr.  McHugh. 

A  specially  attractive  feature  is  the  very  com- 
plete line  of  inexpensive  papers,  particularly 
adapted  to  the  effective  decoration  of  country 
houses  and  suburban  residences. 

3  &  5  West  42D  St. — at  Fifth  Avenue. 

(  The  most  central  location  in  New  York  City.) 


jacob  imiairik:, 

7    Worth    Street,  New   York, 


MANUFACTURER  AND  PATENTEE  CF 


Concrete  Illuminating  Tile  and  Vault  Lights. 

FOR  AREAS,  ROOFS,  FLOORS,  ETC. 


JOHN    W.    MARK'S    SQUARE    OPENING    CONCRETE    LIGHT. 

Patented  Sept.  9th,  1890. 


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BOTTOM  VIFW. 


While  improving  the  strength  of  the  Concrete  Illuminating  Tile,  we  have  succeeded  in ^ pro- 
ducing more  lighting  surface  to  a  square  foot  than  ever  before  produced,  and  at  the  same  time 
Xced  before  the  public  a  Concrete  Vault  Light  work  that  cannot  be  improved  upon  in  any  shape 
or  manner  as  we  have  experimented  not  only  with  the  problems  of  strength  and  durability,  but 
als™wkh effector  no  other  work  of  a  similar  kind  can  present  the  same  neat  and  perfect  appear- 
ance as  produced  by  our  New  Ring  Concrete  and  our  Square  Opening  Concrete  work.  The 
increase  in  the  light  is  shown  here :  .  „^„_i 

Square  Opening  Tile,  per  square  foot,         76,6775  square  inches,  actual. 
King  Concrete  Tile,       4v         "  60,1300       '  m  m 

Old  Style  of  Concrete  Work,  "  "  5°i5°92 

An  increase  of  over  50  per  cent,  above  the  old  style  of  concrete  work.  The  advantage  of  our 
Prismatic  Lenses  above  those  in  use  is  very  apparent.  They  economize  space,  with  a  greatly  im- 
proved light,  as  they  distribute  the  light  horizontally  and  diagonally,  and  ™?f7*^J*ZSSZt 
Very  few  use  any  other  kind  ;  in  fact,  inventors  of  prismatic  lenses  have  laid  their  inventions 
aside,  and  now  use  but  one  kind- and  that  is  our  improvement. 

The  Sheet  Iron  Illuminating  Doors  that  we  manufacture  are  the  most  durable  and  the  best 
illuminating  sidewalk  doors  on  the  market.  Light  to  handle,  heavy  to  wear,  and  neat  in  appear- 
ance, it  has  a  greater  sale  than  any  other  kind  manufactured.         (        .... 

Upon  application,  we  will  send  our  illustrated  catalogue,  in  which  there  is 
description,  with  illustrations  of  eveiy  kind  of  work  manufactured  by  us. 

«  To  be  known  hereafter  as  "  The  Mark  Concrete  Li^ht. " 


more  pointed 


:    NORTHROPS 


*         « 


Stamped  •)  Steel  •)  Ceilings 


DURABLE  V  DECORATIVE   V   WATER-PROOF   V  FIRE-PROOF 


Easily  applied  in  new  buildings,  or  may  be  put  up  in  old 
buildings  without  removing  present  plaster. 


Send  diagram  of  room  for  an  estimate.         Catalogue  for  Stamp. 


HENRY  S.  NORTHROP,  30  Rose  Street.  New  York 


Atlantic  Transport  Line  of  Steamers. 

]^ew  York-Lopdop. 


rab 

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STEAMERS: 
Massachusetts,     Manitoba,     Michigan, 

8,000  Tons.  8,000  Tons.  6,000  Tons. 

Mohawk,         Mobile,         Mississippi, 

8,000  Tons.  8,000  Tons.  6,000  Tons. 


llfHESE  fine  steamers  have  been  specially  constructed  for  the  London 
J 1 1  trade  by  Messrs.  Harland  &  Wolff,  of  Belfast.  They  are  fitted  with 
A  electric  light  throughout  and  have  splendid  accommodations  for  a 
limited  number  of  first-class  passengers.  SALOON  AND  STATE- 
ROOMS AMIDSHIPS. 

For  freight,  passage  and  other  information  apply  to  the 

NEW  YORK  SHIPPING  COMPANY, 

GENERAL  AGENTS, 

Produce  Exchange  Building,  4  Broadway,  N.Y. 


ci_af:p  6c  co., 

BANKERS  AND  BROKERS, 

60  Broadway  and  21  New  Street. 


BRANCH  OFFICE :    37   COLLEGE  PLACE, 

NEW    YORK. 


STOCKS,  GRAIN,  PROVISIONS,  COTTON, 

BOUGHT  OR  SOLD  FOR  CASH  OR  OH  MARGIN. 


Deposits    Received    Subject    to    Check    at    Sight    and 
Interest    Allowed. 


CHECK  BOOKS  FURNISHED  ON    APPLICATION, 

ALSO  OUR  DAILY,  WEEKLY  AND  MONTHLY  LETTERS. 


All  Business  Entrusted  to  our  Care  will  be  Attended 
to  Promptly  and  in  Strictest  Confidence. 


PRIVATE    WIRES    TO    ALL    PRINCIPAL    MARKETS. 

ACCOUNTS    SOLICITED.        -        CONFIDENCE    INVITED. 


WILL  YOU  EVER  BE  CONVINCED? 

DURING  THE  PAST  30  YEARS  we  have  SAVED  the  People  of  this  Country 
MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

ON   THE   PRICE   OF 

TEAS  and  COFFEES 

WE  ARE  STILL  DOING  IT. 

We  are  supplying  them  with  PURE  GOODS  at  from  25  to  50  percent,  cheaper 
than  they  can  he  hought  elsewhere.       Call  or  send  and  he  convinced. 

Thirty  years'  experience  in  SELECTING,  BUYING,  ROASTING, 
COOLING,  BLENDING  and  Improved  Machinery  enables  us  to  furnish 
our  customers  with  Coffees  that  are  acknowledged  by  all  to  be  perfect.  All 
our  Coffees  are  roasted  and  sold  in  their  natural  state,  no  ingredient  what- 
ever being  used  to  make  them  GLOSSY  and  WEIGH  HEAVY.  The 
Great  A.  &  P.  Tea  Co.'s  Five  Great  Specialties  are  : 

Thea-Nectar,  A  &  P  Baking  Powder,  A  &  P  Condensed  Milk. 
Eight  o'clock  Breakfast  Coffee,  and  A  &  P  Spices. 

Our  New  Crop  Formoso  Oolong,  Japan,  Young  Hyson,  English  Break- 
fast, Imperial,  Gunpowder,  and  Thea-Nectar,  at  50,  60  and  70  cents  per 
pound,  cannot  be  procured  in  any  other  store  at  any  price.  If  you  want  to 
enjoy  a  cup  of  Perfect  Coffee  use  our  32  and  35  Cent  Roasted  Javas,  and 
serve  with  A  &  P  Condensed  Milk,  then  if  you  grumble  we  will  be  mum. 
Don't  fail  to  try  our  A  &  P  Baking  Powder. 

We  ask  ONL  Y  ONE  TRIAL  to  convince  you  of  the  superiority  of  our  goods. 
COFFEES  FRESH  FROM  THE  ROASTERS  AT  ALL  HOURS. 


AA  flDCDATItlC  Our  Customers  Our  Advertisers.  We  wish  all  Users  of 
vU"UrCnA  I  Iff  C.  Teas,  Cofl'ees,  Baking  Powder  and  Condensed  Milk 
and  Spices  to  bear  in  mind  that  by  purchasing  from  us  they 
participate  to  a  large  degree  in  part  of  the  profits,  which  we  give  away  in  Handsome  and  Use- 
ful Presents.  Our  profits  are  based  upon  a  business  of  over  Six  Millions  a  year,  a  small  per- 
centage of  which  will  amply  repay  us.  No  other  house  can  give  you  the  same  quality  of  goods  at 
anything  like  the  prices,  besides,  you  share  in  part  of  the  profits.  Our  New  Stock  of  China  is 
the  Finest  Imported,  which  is  bought  by  our  own  agents  direct  from  the  American  and  Euro- 
pean Potteries. 

The  Supplying  of  Hotels,  Restaurants,  Boarding  Houses,  Steamboats, 
Institutions  and  Large  Consumers  a  Specialty. 


The  Great  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Tea  Company, 

THE   LARGEST   IMPORTERS, 

Coffee  Roasters,  Manufacturers  and  Packers  in  the  World. 

200  Stores  in  all  the  Principal  Cities  of  the  United  States. 

HEADQUARTERS:  35  and  37  VESEY  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 

You  will  find  our  Stores  in  almost  every  city  of  the  Union. 


PHOTO-ENGRAVERS, 
LITHOGRAPHERS, 
PLATE  PRINTERS, 


f\  ttention !       Q 


Manufacturer 


ALFRED    SELLERS, 

o     5^  $  Plates: 


Also   Dealer  in   Half-Tone  and   Zinc   Etching   Outfits, 
Materials,    Cameras,    Lenses,    Etc. 

58    FULTON    ST.,  NEW    YORK, 


&pSend  for  New  Illustrated  Price  List. 


F.  Wesel  Manufacturing  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

[^PRINTERS'  MATERIALS  k  SUPPLIES,  *) 

Brass  Galleys,  Brass  Rules  and  Dashes,  Stereotype  Blocks,  Wrought-Iron 

Chases,  Composing  Sticks,  Mitre  Machines,  Proof  Presses,  Galley 

Racks,  Metal  Furniture,  Metal  Quotations,  Keystone  Quoins, 

and   other   Printers'   Materials. 


(Jonjplete  Outfit?  for1  Job  aijd  fletogpapei1  Office?. 

Send  six  cents  in  postage  stamps  for  our  112  page  New  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Price 
Listy  the  most  complete  book   out. 

Office  and  Wareroomi  1  1  FACTORY  1 

//   SPRUCE  STREET,  NEW  YORK.    I   Cor.  Henry  &  Cranberry  Sts.,  Brooklyn,  NY. 


ISstablisliecl      1870, 


J-.  O.   SCHITOTEE 

Patent  °  Corset  q  Shoulder  q  Brace 


For  Round  Shoulders, 
Weakness  and  Curvature  of 
the  Spine. 

Makes  the  form  erect,  ex- 
pands the  chest,  strengthens 
the  lungs,  and  is  comfortable 
to  wear. 

Competent  lady  in  at- 
tendance for  ladies. 

Perfect  satisfaction  guar- 
anteed to  physicians  and  pa- 
tients. 


Also  Trusses,  Abdominal 
Supporters,  Elastic  Stock- 
ings, Crutches,  Braces  for 
every  kind  of  deformity, 
etc.,  etc. 

The     "Original" 

SCHNOTER 

Suspensory   Bandages 

have  the  inventor's  initials 
"J.  C."  before  the  name  of 
Schnoter  on  every  box  and 
bandage. 

For  Sale  at  all  Druggists*. 
"  Beware  of  Imitations." 


J.    C.    SCHNOTER    CO., 
At  523   SIXTH    AVE.,  NEW    YORK. 


Go   TO 


*       *       *       *       * 


Chelsea  *  Steajn  *  Laupdfy, 

286  EIGHTH  AVENUE, 


USTE-W"   TOEK 


For  Firs t-C lass  Work  at  Reasonable  Prices. 


LONG  &  WEEKS,  Proprietors. 


s.  F-  FAYWAFD  &  eo. 

General  Eastern  Agents,  < 

351  CANAL  STREET,  HEW  YORK. 

BABCOCK 

Fire  Extinguishers, 


AND   MANUFACTURERS  OF 


HAYWARD  HAND  GRENADES, 

lose,  Hose  Reels  &  Racks. 

Fire  Protection  Supplies 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 


Send  for  Catalogue. 


Dr.  White's  '* 


CELEBRATED 


Cough  Drops 

PLEASANT  TO  THE  TASTE,    AND  WARRANTED 

TO  GIVE  IMMEDIATE  RELIEF. 


Packed  in  5  cent  Packages  or  5  Pound  Cans, 


E.   GREENFIELD'S   SON  &  CO.. 


CONFECTIONERS, 

NEW    YORK    AGENTS, 


CAF£  *  MORETTI, 

22  East  21st  Street,  near  Broadway, 

THE   FAMOUS 

ITALIAN  TABLE  d'HOTE  RESTAURANT, 

Established    1857. 

TABLE  d'HOTE  DINNER  WITH  WINE,  $1.00, 
NOON  TO  8.30  P.  M. 


©tyoieest   Wi9<?s,  liquors  ar?d  ©ordials. 


S.  M.  ROBINS, 

Popular  Restaurant  and  Cafe 

24    ZBIRO^ID    STEEET 

AND 

22    and.   24    USTIE'W"   STEEET, 

NEAR    ALL    EXCHANCES. 


^ILTILNrEIX:, 

50,  52  and  54  JOHN  STREET, 

NEAR  THE  OLD  DUTCH  CHURCH. 


Secret,  Safe  and  Positive  Cure 


:  FOR  : 


INTEMPERANCE 


No  Taste 

NO 

-Odor- 


L/Q(/OR/N£ 

SPEC/F/C 

HAS  CUftFD  OTHERS 

WILL  CUtfE 


Can  Be 

GIVEN 

Secretly 


It  destroys  the  diseased  appetite  for  Alcoholic  Stimulants 

and  restores  to  the  victim  his  power  of 

resistance  to  temptation. 


The  Price  of  this  World  Renowned  Remedy  has  been 
put  within  the  reach  of  all. 

$1.00  PER  BOX.  -    SIX  BOXES  $5.00. 


Cure  Guaranteed  Sent  by  Mail.    For  Sale  by  all  Druggists. 


L1QU0RINE   SPECIFIC   CO., 

1293  and  1295  Broadway,      -      NEW  YORK. 


Northwest  Corner  33rd  Street. 


s> 


^c^ 


«aup(:leroy 


Blouses. 


~a'^' 


For  Sale  by 

All  LEADING   CLOTHING 

HOUSES    AND    DRY 

GOODS  STORES. 


THIS  LABEL  IS  ON  THE 

BEST  FAUNTLEROY  BLOUSE  MADE 


MANUFACTURER, 

133-135  W.  23d  St.,  New  York. 

(Bet.  Sixth  and  Seventh  Aves.) 


IF  YOU  SEE  IT  IN  THE  "SUN,"  IT'S  SO.  WHAT'S  SO  ? 

why,that  Shattuck's  (1  Fountain  Pens 


Are  absolutely  perfect. 


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See  styles  and  prices. 


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93  CLIFF  STREET, 


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N.  Y. 


FREE 
SAND  TO 
BUILD  WITH. 


FREE 
STONE  TO 
BUILD  WITH. 


==Lots= 

$100™  $300 

EASY    MONTHLY    PAYMENTS. 

10  PER  CENT  CASH.    $5.00  A  MONTH 

Only  25  Minutes  from  the  City,  on  the  Harlem  Railroad-- 

The  most  beautiful  spot  in  Westchester  County, 
and  is  surrounded  by  four  large  and  growing  cities  . } 
It  is  the  place  to  buy  for  a  home  or  speculation.      Ex- 
amine it  and  decide  for  yourself.       Many  handsome 
buildings  now  being  erected. 


k 


For  maps,  views,  particulars  and  free  passes  apply  to 

The  Arthur  Suburban  Home  Co., 

MAIN  OFFICE,  157  EAST  125TH  ST. 

!RANCH  OFFICES: 

26H    EAST    42D    STREET, 

338  BROADWAY  (Room  29), 

2607  THIRD  AVE. 


FREE 
MAIL 
DELIVERY. 


WATER 
IN  THE 
STREETS. 


(From  the  New  Turk  Sun,  July  31,  1892.) 

We  learn  credibly  that  The  Recorder  of 
this  city  is  now  printing  and  selling  over 
100,000  copies  of  its  Sunday  paper.  This  is  a 
remarkable  achievement  for  a  comparativelv 
young  newspaper,  and  can  be  the  result  only 
or  uncommon  energy  and  industry. 


Mme.  BESSIE  LAPAIX, 

23  West  30th  Street, 

BET.  BROADWAY  &  FIFTH  AVE. 


Importer  and  Manufacturer  of 


HEADQUARTERS    FOR 

Needlework   Tapestries 

French   Worsteds 

NEWEST    MATERIALS    FOR    KNITTING 
AND    CROCHET. 


Special  Designs  Made  to  Order. 


Favors 
For  the  German. 


Parisian  Novelties 
and  Bric-a-brac. 


TFE  opjGjiwop  * 


OF- 


*  yEf\\mj  bi^ixjc^:' 


^yiPBcncnER. 


457  W  u&%  <3t. 


THE  BARTHOLDI  STATUE  OF  LIBERTY 

ENLIGHTENING    THE    WORLD. 


ONE  OF  THE  WONDERS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


BOATS  LEAVE  THE  BATTERY  PARK  TERMINUS  FOR  BEDLOW'S  ISLAND 

Hourly,  viz:-A.  M.,  9:00,  10:00,  11:00,  12:00.  P.M.,  1:00,  2:00, 
3:00,  4:00,  5:00.  Returning,  leave  Island  at  A.  M.,  9:30,  10:30, 
11:30.    P.  M.,  12:30,  1:30,  2:30,  3:30,  4:30,  5:45. 

Round  Trip,  25  cents.      Visitors  admitted  to  the  Statue  Free. 


^gBSssBBEBBBXa 


Few  people  realize  bow  large  is  th;  Statue  of  Liberty  Enlightening  the  World,  till 
they  themselves  are  one  <>f  a  party  of  forty  standing  comfortably  in  Liberty's  head,  or  in  a 
group  of  11  standing  around  the  torch.  From  the  foundation  to  the  top  of  the  torch  the  dis- 
tance is  805W  feet.  The  hand  is  16  feet  5  inches  long.  This  Statue  is  by  far  the  largest  ever 
erected  in  the  world.    Everybody  should  visit  it. 


john  .a..  r».  ftsk:, 

ESTABLISHED     1840. 

76  Broad  Street  and  10-12  Market  field  Street,  New  York. 

(Directly  in  rear  of  Produce  Exchange.) 


Weight,  475  lbs. 

All  visitors  to  the  Columbian  Exposition  and  the  World's  Fair,  are 
invited  to  call  and  see  the  largest  restaurant  and  the  biggest  lump  of 
good  nature  in  America. 


HOYTWS  THEATRE 


24th  Street,  near  B'way 


HOYT  &   THOMAS Sole  Managers. 

f\  5F(ip  50 


fJOW    IJSI    ITS   SEGOJMD   ©OJNSEeUTIVE  YE/cR 
JkJ    TJHIS    TJHE/cTF(E. 

Euepii^s  at  8.30.  Saturday  (T\at  at  2. 


BROADWAY  CENTRAL  HOTEL, 

Nos.  667  to  677       — Midway  Between 

Opposite  Bond  Street.    NEW    Y  Q  R  K  .  Battery  and  Central  Park 

NOW    UNDER    ENTIRE    NEW    MANAGEMENT 

Who  have  recently  expended  over  ONE    HUNDKKD    THOUSAND    DOLLARS  in  a  thorough 

re-organization  of  this  immense  property,  by  far  the  largest  in  New  York,  and 

one  of  the  great  Hotels  of  the  World. 

LOCATION    UNSURPASSED! 

6th  AVENUE  STATION,  ELEVATED  RAILROAD,  Bleecker  Street,  one  block  in  the  rear. 

THE  NEW  RAPED  TRANSIT  CABLE  LINES  PASSING  THE  DOOR  run  the  entire  length  of 

Broadway  from  the  Battery  to  Central  Park,  passing  all  the  Fashionable 

Stores,  Theatres  and  attractions  of  the  city. 

GRAND  CENTRAL  DEPOT  Passengers  can  take  FOURTH  AVENUE  CARS  direct  to  Bond  St., 

ONE  BLOCK  IN  FRONT. 

Passengers  ARRIVING  BY  ANY  OF  THE  FERRIES,  or  either  FOREIGN  or  COASTWISE 
STEAMERS,  can  take  any  Cross-Town  Car,  or  walk  to  Broadway  and  take  Cable 
Cars  direct  to  the  Hotel.    ALL  CROSS-TOWN  CARS  TRANSFER  at  BROAD- 
WAY WITH  THE  CABLE  LINES,  or  via  the  6th  Avenue  Elevated, 
stopping  at  Bleecker  Street. 

THE  CENTRAL  WILL  BE  RUN  ON  BOTH  THE  AMERICAN  AND  EUROPEAN  PLANS 

THE  REGULAR  TARIFF  OF  CHARGES  FOR  EACH  PERSON  WILL  BE 

For  Room,  only       -        -     $1.00,  $1.50  and  $2.00  "\       According   to   Size,  Location 
"         M        and  Board  $2.50,  $3.00  and  $3.50    I   and  convenience,  and  whether 

"    Single  Meals       -----       75  Cents   f  occupied    by    ona     or     more 
Rooms  with  Parlor  or  Bath  extra.  J   persons. 

For  full  particulars,  send  for  circulars,  maps,  and  other  information  to 

UNITED    STATES  TILLY      HAYNES,         BROADWAY    CENTRAL 

HOTEL,  PROPRIETOR,  HOTEL, 

BOSTON.  CABLE    ADDRESS:  "  TILLY."  NEW    YORK. 


NO    CHIMNEY     REQUIRED. 
CLEAN,    NON-EXPLOSIVE, 
BURNS    ANYWHERE, 

BUT     TO     BEST     ADVANTAGE     IN     OUR 


Portable  Heaters, 
Kitchen,  Laundry 
and  Yacht  Stoves 
Carriage  and 
Foot  Warmers 


Q> 


# 


*-  j?  /  ^ 
<*>  .**  x>  s* 

£      <£      v^     -^ 


NO    FAMILY    CAN    AFFORD    TO    BE 
WITHOUT   THESE    GOODS. 


AVOID  CHILLY    ROOMS 


NO    SMOKE  I 

NO  SMELL! 

NO    GAS  ! 
Send  for  leaflet. 


Sold  throughout  the  House-furnishing, 
Stove  and  Plumbing  Trades. 

N;anufacturer8,    THE    AMERICAN    SAFETY    FUEL   COMPANY, 
37     CoRTLANOT    StRCCT.    NtW   YORK. 


$ 


ESTABLISHED  in  ,8o<f 

J  The  Old  New  York  Type  Foundry  % 


A.  D.  Farmer  and  Son 

TYPE  FOUNDING  CO. 

<»  LATE     KARMER,     LITTLE     «&_     C  O.    & 


<ts^ 


m 


% 


Ok 


wm 

VV'i 

Mm 

W 


^tf  Newspape 


cf*' 


e* 


Modern  Old  Styles,  Plain  and  Ornamental 

Brass,  Leads,  Slugs,  Furniture,  &c. 

Cases,  Cabinets,  Stands,  Brass  Galleys,  &c. 

ENTIRE    OUTFITS    SUPPLIED. 


t\to\c;\\  BROS . 

6th  AYE.  Cor.  23d  STREET. 

caso  — = 


THE  LEADING  HOUSE  IN  THIS  COUNTRY  FOR 

Dry  Goods,  Costumes, 

Upholstery, 
Cloaks,  Furs, 

Housekeeping  Goods, 

AND    AT 

EXCEEDINGLY  POPULAR  PRICES. 


Goods  purchased  by  our  out  oftown  friends,  delivered 
at  special  express  and  freight  rates. 


A  display  advertisement  is  like  the  heading 
of  an  article. 

A  reading  notice  is  the  article  itself. 

One  may  attract  attention,  the  other  holds 
it. 

A  display  advertisement  says,  "  Come  in 
and  buy." 

A  reading  notice  tells  why  a  purchase  should 
be  made. 

The  difference  between  the  two  forms  of 
advertising  is  like  that  between  a  letter  re. 
commending  goods  and  a  traveller's  interview 
with  a  customer.  With  a  reading  notice,  the 
seller  buttonholes  the  buyer. 

Always  Provided 

The  Reading  Notice 

Is  Properly  Written. 

B.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company,  211,  212, 213 
Temple  Court,  know  how  to  write  reading 
notices  properly. 


Raleigh  Cycles. 


ZIMMERMAN, 

BANKER, 
all  WHEELER, 

R'de  BERLO, 

RALEIGHS.  HESS. 


TRY  THEM. 


Raleigh  Cycle  Co.,  ud. 

1790    BROADWAY. 
Retail  Department,      -     NEW  YORK, 


JERE.  JOHNSON,  JR.'S  FLAG 

PROTECTED    BY    DECISION 

OF  SUPREME  COURT, 

NOV.  13th,  1888. 


DON'T  IMITATE  FLAG. 

'"§t  isba  sees  fottlj  Iris  eges  heltebes  in  Ins  (rear!" — Italian  Proverb, 


EVERYONE   WHO   IS   IN   NEW  YORK  at  the  time  of  the 
COLUMBUS    CELEBRATION 
should  not  fail  to  apply  to  me  for  free  passes,  and  visit  one  of 
the  following  suburban  properties  : 

MftffPf  AN  PfifiF    Tuckahoe  Station,  on  the  Harlem  R.  R.,  in 
lUV/ILIlUiiil  JTiillJlj  the  Fourth  Ward  of  the  City  of  Yonkers. 
Lots  30  x  100  feet  each  ;  from  $135  a-piece,  up. 

MfVRPTQ    DAPF    iust  beyond  Brooklyn,  on  the  Atlantic  Ave. 
IHVllIUD   ifiAiYj  Rapid  Transit  and  the   Long  Island   R.    R. 
Lots  from  $200  a-piece,  up. 

DEMOREST  ON  THE  HILLTOPS,  gESTT^ES 

25  x  150  feet  each  ;  from  $50  a-piece,  up. 
riADAVTX     two  miles  this  side  of  Flushing,  L.  I.      Lots  from  $120 

T  T7T717T7RTQ  PAR1T  close  to  the  Brooklyn  city  Line-     3° 

LlilTllIUO    rflllJi,  minutes  from  New  York 


Every  one  will  find  something  to  his  liking.     All  lots  ?nay  be 
paid  for  in  monthly  installments.     A 11  titles  are  insured. 


JERE.  JOHNSON,  Jr., 

189  &  191  MONTAGUE  ST., 

AND 

BROOKLYN. 


60  LIBERTY  STREET, 
NEW  YORK. 


;f[fl>lR!ilin|liiHfliHB!ni«!l|a:lF*e'i:.Bf  'fl;l'il  BISBOSQiaSES 


Interior  Decorations 


AND 


FURNISHINGS 


IMPORTED  and  DOMESTIC  WALL  PAPERS 


High  Class  Upholstery 


LARGE  VARIETY  OF  IMPORTED  RUGS 


Designing  a  Specialty. 


Suggestions    Submitted,    Artistically    Developed,    and 

Carried  Out    in  Harmony  with  the   Original 

Motive,  under  the  Supervision  of 

an  Expert. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED.     ESTIMATES  GIVEN 


UVU.  O.  SEIBEET, 

874  Broadway,  Cor.  18<h  St.,  -New  York  City. 


JOHN  MORGAN, 

Superior  MINERAL  WATERS 

takes  pleasure  in  calling  attention  to  the  following  communication  from 
Prof.  Chandler,  late  President  of  the  Board  of  Health  of  New  York  City  : 

"The  bearer,  Mk.  George  C.  Stone,  is  making  for  me 
analysis  of  water  in  use  in  Mineral  water  in  the  City 
for  the  manufacture  of  Mineral  waters.  Please  fur- 
nish him  with  a  sample  of  the  water  used  by  you,  and 
oblige,       C.  F.  Chandler,  President  Board  of  Health." 

Having  complied  with  the  above  request,  and  as  a 
result  of  the  analysis  of  tW  water  submitted,  the  fol- 
lowing communication  was  received  : 

Chemical  Society,  Columbia  College. 

11  I  have  analyzed  the  sample  of  water  which   I   took 
personally  from  your  place,  with  the  following  results  : 
Mineral  Salts,         .         .         .     2.89  grs.  per   U.  S.  Gallon. 
Organic  and  volatile  matter,       0.6     Si       "         kt     _    " 
Free  Ammonia,      .         .         .      0.4  parts   per  million. 
Albuminoid  Ammonia,  .         .     0.11     "  " 

At  the  time  I  made  the  above  analysis  I  also  made 
the  following  analysis  of  Croton  water,  drawn  directly 
from  the  taps  of  the  School  of  Mines  : 

Mineral  salts,  .         .         3.2  grs.  per  U.  S.  gallon. 

Organic  and  volatile  matter,  0.5  "  tk 
Free  Ammonia,  .  .  0.05  "  V 
Albuminoid,     .         .         .         0.11  "       " 

George  C.  Stone,  Ph.B." 

Further  analysis  to  ascertain  the  purity  of  the  water  brought  forth  the 
following  gratifying  results  : 

Columbia  College,  Chemical  Society. 
"JOHN    MORGAN",    Esq.— The  sample   of   water  submitted     to    me    contains     the    fol- 
lowing : 

Total  solid  residue,         .         .         2.21  grains. 

Organic  Prolatile  matter,      .         0.58  grains  per  U.  S.  gall,  of  231  cubic  inches. 
Free  Ammonia,       .         .         .         0.07  parts  per  million. 
Albuminoid,            .        .        .        o.n     "        "        " 
Yours  respectfully, 
Nath.  Hartaway,  Chemist." 

Circulars  explaining  the  superior  quality  of  these  waters  will  be  for- 
warded on  application  though  everybody  knows  them  at  least  by  name. 

Orders  in  New  York  or  vicinity  for  Imperial  Spring  Water,  Imperial 
Ginger  Ale,  or  Club  Soda,  are  filled  the  day  they  are  received,  whether  they 
come  by  mail  or  messenger  or  over  the  telephone  or  telegraph  wires. 
Address, 

JOHN  MORGAN,  343  to  347  West  39th  Street. 


George  3.  Brush's 
Dining  Rooms, 

(established  1858.) 

Nos.  14  to  18  PARK  PLACE,  and  11  BARCLAY  STREET. 


"  Good    meals,    well    cooked,    and    promptly    served,' 

is  our  motto. 


TO  our  old  patrons,  the  history  of  these  well  known  Dining  Rooms 
is  well  known,  and  to  our  new  friends  and  to  those  who  may 
visit  us,  a  brief  outline  of  the  career  of  this  famous  Restaurant  and 
cafe  will  doubtless  prove  interesting.  In  1858,  this  house  began  its 
long  and  successful  career  in  the  old  Times  Building,  at  the  junction 
of  Nassau  Street  and  Park  Row,  under  the  firm  name  of  Crook  &  Duff. 
A  few  years  afterward,  Mr.  Duff  retired  and  his  interest  was  taken 
by  Fox  and  Nash,  under  the  firm  name  of  Crook,  Fox  &  Nash.  Two 
more  changes  occurred  and  the  firm  became  known  as  Nash  & 
Fuller,  then  as  Nash  &  Crook.  Lack  of  accommodations,  owing  to 
the  steady  increase  of  business,  caused  the  removal  of  the  Restaurant 
to  the  present  location,  in  the  springof  1888.  On  January  29th,  1889, 
Mr.  Brush,  the  present  proprietor,  succeeded  to  the  interest  of  Mr. 
Crook,  and  the  firm  became  Nash  &  Brush,  three  years  after  which 
Mr.  Geo.  S.  Brush  became  sole  owner.  The  business  has  been  so 
enlarged  that  three  stores  on  Park  Place,  and  one  on  Barclay  Street, 
extending  through  the  block,  are  now  required  to  accommodate 
patrons  of  the  Restaurant. 

A  large  part  of  the  Vegetables,  Fruit,  Milk  and  Eggs  used  in  this 
Restaurant  are  raised  on  the  proprietor's  farm  at  Green  Lawn, 
Suffolk  Co.,  L.  I. 

This  establishment  is  admirably  located,  being,  in  the  centre  of 
the  down-town  business  section  of  the  city,  and  surrounded  by  the 
principal  public  buildings,  including  the  City  Hall,  the  Post  Office 
and  the  Courts,  besides  being  contiguous  to  the  chief  ferries  and 
other  outlets  and  inlets  to  the  city. 

A  large  clock  marks  the  spot. 


John  H.  Woodbury,  Dermatologist,  125  West  42c!  St., 
New  York  City,  Specialist  on  skin,  scalp,  nervous  and  blood 
diseases,  also  facial  disfigurements,  like  birthmarks,  moles, 
warts,  India  ink  and  powder  marks,  superfluous  hair, 
pimples,  redness  of  the  nose,  scars,  pock  marks,  also  facial 
development.  Consultation  free  at  office  or  by  letter.  In- 
ventor of  Woodbury's  Facial  Soap. 

John  H.  Woodbury  for  twenty  years  has  had  practical 
experience  in  treating  the  above  diseases.  It  counts  with 
an  intelligent  public  because  it  is  known  that  during  that 
time  he  has  made  more  valuable  discoveries  than  any  other 
Dermatologist,   living  or  dead. 

One  of  the  results  of  the  above 
experience  is  Woodbury's  Facial 
Soap,  and  it  can  readily  be  seen 
that  his  vast  experience  enables 
him  to  produce  a  soap  far  su- 
perior to  anything  else  of  the 
kind  ever  invented,  as  no  soap 
manufacturer  has  ever  had  any 
experience  as  a  Dermatologist. 
One  important  ingredient  in 
this  soap  is  an  antiseptic,  which 
kills  the  germs  of  disease,  and 
it  is  impossible  to  contract  a 
skin  disease  in  a  Barber's  shop  or  elsewhere  if  this  soap  is 
used.  This  alone  would  make  it  a  most  valuable  article, 
and  in  connection  with  the  other  medicinal  qualities  of  high 
merit  which  it  contains  make  it  a  very  important  adjunct  to 
the  toilet  table  and  shaving  cup.  These  are  facts — use  and 
prove. 

A  sample  cake  and  145  page  book  sent  sealed  for  10c. 


3L)Gg'or 


Established   1846.        THE  BEST  ! 

—  253,000  SOLD 


Estey  Pianos 

UNSURPASSED. 

ESTEY  &  SAKE, 

5  East  14th  Street,       NEW  YORK 
DUFOUE    &c    GO'S 

OLD   ANCHOR    BRAND 


Bolting  Cloth. 


ACKNOWLEDGED 


SOLE   IMPORTER, 
15  South  William  St.,  New  York  City. 


The  Wants  of  the  Business  Man. 

The  Business  Man  seeking  a  suburban  home  wishes  to  locate 
where  the  conveniences  of  country  life  are  associated  with  those 
of  the  city;  where  the  distance  traveled  each  day  brings  his  place 
of  residence  near  that  of  his  business  by  the  rapidity  of  transpor- 
tation; the  prompt  departure  and  arrival  of  all  trains  and  boats; 
where  well-equipped  cars,  handsome  and  commodious  boats,  large 
and  fine  ferry  houses,  all  together,  make  life  in  the  suburbs  pleas- 
ant. The  Family  Man  must  locate  where  there  are  Churches  and 
good  Schools.     Of  all  suburban  places  none  can  be  compared  to 

Staten  Island,  "The  Isle  of  The  Sea," 

One  grand  cotnbination  of  beautiful  villages,  on  high  ground, 
with  good  roads,  and  within  si?ht  of  New  York  City. 

BOATS    LEAVE 

Foot  of  Whitehall  Street  (adjoining  South  Ferry),  terminus  of  all  Elevated 

Railroads,  and  the  Broadway,  West  and  South  Street  Cars 

EVERY    TWENTY     MINUTES 

Connecting  with  trains  on  the  Rapid  Transit  Railroad  at  St.  George 

FOR    ALL    POINTS    ON    THE    ISLAND. 

ESTABLISHED     1868. 

National  Fine  Art  Foundery 

MAURICE    J.    POWER, 
No.  218  East  25th  Street,  New  York. 


REAL  BRONZE    STATUARY  OF  ANY  SIZE 

CAST    TO    ORDER. 


ARTISTIC  MEMORIALS    IN  BRONZE  AND  GRANITE 

FOR    PARKS    AND    CEMETERIES. 


Soldiers'  Monuments  a  Specialty. 


Architects'   Designs   Executed.    -    Designs  for   Special   Subjects. 


wit 


»4£— p 


Established  i     anipc  l  1,000,000 

1 882.  LA UILOI  IN  USE. 

Our  Eradicator  Effectually  Removes  INK  BLOTS 
(Old  or  New),  also  FRUIT  and  VEGETABLE  STAINS 
from  Fine  Linens,  Laces,  Cashmeres,  Carpets,  Table 
Covers,  Hard  Wood,  Ivory  and  Marble,  and  Ink  Stains 
from  the  Fingers.  IT  will  not  Burn,  Rot,  or  Destroy  the 
Fabric,  as  it  contains  no  Stro?ig  or  Poisonous  acids.  Testi- 
monials from  those  who  have  used  it  sent  on  application. 

Put  up  in  25  and  50  cent    Boxes. 

Book-keepers  and  the  writing  community  in  general  will 

find  our  goods  indispensable  for  Office  use. 

gaSSA!.*  27  Union  Square,  Hew  York  City,  P.  S.  A. 
SPEKCER  REPEATO  SHOT  GDH  -SIX  SHOTS  1  THREE  SECONDS. 


FRANCIS  BANNERMAN,  27  FRONT  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 

Manufacturer  Armory,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.— 3  Seconds  work  with  the  Spencer. 


Francis    Bannerman,   27  Front  St., 

First  door  north  of  Broad  St. 
Dealers   in  Cannons,    Projectiles,  Car- 
tary    Equip- 


Rifles.    Swords, 


Mi 
ments,    Flagrs,    Tents,    Saddles.    Spears, 
Revolvers,  Pistols,  War  Relics,  Trophies, 
Autographs,  Military  Curiosities,  etc. 

Our  Salesroom  is  pronounced  one  of  the 
finest  Military  Museums  in  the  country, 
and  is  one  of  the  sights  of  the  city.  Visit- 
ors are  welcome.  Description  and  prices 
marked  on  each  article. 


ESTABLISHED     1856. 

HENRY  MAURER  &  SON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF * 

HOLLOW  BRICK 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  FOR 

Fife  Proof  BUJLDJFGS 


(Flat  Aran  for  Floors  and  Ceilings,  Iron  Beam  Protection,  Patented, 
June  3d,  1884.) 
Also  FIRE,  BRICK  AND  CLAY  GAS  RETORTS. 


Works  : 


Main   Office  :  I  Philadelphia  Office 

Manrer,  Mew  Jersey.    420E.25dSt.,H.Y.City.l     18  South  7th  St. 

N.  B.  Send  for  our  descriptive  catalogues  on  "Fire  Brick"  and  "^ire  Proofiug.' 


Every  experienced  merchant  knows  that  his 
first  business  letters  were  pretty  poor  stuff. 
The  epistolary  models  he  now  dictates  are  the 
result  of  years  of  constant  practice.  Yet, 
because  he  does  write  perfect  business  com- 
munications, it  by  no  means  follows  that 
he  can  write  a  good  advertisement  or  circular. 
That  is  an  art  acquired  after  steady  work, 
only  by  those  who  have  a  special  talent  for  it. 
It  is  money  saved  to  employ  an  expert  to  do 
writing  of  this  kind,  as  any  merchant»may 
prove,  when  next  about  to  advertise  or  issue 
a  circular,  by  applying  to 

R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company, 

211,  212,  213  Temple  Court, 
New  York, 
for  the  services  of  a  skilled  advertising  writer. 


AND  ALL  USERS  OF  HAND 

C  AMERJLS 

while  visiting  the  great  metropolis,  will  find 
it  to  their  convenience  to  drop  in  here  and  have 
their  plates  or  films  developed ;  apparatus 
reloaded,  inspected  or  repaired,  or  taken  charge 
of  during  temporary  absences  elsewhere,  [this 
free  of  charge  and  covered  by  insurance] ;  or  to  receive  advice  as  to  the  best 
and  most  accessible  points  of  interest  to  the  photographer  in  the  city. 

Pass  tickets  to  the  public  parks — without  which  cameras  are  not  admit- 
ted— we  will  furnish  in  limited  numbers  to  visitors,  without  expense  to  them. 
Two  dark  rooms  always  open  to  customers.     Send  one  cent  stamp  to 
cover  postage  for  pocket  catalogue,  or  call  for  it  in  person. 

We  are  on  the  west  side  of  the  street — do  not  confound  us  with  parties 
on  the  opposite  side.  Constantly  on  hand,  all  makes  of  cameras,  all  brands 
of  plates,  films,  chemicals  and  accessories,  in  fact  we  are  dealers  in  photo- 
graphic materials  solely.  It  is  not  a  side  issue  with -us,  and  we  are  not 
afraid  to  answer  questions.     Kodaks  from  $6.00  to  $65.00. 

THE  OBEIG  O-A-IMIEIR,^  OO 

A.  C.  WILMERDING  Proprietor. 

West  Side  near  Cortlandt  St       -       -       -        163  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK, 

The  American  Bank  Reporter, 

Published  Every  Sixty  Days.  Oldest  and  IQOSt  Widely 

Containing  a  complete  list  of  all  banks  in  the  United  States  and  PirPlllfl  tPfl  RflTlIf  Pllh 
Canada,  together  with  a  list  of  the  more  important  foreign  insti-  UlTuUiaWJU  DGilA.  I 
tutions,  giving  names  of  officers,  correspondentSj  and  capital, 
surplus,  etc.  List  of  towns  without  banking  facilities  with  nearest 
banking  points.  Bank  directors  in  the  principal  cities.  List  of 
reliable  attorneys  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Synopsis 
of  banking  and  commercial  laws  of  the  various  States  and  Ter- 
ritories.    Alphabetical  list  of  all  officers,  and  much  other  valuable 

information.  Business  Established  1836. 

Subscription  Price,  $4.00  per  Annum. 


lications  in  America. 


The  American  Banker, 

Issued  Weekly. 

The  best  financial  advertising  medium.  Its  circulation 
treble  that  of  any  similar  publication.  A  40  page 
weekly  supplement  to  The  American  Bank  Reporter. 

Subscription  Price,  $4.00  per  Annum. 


Anth*ny  Stumpr.     Oka*.  L>.  IU«r«r. 

ANTHONY  STUMPF  &  CO. 

PUBLISH  BUI, 
48  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 


UNDERWOOD'S 

Counterfeit  Reporter, 

Issued  l$i-Monthly. 

Only  Reliable  Authority   on   Counterfeits. 

Subscription  Price,  $2.00  per  Annum, 


<&r%&*c*dzw 


PATENT 


Woven  Wire 
Baby  Carriage. 


THE  ONLY  SANITARY  CARRIAGE 
ON  EARTH. 


The  Reed  and  Rattan  Carriage  Con- 
demned by  the  Medical  Profession. 

Manufactured  by 

URIAH  McCLINCHIE  &  CO., 

219  Grand  St. 


BUY  A 


Graphoscope 


$5.00  UPWARDS. 


You  will  find  one  to 
be  a  handsome  orna- 
ment, and  a  great  aid 
to  magnify  the  views 
of  New  York. 


ESTABLISHED  1842. 


SPECIAL  ATTENTION 


WALDSTEIN 

Optical  Co. 

BEST  SPECTACLES 

AND 

EYE-GLASSES, 

At  Reasonable  Prices. 

WALDSTEIN, 

41  UNION  SQUARE, 

Cor.  17th  Street. 

BROADWAY 

CAR  STOPS  AT  STORE 
GIVEN  TO 


THE  BEST 

OPERA  GLASSES 

IN  NEW  YORK. 

$3.00  TO  $50.00. 

EACH. 


Marine  Glasses, 

$6  00  UPWARDS. 


OCULISTS'  PRESCRIPTIONS. 


THE  VENDOME 


Turkish,  Russian, 
Roman  and  Electric 


BATHS 


Exclusively  for  Ladies.     Open  9  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M. 

130  West  41st  Street, 

Under  Hotel  Vendome,  near  Broadway. 


BATHS   ONLY  ONE   DOLLAR  EACH 

Including   Massage   and  Alcohol. 


SPECIAL  NOTICE,  ^^a&Tr4 

Corpulency  Specialist  in  the  Office. 

Choice  California  Wines  and  Brandies. 

IN    BULK    AND    CASES. 

. .  SPECIALITIES : 

2&       Private  Stock  Red  and 


■X 


yy        White  Wines. 

fch*     Selections  from  our  own  Vint- 
ages, and  bottled  at  our 
Vaults. 


Main  Office : 

No.  11-13  First  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Wineries  &  Distilleries : 

Napa    City,    Yountville,    St.    Helena. 

Eastern  Office  : 

25  William  Street,  New  York. 

Orders  promptly  executed  from  our 
New  York  Warehouses.  We  offer  also 
afloat  and  for  Shipment  from  Cali- 
fornia. 


WE  offer  MUNICIPAL,  RAILROAD 
and  other  Corporation  Bonds, 
netting  from  4  to  6  per  cent,  on  the 
investment. 


PARTICULARS   UPON   APPLICATION. 


8  Congress  Street,  Boston. 

33  Wall  Street,  New  York. 

WE    DELIVER    A    BICYCLE    FOR     IK  £)      C/\Sll 

The    Balance    may    be    Paid,    in    Twelve    Equal 
Installments,  One  Month  Apart. 

Victor,  Blackhawk,  Crescent,  Credenda,  Juno,  Rob  Roy 

COMPLETE    LINE.        CUSHION     OR    PNEUMATIC. 
1892  Models,  New  and  FuUy  Guaranteed. 


EQUITABLE    GENERAL    PROVIDING    COMPANY, 

Rooms,    68     and    69—29    Broadway. 

Cochran's  Tonic  Cordial  Calisaya. 

The  Best  Brain,  Nerve,  Stomach  Tonic  and  Appetizer,  Specific  for 

and  Preventive  of  Malaria.     For  Exhaustion  and  Nervous 

Debility  from  Physical  and  Mental  Fatigue. 

Also  Manufacturers  of  Creme  de  Menthe  Orange  Bitters,  Cordiate, 

Etc.    Cochran's  System  Regulator  a  Pleasant  and 

Agreeable  Laxative. 

GEORGE  T.  COCHRAN  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURING    CHEMISTS, 
97  Pearl  and  60  Stone  Streets       ....       NEW  YORK  CITY. 


FURNITURE  AND  CARPETS 


Bed  Room  Suits  in  Oak  from  $10  to  $50. 


BRUSSELS   CARPETS, 

From  45c.  to  $1.05  per  yard. 


FOLDING  BEDS, 

From  $T.OO  to  $75.00. 


At  D.  M.  BROWN'S,  aSBST1  N.  Y. 


$18.05  to  $45.00.      Agent  for  the  NEW  HOME  and  DOMESTIC  MACHINES. 


A  display  advertisement  is  like  the  heading 
of  an  article. 

A  reading  notice  is  the  article  itself. 

One  may  attract  attention,  the  other  holds 
it. 

A  display  advertisement  says,  "Come  in 
and  buy.1'  •• 

A  reading  notice  tells  why  a  purchase  should 
be  made. 

The  difference  between  the  two  forms  of 
advertising  is  like  that  between  a  letter  re- 
commending goods  and  a  traveller's  interview 
with  a  customer.  With  a  reading  notice,  the 
seller  buttonholes  the  buyer, 

Always  Provided 

The  Reading  Notice 

Ic  Properly  Written. 

R.  Wayne  Wilson  and  Company,  211, 212,  213 
Temple  Court,  know  how  to  write  reading 
notices  properly. 


.: Rational  »  Pie  «  BAKERY>  :* 

320  Monroe   Street, 

ItTeaotr    a-:r>a,:o_(3.    St.,  :isnEW    TORK. 

Miiller  Bros.,  Proprietors. 
The  Burlington,  32  East  14th  Street, 

THE    CHEAPEST    HOUSE    IN    THE    CITY    FOR 

Glass,  China,  Bric-a-Brac,  Bisques,  Etc. 

EXTRAORDINARY    BARGAINS    IN 

PLA  TES,  CUPS  AND  SAUCERS,  ICE  CREAM  SETS,  DINNER  SETS,  FISH  SETS,  GAME 
SETS,  TEA  SETS,  Etc.     A  Splendidly  Decorated  ICE  CREAM  SET  (Carls- 
bad China),  13  Pieces,  (1  large  Platter  and  12  small  dishes),  for  $1.89. 

INSPECTION    CORDIALLY    INVITED. 
Soznetliing    New! 

.Axicliorecl  Soap  I 

A  Household  Necessity. 

THIS  Soap  is  exactly  what  its  name  would  indicate — anchored.  The  soap 
cakes  are  supplied  with  a  non-corrosive  anchor  having  an  eye  extending 
out  from  the  cake,  so  that  it  may  be  suspended  after  use  and  allowed  to  become 
dry,  instead  of  placing  it  in  the  soap  disb,  where  it  becomes  sok,  injuring  the 
quality,  causing  it  to  become  rancid,  making  it  unhealthful  and  unpleasant  to  use. 
We  put  up  a  Nickel  Plated  Stand  with  three  cakes  Milled  Toilet  Soap,  com- 
plete in  box,  25c.  Write  for  circular. 


TOILET 


THE  OSTROM  &  LINCOLN  CO.,  SE^S^S™-1 


CONN. 


COLUMBUS  AND  CAMPAIGN  GOODS ! 
WILLIAM  J.  A.  LIEDER, 

IMPORTER  AND  JOBBER  OF  TOYS  AND  FANCY  GOODS, 

90,  92,  94  Park  Row,  Near  Brooklyn  Bridge,  New  York  City. 

NEW  AND  SALABLE  NOVELTIES  CONSTANTLY  ARRIVING. 


City  and  out-of-town  Dealers  will  do  well  to  give  me  a  call. 


SAB1N. 

80  Nassau  St.. 


New  York. 


Old  and  Valuable 

BOOKS,  PRINTS  AND  ENGRAVINGS. 

Special  attention  given  to  the 
needs  of  collectors  of  rare,  fine 
and  standard  works. 

GENERAL,  SERVICES  AS  AGENT  IN  BUYING 
OR  SELLING,  VALUATION,  &c. 


A  URGE  STOCK  OF  PORTRAITS  AHD  PLATES. 


NEW    YORK    ARTISTS' 

Packing   and  Shipping  Co. 

J.     HARRISON    MILLS,     President. 


Receives  Pictures  for  all  New  York  Exhibitions,  and   those  of  the 

American  Circuit  of  Art  exhibitions. 

Picture   StoriDg,    Shipping   and   Handling   in   General. 

The  Hanging  of  Private  and  Public  Collections  of  Pictures  a  specialty.    Particular 

attention  given  to  Packing  of  Pictures,  Bric-a-Brac  or  articles  that  require  careful 

handling,    framing  and  Gilding  in  all  its  Branches. 

Prices  reasonable.        Work  of  the  first  quality. 

147    East    23rd    Street,        -  New    York. 

Jersey  Suits,    Kilt  Suits,    Sailor  Suits,    Reefers,    Blazers, 

Junior  Zouaves,  Three-piece  Suits;  also, 

Washable  Suits. 

Adler  &  Mendelson, 

MANUFACTURERS    OF     NOVELTIES    FOR 

Boys'  and  Children's  Wear, 

634  BROADWAY,   NEW  YORK. 

NEAR   BLEECKER  STREET. 

OILLESS  BEARINGS. 

METALINED  BUSHES  for  use  in  LOOSE  PUL- 
LEYS, PULLEY  BLOCK  SHEAVES,  LINE  AND 
COUNTER  SHAFT  BOXES,  &c,  require  no  lub- 
rication whatever,  either  at  the  start  or  occasionally 
afterward.  

For  further  particulars  and  testimonials,  address — 

NORTH  AMERICAN  MET  ALINE  CO.,  (sole  manufacturers), 

West  Ave.,  3d  and  4th  Streets,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 


EBENEZER  K.  WRIGHT,  ARTHUR  LEARY, 

President.  Vice-President. 

GEORGE  S.  HICKOK,  EDWARD  J.  BALDWIN, 

Cashier.  Ass't.  Cashier. 


::THE:: 

NATIONAL  PARK  BANK 

OF  NEW  YORK. 


Capital,    -    -     -    -    $2,000,000. 
Surplus,  -    -    -    -     $2,800,000. 


Extensive  Safety  Vaults  for  the  Convenience 
of  Depositors  and  Investors. 


ENTRANCE    ONLY    THROUGH    THE    BANK. 


DIRECTORS: 

Arthur  Leary.  George  S.  Hart.  W.  Rockhill  Potts. 

Eugene  Kelly.  Charles  Sternbach.  August  Belmont. 

Ebenezer  K.  Wright.    Charles  Scribner.  Richard  Delafield. 

Joseph  T.  Moore.  Edward  C.  Hoyt.  Francis  R.  Appleton. 

Stuyvesant  Fish.  Edward  E.  Poor.  John  Jacob  Astor. 


**\* 


THE 


Columbian  Fair  Excursion  Co. 

(OF  CHICAGO), 

280    Broadway,    NEW  YORK. 

THIS  COMPANY,  controlling  FIVE  NEW  HOTELS,  was  organized  in  August, 
1891,  (Incorporated),  and  is  doing  business  all  over  the  United  States. 
It  is  issuing  certificates  now  for 

(NEW  YORK  F^ATE),    $45.50. 

.Entitling  holders  to  the  following  advantages  : 

First-class  ticket  over  any  line  to  and  from  Chicago. 

Free  transfer  to  and  from  Depots  and  Hotels,  with  baggage. 

Seven  days'  room  and  lodging  in  Company's  Hotels. 

Six  Admissions  to  the  Exposition. 

Stop  over  at  Niagara  Falls  if  desired. 
CERTIFICATES  SECURING  THESE  PRIVILEGES  can  be  obtained  now  on 
payment  of  $5.00.    The  balance  can  be  paid  in  one  or  more  payments  any  time  before 
April,  1893,  to  any  of  the  following  banks  : 

CONTINENTAL  TRUST  CO.,  18  Wall  Street,  New  York. 

MUTUAL  BANK,  34th  Street  &  8th  Avenue,  N.  Y. 

MOUNT  MORRIS  BANK,  Park  Avenue  &  125th  Street,  N.  Y. 

BROOKLYN  BANK,  Clinton  &  Fulton  Streets,  Brooklyn. 

HUDSON  CO.  NAT'L  BANK,  Jersey  City. 

FIDELITY  TITLE  &  DEPOSIT  CO.,       Newark,  N.  J. 

NATIONAL  BANK  OF  NEW  JERSEY,    New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

PEOPLE'S  BANK,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

tw~*~   +i,^  t™«    -vt.  i ,.  i  ■-..  .  1 1, .  •..«  •  I  Absolute  security  for  money  deposited. 
Note   the  Two   Main  Featuies  .  -(  Absolute  securitJ  of  Accommodations. 

"  This  company  is  in  a  position  to  fulfill  all  it  promises  and  undertakes  to  do.M— Boston 
Traveler,  March  9, 188-'. 

"  Can  be  strongly  recommended  to  the  readers  of  this  paper  everywhere.  ''"'—Commercial 
and  Financial  Times,  New  York,  February  20,  1892. 

"  The  organization  has  good  financial  standing  and  its  hotel  accommodations  are  as  low 
in  price  as  it  is  possible  to  give  satisfaction  to  its  patrons. "  —  School,  May  19, 1892. 

'  It  is  a  World's  Fair  and  it  is  beyend  all  question  that  many  thousands  will  have  to 
submit  to  great  crowding  and  inconvenience,  and  be  obliged  to  find  lodgings  miles  away 
from  the  grounds.  Here  is  just  where  the  prudence  and  foresight  of  the  Columbian  Fair 
Excursion  Company  comes  in.  Not  only  are  its  hotels  all  new  and  newly  furnished,  but 
all  are  within  a  few  minutes1  walk  of  the  fair  ;  and  it  is  surprising  that  with  all  its  advan- 
tages it  has  put  its  price  so  low.  It  is  indorsed  by  the  leading  business  men  and  banks 
throughout  the  country,  and  intending  visitors  cannot  possibly  do  belter  than  secure  its 
privileges  without  delay."— Dry  Goods  Retailer  and  Jobber,  June,  1892. 

Applications,  Illustrated  Circular  and  Full  Particulars  can  be  obtained 
from 

GRAHAM  &  EVANS,  Gen'l  Agents,  280  Broadway,  New  York. 

C.  W.  HUGHES,  Sole  Agent  for  Long  Island, 

66  Court  Street,  Brooklyn. 


#"i 


YOUNG'S 


RICH  IN  FRAGRANCE. 

DELICATE,  PERMANENT, 

UNIFORM  IN  QUALITY. 

Apple  Bloom.  *    * 


/  oz.  Booties,  75c.  AND 

2  oz.  Bottles,  $1.25. 


Lily  Bells. 


If  you  cannot  obtain   them    at    your  Druggist's  we 
will  send  direct  on  receipt   of  price. 


CALL  AND  EXAMINE  OUR  PERFUMES. 

Dealers  furnished  with  PRICE  LISTS  on  application. 

RICHARD  D.  YOUNG  PERFUMERY  CO. 

I48  DUANE  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


1 

I 

I 

1 

I 

I 

/ 


17  ROM  the  time  when 
1  the  REMINGTON 
Typewriter  —  the  first 
practical  writing  ma- 
chine— was  taken  to  the 
famous  Remington  Gun 
Works  in  1873,  till  the 
present  day,  the  policy 
of  careful,  constant  and  progressive  improvement, 
there  inaugurated,  has  been  steadily  carried  on. 

'T^HE  same  policy  will  be  pursued  unceasingly 
"       in   the  future.     Patents   for  improvements 
to  this  King  of  Typewriters  are  constantly  issu- 
ing.    It  is  now  covered  by 

£Q  PATENTS,  most  of  them  having  from 
*-*  ***     twelve  to  seventeen  years  to  run. 

Zl  MPLE  guarantee  is  thus  afforded  to  our  pa- 
*  *  trons  that  they  will  not  be  subjected  to  the 
annoyances  incident  to  the  use  of  other  machines 
on  account  of  suits  for  infringement. 

T^HE  REMINGTON  is  to-day  not  only  Unsur- 
*       passed,  but   Unapproached  'for   Excellence 
of   Design   and   Construction,  Quality   of  Work, 
Simplicity  and  Durability. 


/ 


Wyckoff,  geamans  §  Benedict, 

327  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


I  FLEISCHMANN'S 

(VEGETABLE    VCACT 
COMPRESSED   I  CAD  I 

HAS  NO  EQUAL. 


C.H.^mims&$ons 


ERS 


Fine  Ales  and  Stout 


BOTTLED 

IMA  PALE  ALE 

and 

BROWN  STOUT. 


#B<«0 


127  Hudson  Street 

New  York  City. 


Hudson, 

N.  Y. 


BNlNtift  C0\iVi\\lS  S  HOTTMiU, 

Eighth  Avenue  and  56th  Street,  New  York. 


(I^TFO^Dg 


and 


BoKjT  Wheel?. 


Sole    Uptown    Agents 

CO\i\*\&B\tiB\CNC\iS.S 


&  poxhter  tor  V\sy\ops. 

A  Reliable  Shopping  Mart. 

We  recommend  as  a  good  and  responsible  establishment 
for  the  purchase  of  popular  lines  of 

Dry  Goods,  Ladies'  and  Children's  Costumes. 

Cloaks,  Jackets,  Dress  Goods,  Fancy  Articles. 
Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  Underwear  and  Hosiery. 

Housefurnishing  Goods  and  Upholstery. 


THE    WELL-KNOWN    HOUSE    OF    THE    MASSES. 


8th  Avenue,  between  40th  and  41st  Streets. 


SMITH'S  :  CONSOLIDATED  :  CORK. 

PATENTED. 


<    i 


LIFE  PRESERVERS, 

RING  BUOYS, 

FENDERS, 

;C0RK  CUSHIONS. 

^*»    Approved    by    Government 
A  uthorities. 


OFFICE    OF    FACTORY 

159    SOUTH     STREET, 


NEW    YORK. 


Men  and  Women   Differ  in  Character 


A    PHRENOLOGICAL    EXAMINATION 

Will  show  what  y^ou  are:  Natural  Talents— how  to  make  the  most  of  them, 
and  thereby  in  what  spheres  and  pursuits  you  can  best  succeed;  direct  you 
specially  what  faculties  you  require  to  cultivate  and  restrain ;  give  all  needed 
advice  touching  self-improvement;  show  throughout  how  to  develop  perfect, 
and  make  the  most  out  of  yourself;  disclose  to  parents  their  children's  innate 
capabilities,  natural  callings,  dispositions,  mode  of  government  especially 
adapted  to  each,  and  can  be  made  the  best  instrumentality  for  Personal  Im- 
provement and  Happiness.  Phrenology  explains  exactly  where  each  indi- 
vidual stands.    Private  examination  with  charts  made  daily  at  our  new  rooms. 

FOWLER  &  WELLS  CO.,  27  East  21st  Street  [near  Broadway]. 

HEADS  and  FACES:   How  to  Study  Them,  40c.  by  mail;  100,000  sold. 

THE  AGLOSSA  PINGUINALIS 

is  excessively  rare;  but 

BOOKWORMS 

Can  always  find  Bargains  at  our  Store. 


We  are  Experts  at  Hunting  up  Old  Books. 

try  us ! 

Calls  and  Correspondence  Solicited. 


S.  F.  McLEAN  &  CO., 


13  Cooper  Union, 


New  York. 


The  Glen  Manufacturing  Co. 

The  Haverhill  Paper  Co. 


NEWSPAPER 


AND 


WOOD  PULP 


Boston  Office      -     -      GLOBE  BUILDING. 
N.  Y    Office    -    -    TRIBUNE  BUILDING. 


TYPE- 
FOUNDRY- 


James   Conner's   Sons. 


CENTRE,    READE   AND    DUANE    STREETS, 
NEW    YORK. 


A  GENERAL  BANKING  BUSINE8S  TRANSACTED. 


J-lollapd  Srust  Qompapy, 

33  NASSAU  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


CAPITAL,  ------  3500,000.00. 

SURPLUS  AND   PROFITS,  -  3578,171.45. 


Pursuant  to  Section  44,  of  Chapter  689,  Laws  of  1892,  (the  New  Banking 
Law),  this  Company  is  designated  by  the  Superintendent  of  the  State  Bank- 
ing Department  as  a  DEPOSITARY  OF  LAWFUL  MONEY  RESERVE. 

Deposits  received,  payable  on  demand  or  on  time. 

Interest  allowed  on  average  daily  balances. 

Acts  as  Administrator  or  Guardian  under  Wills,  and  Registrar  or 
Trustee  for  Railroad  Companies. 

Legal  Depository  for  Trust  Funds. 


OFFICERS: 

JOHN  D.  VERMEULE,  President.  GEO.  M.  VAN  HOESEN,  Vice-President. 

WARNER  VAN  NOROEN,  Vice-President.  JAS.  B.  VAN  WOERT,  Secretary. 


WATSON  &  GIBSON, 

BANKERS  and  BROKERS, 
55  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Private  Wires  to  the  Stock  Exchanges  of  Boston 
and  Philadelphia. 


Inquiries  by  person  or  by  letter  of  European  visitors,  who  desire  to 
inform  themselves  as  to  the  methods  of  business  and  securities  dealt  in  on 
the  American  Stock  Exchanges,  will  be  cheerfully  answered. 


If  you're  in  doubt  as  to  the  best  place  to  buy 
any  article  of  men's  wear,  call  on 

A.  RAYMOND  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  and  Purveyors  of 

MEN'S    CLOTHING,    FURNISHINGS, 

HATS,  SHOES,  &c. 

NASSAU    &    FULTON    STS. 


Bear  Lithia  Water 

"  Bear  Lithia  Water,"  says  Dr.  Louis  A. 
Sayre,  "  is  a  great  remedy  for  Gout." 


Dr.  R.  M.  C.  Page  says  :  "  I  have  tried  all 
the  Lithia  Waters,  and  find  the  Bear  Lithia 
the  best  for  Uric  Acid  Diathesis." 


IT  IS  A  REMEDY  for  all  diseases  arising 
from  a  waste  in  the  system  produced  by 
indigestion.  Teething  children,  almost 
at  death's  door,  can  be  cured  at  once  with  this  Water.  Young  ladies  with 
pimples  and  blotches  on  the  skin,  caused  always  by  dyspepsia,  are  cured 
immediately.  Old  men  with  Gout  and  old  ladies  with  Kidney  troubles  are 
at  once  relieved  by  the  Water,  if  they  will  use  it  with  the  diet  that  the  Bear 
Lithia  Water  Co.  recommends.  Send  to  945  Broadway  for  directions  and 
advice.  The  Sparkling  Water  is  the  finest  for  table  use  in  the  World.  All 
leading  Druggists  and  Grocers  should  have  this  Water  ;  if  not,  send  direct 
to  the  Company's  office  for  it. 

BEAR    LITHIA    WATER   CO.,    Near  ELKTON,  VIRGINIA, 


A  Fancy  Box  in    polished  hard  wood,  with   a  moistening  device 

for   keeping   fresh 

Cigars,  Cigarettes  and  Tobacco. 

CHAS.  N.  SWIFT  M'F'G  CO.,  404-408E.  32dSt.,New  York. 


WQfflN  WW. 


When  Visiting  New  York, 

DB 


Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  upon 

SULLIVAN,  DREW  *  CO, 


Nos.  600-602  BROADWAY. 


ASK  YOUR  DEALER  FOR 

Scarf8  apd  SusPeI1^erS 


Bearing    our   Trade-Mark: 


WC&W 


THEY    ARE    THE    BEST    MADE. 

Weld,  Colburn  &  Wilckens, 


MANUFACTURERS, 
593     JBr*o«fccixxr«,y,    KTexv 


•^Children's  *  paradise,^ 

820-BROADWAY-820 


DOLLS, 


roYS 


GAMES, 


SOUVENIRS  AND  NOVELTIES, 
GEO.  F.  LANGENBACHER, 

820   BROADWAY,   near  12th  STREET. 


ESTABLISHED     1849. 


L.   RAUCHFUSS, 

Wi6  Maker, 

44    EAST    TWELFTH    STREET, 

Near    Broadway,     New     York. 
3ST-    B. — S©ii.ci    iEoil?    -m  y    circiilar. 


AMERICAN     TELEPHONE    BOOTH     COMPANY, 
Telephone    Building,  18   Cortlandt    Street,  New  York. 

Patent    Folciing    Booths. 


cost. 


We  offer  Telephone  Subscribers  a  sound-proof  folding  Telephone  Booth  at  a  moderate 

These  Booths  are  made  double,  with  an  air  space  between  the  inside  and  outside  case. 
This  renders  them  sound-proof,  insuring  absolute  privacy  when  using  the  telephone. 

They  are  made  of  either  oak  or  cherry— with  plate  glass  windows,  and  are  h\/Wv 
finished— thus  adding  an  ornamental  article  of  furniture  in  any  office.  ^r 

The  sides  of  these  booths  are  made  to  fold  so  that  they  can  be  set  up  or  taken  >A 
five  minutes,  by  two  men,  without  any  tools  whatever.  3 


—7* 


7  \     *•        RICH*0*" 


| ;  .Ammnralrif^hanr^Srirgrapli  (& 

7  18  OORTLANDT  ST.  NEWARK 


UNCLE  SAM  SAYS: 

The  Columbian  Inkstand 


^fa 


Is  the  best  I  have  seen 
since  Columbus  discover- 
ed  America. 


f  Ms  the  Pen  Just  Right. 

Preserves  the  ink 

CLEAR  AND  LIMPID. 


JUST    PATENTED. 

Boyd  &  Abbot  Company 

23  WARREN    STREET,    NEW   YORK. 

Makes    Writing  a  Luxury.  send  for  catalogue. 


F.  Grote  &  Co., 

A    A   A      T?  a r,    AJw**^*     O „_      BETWEEN  THIRD  AND  FOURTH 

lift  Ilast  I^th  Street, 


A  VENUES. 
:Jc      :fc      %      %     ^s      ;fc 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in 


BILLIARD  MATERIAL  m 

BOWLING  ALLEY  EQUIPMENTS. 


4:     *      #      *     *     ;fc 


BUILDERS  OF  THE  FAMOUS 

Grote  Standard  Bowling  Alleys, 


3YA3  MA3  3JOI4U 

Hotel  •  Bartholdi, 

Broadway  &  23d  St.,  on  Madison  Square, 

Hew  yor^. 


European  Plan. 


Table  d'Hote  from  5  to  8,  #1.00. 


Ladies'  Restaurant,  Corner  23d  Street,  open  until  midnight. 
P.J.  WHITE. 

Few  yopK  hotel, 

721   BROADWAY, 

Cor.    of  Washington    and  lYT^^nr       V^4~k*»1.r 

Waverly    Places,  l>eW         X  OrJK, 

American  Plan,  $3.00  per  Day  and  Upward. 

European  Plan,  $1.00  per  Day  and  Upward. 


FIRST-CLASS  DINING  ROOM  AND  LADIES'  RESTAURANT 

On    Waverly    Place. 

The  central  location  of  this  hotel  recommends  it  to  the  traveling  public. 
The  Broadway  cars  pass  the  door  and  render  easy  access  to  all  the  places 
of  business  and  amusement  in  the  city. 

The  cuisine  and  service  of  this  hotel  are  unsurpassed. 

GEORGE    B.    GLOVER,    Manager. 


The  Policies  of  the 

LIFE  INSURANCE 


HOME 


COMPANY 
OF  NEW  YORK 

Are  broad  and  liberal  both  as  to  terms  and 
conditions,  and  contain  all  the  advantages 
and  options  of  modern  contracts. 

GEO.    H.  RIPLEY, 

W.  J.  MADDEN,  Gen'l  Agt,  President. 

40  BROADWAY,   N.  Y. 


M.    HOUSMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

Card  Board  and  Glass     .•       •     ..•       • 

S^ou/  Sidles 

Q)  ■     •     Stamped  in  Gold  and  Silver. 


Office, 


JMo.113  EbJVI  STREET, 


NEW    YORK. 


Factory, 

18tl?  St.,  2d  &  3d /cues., 


S.   BROOKLYN. 


Perkins,  Goodwin  &  Co., 

PAPER, 


AND 


Paper  Makers*  Supplies, 

66  &  68  DUANE  STREET, 

rooFo-d;t?ins'  New  York. 


Frank  Squier, 

J.  Fred.  Ackerman 


Joseph  B.  Daley  & 

MANUFACTURERS 

Printers'  Rollers 

and  Composition. 

No.  31  Rose  Street, 

ESTABLISHED  1863.  SMEW     YORK 


T.  G.  SELLEW, 

Poll  fop  Desks,  a 


BOOK-KEEPERS'  W*V^£M  chAIRS, 

CYLINDER  ^SePISBS  COUCHES, 

FLAT  TOP  DESKS.  ^^B^ll  ||  TABLES. 

Offie^    purpitur^   of  Every    Description 
Ill  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 

O.  ^ST.  COE.  THEO.  G-OLDSMITH. 

THE  J.  W.  SCOTT  CO.,  LTD. 

Under  Management  of  J.  W.  Scott,  the  first  American 
Stamp  Dealer. 

163    FTJLTOH    STEEBT 

(Two  Doors  from  Broadway.) 
DEALERS    IN 

Old  Stamps  and  Coins. 


Full  lines   of  all  American   and   Foreign   Stamps   and 
Coins  for  sale  at  lowest  prices. 

FORTY    PAGE    PRICE    LIST    FREE. 

SETS    OF    COLUMBUS    STAMPS,    FIFTY    CENTS. 

List    giving    price    we    pay    for    every    American    Coin 
worth  over  face,  price  lOc 


ftonopial  Hinbotos. 

MAYER  &  CO., 

MUNICH,      NEW  YORK,     LONDON. 


The  staff  of  artists  engaged  for  the  execution  of  our 
windows  are  members  of  the  Munich  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts.     The  glass  used  is  the  finest  quality  of  the 

gwglislx  ^cttiiqtt* 

specially  prepared  for  us. 

Designs  and  Estimates  Submitted. 
New  York  Branch,    -     20  Murray  St, 

WOODLAWN  CEMETERY 

WOODLAWN  STATION. 

(24th    WARD) 


New  York  &  Harlem 
Railroad 

City  Office    -    -     20  East  23rd  Street, 
NEW   YORK  CITY. 


When  in  the  City,  call  on 


Established 
in   1S69. 


D.  SHEA,t» 

THE 

«d  Clothier. 

CORNER  BROOME  &  CROSBY  STREETS,  N.  Y. 

He  is  the  only  genuine  dealer  in  leading  American  and  European 
Tailors'  Misfits  at  half  price.     Dress  suits  for  sale  and  hire.     Also 

READY-MADE  CLOTHING  FOR  MEN  AND  YODTHS. 

R.  YOLKEL, 


Importer  and  Manufacturer  of 


Fine  Furs, 

436    Sixth    Avenue, 

Between  26th  &  27th  Streets,  TsTTP.^jy    "VnTglT 


Why  Pills? 

Because  they  are  more  convenient  to  handle 
and  easier  to  take. 

Are  they  as  good  as  the  liquid  Sarsaparillas  ? 
Try  them  and  see.       Druggists  or  mail. 
PRICE,    ONE    DOLLAR    A    BOX. 
Trial    Size,    50    Cents. 

Savid  Medicine  Company, 

SCHENECTADY,   N.  Y. 


Organized  1851 


THE  BERKSHIRE 


Life  Insurance 
Company, 

OF  PITTSFIELD,  MASS. 


SEND  your  age,  name  and  address  and  receive  a  SPECIAL 
STATEMENT  showing  the  SUPERIOR  ADVANTAGES  and 
LIBERAL  OPTIONS  of  the  new  TWENTY  PAYMENT  INVEST- 
MENT and  PROTECTION  POLICY,  together  with  the  GUARANTEED 
CASH  and  PAID  UP  VALUES  after  the  SECOND  YEAR.  This 
policy  affords  all  the  advantages  of  life  insurance  during  the  early  or 
producing  years  of  life  and  at  the  same  time  makes  sure  a  provision 
for  advanced  age.  Being  a  POSITIVE  CONTRACT  it  is  especially 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  business  men. 

GEO.     W.    ENGLISH,     Manager, 

FOR  THE  STATES  OF  NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  JERSEY. 

271    BROADWAY,   NEW   YORK   CITY. 

Reading.  'Riting  and  'Rithmetic  are  primary  and  essential.  Refinement,  Culture  and 
Polish  come  later  from  Travel,  Association  with  the  Educated,  and  acquaintance  with  the  best 
thoughts  of  gifted  minds.     In  the 

Stedman-Hutchinson  LIBRARY  OF  AMERICAN  LITERATURE 

you  can  travel  through  every  State  in  the  Union,  associate  constantly  with  educated  men  and 
women,  and  acquaint  yourself  with  the  best  thoughts  of  twelve  hundred  talented  authors. 

In  this  age,  when  a  shorthand  method  of  reading  is  necessary,  "The  Library  of  American 
Literature  "  is  to  e'very  citizen  not  a  luxury,  but  a  necessity. 

MOTHERS  AND  FATHERS 
Should  look  with  care  to  the  books  that  are  read  by  their  sons  and  daughters.  Edmund  Clarence 
Stedman  and  Ellen  Mackay  Hutchinson  have  spent  seven  years  in  choosing  from  the  500,000 
volumes  that  have  been  copyrighted  the  6,200  pages  of  "The  Library  of  American 
Literature."  Eleven  volumes;  1,207  Authors  ;  2^7I  Articles;  j6o  full-page  portraits.  Ex- 
press prepaid;  payments  one  cent  per  volume  per  day. 

Sold  by  subscription.  Capable  men  and  women  will  find  it  profitable  to  solicit  subscriptions. 
Send  for  description. 

GIVE     HV2.3Z3      IVA-OTS. 

11  The  Encyclopedia  of  American  Politics — History  and  Platforms  of  all  Parties"  is  now  ready. 
No  political  question  can  arise  about  which  this  book  will  not  furnish  recent,  reliable  and  ex- 
haustive information.  This  is  of  permanent  value  to  every  AMERICAN  CITIZEN  who  is  in- 
terested in  the  great  issues  now  before  the  country.  This  great  work  is  divided  into  three  parts, 
and  each  part  is  worth  the  price  of  the  whole  book. 

The  editor  and  compiler,  Mr.  Thomas  Campbell  Copeland,  has  been  two  years  at  work  on  this 
book,  and  every  statement  and  all  the  statistics  are  absolutely  correct  and  reliable. 

Agents  Wanted.    Liberal  Terms.     Free  Territory.     Magnificent  Prospectus,  only  35c 

Fine  cloth,  ink  and  gold  stamp $250    |     Sheep,  library  style,  marbled  edges $3-25 

Half  turkey  morocco $4-25 

T.  M.  WILLIAMS,  Manager. 
CHAS.  L.  WEBSTER  &  CO.,  67  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


BOOKS!    BOOKS!    BOOKS! 

Of  every  description  in  stock,  both  old  and  new.  Encyclopaedia's  Britannica,  Appleton,  Cham- 
bers, People's,  Zells,  at  less  than  one-half  publishers  price.  Family  Bibles  and  Teacher's  Bibles. 
Sets  of  all  the  novelists:  Dickens,  15  vols.,  clo.,  $3-75;  Scott,  12  vols.,  $3.75;  Thackeray,  10  vols., 
$2.25;  Eliot,  6  vols.,  $1.50;  Bulwer,  13  vols.,  $3.75;  Carlyle,  11  vols.,  $7.50;  and  hundreds  of  other 
popular  sets.  Elegant  bound  books  from  10c.  each  and  up.  Books  for  young  people,  100,000  to 
select  from.  Untold  quantity  of  paper  novels,  5c.  each  and  up.  Steel  engraving.  Elegant  works 
of  fine  art.  All  the  poets,  &c,  &c.  A  call  will  convince  you.  Mail  orders  promptly  attended  to. 
New  and  old  books  bought  in  any  quantity.       Libraries  purchased.      Sunday  schools  and  libraries 

supplied     loveRINC'S  N.  Y.  BOOK  EXCHANGE, 

781  Broadway,  between  9th  and  10th  Streets,  opposite  Denning. 


PIEMEMBEH.,       781 


H*.OA3D"\7S7--A.Y. 


The  business  eye  we  catch,    We  catch  the  business  eye 
With  neatness  and  dispatch ;  There's  a  first-rate  reason  why ; 
You  can  scour  the  earth  Our  ads  strike  right 

For  all  you're  worth,  The  eye  that's  bright, 

Our  ads  you  cannot  match.    They're  ads  for  swearing  by. 

An  eye  for  business  have  you  ? 
If  so,  tho  thing  to  do 

Is  our  ads  to  take; 

And  the  money  that  you'll  make 
Will  prove  our  statements  true. 


PICTORIAL.    LEAGUE, 
Tribune  Building,  New  Yoik  City 

Our  firm  name  is  being  imitated.    Be  careful  about  the  address. 


D.  C.  HALL  &  CO., 

86  LEONARD  ST.,  NEW  YORK, 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

PERFORATED    BUCKSKIN    UNDERWEAR 

AND  CHEST  PROTECTORS,  (Smith's  Patent). 
For  Ladles  mid  Gentlemen. 

Afford  thorough  Protection  against  Pneumonia,  Rheumatism  and  Lung  Diseases. 

SOLE  AGICNTS  FOR 

'Cornfield"  Stockinet  Diapers,  Bibs  and  Bed  Sheets,  Stockinet  Waterproof  Sheeting, 
Seamless  Sanitas  Napkin  for  Ladies.  Send  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


Eat  Candy,  but  Eat  it  Pure" 

IS  OUR  MOTTO 

Which  Has  Stood  the  Test  of  Years. 

You  will  find  our  goods  on  sale  throughout  the  United  States,  Canada, 
Centra™' Hi  South  America,  West  Indies,  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa  and  Australia. 

*H7Tn/r       T   /  »T7TV  Manufactory  and  Salesroom, 

WM.    l^Ot   l9    54  Barclay  St.,  New  York,  Opp.  College  Place. 

A  RETAIL  COUNTER  ATTACHED. 


0  • 


3  J.  S.  GILLIES, 


•    •    •    • 


Established   1S69. 


^flJ^E  +  FUpWfUpE,^ 


LARGEST   ASSORTMENT. 


EVERY  PIECE  WARRANTED. 


To  save  Money  buy  direct  from  the  maker, 
WALL    PAPERS  J-    S-    GILLIES, 

AND   DECORATIONS  35-37  West  23d  St.,  N.  Y. 


A.  SUSSMANN. 

Importer  of 

Artists  Materials, 

/arid  Manufacturer  of," 

NOVELTIES.  SOUVENIRSTEfc 

CATALOCUE   FREE  ON  APPLICATION. 

23216th2Ave.. 
?^fJ(Wlft"ARovri^rsT  N  E  W'YO  R  Ki 


OECORATED  SCREin  WITH  YSlOSCflJt1  rPANXC§, 


LORILLARD  REFRIGERATORS  i 

1168    BROADWAY.  NEW  YORK. 

Established  in    1877, 

USED   IN    ALL     riR<5T-CLA«JJ    HOTELO,   CLUD^J.  FAM- 
ILIES    AND    INSTITUTION*)"!  oiLND  TOK    CATALOGUE.. 

miBBrtmBlM 


Telephone 


Established 
40  Years. 


No.395,i8thst.  pETER  BACKUS  &  SON, 

•:  QiGjNeeRs^5TeftM  *  prrreRS,  * 

WARMING  BY  STEAM  OR  HOT  WATER 

FOR  BUILDINGS  OF  ALL  KINDS. 

133  &  135  West  25th  Street.  •   NEW  YORK. 


C.  HTJMBEET, 

MANUFACTURER    OF 

VANILLA  CHOCOLATE  CREAM  DROPS 

AND    ALL    KINDS    OF    CONFECTIONERY. 


Importer  of  Fancy  Boxes  and  Fruit  Glacis— Wholesale  and  Retail. 

No.     9     WOOSTER    STREET,     NEW    YORK. 
All  Goods  of  our  own  Manufacture  Warrauted  Pure  Sugar— No  Glucose  Used 


C    'Rench  ., 


:WM 


Specialties— CHOCOLATE  CREAMS  AND  FINE  BON  BONS. 

J.  MARSCHING  &  CO. 

27  Park  Place,  corner  Church  St.,  New  York. 

HEADQUARTERS    FOR 

BRONZE  POWDERS,    METAL 

LEAF,  Etc. 

ARTISTS'  MATERIALS, 

AND  COLORS  ASD  SUPPLIES 

For  Glass  and  China  Painting. 

-  -  ESTABLISHED     1834  -  - 

CT-A-IR^riS  <Sc  CO. 

TOBACCO  INSPECTION  AND  STORAGE  WAREHOUSES 

Clinton  Street,   Cor.   South,  N.  Y.;  Pier  48,   East  River;  Foot  of 

Grand  Street,  N.  Y.;  Pier  55,  East  River. 

Corner  Thirteenth  and  Provost  Streets,   Jersey  City. 

(At  Terminus  of  N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  Ry.,  and  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  Co.) 

We  Offer  the  Best  Facilities  for  the   Sampling,  Storage  and   Shipping  of  Leaf  Tobacoc 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE,  60  BROAD  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 

Murtaogh's  Standard  Dumbwaiters. 

Warranted  the  best  in  use  ;  also,  HAND  HOISTING  in  all  its  branches. 
CARRIAGE  and  Safety  INVALID  ELEVATORS  a  specialty.  We  make 
many  varieties  of  Dumbwaiters  to  suit  any  position  or  business. 

ESTABLISHED  IN  1855. 

— REPAIRING  OR  ALTERING  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE. — 

JAMES  MURTAUGH,  147  East  42d  Street,  New  York. 


=CHELSEA  HOUSED 

311,  313  &  315  WEST  22d  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


Strictly  pamily  j-louse.      \io  Bar. 

I^ooms  with   Board,  S'ng'y  or   ^n   suite. 

o§ TRANSIENTS,  $2.50,  $3.00,  #3.50  PER  DAY. 1* 

^apt^Im^  jnot^l  apd  F^staurapt, 

40  Union  Square,  East  Side, 

Between  i6th  and  17TH  Streets,  New  York. 

BREAKFAST,    40c.  LUNCH,    40c. 

DINNER,    with    Wine,    75c. 


EUROPE 


H.  GAZE    &  SON,  tourst 

Agents  and  Hotel  Contractors.         Furnish 
tickets,  either  independently  or  in  person- 
ally conducted  parties,  to  all  points  through- 
out Europe.     Agents  for  all  Ocean  Steamers.  Choice  lioonis  secured  both  ways. 

GAZE'S     UNION     TICKET    OFFICE.     Tickets,  sleeping  and 
drawing-room  car  reservations,  and  baggage  checks  to  all  local  and  through  points  on  the 
NEW  YORK  CEMKAL  &  WEST  SHORE  R.  R. 

PENNSYLVANIA  R.  R.,  STONINGTON  LINE,  &c. 
Established   1 844.  H.  GAZE  &  SONS,  113  Broadway,  near  Wall  St.,  New  York. 

Officially  appointed  International  Tourists'  Agents  for  World's  Columbian  Exhibition,  1893. 

Incorporated  1880.  *                                                  Capacity  100,000  Per  Day. 
THE    ORIGINAL   COMPANY.  

Business  Address  Company, 

EnveloB6s  Addressed,  Circulars  Printed,  Folded,  Enveloped  and  Stamped 

AT  REASONABLE  RATES. 

ACCURATE  AND   COMPLETE   LISTS    OF    NAMES   AND  ADDRESSES    OF 

ALL.  CLASSES  OF  BUSINESS  AND  PROFESSIONAL  MEN. 

ALSO  SELECTED  LISTS  OF 

Householders,  Farmers,  and  Residents  Everywhere  in  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


J.  W.  Whitehead.         -         A.  C.  Clerihew.         -         H.  Allan  Briggs. 

Whitehead,  Clerihew  &  Briggs, 

PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANTS  and  AUDITORS. 

Fellows  of  the  American  Association  of  Public  Accountants. 
25   Years'   Continuous  Practical  Experience  in  all  Matters  Con- 
nected with  Accounts,   Audits,  Adjustments,  and  Investigations 
a  Specialty.    Experts  Supplied  on  Moderate  Terms  per  Diem. 
REFERENCES    TO    CLIENTS. 

Potter  Building,  38   Park    Row,  New  York. 


SAMUEL   WEIL, 

MANUFACTURER     OF     PATENT    MACHINE-MADE 

PASTE  :  AND  :  SIZING. 


PASTE  MADE  FOR  ALL  SPECIAL  PURPOSES. 


194-  and  196  Franklin  Street  (near  Washington  Street),  New  York 

TKLEFHONE  CALL,  4722  CORTLANDT. 


WE   MAKE   THE   PATENT 

"COMFORT"  DRESS  ELEVATOR,  Price  35c. 

Best  in  the  market,  serviceable,  weighs  only  half  ounce. 
Instantly  adjusted  with  two  Augers  while  in  motion. 


Also  the  New  and  Fashionable 
^C  AISTOHOR  "      HAT      PUT, 

PATENT    PENDING. 

ORNAMENTAL,    SERVICEABLE    AND   NEVER   LOST. 

Price  by  Mail,  25  cents. 

Leather  Trimmings  for  Cloaks,  Dresses  and  Hats. 
LOUIS  C.  WOEHNING  CO.,  Ltd.,  4  &  6  West  4th  St.,  New  York 


STROUD'S 

Self-Basting  Roasting  Pan. 

The  most  practical  Roasting  Pan  made, 
being  constructed  purely  on  scientific  princi- 
ples, and  without  the  annoying  cover.  It 
roasts  meat  perfectly,  so  that  it  retains  all  its 
juice  and  flavor,  and  dispenses  entirely  with 
hand  basting.  Every  Pan  guaranteed;  if  not 
satisfactory,  money  will  be  refunded.    Send  for  one  and  try  it.    You  cannot  be  at  a  loss. 

Iron  pans,  price,  each $0.65,  10x14;  $0.S5,  10x15;  $1.00,  11x17 

With  upper  pan  of  white  enamel,  price,  each 1.75,  10x14;     *.00.  10x15;    2.25,  11x17 

For  sale  by  all  leading  house  tarnishing  and  dry  goods  houses  throughout  the  United  States. 

JAMES  STROUD,  1363  Broadway,  New  York. 


Patented  June  2d,  1801. 


Manhattan  Trading  Company. 

Established  1886.   I    Incorporated  1890. 

CAPITAL,    $100,000.00 

Small  Loans,    Quick  Returns, 
Good  Rates 

Are  constantly  being  made  through  us. 

Whether  you  have  #1QO  or  #100,000  to 

invest  we  guarantee  principal  and  interest. 

Drop  us  a  line,  or  call  at  the  office, 

13     Broadway,    New    York    City. 


ARTISTIC    BOOKBINDING, 

In  Vellum,  Levant,  Morocco,  Calf  <fc  Russia. 

The  Binding  of  Rare  and  Extra  Illustrated 
Books  a  Specialty. 

HENRY  BLACKWELL, 

86 ON  I V  ERSITY  PLACE,  Cor.  TENTH  STREET,  NEW  YORK- 
EC  IE  nSTZR-y    W_   AYEBT, 
COPPERSMITH, 

MANUFACTURER    OF 

Copper  Work  for  Chemical  Works,  Sugar  Houses,  Dyers,  Steam- 
ships,  Tug  Boats  and  Hotels. 

Jacket  Kettles,  Varnish  Kettles,  Steam  Coils,  &c. 

310  FRONT  STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  St.  and  Governeur  Slip.  JSVJU  X/\7"     YORK, 

Telephone  Call  "Spring  1286." 


TEN   DOLLARS  A  MINUTE  1 

THIS  IS  THE  AVERAGE  AMOUNT  BEING  PAID  TO  THE  POLICY- 
HOLDERS EVERY  MINUTE    OF  EVERY  HOUR,  OF  EVERY 
DA  Y,  OF  EVERY  WEEK,  THE  YEAR  THROUGH,  BY  THE 

Metropolitan 

Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  New  York. 

This  is  one  of  the  oldest  Iafe  Insurance  Companies  in  the  United  States  ! 

It  has  been  doing  business  for  more  than  25  years  ! 

Its  Assets  amount  to  more  than  FIFTEEN  Millions  of  Dollars  ! 

It  has  more  than  Two  Million  Five  Hundred  Thousand  Policy-holders  ! 

Between  50,000  and  60,000  families  will  receive  the  proceeds  of  its  policies  this  year ! 

More  than  7,000  persons  are  actively  in  the  service  of  this  Company  in  the  U.  S. 

It  is  the  most  progressive  L.ife  Insurance  Company  in  America  to-day! 

ITS  GREAT  FEATURE  IS  ITS 

INDUSTRIAL  PLAN  OF  LIFE  INSURANCE. 


5  Cents  a  week  (and  upwards)  will 
secure  a  policy. 
All  ages  from  2  to  70  are  taken. 
Males  &  Females  insured  at  same  cost. 
Only  healthful  lives  are  eligible. 
No  uncertain  assessments. 


Claims  paid  immediately  at  death. 

No  Initiation  Fee  charged. 

Premiums  collected  by  the  company 
weekly  at  the  homes  of  the  policy- 
holders. 

No  in^ease  of  premiums. 


TUIMI/  f\C  IT  I  The  dally  aavlitg  of  FIVE  CEMS  will  carry  politie*  on  the  lives  of 
lnll\|l\    Ul      II    I  every  member  ofa  family  o    SEVEX  PEKSOXS  ! 

ORDINARY    DEPARTMENT. 

The  Company  in  this  Department  issues  all  the  approved  forms  of  Poli- 
cies and  some  novel  forms  of  Insurance  for  $1,000  and  upwards,  premiums 
payable  yearly,  half-yearly,  or  quarterly.  The  policies  are  liberal  in 
their  provisions,  contain  no  restrictions  as  to  travel  and  residence,  provide 
for  immediate  payment  of  claims  upon  receipt  of  satisfactory  proofs  of  death, 
and  the  premium  rates  are  extremely  low.  We  invite  comparison  of  rates 
with  the  rates  of  other  companies. 

^r\^r-i^l  Nat ir-o  —AGENTS  WANTED— Agents  are  wanted 
jpC^ldl  MUlllC*  by  this  Company  in  all  the  cities  of  the 
N.  E.,  Middle  and  Western  States.  Splendid  opportunities  are  offered  to 
active,  energetic  men.  Those  out  of  work,  or  who  are  in  situations  with 
little  or  no  chance  of  promotion,  should  give  the  business  a  trial.  To  the 
right  kind  of  men  it  offers  steady,  permanent  and  paying  positions,  with 
opportunity  for  merited  advancement.  If  this  notice  is  not  applicable  to 
the  reader,  and  he  has  a  friend  whom  he  thinks  it  might  interest,  will  he 
be  kind  enough  to  bring  the  subject  to  that  friend's  attention.  For  further 
particulars,  address  Company's  Home  Office,  New  York  City. 

OFPICEBS  ! 
JOIIN  R.  HEGEMAN,  President.    HALEY  FTSKE,  Vice-Prest.    GEORGE  H.  GASTON,  2d  Vice-Prest.  A  Sec 
J.  J.  THOMPSON,  Cashier  and  Asst  Secy.  JAMES  M.  CRAIG,  Actuary. 

THOMAS  H.  WILLARI),  M.  D..  Medical  Examiner.         STEWART  L.  WOODFORD,  Counsel. 


'92-  SEASON-'93. 


FURS 


'92-SEASON-'93. 


NEW  AND    ORIGINAL    STYLES    IN 

JACKETS,  CAPES,  FUR  GARMENTS,  Etc. 

A.  Jaeckel, 


FURRIER, 

11  East  19th  Street. 


New  York, 


Near  Broadway, 


Paris  Exposition  1889,  the  highest  award,  gold  medal,  was  received  by 
A.  Jaeckel  for  best  exhibit  of  fur  garments. 

Catalogues  Sent  on  Application. 


HARDMAN 


Majesty  Queen 
Victoria, 

H.  R.  H.  The 
Prince  of  Wales, 

Her  Grace  The 
Duchess  of  Fife. 


PIANO 


Used  by  Her 
Grace  the  Duch- 
ess of  Montrose, 

His  Grace  The 
Duke  of  Rich- 
mond &  Gordon, 

And  the  Nobil- 
ity   of    England. 


HARDMAN,   PECK  &  CO.,  Manufacturers, 


19th  St.  and 

Fifth  Ave. 

Also  General 
Representatives 
for  the 

SELF-PLAYING 
SYMPHONY, 

l/pon  which  may  be 
played  all  kinds  of 
music,  without  in- 
struction. 


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